Indians in Pakistan

Widely-defined demographic of Indians within Pakistan

Ethnic group

Indians in Pakistan

* पाकिस्तान में भारतीय
* پاکستان میں ہندوستانی۔

Total population
2,016,501
Regions with significant populations
Predominantly Punjab and Sindh
Languages
Hindi–Urdu, Punjabi, others
Religion

* Islam
* Hinduism[1]
* Sikhism[2]

Related ethnic groups
Indian diaspora

Indians in Pakistan typically refers to Indian nationals working, studying or generally residing in Pakistan as expatriates. It also includes Indian emigrants to Pakistan, Indian spouses married to Pakistanis and Muhajirs.

## History

[edit]

There has been a history of immigration occurring between India and Pakistan due to the two countries sharing a common border.[3][4] Between 1979 and 1981, there were estimated to be roughly 18,302 Indians who were overstaying illegally in Pakistan.[5] According to Pakistani government figures in 1995, there were believed to be thousands of Indian immigrants living in Karachi, Sindh.[6][better source needed]

In 2005, the Indian government acknowledged that there were 1,348 Indians in Pakistani jails, including civilians, captured fishermen, convicted criminals and prisoners of war.[7] India has alleged that Dawood Ibrahim, a prominent Indian underworld don, resides in the Pakistani city of Karachi, although this claim has been rejected by Pakistan. Former President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, stated that Ibrahim is "held in 'high esteem' by many in [Pakistan]".[8] In 2008, the Indian foreign ministry advised its citizens to avoid travel to Pakistan after a series of mass-suicide bombings in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.[9][10] As of 2013, there were 1,184 Indians serving prison sentences in Pakistani jails.[11]

## Notable individuals

[edit]

* Ravindra Kaushik, a RAW agent arrested in Pakistan
* Kashmir Singh – Indian spy captured while operating in Pakistan (imprisoned 1973–2008)
* Kulbhushan Jadhav – Ex Indian Navy officer captured near the Iran–Pakistan border; alleged to be involved in espionage and terrorism in Balochistan, Pakistan[12][13][14]
* Lakhbir Singh Rode – Indian national and Sikh separatist, member of the Khalistan Zindabad Force
* Parminder Singh Saini – Indian national and Sikh separatist operating in Canada; sentenced to death in Pakistan (later commuted to 10 years)
* Sarabjit Singh – Indian national convicted for terrorist activity and espionage in Pakistan (d. 2013)[15][16][17]

## See also

[edit]

* Partition of British India (Division of India into Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan)
* Muhajir people (Muslims who migrated to Pakistan from India following Partition in 1947)
* Pakistanis in India
* Hindi language in Pakistan
* Bengalis in Pakistan
* Tamils in Pakistan

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Indian community in Pakistan celebrates Diwali". The Times of India. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
2. ^ "What it feels like being a Sikh in Pakistan". India Today. 31 August 1988.
3. ^ Natesan, G.A. (1957). Indian Review, Volume 58. University of California: G.A. Natesan & Co. p. 415.
4. ^ Bagri, Neha Thirani (7 March 2017). "There are more Indian migrants living in Pakistan than the United States". Quartz. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
5. ^ India today, Volume 7. University of Virginia: Thomson Living Media India Ltd. 1982. p. 60.
6. ^ Tohid, Owais; Mahmud, Arshad (29 November 1995). "Homeless In Karachi". Outlook India. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
7. ^ Mahendra, Gaur (2008). Foreign Policy Annual. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 536–537\. ISBN 978-8178353425.
8. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim is held in high esteem in Pakistan: Musharraf". NDTV. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
9. ^ "Indians told Pakistan 'not safe' for them". Dawn. 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
10. ^ "Avoid Pakistan travel, India tells citizens". 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
11. ^ "1,184 Indians in Pak jails, says MEA". Times of India. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
12. ^ "The Express Tribune". Watch: Kulbushan Jadhav's confession. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
13. ^ "Timeline: How the Kulbhushan Jadhav saga unfolded". Dawn News. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
14. ^ "Jadhav admits working for RAW during consular access". The Express Tribune. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
15. ^ Web Edition (29 June 2012). "Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist: Surjeet". The News International 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2013. "According to the testament of his fellow spy operatives, Surjeet Singh, confirming that Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist and terrorists are neither released by India nor Pakistan...."
16. ^ staff (2 May 2013). "Sarabjit Singh, how a terrorist becomes a hero". Voice of Journalist. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
17. ^ "Sarabjit Singh: Indian 'spy' dies after Pakistan attack". BBC News. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

* v
* t
* e

Indian diaspora

Africa|

| Southeast|

* Kenya
* Madagascar
* Mauritius
* Bihari
* Tamil
* Mozambique
* Réunion1 (Malbars)
* Seychelles
* Tamil
* Tanzania
* Uganda
* Zambia

|

Elsewhere|

* Botswana
* Egypt
* Ghana
* South Africa (Tamil)
* Zimbabwe

Americas|

| Caribbean|

* Barbados
* Belize
* Dominican Republic
* French Guiana2
* Grenada
* Guadeloupe2
* Guyana
* Haiti (Marabou)
* Jamaica
* Martinique2
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* U.S. Virgin Islands

|

North America|

* Canada
* Anglo-Indian
* Punjabi
* Sindhi
* Tamil
* British Columbia
* Vancouver
* Toronto
* Mexico
* Panama
* United States
* by location
* Bengali
* Indo-Caribbean
* Gujarati
* Malayali
* Punjabi
* Punjabi Mexican
* Sindhi
* Tamil
* Telugu

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Peru
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

| South|

* Afghanistan
* Punjabi
* Bangladesh
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Sri Lanka
* Bharatha
* Chetty
* Tamil
* Telugu

|

Southeast|

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* Indonesia
* Klingalese
* Mardijker
* Tamil
* Malaysia
* Chitty
* Gujarati
* Jawi Peranakan
* Malayali
* Punjabi
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Penang
* Sabah
* Myanmar
* Mizo
* Tamil
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Chitty
* Tamil
* Thailand
* Vietnam

East|

* China
* Hong Kong
* Japan
* Korea
* Taiwan

West|

* Bahrain
* Iran
* Israel
* Jews
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates

Europe|

| Eastern|

* Poland
* Russia

|

Northern|

* Finland
* Sweden

Southern|

* Cyprus
* Italy
* Tamil
* Malta
* Portugal
* Spain

Western|

* France
* Tamil
* Germany
* Tamil
* Ireland
* Netherlands
* Switzerland
* Tamil
* United Kingdom
* London
* Indo-Caribbean
* Gujarati
* Punjabi
* Sindhi
* Tamil

Oceania|

* Australia
* Malayali
* Punjabi
* Tamil
* Sindhi
* Fiji
* Gujarati
* South Indian
* New Caledonia3
* New Zealand
* Maori-Indian
* Punjabi
* Tamil

See also|

| Ethnic diasporas|

* Bengali Hindu
* Gujarati
* Kashmiri
* Mirpuri
* Mizo
* Odia
* Punjabi (Sikhs)
* Romani
* Sindhi
* South Indians
* Malayalis
* In the Gulf
* Tamils
* Telugus
* Anglo-Indian
* Chindians

|

Other related articles|

* South Asian diaspora
* Desi
* Little India
* Non-Resident Indian Award
* Non-Resident Indian Day

* 1 An overseas department of France in the southwest Indian Ocean
* 2Overseas departments of France in the Americas
* 3A sui generis collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean

* v
* t
* e

Immigration to Pakistan

Africa|

* Afro-Pakistanis
* Arabs
* Somalis

Americas|

* Americans
* Canadians

Asia|

| Central Asia|

* Afghans
* Kyrgyz
* Tajiks
* Turkmen
* Uzbeks

|

South Asia|

* Bangladeshis
* Indians
* Maldivians
* Nepalis
* Tamils

West Asia|

* Arabs
* Palestinians
* Yemenis
* Armenians
* Iranians
* Kurds
* Turkish

Rest of Asia|

* Burmese
* Rohingyas
* Chinese
* Uyghurs
* Filipinos
* Indonesians

Europe|

* British
* French
* Germans
* Polish
* Portuguese
* Russians

Oceania|

* Australians

* v
* t
* e

India–Pakistan relations

Diplomatic posts|

* High Commission of India, Islamabad
* High commissioners of India to Pakistan
* High Commission of Pakistan, New Delhi

Diplomacy|

* Karachi Agreement
* Jinnah–Mountbatten talks
* Liaquat–Nehru Pact
* Evacuee Trust Property Board
* Indus Waters Treaty
* Permanent Indus Commission
* Tashkent Declaration
* Simla Agreement
* Delhi Agreement
* Protocol on Visits to Religious Shrines 1974
* Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement
* Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline
* Lahore Declaration
* Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline
* Agra Summit
* Indo-Pak Joint Judicial Committee
* India–Pakistan maritime trespassing
* Sir Creek
* Mahavir/Sadqi International Parade Ground

Conflicts|

* Partition of India
* Kashmir conflict
* Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir
* Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
* Annexation of Junagadh
* Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
* Insurgency in Balochistan
* Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
* Operation Gibraltar
* Custodian for Enemy Property for India
* Bangladesh Liberation War
* Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
* Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
* Islamabad–New Delhi hotline
* POWs
* Line of Control
* NJ9842
* Siachen conflict
* Operation Tupac
* Kargil War
* Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
* Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir
* 2008 Kashmir unrest
* 2010 Kashmir unrest
* 2016–2017 Kashmir unrest
* 2019–2021 lockdown
* Inter-Services Intelligence activities in India
* 2025 conflict

Incidents|

* 1947 Amritsar train massacre
* Indo-Pakistani water dispute of 1948
* Sino-Pakistan Agreement
* Trans-Karakoram Tract
* 1959 Canberra shootdown
* 1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
* Kashmir Singh
* Samba spy scandal
* Indian Airlines Flight 423
* Ravindra Kaushik
* Pan Am Flight 73
* Operation Brasstacks
* Sarabjit Singh
* Sanaullah Haq
* 1992 India–Pakistan floods
* 1999 Pakistani Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
* Beheading of Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar
* 2001 Indian Parliament attack
* 2001–2002 standoff
* 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings
* 2008 Mumbai attacks
* 2008 military standoff
* 2011 border skirmishes
* Khaleel Chishty
* 2013 border skirmishes
* 2014–2015 border skirmishes
* 2014 India–Pakistan floods
* 2014 Wagah border suicide attack
* Kulbhushan Jadhav
* 2016 Pathankot attack
* 2016 Uri attack
* 2016 Indian Line of Control strike
* 2016–2018 border skirmishes
* 2019 Pulwama attack
* 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
* 2019 Balakot airstrike
* 2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes
* Media coverage
* 2020–2021 skirmishes
* 2021 Lahore bombing
* 2022 missile incident
* 2023 border skirmishes
* 2025 Pahalgam attack
* 2025 crisis
* 2025 conflict

Other military issues|

* Nuclear arms race
* India and weapons of mass destruction
* Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
* Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
* Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
* Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts
* New Concept of War Fighting
* Cold Start

Related|

* Jinnah House
* Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project
* Foodistan
* Border
* Wagah-Attari
* Attari–Wagah border ceremony
* Ganda Singh Wala-Hussainiwala
* Kartarpur Corridor
* Transport
* Delhi–Lahore Bus
* Jammu–Sialkot line
* Poonch-Rawalakot Bus
* Samjhauta Express
* Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus
* Thar Express
* Sind Mail
* Immigration
* Indians in Pakistan
* Pakistanis in India
* Illegal immigration to India
* East Bengali refugees
* Sports rivalries
* Cricket
* Field hockey
* Reconciliation
* Aaghaz-e-Dosti
* Aman ki Asha
* Indian reunification
* India–Pakistan Confederation
* Akhand Bharat
* Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy Inspiration: Aman Ki Aasha tour
* Controversies
* Anti-Indian sentiment
* Anti-Pakistan sentiment
* Hindi–Urdu controversy
* Pakistani textbooks controversy

Category:India–Pakistan relations
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