International Numbering System for Food Additives

Naming system for food additives

The International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS) is an international naming system for food additives, aimed at providing a short designation of what may be a lengthy actual name.[1] It is defined by Codex Alimentarius, the international food standards organisation of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). The information is published in the document Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011. The INS is an open list, "subject to the inclusion of additional additives or removal of existing ones on an ongoing basis".[1]

## Numbering system

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INS numbers consist of three or four digits, optionally followed by an alphabetical suffix to further characterize individual additives. On packaging in the European Union (EU), approved food additives are written with a prefix of E. An additive that appears in the INS does not automatically have a corresponding E number.[citation needed]

INS numbers are assigned by the committee to identify each food additive. INS numbers generally correspond to E numbers for the same compound, e.g. INS 102, Tartrazine, is also E102. INS numbers are not unique and, in fact, one number may be assigned to a group of similar compounds.

## List of INS numbers

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This section is missing information about many/most US approvals; animal feed-only approval (very common on E numbers); approvals that have been retracted + retraction years. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (May 2019)

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* Except where stated, the list of INS numbers and associated food additives is based on the most recent publication of the Codex Alimentarius,[2] Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011.
* E number and American approval flags are derived from other sources.
* In the table below, food additives approved for the EU are listed with an 'E',[3] and those approved for Australia and New Zealand with an 'A'.[4][5] and for the US with a U, even though the US does not use the INS numbering system.

INS #  | Approvals  | Names  | Type

|
|
|

|  |
100  | A  | E  | U  | curcumins | colour
100(i)  | A  | E  | U  | curcumin | colour (yellow and orange)
100(ii)  | A  | E  | U  | turmeric | colour (yellow and orange)
101  | A  | E  | U  | riboflavins |
101(i)  | A  | E  | U  | riboflavin, synthetic (vitamin B2)  | colour (yellow and orange)
101(ii)  | A  | E  |  | Riboflavin-5'-phosphate | colour (yellow and orange)
101(iii)  | A  | E  |  | riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis | colour (yellow and orange)
102  | A  | E  | U  | tartrazine | colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #5)
103  | A  |  |  | alkannin, chrysoine resorcinol | colour (red)
104  | A  | E  |  | Quinoline Yellow WS | colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: D&C Yellow #10)
107  |  | E  |  | Yellow 2G | colour (yellow and orange)
110  | A  | E  | U  | Sunset Yellow FCF | colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #6)
~~111~~ | ?  | E  |  | Orange GGN. Delisted  | colour (orange)
120  | A  | E  | U  | Cochineal, carmines | colour (red)
121  |  |  | U  | Citrus red 2, Orcein, Orchil | colour (red)
122  | A  | E  |  | azorubine, carmoisine | colour (red) (FDA: Ext D&C Red #10)
123  |  | E  |  | amaranth Delisted  | colour (red) (FDA: [DELISTED] Red #2)
124  | A  | E  |  | Brilliant Scarlet 4R, Ponceau 4R | colour (FDA: Ext D&C Red #8)
125  |  |  |  | Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN | colour
~~126~~ |  |  |  | Ponceau 6R. Delisted  | colour
127  |  | E  | U  | erythrosine | colour (red) (FDA: FD&C Red #3)
128  |  | E  |  | Red 2G | colour
129  | A  | E  | U  | Allura red AC | colour (FDA: FD&C Red #40)
130  |  |  | U  | Indanthrene blue RS | colour (blue)
131  |  | E  |  | Patent blue V | colour (blue)
132  | A  | E  | U  | indigo carmine, indigotine | colour (blue) (FDA: FD&C Blue #2)
133  | A  | E  | U  | Brilliant blue FCF | colour (FDA: FD&C Blue #1)
140  | A  | E  | U  | chlorophylls | colour (green)
141  | A  | E  | U  | Chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes  |
141(i)  |  |  | U  | Chlorophylls, copper complexes  | colour (green)
141(ii)  |  |  | U  | Chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts  | colour (green)
142  | A  | E  |  | Green S | colour (green)
143  | A  |  | U  | Fast green FCF | colour (FDA: FD&C Green #3)
150  | A  | E  | U  | Caramels |
150a  | A  | E  | U  | caramel I – plain  | colour (brown and black)
150b  | A  | E  | U  | caramel II – sulfite caramel  | colour (brown and black)
150c  | A  | E  | U  | caramel III – ammonia caramel  | colour (brown and black)
150d  | A  | E  | U  | caramel IV – sulfite ammonia caramel  | colour (brown and black)
151  | A  | E  |  | Brilliant Black BN (Black PN)  | colour (brown and black)
152  | ?  | ?  |  | Carbon black | colour (brown and black)
153  | A  | E  |  | Vegetable carbon | colour (brown and black)
154  |  | E  |  | Brown FK | colour (brown and black)
155  | A  | E  |  | Chocolate Brown HT | colour
160a  | A  | E  | U  | carotenes |
160a(i)  | A  | E  | U  | beta-carotene, synthetic  | colour
160a(ii)  | A  | E  | U  | beta-carotene, vegetable  | colour
160a(iii)  | A  | E  | U  | beta-carotene, Blakeslea trispora | colour
160a(iv)  | A  | E  | U  | beta-carotene, algae | colour
160b  |  | E  | U  | annatto extracts  |
160b(i)  |  | E  | U  | annatto extracts, bixin-based  | colour
160b(ii)  |  | E  | U  | annatto extracts, norbixin-based  | colour
160c  | A  | E  | U  | paprika oleoresin (paprika extract)  | colour
160d  | A  | E  | U  | lycopenes |
160d(i)  | A  | E  | U  | lycopene, synthetic  | colour
160d(ii)  | A  | E  | U  | lycopene, tomato  | colour
160d(iii)  | A  | E  | U  | lycopene, Blakeslea trispora | colour
160e  | A  | E  | U  | beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30)  | colour
160f  | A  | E  | U  | beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester | colour
161a  | A  |  | U  | flavoxanthin | colour
161b  | A  | E  | U  | luteins |
161b(i)  | A  | E  | U  | lutein from Tagetes erecta | colour
161b(ii)  | A  | E  | U  | Tagetes extract  | colour
161c  | A  |  | U  | kryptoxanthin | colour
161d  | A  |  | U  | rubixanthin | colour
161e  | A  |  | U  | violaxanthin | colour
161f  | A  |  | U  | rhodoxanthin | colour
161g  |  | E  | U  | canthaxanthin | colour
161h  | ?  | ?  | U  | zeaxanthins | colour
161h(i)  | ?  | ?  | U  | zeaxanthin, synthetic  | colour
161h(ii)  | ?  | ?  | U  | zeaxanthin-rich extract from Tagetes erecta | colour
~~161i~~ |  |  |  | citranaxanthin. Delisted  | colour
~~161j~~ |  |  |  | astaxanthin. Delisted  | colour
162  | A  | E  | U  | beet red | colour
163  | A  | E  | U  | anthocyanins | colour
163(ii)  | A  | E  | U  | Grape skin extract  | colour
163(iii)  | A  | E  | U  | Blackcurrant extract  | colour
163(iv)  | A  | E  | U  | Purple corn colour | colour
163(v)  | A  | E  | U  | Red cabbage colour  | colour
164  | A  |  | U  | Gardenia yellow
165  |  |  | U  | Gardenia blue  | colour
166  |  |  | U  | sandalwood | colour
170  |  | E  | U  | calcium carbonates |
170(i)  |  | E  | U  | calcium carbonate | Acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabilizer, surface colourant
170(ii)  |  | E  | U  | calcium hydrogen carbonate | Acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabilizer, surface colourant
171  | A  | E  | U  | titanium dioxide | colour (white)
172  | A  | E  | U  | iron oxides |
172(i)  | A  | E  | U  | iron oxide, black  | colour
172(ii)  | A  | E  | U  | iron oxide, red  | colour
172(iii)  | A  | E  | U  | iron oxide, yellow  | colour
173  |  | E  | U  | aluminium | colour (silver)
174  |  | E  | U  | silver | colour (silver)
175  |  | E  | U  | gold | colour (gold)
180  |  | E  |  | Lithol Rubine BK | colour
181  |  | E  | U  | tannins | colour, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener
182  |  |  | U  | orchil | colour
200  |  | E  | U  | sorbic acid | preservative
201  |  |  | U  | sodium sorbate | preservative
202  |  | E  | U  | potassium sorbate | preservative
203  |  | E  | U  | calcium sorbate | preservative
209  |  |  | U  | heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate | preservative
210  |  | E  | U  | benzoic acid | preservative
211  | A  | E  | U  | sodium benzoate | preservative
212  | A  | E  | U  | potassium benzoate | preservative
213  | A  | E  | U  | calcium benzoate | preservative
214  |  | E  | U  | ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative
215  |  | E  | U  | sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative
216  | A  |  | U  | propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate)  | preservative
217  |  |  | U  | sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative
218  | A  | E  | U  | methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate)  | preservative
219  |  | E  | U  | sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate | preservative
220  | A  | E  | U  | sulfur dioxide | preservative, antioxidant
221  | A  | E  | U  | sodium sulfite | preservative, antioxidant
222  | A  | E  | U  | sodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogen sulfite)  | preservative, antioxidant
223  | A  | E  | U  | sodium metabisulfite | preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agent
224  | A  | E  | U  | potassium metabisulfite | preservative, antioxidant
225  | A  |  | U  | potassium sulfite | preservative, antioxidant
226  |  | E  | U  | calcium sulfite | preservative, antioxidant
227  |  | E  | U  | calcium bisulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite | preservative, antioxidant
228  | A  | E  | U  | potassium bisulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite | preservative, antioxidant
230  |  | E  | U  | diphenyl (biphenyl)  | preservative
231  |  | E  | U  | orthophenyl phenol (2-hydroxybiphenyl)  | preservative
232  |  | E  | U  | sodium orthophenyl phenol | preservative
233  |  |  | U  | thiabendazole | preservative
234  | A  | E  | U  | nisin | preservative
235  | A  | E  | U  | natamycin (pimaricin)  | preservative
236  |  |  | U  | formic acid | preservative
237  |  |  | U  | sodium formate | preservative
238  |  |  | U  | calcium formate | preservative
239  |  | E  | U  | hexamethylene tetramine (hexamine)  | preservative
240  |  |  | U  | formaldehyde | preservative
241  |  |  | U  | gum guaicum | preservative
242  | A  | E  | U  | dimethyl dicarbonate | preservative
249  | A  | E  | U  | potassium nitrite | preservative, colour fixative
250  | A  | E  | U  | sodium nitrite | preservative, colour fixative
251  | A  | E  | U  | sodium nitrate | preservative, colour fixative
252  | A  |  | U  | potassium nitrate | preservative, colour fixative
260  | A  | E  | U  | glacial acetic acid | preservative, acidity regulator
261  | A  | E  | U  | potassium acetates | preservative, acidity regulator
262  | A  | E  | U  | sodium acetate, sodium hydrogen acetate | preservative, acidity regulator
263  | A  | E  | U  | calcium acetate | preservative, acidity regulator
264  | A  |  | U  | ammonium acetate | preservative, acidity regulator
265  |  |  | U  | dehydroacetic acid | preservative
266  |  |  | U  | sodium dehydroacetate | preservative
270  | A  | E  | U  | lactic acid | acidity regulator, preservative, antioxidant
280  | A  | E  | U  | propionic acid | preservative
281  | A  | E  | U  | sodium propionate | preservative
282  | A  | E  | U  | calcium propionate | preservative
283  | A  | E  | U  | potassium propionate | preservative
284  |  | E  | U  | boric acid | preservative
285  |  | E  | U  | sodium tetraborate, borax | preservative
290  | A  | E  | U  | carbon dioxide | acidity regulator, propellant
296  | A  | E  | U  | malic acid | acidity regulator
297  | A  | E  | U  | fumaric acid | acidity regulator
300  | A  | E  | U  | ascorbic acid | antioxidant (water-soluble)
301  | A  | E  | U  | sodium ascorbate | antioxidant (water-soluble)
302  | A  | E  | U  | calcium ascorbate | antioxidant (water-soluble)
303  | A  |  | U  | potassium ascorbate | antioxidant (water-soluble)
304  | A  | E  | U  | ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate | antioxidant (fat soluble)
307  | A  | E  | U  | tocopherols |
307a  | A  | E  | U  | l-alpha-tocopherol | antioxidant
307b  | A  | E  | U  | mixed tocopherol concentrate  | antioxidant
307c  | A  | E  | U  | dl-alpha-tocopherol | antioxidant
308  | A  | E  | U  | gamma-tocopherol(synthetic)  | antioxidant
309  | A  | E  | U  | delta-tocopherol(synthetic)  | antioxidant
310  | A  | E  | U  | propyl gallate | antioxidant
311  | A  | E  | U  | octyl gallate | antioxidant
312  | A  | E  | U  | dodecyl gallate | antioxidant
315  | A  | E  | U  | erythorbic acid | antioxidant
316  | A  | E  | U  | sodium erythorbate | antioxidant
317  | ?  | ?  | U  | erythorbin acid[citation needed] | antioxidant
318  | ?  | ?  | U  | sodium erythorbin[citation needed] | antioxidant
319  | A  |  | U  | tert-butylhydroquinone | antioxidant
320  | A  | E  | U  | butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)  | antioxidant (fat soluble)
321  | A  | E  | U  | butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)  | antioxidant (fat soluble)
322  | A  | E  | U  | lecithins | antioxidant, emulsifier
325  | A  | E  | U  | sodium lactate | food acid
326  | A  | E  | U  | potassium lactate | food acid
327  | A  | E  | U  | calcium lactate | food acid
328  | A  |  | U  | ammonium lactate | food acid
329  | A  |  | U  | magnesium lactate | food acid
330  | A  | E  | U  | citric acid | food acid
331  | A  | E  | U  | sodium citrates | food acid
332  | A  | E  | U  | potassium citrates | food acid
333  | A  | E  | U  | calcium citrates | food acid, firming agent
334  | A  | E  | U  | L(+)-tartaric acid | food acid
335  | A  | E  | U  | sodium tartrates | food acid
336  | A  | E  | U  | potassium tartrates | food acid
337  | A  | E  | U  | potassium sodium tartrate | food acid
338  | A  | E  | U  | phosphoric acid | food acid
339  | A  | E  | U  | sodium phosphates | mineral salt
340  | A  | E  | U  | potassium phosphates | mineral salt
341  | A  | E  | U  | calcium phosphates | mineral salt, anti-caking agent, firming agent
342  | A  |  | U  | ammonium phosphates | mineral salt
343  | A  | E  | U  | magnesium phosphates | mineral salt, anti-caking agent
344  |  |  | U  | lecithin citrate | preservative
345  |  |  | U  | magnesium citrate | acidity regulator
349  | A  |  | U  | ammonium malate | food acid
350  | A  | E  | U  | sodium malates | food acid
351  | A  | E  | U  | potassium malate | food acid
352  | A  | E  | U  | calcium malates | food acid
353  | A  | E  | U  | metatartaric acid | food acid, emulsifier
354  | A  | E  | U  | calcium tartrate | food acid, emulsifier
355  | A  | E  | U  | adipic acid | food acid
356  |  | E  | U  | sodium adipate | food acid
357  | A  | E  | U  | potassium adipate | food acid
359  |  |  | U  | ammonium adipates | acidity regulator
363  |  | E  | U  | succinic acid | food acid
364  |  |  | U  | sodium succinates | acidity regulator, flavour enhancer
365  | A  |  | U  | sodium fumarate | food acid
366  | A  |  | U  | potassium fumarate | food acid
367  | A  |  | U  | calcium fumarate | food acid
368  | A  |  | U  | ammonium fumarate | food acid
370  |  |  | U  | 1,4-heptonolactone | food acid
375  | A  |  | U  | niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (vitamin B3)  | colour retention agent
380  | A  | E  | U  | triammonium citrate | food acid
381  | A  |  | U  | ferric ammonium citrate, ammonium ferrocitrate | food acid
384  |  |  | U  | isopropyl citrates | antioxidant, preservative
385  | A  | E  | U  | calcium disodium EDTA | preservative
386  |  |  | U  | disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate | antioxidant, preservative
387  |  |  | U  | oxystearin | antioxidant, sequestrant
388  |  |  | U  | thiodipropionic acid | antioxidant
389  |  |  | U  | dilauryl thiodipropionate | antioxidant
390  |  |  | U  | distearyl thiodipropionate | antioxidant
391  |  |  | U  | phytic acid | preservative
399  |  |  | U  | calcium lactobionate | stabilizer
400  | A  | E  | U  | alginic acid | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
401  | A  | E  | U  | sodium alginate | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
402  | A  | E  | U  | potassium alginate | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
403  | A  | E  | U  | ammonium alginate | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
404  | A  | E  | U  | calcium alginate | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
405  | A  | E  | U  | propylene glycol alginate, propane-1,2-diol alginate | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
406  | A  | E  | U  | agar | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent
407  | A  | E  | U  | carrageenan | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
407a  | A  | E  | U  | processed eucheuma seaweed  | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
409  | A  |  | U  | arabinogalactan | thickener, vegetable gum
410  | A  | E  | U  | locust bean gum | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifier
412  | A  | E  | U  | guar gum | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer
413  | A  | E  | U  | tragacanth | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
414  | A  | E  | U  | gum acacia, gum arabic | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
415  | A  | E  | U  | xanthan gum | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer
416  | A  | E  | U  | karaya gum | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
417  |  | E  | U  | tara gum | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer
418  | A  | E  | U  | gellan gum | thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, emulsifier
420  | A  | E  | U  | sorbitol | humectant, emulsifier, sweetener
421  | A  | E  | U  | mannitol | humectant, anti-caking agent, sweetener
422  | A  | E  | U  | glycerin | humectant, sweetener
425  |  | E  | U  | konjac, konjac gum, konjac glucomannate | thickener, vegetable gum
428  | A  | E  | U  | gelatin, gelatine (not classified as an additive)  | carrier, emulsifier, gelling agent, stabiliser, thickener
430  |  | ?  | U  | polyoxyethylene (8) stearate | emulsifier, stabilizer
431  |  | E  | U  | polyoxyethylene (40) stearate | emulsifier
432  |  | E  | U  | polysorbate 20 | emulsifier
433  | A  | E  | U  | polysorbate 80 | emulsifier
434  |  | E  | U  | polysorbate 40 | emulsifier
435  | A  | E  | U  | polysorbate 60 | emulsifier
436  | A  | E  | U  | polysorbate 65 | emulsifier
440  | A  | E  | U  | pectin | vegetable gum, emulsifier
441  |  |  | U  | Superglycerinated hydrogenated rapeseed oil, Hydrogenated rapeseed oil superglycerinated, Superglycerinated fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil  | Emulsifier
442  | A  | E  | U  | Mixed ammonium salts of phosphorylated glyceridess | emulsifier
443  | ?  |  | U  | brominated vegetable oil | emulsifier, stabiliser
444  | A  | E  | U  | sucrose acetate isobutyrate | emulsifier, stabiliser
445  |  | E  | U  | glycerol esters of wood rosins | emulsifier
450  | A  | E  | U  | diphosphates | mineral salt, emulsifier
451  | A  | E  | U  | triphosphates | mineral salt, emulsifier
452  | A  | E  | U  | polyphosphates | mineral salt, emulsifier
459  |  | E  | U  | beta-cyclodextrin | emulsifier
460  | A  | E  | U  | powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose  | anti-caking agent
461  | A  | E  | U  | methylcellulose | thickener, emulsifier, vegetable gum
463  |  | E  | U  | hydroxypropyl cellulose | thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
464  | A  | E  | U  | hydroxypropyl methylcellulose | thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
465  | A  | E  | U  | methyl ethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose | thickener, vegetable gum, emulsifier
466  | A  | E  | U  | sodium carboxymethylcellulose | emulsifier
468  |  |  | U  | crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose | emulsifier
469  |  |  | U  | enzymatically hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose | emulsifier
470  | A  |  | U  | magnesium stearate | emulsifier, stabiliser
470a  |  | E  | U  | sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids  | emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
470b  |  | E  | U  | magnesium salts of fatty acids  | emulsifier, stabiliser, anti-caking agent
471  | A  | E  | U  | mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids – glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate | emulsifier
472a  | A  | E  | U  | acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids  | emulsifier
472b  | A  | E  | U  | lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids  | emulsifier
472c  | A  | E  | U  | citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids  | emulsifier
472d  | A  | E  | U  | tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids  | emulsifier
472e  | A  | E  | U  | diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier
472f  |  | E  | U  | mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids  | emulsifier
473  | A  | E  | U  | sucrose esters of fatty acids | emulsifier
474  |  | E  | U  | sucroglycerides | emulsifier
475  | A  | E  | U  | polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | emulsifier
476  | A  | E  | U  | polyglycerol polyricinoleate | emulsifier
477  | A  | E  | U  | propylene glycol esters of fatty acids | emulsifier
478  | ?  | ?  | U  | lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propylene glycol | emulsifier
479b  |  | E  | U  | thermally oxidised soya bean oil | emulsifier
480  | A  |  | U  | dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate | emulsifier
481  | A  | E  | U  | sodium stearoyl lactylate | emulsifier
482  | A  | E  | U  | calcium stearoyl lactylate | emulsifier
483  |  | E  | U  | stearyl tartarate | emulsifier
491  | A  | E  | U  | sorbitan monostearate | emulsifier
492  | A  | E  | U  | sorbitan tristearate | emulsifier
493  |  | E  | U  | sorbitan monolaurate | emulsifier
494  |  | E  | U  | sorbitan monooleate | emulsifier
495  |  | E  | U  | sorbitan monopalmitate | emulsifier
500  | A  | E  | U  | sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate (E500ii) | mineral salt
501  | A  | E  | U  | potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate | mineral salt
503  | A  | E  | U  | ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate | mineral salt
504  | A  | E  | U  | magnesium carbonate | anti-caking agent, mineral salt
507  | A  | E  | U  | hydrochloric acid | acidity regulator
508  | A  | E  | U  | potassium chloride | mineral salt
509  | A  | E  | U  | calcium chloride | mineral salt
510  | A  |  | U  | ammonium chloride | mineral salt
511  | A  | E  | U  | magnesium chloride | mineral salt
512  | A  | E  | U  | stannous chloride | colour retention agent, antioxidant
513  |  | E  | U  | sulfuric acid | acidity regulator
514  | A  | E  | U  | sodium sulfate | mineral salt
515  | A  | E  | U  | potassium sulfate | mineral salt, seasoning
516  | A  | E  | U  | calcium sulfate | flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent
517  |  | E  | U  | ammonium sulfate | mineral salt, improving agent
518  | A  |  | U  | magnesium sulfate, Epsom salts | mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agent
519  | A  |  | U  | cupric sulfate | mineral salt
520  |  | E  | U  | aluminium sulfate | mineral salt
521  |  | E  | U  | aluminium sodium sulfate | mineral salt
522  |  | E  | U  | aluminium potassium sulfate | mineral salt
523  |  | E  | U  | aluminium ammonium sulfate | mineral salt
524  |  | E  | U  | sodium hydroxide | mineral salt
525  |  | E  | U  | potassium hydroxide | mineral salt
526  | A  | E  | U  | calcium hydroxide | mineral salt
527  |  | E  | U  | ammonium hydroxide | mineral salt
528  |  | E  | U  | magnesium hydroxide | mineral salt
529  | A  | E  | U  | calcium oxide | mineral salt
530  |  | E  | U  | magnesium oxide | anti-caking agent
535  | A  | E  | U  | sodium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent
536  | A  | E  | U  | potassium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent
538  |  | E  | U  | calcium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent
540  |  |  | U  | dicalcium diphosphate | anti-caking agent
541  | A  | E  | U  | sodium aluminium phosphate | acidity regulator, emulsifier
542  | A  |  | U  | bone phosphate | anti-caking agent
544  |  |  | U  | calcium polyphosphates | anti-caking agent
545  |  |  | U  | ammonium polyphosphates | anti-caking agent
551  | A  | E  | U  | silicon dioxide | anti-caking agent
552  | A  | E  | U  | calcium silicate | anti-caking agent
553(i)[6] | A[7] | E[8] | U  | magnesium silicate, synthetic[6] | anti-caking agent
553b  | A  | E  | U  | talc | anti-caking agent
554  | A  | E  | U  | sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate)  | anti-caking agent
555  |  | E  | U  | potassium aluminium silicate | anti-caking agent
556  | A  | E  | U  | calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate)  | anti-caking agent
558  | A  | E  | U  | bentonite | anti-caking agent
559  | A  | E  | U  | kaolin, aluminium silicate | anti-caking agent
570  | A  | E  | U  | stearic acid | anti-caking agent
575  | A  | E  | U  | glucono delta-lactone | acidity regulator
576  |  | E  | U  | sodium gluconate | stabiliser
577  | A  | E  | U  | potassium gluconate | stabiliser
578  | A  | E  | U  | calcium gluconate | acidity regulator
579  | A  | E  | U  | ferrous gluconate | colour retention agent
585  |  | E  | U  | ferrous lactate |
620  | A  | E  | U  | glutamic acid | flavour enhancer
621  | A  | E  | U  | monosodium glutamate (MSG)  | flavour enhancer
622  | A  | E  | U  | monopotassium glutamate | flavour enhancer
623  | A  | E  | U  | calcium diglutamate | flavour enhancer
624  | A  | E  | U  | monoammonium glutamate | flavour enhancer
625  | A  | E  | U  | magnesium diglutamate | flavour enhancer
626  |  |  | U  | guanylic acid | flavour enhancer
627  | A  | E  | U  | disodium guanylate | flavour enhancer
628  |  | E  | U  | dipotassium guanylate | flavour enhancer
629  |  | E  | U  | calcium guanylate | flavour enhancer
630  |  | E  | U  | inosinic acid | flavour enhancer
631  | A  | E  | U  | disodium inosinate | flavour enhancer
632  |  | E  | U  | dipotassium inosinate | flavour enhancer
633  |  | E  | U  | calcium inosinate | flavour enhancer
634  |  | E  | U  | calcium 5'-ribonucleotides | flavour enhancer
635  | A  | E  | U  | disodium 5'-ribonucleotides | flavour enhancer
636  | A  |  | U  | maltol | flavour enhancer
637  | A  |  | U  | ethyl maltol | flavour enhancer
640  | A  | E  | U  | glycine | flavour enhancer
641  | A  |  | U  | leucine | flavour enhancer
650  |  | E  | U  | zinc acetate | flavour enhancer
900  | A  | E  | U  | dimethylpolysiloxane | emulsifier, anti-caking agent
901  | A  | E  | U  | beeswax | glazing agent
902  |  | E  | U  | candelilla wax | glazing agent
903  | A  | E  | U  | carnauba wax | glazing agent
904  | A  | E  | U  | shellac | glazing agent
905  | A  | E  | U  | paraffins | glazing agent
907  |  |  | U  | refined microcrystalline wax | glazing agent
912  |  | E  | U  | montanic acid esters | humectant
914  | A  | E  | U  | oxidised polyethylene wax | humectant
920  | A  | E  | U  | L-cysteine | flour treatment agent
924  |  |  |  | potassium bromate | flour treatment agent
925  | A  |  | U  | chlorine | flour treatment agent
926  | A  |  | U  | chlorine dioxide | flour treatment agent
927b  |  | E  | U  | carbamide | flour treatment agent
928  | A  |  | U  | benzoyl peroxide | flour treatment agent
938  |  | E  | U  | argon | propellant
939  |  | E  | U  | helium | propellant
941  | A  | E  | U  | nitrogen | propellant
942  | A  | E  | U  | nitrous oxide | propellant
943a  |  | E  | U  | butane | propellant
943b  |  | E  | U  | isobutane | propellant
950  | A  | E  | U  | Acesulfame potassium | artificial sweetener
951  | A  | E  | U  | aspartame | artificial sweetener
952  | A  | E  |  | cyclamic acid, cyclamates | artificial sweetener
953  | A  | E  | U  | isomalt | humectant
954  | A  | E  | U  | saccharin | artificial sweetener
955  | A  |  | U  | sucralose | artificial sweetener
956  | A  |  | U  | alitame | artificial sweetener
957  | A  | E  | U  | thaumatin | flavour enhancer, artificial sweetener
959  |  | E  | U  | neohesperidin dihydrochalcone | artificial sweetener
965  | A  | E  | U  | maltitol | humectant, stabiliser
966  | A  | E  | U  | lactitol | humectant
967  | A  | E  | U  | xylitol | humectant, stabiliser
999  |  | E  | U  | quillaia extract  | humectant
1001  | A  |  | U  | choline salts and esters  | emulsifier
1100  | A  |  | U  | amylases | flour treatment agent
1102  | A  |  | U  | glucose oxidase | antioxidant
1103  |  | E  | U  | invertase | ?
1104  | A  |  | U  | lipases | flavour enhancer
1105  | A  | E  | U  | lysozyme | preservative
1200  | A  | E  | U  | polydextrose | humectant
1201  | A  | E  | U  | poly vinyl pyrrolidone | ?
1202  | A  | E  | U  | polyvinylpolypyrrolidone | colour stabiliser
1400  | A  |  | U  | dextrin roasted starch  | thickener, vegetable gum
1401  | A  |  | U  | acid treated starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1402  | A  |  | U  | alkaline treated starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1403  | A  |  | U  | bleached starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1404  | A  | E  | U  | oxidised starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1405  | A  |  | U  | enzyme treated starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1410  | A  | E  | U  | monostarch phosphate | thickener, vegetable gum
1412  | A  | E  | U  | distarch phosphate | thickener, vegetable gum
1413  | A  | E  | U  | phosphated distarch phosphate | thickener, vegetable gum
1414  | A  | E  | U  | acetylated distarch phosphate | thickener, vegetable gum
1420  | A  | E  | U  | acetylated starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1422  | A  | E  | U  | acetylated distarch adipate | thickener, vegetable gum
1440  | A  | E  | U  | hydroxypropyl starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1442  | A  | E  | U  | hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate | thickener, vegetable gum
1450  | A  | E  | U  | starch sodium octenylsuccinate | thickener, vegetable gum
1451  |  | E  | U  | acetylated oxidised starch | thickener, vegetable gum
1505  | A  | E  | U  | triethyl citrate | thickener, vegetable gum
1510  |  |  |  | ethanol (not classified as an additive)  | alcohol
1518  | A  | E  | U  | triacetin | humectant
1520  | A  | E  | U  | propylene glycol | humectant
1521  | A  | E  | U  | Polyethylene glycol[citation needed] | antifoaming agent
INS #  | Approvals  | Names  | Type

|  |

## See also

[edit]

* Food portal

* Codex Alimentarius
* Codex Alimentarius Austriacus
* E number
* Food Additives
* Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
* Food Chemicals Codex
* List of food additives

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives", CAC/GL 36-1989, in 1989, Revision 2008. Last amendment 2011. Published by Codex Alimentarius
2. ^ "CLASS NAMES AND THE INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES" (PDF). www.fao.org. Retrieved 2019-01-08.
3. ^ Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers
4. ^ Food Standards Australia data is wrong New Zealand (2009). "Food Additives — Numerical List". foodstandards.gov.au. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
5. ^ Food Standards Australia—New Zealand (2009). "Food additives — Alphabetical list". Australia: foodstandards.gov.au. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
6. ^ a b "Food Additives DB (GSFA Online) | CODEXALIMENTARIUS FAO-WHO".
7. ^ "Additives".
8. ^ "Food Additive Status List". FDA. 25 August 2022.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Codex Alimentarius Archived 2017-11-27 at the Wayback Machine
* Food Standards Australia New Zealand
* Food Additives and Ingredients Association
* Northern Allergy Centre's Guide to Food Additives
* USFDA: Food Color Facts