Indian Music Industry

Trust representing the Indian recording industry

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|

Indian Music Industry

Founded| 28 February 1936
Location|

* Mumbai, India

Key people

| Blaise Fernandes, President & CEO
Website| indianmi.org

The Indian Music Industry (IMI) is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in India. It was founded on 28 February 1936, as Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI). It is the 2nd oldest music industry organisation in the world that was involved in protecting copyrights of music producers and supporting growth of music entertainment industry. In 1994, it was renamed as Indian Music Industry (IMI) and represented India at the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). It is also registered with the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. All major music labels in India are part of this association.

IMI has its registered office in Kolkata and Administrative office in Mumbai working on the protection of the rights of music producers and preventing music piracy. It has also been instrumental in launching the IMMIES music awards in collaboration with MTV.

The Indian music industry is largely dominated by Indian film soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue, followed by Indi-pop.[1][2] As of 2014, the largest Indian music record label is T-Series with up to 35% share of the Indian market, followed by Sony Music India (the largest foreign-owned label) with up to 25% share, and then Zee Music Company (which has a partnership with Sony).[3] As of 2017, 216 million Indians use music streaming services such as YouTube, Hungama, Gaana and JioSaavn.[4] T-Series has the world's most-viewed and the second most-subscribed YouTube channel.

## History

[edit]

The industry was dominated by cassette tapes in the 1980s and 1990s.[1] In 1990, India had annual cassette sales of 180 million units, including both legitimate and pirate sales. This made it the world's second largest cassette market, after the United States.[5] By 1998, the industry had annual earnings of ₹12 billion[6] ($291 million).[7]

In the early 2000s, 49 million cassettes (including 16 million pirate tapes) were sold every month.[8] Later in the 2000s, the industry transitioned to online streaming, bypassing CD and digital downloads.[1]

## Criteria of certification levels

[edit]

The Indian Music Industry has constituted different, awards to encourage and promote music. The approved scheme of gold/platinum disc standards effective for sound recordings of member companies released in one calendar year is as below:

* Sales of all types of carriers, whether vinyl records, audio cassettes, compact discs, MP3 compact discs, music videos (i.e. excluding home videos) or any other existing or future type of carrier is considered on the basis of one unit.
* If a sound recording contains a combination of two program, any program over half of its total duration can be weighted at 50%, of the sales of the sound recording of that program. Any program comprising less than half of the total duration of the sound recording will not be counted for the purpose of certification.
* Sales in domestic markets only will be considered for the calculation of sales of sound recording.
* The time-limit for achieving above sales in any category is one year from the release of the recording in India.
* Applications should be accompanied by a copy certified by the member's chartered accountant stating the date of release & the number of units sold, along with a letter from the managing director or CEO.

## Record charts

[edit]

See also: Billboard India Songs

### International Top 20 Singles

[edit]

Main article: IMI International Top 20 Singles

IMI launched International Top 20 Singles chart, the first official music industry recognised record chart in India, on 21 June 2021. It ranks best-performing international singles in India based on streaming data from Amazon Music, Apple Music, and Spotify. The data is collected and aggregated by BMAT Music Innovators and chart is reviewed by IMI Charts committee.[9][10] The first number-one song for the chart dated 21 June 2021, was "Butter" by BTS.[11]

## Certification levels

[edit]

India has separate scales for music recording certifications. Certifications are usually based on sales, like some other Asian countries. Like many other Asian countries, domestic repertoire accounts for the majority of the Indian music market. Like many other countries, sales requirements of music recording in India reduced due to music piracy, declining sales, and the rise of online streaming.

### Current

[edit]

The following are the current certification levels, as of 2019.[12]

Release type  | Singles | Albums

|
|

Gold | Platinum  | Gold | Platinum
Hindi films | 120,000 | 240,000 | 75,000 | 150,000
Regional films | 60,000 | 120,000 | 40,000 | 80,000
Pop/Basic | 60,000 | 120,000 | 15,000 | 30,000
Devotional | 50,000 | 100,000 | 10,000 | 20,000
Classical/Folk | 10,000 | 20,000 | 5,000 | 10,000
International | 60,000 | 120,000 | 12,000 | 30,000

Single and album units are measured in terms of Track Equivalent (TE) and Album Equivalent (AE) units, respectively, which are equivalent to the following media units.[12]

Media unit(s) | Track Equivalent (TE) | Album Equivalent (AE)

|
|

Digital track download(s) | 1 | 10
Digital album download | — | 1
Physical album sale | — | 1
CRBT (caller ring-back tones) (30 days[clarification needed]) | 2 | 20
Track streams | 100 | 1,000
Video streams | 300 | 3,000

### Previous

[edit]

Prior to the inclusion of music streaming in IMI certifications, the following certification levels were in use between 2007[13] and 2013.[14]

Between 2007 and 2013  Release type | Gold | Platinum

|
|

Hindi Films | 200,000 | 400,000
Regional Films | 50,000 | 100,000
Regional Basic | 25,000 | 50,000
National Basic | 50,000 | 100,000
Classical/Non-Classical | 15,000 | 30,000
International | 4,000 | 6,000

The following certification levels were in use between 2000[15] and 2007.[16]

Between 2000 and 2007  Release type | Gold | Platinum

|
|

Hindi Films | 500,000 | 1,000,000
Regional Films | 100,000 | 200,000
Regional Basic | 60,000 | 120,000
National Basic | 100,000 | 200,000
Classical/Semi-Classical | 20,000 | 40,000
International (2006–2007) | 10,000 | 20,000
International (2000–2006) | 20,000 | 40,000

The following certification levels were in use up until 2000.

Up until 2000  Release type | Gold | Platinum

|
|

Hindi films[17] | 500,000 | 1,000,000
Indian pop | 120,000[18] | 200,000[19][20]
Foreign[21] | 30,000 | 60,000

## Best-selling albums

[edit]

See also: Hindi film music, Indian pop, Pakistani popular music, and List of best-selling albums by country

### Top ten

[edit]

Rank  | Year  | Album  | Music director(s)  | Lyricist(s)  | Singer(s)  | Sales  | Source(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 2006  | Aap Kaa Surroor | Himesh Reshammiya | Sameer Anjaan | Himesh Reshammiya | 55,000,000  | [22][23][24]
2 | 1983 | Young Tarang | Zoheb Hassan, Biddu | Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Sehba Akhtar, Amit Khanna | Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan | 40,000,000 | [25][26][self-published source]
3  | 1990 | Aashiqui | Nadeem–Shravan | Sameer, Madan Pal, Rani Malik | Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Nitin Mukesh | 20,000,000 | [27][28]
1995  | Bolo Ta Ra Ra.. | Jawahar Wattal | Daler Mehndi | Daler Mehndi | 20,000,000 | [29][30]
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge | Jatin–Lalit | Anand Bakshi | Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra | 20,000,000 | [31][32]
5 | 1995 | Billo De Ghar | Abrar-ul-Haq | Abrar-ul-Haq | Abrar-ul-Haq | 16,000,000 | [33][34]
6 | 1995 | Bombay | A. R. Rahman | Vairamuthu, Mehboob, Veturi | A. R. Rahman, Remo Fernandes, Suresh Peters, Swarnalatha, K. S. Chithra, Hariharan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Udit Narayan, Annupamaa | 15,000,000 | [35]
7 | 1981 | Disco Deewane | Zoheb Hassan, Biddu | Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Anwar Khalid, Faruq Qaiser | Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan | 14,000,000 | [36]
8 | 1997 | Dil To Pagal Hai | Uttam Singh | Anand Bakshi | Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Hariharan | 12,500,000 | [37]
9 | 1994 | Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! | Raamlaxman | Ravinder Rawal, Dev Kohli | Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Udit Narayan, Sharda Sinha, Shailendra Singh | 12,000,000 | [38]
10 | 1996 | Raja Hindustani | Nadeem–Shravan | Sameer | Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, Suresh Wadkar, Sapna Awasthi, Alisha Chinai, Sapna Mukheree, Bela Salukhe | 11,000,000 | [37]

### By decade

[edit]

Decade  | Year  | Album  | Language  | Music director(s)  | Lyricist(s)  | Singer(s)  | Sales  | Source(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1930s | 1939 | Aadmi | Hindi

Marathi

| Master Krishnarao | Munsi Aziz | Shanta Hublikar, Ram Marathe, Sundara Bai, Shahu Modhak | — | [citation needed]
1940s | 1949 | Barsaat | Hindi | Shankar Jaikishan | Hasrat Jaipuri, Shailendra, Ramesh Shashtri, Akhilesh, Jalal Malahabadi | Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Mukesh | — | [citation needed]
1950s | 1951 | Awaara | Hindustani | Shankar Jaikishan | Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri | Shamshad Begum, Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar, Manna Dey, Mohammed Rafi | — | [39]
1960s | 1964 | Sangam | Hindustani | Shankar Jaikishan | Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri | Vyjayanthimala, Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar, Mahendra Kapoor, Mohammed Rafi | — | [40]
1970s  | 1973 | Bobby | Hindustani | Laxmikant–Pyarelal | Anand Bakshi, Vitthalbhai Patel | Lata Mangeshkar, Narendra Chanchal, Shailendra Singh, Manna Dey | 1,000,000 | [41][42][17]
1975 | Sholay | Hindustani | R. D. Burman | Anand Bakshi, Salim–Javed | Kishore Kumar, Manna Dey, Lata Mangeshkar, Hema Malini, R. D. Burman | 1,000,000 | [42][17]
1980s | 1983 | Young Tarang | Hindustani | Zoheb Hassan, Biddu | Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Sehba Akhtar, Amit Khanna | Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan | 40,000,000 | [26][25]
1990s  | 1990 | Aashiqui | Hindi | Nadeem–Shravan | Sameer, Madan Pal, Rani Malik | Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Nitin Mukesh | 20,000,000 | [27][28]
1995  | Bolo Ta Ra Ra.. | Punjabi | Jawahar Wattal | Daler Mehndi | Daler Mehndi | 20,000,000 | [29][37]
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge | Hindi | Jatin–Lalit | Anand Bakshi | Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra | 20,000,000 | [31][32]
2000s | 2000 | Mohabbatein | Hindi | Jatin–Lalit | Anand Bakshi | Lata Mangeshkar, Udit Narayan, Shweta Pandit, Sonali Bhatawdekar, Ishaan | 5,000,000 | [43]
2010s | 2010 | Komaram Puli | Telugu | A. R. Rahman | Chandrabose | A. R. Rahman, Vijay Prakash, Tanvi Shah, Shweta Mohan, Javed Ali, Shreya Ghoshal | 760,000 | [44]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Hu, Cherie (23 September 2017). "How India, The Global Music Industry's Sleeping Giant, Is Finally Waking Up". Forbes.
2. ^ "The Indian Music Industry is struggling to survive COVID-19". Music Biz Nation.
3. ^ Malvania, Urvi (21 April 2014). "Sony Music eyes numero uno position in India". Business Standard.
4. ^ "Spotify's plan to beat Apple: sign the rest of the world". Financial Times. 3 January 2019.
5. ^ Bhargava, Simran (15 January 1991). "As music market expands rapidly, India becomes one of the largest producers of cassettes". India Today. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
6. ^ "Tuning in to better times?". The Hindu. 9 July 2003.[dead link]
7. ^ "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
8. ^ "Attack of the clones". Rediff. 27 March 2003.
9. ^ Yadav, Monica (21 June 2021). "BTS' record-breaking single 'Butter' soars atop on India's first official international singles chart". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
10. ^ Stassen, Murray (22 June 2021). "Indian Music Industry launches country's first International Top 20 Singles Chart based on streaming data". Music Business Worldwide. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
11. ^ "Top 20 Charts". Indian Music Industry. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. 21 June 2021. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
12. ^ a b "Awards". Indian Music Industry (IMI). Retrieved 7 January 2019.
13. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
14. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
15. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 21 May 2000. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
16. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 29 January 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
17. ^ a b c "International". Billboard. Vol. 93, no. 28\. Nielsen Business Media. 18 July 1981. p. 69.
18. ^ "Hip, Happy, Hyper". India Today. 30 April 1994.
19. ^ Asiaweek, Volume 7. Asiaweek. 1981. p. 39. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
20. ^ "Nazia-Biddu Team - 'Disco Deewane': Hit In Hindu". Billboard. Vol. 93, no. 28\. 18 July 1981. p. 70\. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
21. ^ "Channel V and MTV create never-before market for global music". India Today. 15 November 1996.
22. ^ "Himesh Reshammiya's Aap Kaa Surroor Rules With The '55 Million Copies' Record In India Coming Very Close Only To Michael Jackson's Thriller Worldwide?". Koimoi. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
23. ^ CultureSonar (12 July 2017). "Pop's Biggest Hits in the English-Speaking World". www.culturesonar.com. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
24. ^ "Credits You Can't Take Away From Himesh Reshammiya". Desimartini. 23 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
25. ^ a b "Young Tarang". Rediff. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
26. ^ a b Sheikh, M. A. (2012). Who's Who: Music in Pakistan. Xlibris Corporation. p. 192\. ISBN 9781469191591.
27. ^ a b "India Today". India Today. 19. Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited: 70. 1994.
28. ^ a b "Bollywood hinges on Hindi film music industry, fans soak up wacky new sounds". India Today. 15 November 1994. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
29. ^ a b "Daler Mehndi". In.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
30. ^ Booth, Gregory D.; Shope, Bradley (2014). More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music. Oxford University Press. p. 151\. ISBN 9780199928835.
31. ^ a b "Rediff On The Net, Movies: How Gulshan Kumar signed his own death warrant". Rediff. 2 September 1997.
32. ^ a b Ganti, Tejaswini (2012). Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry. Duke University Press. p. 390\. ISBN 9780822352136.
33. ^ "Statistics". Abrar-ul-Haq Official Website. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
34. ^ "Abrar Ul Haq is back with a bangra". The Express Tribune. 29 April 2016.
35. ^ "The "Mozart of Madras" AR Rahman is Performing LIVE in Australia". SBS. 14 February 2017.
36. ^ "Disco Deewane, Nazia Hassan with Biddu and His Orchestra". La Pelanga. 19 September 2010.
37. ^ a b c "Music Hits 1990-1999 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. 2 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010.
38. ^ Morcom, Anna (2017). Hindi Film Songs and the Cinema. Routledge. p. 198\. ISBN 9781351563741.
39. ^ "Music Hits 1950-1959". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
40. ^ "Music Hits 1960-1969". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
41. ^ "Music Hits 1970-1979". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
42. ^ a b "Sûrya India". Sûrya India. 3 (2). A. Anand.: 61 1979. "Sholay' is stilt going strong. Polydor records has won a platinum disc for the sale of the 'Sholay' record"
43. ^ "Music Hits 2000-2009 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
44. ^ "'Komaram Puli' audio creates latest record!". way2movies. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

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[edit]

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