Indian comics

Comics Book publishers of India

Indian comics

Excerpt from "Krishna The Savior" by Amar Chitra Katha

Series| List of Indian comics
Languages| English, Hindi, Tamil, Bengali

Chitrakatha (lit: Picture Story) or Indian comics are comics or graphic novels originating from India published in a number of Indian languages.

India has a long tradition of comic readership and themes associated with extensive mythologies and folk-tales have appeared as children's comic books for decades.[1] Indian comics often have large publication. The comic industry was at its peak in the late 1980s and early 1990s and during this period popular comics were easily sold more than 500,000 copies over the course of its shelf life of several weeks. Currently, it only sells around 50,000 copies over a similar period.[2] India's once-flourishing comic industry is in sharp decline because of increasing competition from satellite television (children's television channels) and the gaming industry.[3]

Over the last six decades Diamond Comics, Raj Comics, Tinkle, Balarama and Amar Chitra Katha have established vast distribution networks countrywide and are read by hundreds of thousands of children in a wide range of languages.[4] Famous comic creators from India include Pratap Mulick, Chandu, Harvinder Mannkar, Sukhwant Kalsi, Anupam Sinha, Aabid Surti, Uncle Pai, Ram Waeerkar and cartoonist Pran Kumar Sharma, Neerad and famous characters are Chacha Chaudhary, Bahadur, Meeku, Motu Patlu, Detective Moochhwala, Nagraj, Super Commando Dhruva, Doga, Suppandi and Shikari Shambu and many more .[5][2] Anant Pai, affectionately known as "Uncle Pai," is credited with helping to launch India's comic book industry in the 1960s with his "Amar Chitra Katha" series chronicling the ancient Hindu mythologies.[6]

## History

[edit]

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India's comic industry began in the mid-1960s when the leading newspaper The Times of India launched Indrajal Comics. The industry evolved later in India. Up until the late 1960s the comics were only enjoyed by the children of wealthy parents. But from that time until the early 1990s they established themselves in the market.[3] The evolution of Indian comics can be broadly divided into many phases. Around 1950s saw syndicated strips like The Phantom, Mandrake, Flash Gordon, Rip Kirby being translated to Indian languages. The success of such comic books was followed by a swarm of publishers trying to emulate these titles. The second phase in the late 1960s came in the form of Amar Chitra Katha (literally translated as "immortal picture stories"), comics with hundred percentage Indian content.[5]

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The Indian adaptation of Spider-Man, Spider-Man:India, peak example of foreign comics publishers looking at India as potential market.

In the 1970s, several indigenous comics were launched to rival the Western superhero comics.[3] The superhero comics in the early '80s marked the third wave, with creators and publishers hoping to benefit from the success of the superhero genre in the West.[5] However, one of India's earliest superheroes is Batul the Great, was created during the 1960s by Narayan Debnath,[2] whose early comic strip Handa Bhonda, inspired by Laurel and Hardy, had been launched in the magazine Shuktara in 1962.[7]

In the 1980s, at least 5.5 million copies of comics such as Heroes of Faith series were sold in India.[3] Dozens of publishers churned out hundreds of such comic books every month, but this trend nosedived in the late '90s with the advent of cable television, Internet and other modes of entertainment in India. However, publishers like Raj Comics and Diamond Comics, along with comics like Amar Chitra Katha (with characters such as Suppandi[3]) have been able to sustain their readership.

After a lull, new publishing companies such as Level 10 Comics, Chariot Comics, Arkin Comics, Nila Comics, Yali Dream Creations, Cheeseburger Comics, Fiction Comics, Comix Theory, Green Gold, Jr. Diamond, Diamond Books, and Diamond Toons have appeared on the market in the last few years.[5] Comic publishers meanwhile have been accused by critics of lacking innovation in the face of digital competition.[3] Counter to claims, many innovations had been introduced in which Indian publishers have tried many ways to promote comics such as animation, film, television, digital comics, VHS films, audio films, and mobile apps by Raj Comics, Diamond Comics, and Amar Chitra Katha.

A very innovative attempt was made by Indian publishers to reach out to 236 Indian Rajya Sabha members by sending postcards with a request to promote the reading of books and comics by world record holder Niand Jadhav, in conjunction with Indian comics publishers Comix Theory and Comics Byte, along with comics art workshops, massive comics giveaways programs, and the Pulp Gulp Talk Show,[8] which were launched by Comix Theory to promote comics digitally and bring out various topics of discourse in mainstream comics which had not been present before, like philosophy, history, fine art, theatre, and new artists.[9]

A dedicated news portal, Comics Byte,[10] has covered Indian comics and activities related to them. Recently, VR\- and AR-enabled comics were seen as being distinct from the long-exploited 3D comics of the past. TBS Planet Comics released VR comics in which a hidden treasure box can be discovered by holding a smartphone over the pages of comics. Kolkata Comics also published AR-capable comics and translated comics from Bengali to English for viewing on mobile drvices.[11]

Webcomics have been a popular medium in India since the early 2000s. Indian webcomics are successful as they reach a large audience for free[12] and they are frequently used by the country's younger generation to spread social awareness on topics such as politics and feminism. These webcomics receive a large amount of exposure by being spread through social media.[13]

There were also publishers solely dedicated to bringing licensed content into the Indian comics market. From around 1997 to 2008, Gotham Comics published Spiderman: India, a version of the character Spider-Man. Dolton Comics, courtesy of Chandamama, had many DC characters published in India in various languages, mainly Superman and Batman were staple products. The publication of licensed characters by Indian comics publishers has a long history, which includes publishers like Amar Chitra Katha, Madhumuskan, Gowersons, Lion Comics, Egmont, Euro Kids, and in recent years, Regal Comics, Fenil Comics, Shakti Comics, and many more.

Nagraj based on a design by Manoj Gupta, illustrated by Pratap Mullick.

India hosted its first ever comics convention in February 2011.[14] According to 2012 estimates, the Indian comic publishing industry was worth over 100 million dollars.[15]

Diamond Comics, Manoj Comics, Raj Comics, Diamond Toons, and Tulsi Comics have gained immense readership and fanbases in north India since the 1980's because of their popular characters, like Chacha Chaudhary, Billoo, Pinki, Nagraj, Super Commando Dhruva, Hawaldar Bahadur, Angara, Jamboo and many more. Creators like Anant Pai, Abid Surti, Pran, Pratap Mullick, Enver Ahmed, Anupam Sinha, Manu, Ved Prakash Sharma, Parshuram Sharma, and many more are well known in north Indian comics for creating various comics characters and producing volumes of works during their active period.

The popularity of manga and anime in India has led to Japanese manga-inspired comic books, such as Mythology, a comic book based on Hindu mythology that has been released in India, Singapore, Malaysia and Europe.[16] Batu Gaiden is a manga fantasy series which incorporates cricket into mythology.[17]

From 2005 up to recent times, there have been many attempts by recently-ventured and old comics publishers to revive the Indian comics industry, including initiatives from Level 10 Comics, Yali Dream Creations, Cheeseburger Comics, Holycow Entertainment, Chariot Comics, Ayumi Comics, Red Streak Comics, Rovolt Comics, Vimanika Comics, TBS Planet Comics, UFC, Dream Comics, Swapnil Comics, Vaishnavi Comics, Fenil Comics, Dhaansu Productions and the surviving Raj Comics itself. Amar Chitra Katha, Raj Comics, Diamond Comics, and Diamond Toons have ventured into other entertainment media, like feature films, web series, games, and mobile applications since the late 1990s, and have continuously attempted to widen their impact on the comics-reading population.

Recently, there has been a notable rise in manga-style comics from Indian creators, with independent publishers like Qissa Comics and Cosmics leading the way. Qissa Comics currently has three ongoing series - The Worlds Beyond, Six Paths, and PowerPlay - each exploring unique themes with modern and global narratives, marking a new chapter for new-age comics in India.[18]

## Indian comics publishers

[edit]

* Diamond Comics
* Amar Chitra Katha
* Bal Bharti (Kids Magazine)
* Balabhumi (Kids Magazine)
* Balamangalam (Kids Magazine)
* Balarama (Kids Magazine)
* Campfire Comics
* Cartoon Plus (Kids Magazine)
* Champak (Kids Magazine)
* Chetan Comics
* Chandamama (Kids Magazine)
* Chitra Bharti Kathamala
* Chitragatha Comics
* Diamond Comics
* Durga Comics
* Fenil Comics
* Fiction Comics
* FlyDreams Comics
* Fort Comics
* Ganga Chitrakatha
* Goel Comics
* Gowarsons Comics
* Guneet Comics
* Holy Cow Entertainment
* Indrajal Comics
* Jain Chitrakatha
* King Comics ( part of Raj Comics)
* Kiran Comics
* Kumar Comics
* Kuttikalude Deepika (Kids Magazine)
* Lalu Leela
* Level 10 Comics
* Lion Comics
* Lotpot
* Madhu Muskan Comics
* Manoj Comics
* Nandan (Kids Magazine)
* Nanhe Samraat (Kids Magazine)
* Nutan Comics
* Pawan Comics
* Pitara Comics
* Pinwheel Comics
* Prabhat Comics
* Prampra Comics
* Qissa Comics [19]
* Radha Comics
* Radiant Comics
* Raj Comics
* Rani Comics
* Regal publishers
* Sadhna Comics
* Shakti Comics
* Star Comics IBH
* TBS Planet
* Tinkle (Kids Magazine)
* Trishul Comics
* Tulsi Comics
* Vimanika Comics
* Yali Dream Creations
* Yomics World
* VrindKavi[20]
* Cheeseburger Comics

## Notable creators

[edit]

* Abid Surti
* Anant Pai
* Anupam Sinha
* Dheeraj Verma
* Manoj Gupta
* Narayan Debnath
* Pran Kumar Sharma
* Pratap Mullick
* Sanjay Gupta
* Lalit Kumar Sharma
* Tadam Gyadu
* Saahil S Sharma
* Harsho Mohan Chattoraj
* Dildeep Singh
* Alok Sharma
* Shamik Dasgupta

## Annual events

[edit]

* Comic Con India
* Comics Fest India
* New Delhi World Book Fair

## See also

[edit]

* India portal
* Comics portal

* Magazine
* Media of India

Lists

* List of Indian comics
* List of newspapers in India
* List of radio stations in India
* List of Indian TV channels
* List of Indian films

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Patel, Atish. "Graphic novelists shake up world of Indian comics". Reuters. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
2. ^ a b c "Business Line : Features / Weekend Life : Homecoming for the superheroes". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
3. ^ a b c d e f "BBC News – Changing habits illustrate decline of India's comics". Bbc.co.uk. 27 November 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
4. ^ "Comic, Dead Serious | Samit Basu". Outlookindia.com. 3 May 2004. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
5. ^ a b c d Shweta Sharma (13 November 2011). "Documentary homage to comics Gods". Sunday-guardian.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
6. ^ The Associated Press – Fri 25 February 2011 (25 February 2011). "Indian comic book pioneer 'Uncle Pai' dies at 81 – Yahoo! News India". In.news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
7. ^ D. Ghosh Dastidar, "Prospects of Comic Studies in India," Gnosis 3 (2019), 113–128 (116).
8. ^ "Pulp Gulp Talk Show". Pulp Gulp Talk Show.
9. ^ "Comics Initiatives". Comix Theory. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
10. ^ "Comics Byte". Retrieved 13 May 2021.
11. ^ "AR comics BY KOLKATA COMICS".
12. ^ Arora, Kim (5 September 2010). "Strip tease: Indian webcomics make a mark". The Times of India.
13. ^ Verma, Tarishi (26 April 2015). "Laughing through our worries: The Indian web comics". Hindustan Times.
14. ^ "India gets its own Comic Con". Telegraph. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
15. ^ "How social media is boosting comic industry". The Times of India. The Times Group. 3 January 2012. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
16. ^ "Japanese Cultural Influence Grows in India".
17. ^ "Let 'Kree-Kaht' begin!". Hindustan Times. March 2011.
18. ^ "Love manga? This Pune start-up is creating Indian versions of Japanese-style comics!". Mid Day. May 2025.
19. ^ Shetty, Vishwesh (7 September 2024). "New Venture: Introducing Qissa Comics, a modern comic book Startup from India". Retrieved 9 September 2024.
20. ^ Sebastian, Alexander (31 October 2023). "Reading in all shapes sizes". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 16 January 2024.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Dastidar, D. Ghosh. “Prospects of Comic Studies in India,” Gnosis 3 (2019), 113–128.
* Hawley, John Stratton. 'The Saints Subdued: Domestic Virtue and National Integration in Amar Chitra Katha' in Media and the Transformation of Religion in South Asia, eds. Lawrence A Babb, Susan S. Wadley, Motilal Banarasidas, 1998.
* MacLain, Karline. India's Immortal Comic Books: Gods, Kings, and Other Heroes, Indiana University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-253-22052-3.
* Pritchett, Frances W. 'The World of Amar Chitra Katha' in Media and the Transformation of Religion in South Asia, eds. Lawrence A Babb, Susan S. Wadley, Motilal Banarasidas, 1998.
* Lent, John A., Comic Art of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Latin America Through 2000: An International Bibliography, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004.

## External links

[edit]

* GraphicShelf \- India's first Graphic Novel Database
* CulturePOPcorn – Indian Comics and POP Culture News Channel
* Indian Comics: Medium, History, Genre by Pia Mukherji, IWE Online, 5 April 2022.
* CBR: https://www.cbr.com/professor-ashwatthama-saahil-s-sharma-interview/

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Animation industry in India

Films|

* List of Indian animated films

Television|

* List of Indian animated television series

Companies|

* Children's Film Society, India
* Crest Animation Studios
* The Walt Disney Company India
* Green Gold Animations
* Makuta Animation
* Pentamedia Graphics
* Tata Elxsi
* Assemblage Entertainment

Key people|

* Suddhasattwa Basu
* Bhimsain
* Rajiv Chilaka
* Ram Mohan
* Vijaya Mulay
* S. P. Muthuraman
* Soundarya Rajinikanth
* Gitanjali Rao
* Kodi Ramakrishna
* S. Shankar
* S. S. Rajamouli
* Shyam Prasad Reddy
* Singeetam Srinivasa Rao
* Binu Sasidharan
* Manick Sorcar

Awards|

* National Film Award for Best Animated Film
* National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film

Schools, colleges
and institutes|

* ICAT Design & Media College
* Industrial Design Centre
* National Institute of Design
* National Institute of Design, Gandhinagar

Related topics|

* Indian comics

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