Indemnity Act, 1961

Parliament of South Africa

Long title

* Act to indemnify the Government, its officers and all other persons acting under its or their authority in respect of acts, announcements, statements or information advised, commanded, ordered, directed, done, made or published in good faith for the prevention or suppression of internal disorder or the maintenance or restoration of good order or public safety or essential services or the preservation of life or property in any part of South Africa included in the Republic or the termination of a state of emergency in certain areas included in the Republic, and to provide for matters incidental thereto.

Citation| Act No. 61 of 1961
Enacted by| Parliament of South Africa
Assented to| 28 June 1961
Commenced| 5 July 1961
Status: Spent

The Indemnity Act 61 of 1961 was a law enacted by the apartheid government in South Africa, which protected the government from any legal repercussions of the Sharpeville massacre and other violent events that followed. It prevented the courts from hearing any criminal charges or civil claims against the government, its leaders or its employees for actions taken between 21 March 1960 and 5 July 1961.[1]

The act indemnified the State President, the Cabinet, all members of the civil service, the defence force, the police force, the railways and harbours service, the prison service, and anyone else acting under their direction. It applied to any actions taken, orders given or information published "in good faith" between the specified dates to protect public order, essential services, life or property.[1][2]

The act was precipitated by 224 civil claims for damages, amounting to approximately £400,000 (R800,000), served against the Minister of Justice in September 1960 by victims of Sharpeville and their relatives.[3] All these claims were nullified by the act. In response to public pressure, the government set up a committee to examine the claims and to recommend ex gratia payments, but few were actually paid out.[4]

The act remains on the statute-books, although any claims to which it would apply would have prescribed (expired). It is also inconsistent with the modern Constitution of South Africa, which guarantees the right of access to the courts. The South African Law Reform Commission has recommended that it should be repealed.[1]

## References

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1. ^ a b c Discussion Paper 129: Project 25: Statutory Law Revision: Legislation administered by the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (PDF) (Report). South African Law Reform Commission. October 2011. pp. 49–50. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
2. ^ Indemnity Act 61 of 1961
3. ^ Reeves, Ambrose (1966). "The Sharpeville Massacre: A watershed in South Africa". Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
4. ^ Boddy-Evans, Alistair. "Sharpeville Massacre: World Condemnation and Political Aftermath". About.com African History. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

## External links

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Apartheid legislation in South Africa

Precursors
(before 1948)|

* Hut tax (1884)
* Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
* Glen Grey Act (1894)
* Natal Legislative Assembly Bill (1894)
* Transvaal Asiatic Registration Act (1906)
* South Africa Act (1909)
* Mines and Works Act (1911)
* Natives Land Act (1913)
* Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923)
* Immorality Act (1927)
* Native Administration Act (1927)
* Representation of Natives Act (1936)
* Native Trust and Land Act (1936)
* Native (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act (1945)
* Asiatic Land Tenure Act (1946)

Malan to
Verwoerd
(1948–1966)|

* Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
* Immorality Amendment Act (1950)
* Population Registration Act (1950)
* Group Areas Act (1950)
* Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
* Native Building Workers Act (1951)
* Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
* Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951)
* Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
* Native Laws Amendment Act (1952)
* Pass Laws Act (1952)
* Public Safety Act (1953)
* Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act (1953)
* Bantu Education Act (1953)
* Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
* Natives Resettlement Act (1954)
* Group Areas Development Act (1955)
* Riotous Assemblies Act (1956)
* Industrial Conciliation Act (1956)
* Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act (1956)
* Immorality Act (1957)
* Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959)
* Extension of University Education Act (1959)
* Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959)
* Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)
* Indemnity Act (1961)
* Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act (1961)
* Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1961)
* Urban Bantu Councils Act (1961)
* General Law Amendment Act (1963)
* Coloured Persons Representative Council Act (1964)

Post-Verwoerd
(1966–1994)|

* Terrorism Act (1967)
* Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act (1968)
* Prohibition of Political Interference Act (1968)
* Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970)
* Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971)
* Aliens Control Act (1973)
* Indemnity Act (1977)
* National Key Points Act (1980) - List of National Key Points
* Internal Security Act (1982)
* Intimidation Act (1982)
* Black Local Authorities Act (1982)
* Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1983)

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