Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals

Islamic organization in Indonesia

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Indonesian Association Of Muslim IntellectualsAbbreviation| ICMI

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Formation| December 7, 1990; 33 years ago (1990-12-07)
Founder| B.J. Habibie
Type| Non-governmental organization
Website| icmi.id

The Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals (Indonesian: Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia, ICMI) is a Muslim organization in Indonesia. Founded in 1990 by Indonesian Secretary of Research and Technology B. J. Habibie, the organisation is committed to fight against poverty and improve education in Indonesia.

## History

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While most Indonesia Muslim politicians had supported the deposing of the Sukarno regime and the suppression of the Communist Party of Indonesia by Indonesian army chief Suharto between 1965 and 1968, Suharto soon began to suppress Indonesia Muslim political activities. Suharto pursued a secular system of government, which along with the high-level appointment of Catholics and patronage of the ethnic Chinese community, led to some Indonesia Muslim political groups becoming opposed to the Suharto regime.

In the early 1990s, Suharto moved his public identity and government considerably towards Islam. Adopting the name Haji Mohammad Suharto, he undertook a hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 1991. In the prior year, Suharto had permitted the formation of the Indonesian Association of Indonesia Muslim Intellectuals under the influence of Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, a close adviser and then-minister of technology and research. As opposed to traditional Islamic organizations in Indonesia such as the Nahdatul Ulama (NU), ICMI supported Suharto's regime in turn for considerable influence in policy-making and administration.

By 1994, ICMI had grown considerably, boasting as many as 20,000 members, who were largely Indonesia Muslim professionals, scientists, economists, educators and scholars. Habibie (who became Suharto's vice-president in 1998) served as ICMI's president while Indonesia Muslim scholars and political activists such as Imaduddin (who had been imprisoned by the Suharto regime in 1979) helped organize the body. Another prominent member was Amien Rais who would later become a major opponent of the Suharto regime and chief of Muhammadiyah, reputedly the second-largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. While highly-influential during the Suharto era, ICMI lacked a grassroots organisation, public appeal or popular support. Consisting of elite intellectuals, ICMI's influence grew mainly with the patronage of Suharto and his political party, Golkar.

## Influence in the Suharto regime

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Under the patronage of B. J. Habibie, ICMI activists infiltrated the central government, being appointed to important posts within the civil service and central ministries. Opposed to the widespread economic and political influence of the Catholic and ethnic Chinese community, ICMI-affiliated officials ended government schemes that were seen as being mainly beneficial to Catholics and Chinese Indonesians. ICMI advocated the domination of Muslims in the ranks of government, civil services, police and military, industries and commerce and the relegation of ethnic and religious minorities to inferior ranks. ICMI also advocated the introduction of Sharia into the Indonesian legal and political system and oversaw the establishment of Islamic courts, an Islamic bank Bank Muamalat, and an Islamic-oriented media Republika.

## Criticism

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ICMI in the past was criticized as being a lobby group used by Suharto's unpopular regime to shore up political support from Indonesia Muslims. It was also seen as devoted to the political advancement of B. J. Habibie, who was widely seen as the potential successor to Suharto. Its high-level involvement in the government was also criticized by mass Indonesia Muslim groups such as the NU and the Islamic Association of University Students (HMI) as being more concerned with political power than the advancement of Islamic objectives. ICMI's ranks were believed to be infiltrated by Islamists who sought to exercise political power through the Suharto regime and consequently it aroused considerable opposition amongst secular Indonesians and non-Indonesian Muslims.

## Further reading

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* V. S. Naipaul, Beyond Belief: Amongst the Converted Peoples, 1998

## External links

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* (in Indonesian) Official website
* Islam's Struggle for Power
* Genealogies of Islamic radicalism in post-Suharto Indonesia

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* t
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Islam in Indonesia

Branches|

* Shia Islam
* Ahmadiyya
* Kejawèn
* Old divisions
* Abangan
* Priyayi
* Santri

Major figures|

| Classic era|

* Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari [id]
* Nawawi al-Bantani [id]
* Hamzah Fansuri
* Yusuf al-Makassari
* Malikussaleh
* Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
* Abdullah al-Misri
* Padri
* Tuanku Imam Bonjol
* Tuanku Rao
* Tuanku Tambusai
* Abdus Samad al-Palimbani [id]
* Wali Sanga
* Sunan Ampel
* Sunan Bonang
* Sunan Drajat
* Sunan Giri
* Sunan Gunung Jati
* Maulana Malik Ibrahim
* Sunan Kalijaga
* Sunan Kudus
* Sunan Murya
* Abdurrauf Singkil
* Ali Mughayat Syah
* Tuanku Nan Tuo
* Burhanuddin Ulakan
* Usman bin Yahya

|

National
Awakening era|

* Abdullah Ahmad
* Abdul Karim Amrullah
* Hasyim Asy'ari
* Ahmad Dahlan
* Tahir bin Jalaluddin
* Muhammad Jamil Jambek
* Mas Mansoer
* Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
* Haji Misbach
* Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
* Mohammad Roem
* Rasuna Said
* Agus Salim
* Tjokroaminoto

Post-
independence|

* Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
* Azyumardi Azra
* Abu Bakar Bashir
* Idham Chalid
* Djohan Effendi
* Abdullah Gymnastiar
* Hamka
* Wahid Hasyim
* Kartosoewirjo
* Nurcholish Madjid
* Harun Nasution
* Mohammad Natsir
* Amien Rais
* Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
* Quraish Shihab
* Ma'ruf Amin
* Said Aqil Siradj
* Abdul Somad
* Abdurrahman Wahid
* Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya

Organizations|

| Civil society|

* Alkhairaat
* Campus Dakwah Institute
* Hidayatullah
* Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
* Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
* Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
* Indonesian Islamic Dawah Council
* Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
* Indonesian Ulema Council
* Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
* Islamic Defenders Front
* Liberal Islam Network
* Majelis Rasulullah
* Muhammadiyah
* Aisyiyah
* Muslim Students' Association
* Nahdlatul Ulama
* GP Ansor
* JATMAN
* Nahdlatul Wathan
* PERSIS
* PERTI
* Rabithah Alawiyah
* Sarekat Islam
* Sumatera Thawalib
* Wahdah Islamiyah

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Political parties|

* Crescent Star Party
* Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
* Masyumi Party
* National Awakening Party
* National Mandate Party
* Prosperous Justice Party
* Ummah Party
* United Development Party

Militia|

* Banser
* Darul Islam
* Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
* Jamaah Islamiyah
* Laskar Jihad
* Mujahidin Indonesia Timur

History|

| Pre-
independence|

* Spread of Islam in Indonesia
* Ottoman embassy to Aceh
* Wali Sanga
* Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
* Aceh Sultanate
* Demak Sultanate
* Kingdom of Kaimana
* Gowa Sultanate
* Malacca Sultanate
* Mataram Sultanate
* Samudera Pasai Sultanate
* Ternate Sultanate
* Tidore Sultanate
* Yogyakarta Sultanate
* Padri War

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Post-
independence|

* Jakarta Charter
* Petition of Fifty
* Tanjung Priok massacre
* Talangsari incident
* Insurgency in Aceh
* Maluku sectarian conflict
* Poso riots
* Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
* Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
* December 2016 Jakarta protests

Culture|

* Adat
* Architecture
* Bedug
* Tajug
* Babad Tanah Jawi
* Costumes
* Kupiah
* Songkok
* Sarong
* Hadroh
* Khaul [id]
* Kauman
* Lebaran
* Manakiban
* Maulid
* Mosques
* Istiqlal Mosque
* Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
* Qasidah
* Rebana
* Sholawatan
* Saman
* Sejarah Banten
* Sekaten
* Serak Gulo
* Slametan
* Suroan [id]
* Suronan [id]
* Tabligh Akbar
* Tabuik
* Tahlilan
* Takbiran [id]
* Tausiyah
* Tirakatan [id]
* Tombo Ati
* Wetu Telu
* Yaqowiyu
* Yasinan

Education|

* Al-Munir
* Iqro
* Jamiat Kheir
* Kitab kuning
* Kota santri
* Kyai
* LIPIA
* Pesantren
* Tafsir Al-Mishbah

Movements|

* Islam Nusantara
* Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
* Islamic criminal law in Aceh
* Jama’ah Tabligh
* Jemaah Tarbiyah
* Modernist
* Traditionalist

By region|

* Aceh
* West Sumatra
* East Java
* Central Sulawesi

* Mosques in Indonesia
* History of Indonesia
* National Heroes of Indonesia

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