Information Gathering Satellite

Japanese spy satellites

Information Gathering Satellite (情報収集衛星, Jōhō Shūshū Eisei) are the satellites of the Japanese spy satellite program. It was started as a response to the 1998 North Korean missile test over Japan. The satellite program's main mission is to provide early warning of impending hostile launches in the region. This program is under the direct control of the cabinet. All Information Gathering Satellites have been launched by H-IIA rockets from the Tanegashima Space Center.

## History

[edit]

On 28 March 2003, presumably partly in response to North Korea's launch of a Taepodong-1 missile over Japan in 1998, and partly to provide a source of satellite images other than through cooperation with the US, where the US charged roughly US$10,000 for each satellite image,[citation needed] Japan launched a radar and an optical spy satellite, officially known as IGS 1A and IGS 1B.[1] These satellites follow one another at 37-minute separation in a 492 km orbit, which passes over Pyongyang at 11:22 each day, according to observations collected on the satellite watching mailing list.[citation needed]

The program suffered a setback when Japan lost the second pair of satellites because of an H-IIA launch failure on 29 November 2003.[2]

Except the satellite which failed in launching, a second optical surveillance satellite IGS 3A was launched on 11 September 2006.[3]

A third optical satellite IGS 4A and a second radar satellite IGS 4B were launched on 24 February 2007. IGS 4A is a more advanced and experimental optical satellite.[4]

A fourth optical satellite IGS 5A was launched on 28 November 2009. This satellite has a higher resolution than the previous generations.[5]

Late March 2007, the first SAR satellite in the series, IGS 1B, suffered a critical power failure.[6]·[7] The satellite has since been observed to steadily come down and was clearly no longer under control.[8] An uncontrolled re-entry of this satellite occurred on 26 July 2012.[9] Since summer 2010, another of the SAR satellites, IGS 4B has also been unable to carry out its monitoring functions.[10]

On 9 February 2020, Japan launched IGS-Optical 7 reconnaissance satellite from the Tanegashima Space Center aboard an H-2A rocket. The launch had been delayed by 12-days due to a nitrogen leak, located within a system that provided conditioned air to the rocket, which was discovered sometime before the countdown to launch was aborted on 27 January. Following the discovery of the leak, the rocket was returned to its vertical assembly building, where it underwent repairs. Following the completion of the repairs, the rocket was rolled back out to Launch Pad No. 1 on 7 February, before the scheduled second launch attempt.[11]

## List of launches

[edit]

Launch Date (UTC) | NORAD Designation | Japanese Government Designation | Sensor Type | NORAD ID | International code | Status | Generation | Believed Resolution | Initial Orbital Parameter | Vehicle | Result

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28 March 2003 | IGS 1A | IGS-Optical 1 | Optical | 27698 | 2003-009A | Retired | 1st generation of optical | Panchromatic sensor:
About 1 m (mono)
Multi-spectral sensor:
About 5 m (color) | 486–491 km, 97.3°, 94.4 min | H2A 2024 | Success
IGS 1B | IGS-Radar 1 | SAR | 27699 | 2003-009B | Retired [6] | 1st generation of SAR | About 1~3 m
29 November 2003 | N/A | Nameless for launching failure | Optical | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1st generation of optical | Panchromatic sensor:
About 1 m (mono)
Multi-spectral sensor:
About 5 m (color) | N/A | H2A 2024 | Failure
N/A | Nameless for launching failure | SAR | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1st generation of SAR | About 1~3 m
11 September 2006 | IGS 3A | IGS-Optical 2 | Optical | 29393 | 2006-037A | Retired | 2nd generation of optical
(Improved type) | 1 m | 478–479 km, 97.4°, 94.2 min | H2A 202 | Success
24 February 2007 | IGS 4A | IGS-Optical 3V | Optical | 30586 | 2007-005A | Retired | 3rd generation of optical
(Largely improved type) | About 60 cm | 481–494 km, 97.2°, 94.4 min | H2A 2024 | Success
IGS 4B | IGS-Radar 2 | SAR | 30587 | 2007-005B | Retired [10] | 2nd generation of SAR
(Improved type) | 1 m
28 November 2009 | IGS 5A | IGS-Optical 3 | Optical | 36104 | 2009-066A | Retired [12] | 3rd generation of optical
(Largely improved type) | About 60 cm | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
22 September 2011 | IGS 6A | IGS-Optical 4 | Optical | 37813 | 2011-050A | Retired | 4th generation of optical | About 60 cm | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
12 December 2011 | IGS 7A | IGS-Radar 3 | SAR | 37954 | 2011-075A | Operational | 3rd generation of SAR | About 1 m | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
27 January 2013 | IGS 8A | IGS-Radar 4 | SAR | 39061 | 2013-002A | Operational | 3rd generation of SAR | About 1 m | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
IGS 8B | IGS-Optical 5V | Optical | 39062 | 2013-002B | Retired | 5th generation of optical | 40 cm
1 February 2015 | IGS 9A | IGS-Radar Spare | SAR | 40381 | 2015-004A | Operational | 3rd generation of SAR | About 1 m | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
26 March 2015 | IGS O-5 | IGS-Optical 5 | Optical | 40538 | 2015-015A | Operational | 5th generation of optical | 30 cm [13] or 40 cm [14] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
17 March 2017 | IGS R-5 | IGS-Radar 5 | SAR | 42072 | 2017-015A | Operational | 4th generation of SAR | 50 cm [15] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
27 February 2018 [16] | IGS O-6 | IGS-Optical 6 | Optical | 43223 | 2018-021A | Operational |  | 30 cm [17] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
12 June 2018 | IGS R-6 | IGS-Radar 6 | SAR | 43495 | 2018-052A | Operational |  | 50 cm [18] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
9 February 2020 [19] | IGS O-7 | IGS-Optical 7 | Optical | 45165 | 2020-009A | Operational |  | Higher performance than 30 cm [20] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
26 January 2023 [21] | IGS R-7 | IGS-Radar 7 | SAR | 55329 | 2023-012A | Operational |  | Higher performance than IGS R-6 [22] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success
12 January 2024[23] | IGS O-8 | IGS-Optical 8 | Optical |  |  | Testing |  | Higher performance than 25 cm [24] | Unknown | H2A 202 | Success

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Analysis: Japan's spy satellites". News article. BBC News. 28 March 2003. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
2. ^ "Japanese launch fails". News article. Spaceflight Now. 29 November 2003. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
3. ^ "Japan launches new spy satellite". News article. BBC News. 11 September 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
4. ^ "Japanese rocket puts spy spacecraft into orbit". News article. Spaceflight Now. 24 February 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
5. ^ "Japan launches spy satellite under veil of secrecy". News article. Spaceflight Now. 28 November 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
6. ^ a b "Japanese Spy Satellite Suffers Critical Power Failure". News article. SPACE WAR. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
7. ^ "Japanese Spy Satellite Suffers Critical Power Failure". News article. Space War. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
8. ^ "An Update on IGS 1B". SatTrackCam Leiden. 6 July 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
9. ^ "The re-entry of IGS 1B on 26 July 2012". SatTrackCam Leiden. 8 August 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
10. ^ a b "Govt to build backup intel satellite". News article. THE DAILY YOMIURI. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
11. ^ https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/09/h-2a-f41-launch/ \- 9 February 2020
12. ^ 情報収集衛星光学3号機の運用終了について (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat. 15 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
13. ^ 「北」監視能力の向上期待 情報収集衛星打ち上げ成功 Sankei 26 March 2015
14. ^ H2Aロケット28号機打ち上げ成功 情報収集衛星搭載 26 March 2015
15. ^ 情報収集衛星打ち上げ成功 物体識別能力は従来の約2倍、夜間監視力が向上 Sankei, 17 March 2017
16. ^ Japanese H-IIA launches IGS Optical 6 satellite. William Graham, NASASpaceflight. 26 February 2018.
17. ^ "情報収集衛星の打ち上げ成功 約30センチの高解像度、北朝鮮の監視強化へ". Sankei. 27 February 2018.
18. ^ "情報収集衛星レーダー6号機の打ち上げ成功 北朝鮮や中国の監視強化". Sankei. 12 June 2018.
19. ^ https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ \- 8 February 2020
20. ^ 情報収集衛星、打ち上げ成功 北朝鮮などを監視  Archived 9 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Sankei Shimbun. 9 February 2020.
21. ^ H-IIAロケット46号機による情報収集衛星レーダ7号機の打上げ結果について [Launch Results of Information Gathering Satellite Radar No. 7 by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 46] (in Japanese). Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
22. ^ 情報収集衛星に係る 平成30年度概算要求について Cabinet Secretariat.
23. ^ H-IIAロケット48号機による情報収集衛星光学8号機の打上げ結果について [About the launch results of information gathering satellite Optical No. 8 by H-IIA rocket No. 48] (in Japanese). Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
24. ^ "地上の車種も識別、新型情報衛星 21年度打ち上げへ". Nikkei. 13 October 2014.

## External links

[edit]

* "Lifting The Darkness On Japan's Next Spy Satellite", SpaceDaily, 27 November 2006.

* v
* t
* e

Earth reconnaissance satellites (excluding Russia and the United States)

China |

| IMINT|

* JSSW
* FSW-0
* FSW-1
* FSW-2
* FSW-3
* JB-6
* JB-9
* JB-10
* JB-11
* JB-12

|

SIGINT|

* JSSW-3
* SJ-2
* JB-8
* CX-5
* DQ-1

Radar IMINT|

* JB-5
* JB-7
* YG-29
* YG-33R

France |

| IMINT|

* Hélios IA & IB
* Hélios 2A & 2B
* Pléiades IA & IB
* Pléiades Neo 3 & 4
* CSO-1
* CSO-2

|

SIGINT|

* Cerise
* Clémentine
* Essaim
* Elisa
* CERES (× 3)

Germany |

| Radar IMINT|

* SAR-Lupe
* TerraSAR-X
* TanDEM-X

|

India |

| IMINT|

* Cartosat-1
* Cartosat-2
* Cartosat-2A
* Cartosat-2B
* Cartosat-2C
* Cartosat-2D
* Cartosat-2E
* Cartosat-2F
* Cartosat-3
* Microsat-R

|

Radar IMINT|

* RISAT-1
* RISAT-2
* RISAT-2B
* RISAT-2BR1
* RISAT-1A

SIGINT|

* EMISAT

Israel |

| IMINT|

* Ofeq-5
* Ofeq-7
* Ofeq-9

|

Radar IMINT|

* Ofeq-8 (TecSAR)
* Ofeq-10 (TecSAR 2)
* Ofeq-11

Italy |

| Radar IMINT|

* COSMO-SkyMed

|

Japan |

| IMINT|

* IGS 1A/B
* IGS 2A/B
* IGS 3A
* IGS 4A/B
* IGS 5A
* IGS 6A
* IGS 7A
* IGS 8A/B

|

South Korea |

| IMINT|

* ANASIS-II

|

Spain |

| Radar IMINT|

Paz

|

Turkey |

| IMINT|

* Göktürk-1
* Göktürk-2
* Göktürk-3

|

United Kingdom |

| IMINT|

* Carbonite-2

|

* v
* t
* e

Japanese space program

* Italics indicates projects in development.
* Symbol † indicates failed projects.
* ~~Strikethrough lines~~ indicate cancelled projects.

Space agencies

| National space agencies|

* JAXA
* former ISAS
* NAL
* NASDA
* NICT
* JSS

|

Joint development partners|

* United States NASA1
* ESA2
* Italy ASI3
* Canada CSA4
* Russia Roscosmos5
* Brazil AEB6
* INPE7
* India ISRO8

Astronomical observation

| Past|

* Akari
* ASCA
* ASTRO-E†
* ~~Astro-G~~
* CORSA†
* Ginga
* Hakucho
* HALCA
* Hinotori
* Hitomi†
* ~~SPICA~~
* Suzaku
* Tenma
* Yohkoh

|

Active|

* Hinode
* Hisaki
* XRISM1

Future|

* ATHENA2
* SOLAR-C1
* GREX-PLUS [ja]
* HiZ-GUNDAM [ja]
* LAPYUTA
* LiteBIRD
* Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope1
* Nano-JASMINE
* Small-JASMINE

Communications satellites, broadcasting satellites and satellite navigation systems

| Past|

* BS
* 2X
* 3H
* 3N
* Kakehashi
* Kirari
* Kizuna
* Kodama
* MBSat
* N-STAR
* a
* b
* Sakura (1
* 2a
* 2b
* 3a
* 3b)
* Yuri
* 1
* 2a
* 2b
* 3a
* 3b

|

Active|

* Kirameki
* 1
* 2
* Michibiki
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 1R
* MTSAT
* N-STAR
* c
* d
* JDRS

Future|

* DSN
* 3
* QZS
* 5
* 6
* 7

Earth observation

| Past|

* Akebono
* Daichi
* 1
* 3†
* Denpa
* Fuyo-1
* Jikiken
* Kyokko
* Midori
* I
* II
* Momo
* 1
* 1b
* Ohozora
* Taiyo
* TRMM1
* Ume
* 1
* b
* Geotail1

|

Active|

* Aqua1,7
* Arase
* ASNARO
* 1
* 2
* Daichi
* 2
* 4
* EarthCARE2
* GPM1
* Himawari
* Ibuki
* original
* 2
* Shikisai
* Shizuku

Future|

* GOSAT-GW
* PMM

Engineering tests

| Past|

* Ayame
* 1
* 2
* DASH
* EXPRESS
* IKAROS
* Jindai
* Kiku
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* LDREX
* 1
* 2
* LRE
* Micro LabSat-1
* Myojo
* Ohsumi
* Orizuru
* RAISE
* 2
* 3†
* ~~PETSAT~~
* RAPIS-1
* Ryusei
* SERVIS-1
* SERVIS-2
* SDS-1
* SFU
* Shinsei
* ~~SmartSat-1~~
* Tansei
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* Tasuki
* Tsubame
* Tsubasa
* USERS

|

Active|

* Ajisai
* Reimei
* SDS-4

Future|

* BEAK
* ETS-IX
* G-SATELLITE
* SERVIS-3

Human spaceflight

| Past|

* ~~Fuji crewed spacecraft~~
* ~~HOPE-X~~
* H-II Transfer Vehicle

|

Active|

* International Space Station (ISS) & Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)1,2,3,4,5,6

Future|

* HTV-X
* Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
* Lunar Gateway1,2,4

Space probes

| The Moon|

| Past|

* Hakuto-R Mission 1†
* Hiten
* ~~Lunar-A~~
* Kaguya (SELENE)
* OMOTENASHI†
* ~~SELENE-2~~

|

Active|

* EQUULEUS
* Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)

Future|

* Hakuto-R Mission 2
* HERACLES2,4
* Lunar Cruiser
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission8 (LUPEX)
* Yaoki

Others|

| Past|

* Hayabusa
* ~~Hayabusa Mk2~~
* Nozomi†
* PROCYON†
* Sakigake
* Shin'en†
* Suisei

|

Active|

* Akatsuki
* BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)2
* Hayabusa2
* Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer2

Future|

* Comet Interceptor2
* DESTINY+
* Dragonfly1
* Hera2
* MELOS
* Martian Moons eXploration
* Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return
* TEREX

Reconnaissance satellites

| Past|

* IGS-Optical
* 1
* 2
* Experimentally 3
* IGS-Radar
* 1
* 2

|

Active|

* IGS-Optical
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* Experimentally 5
* IGS-Radar
* 3
* 4
* Spare
* 5
* 6

Future|

* IGS-Optical
* 7
* 8
* IGS-Radar
* 7
* 8

Private small satellites

| Past|

* CosMoz
* CUTE
* 1.7+APD
* Fuji
* 1
* 2
* Hayato
* HIBARI
* HIT-SAT
* Kagayaki
* Kanta-kun (WEOS)
* Kūkai
* Maido-1
* Negai☆″
* Niwaka
* RAIKO
* Waseda-SAT2
* WE WISH

|

Active|

* CUTE
* 1
* 1.7+APDII
* Fuji-3
* Hitomi
* Hodoyoshi
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* Horyu
* 2
* Kiseki
* PROITERES
* Raijin
* Raijin-2
* SEEDS
* SOCRATES
* XI
* IV
* V

Future|

* DRUMS
* KITSUNE
* OPUSAT-II
* QSAT-EOS
* RSP-01
* SOMESAT
* SpaceTuna1
* SPROUT
* TSUBAME
* Wisseed Sat
* WNI satellite

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