Internet of vehicles

Proposed Internet-like structure connecting road vehicles

Internet of vehicles (IoV) is a network of vehicles equipped with sensors, software, and the technologies that mediate between these with the aim of connecting & exchanging data over the Internet according to agreed standards.[1][2] IoV evolved from Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ("VANET", a category of mobile ad hoc network used for communication between vehicles and roadside systems),[3] and is expected to ultimately evolve into an "Internet of autonomous vehicles".[4] It is expected that IoV will be one of the enablers for an autonomous, connected, electric, and shared (ACES) Future Mobility.[5]

Road vehicles as a product category depend upon numerous technology categories from real-time analytics to commodity sensors and embedded systems. For these to operate in symphony the IoV ecosystem is dependent upon modern infrastructure and architectures that distribute computational burden across multiple processing units in a network.[6] In the consumer market, IoV technology is most typically referenced in discussions of smart cities and driverless cars.[7] Many of these architectures depend for their functionality upon open-source software & systems,[8] for instance Subaru whose vehicles' infotainment platform is able to detect a driver's wakefulness and sound an alarm to pull over for a rest.[9]

As with other internets connecting real user/consumer experiences with networks to which those user/consumers have no access or control, concerns abound as to risks inherent in the growth of IoV, especially in the areas of privacy and security, and consequently industry and governmental moves to address these concerns have begun including the development of international standards & methods of real-time analysis.[10] These are receiving attention from organisations including the Linux Foundation’s ELISA (Enabling Linux In Safety Applications), the connected vehicles initiative at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Connected Car Working Group at the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA).[8]

## See also

[edit]

* Artificial intelligence of things
* Automotive security
* Cyber-physical system
* Home automation
* Indoor positioning system
* Industry 4.0
* Internet of Military Things
* Internet of things
* Open Interconnect Consortium
* OpenWSN
* Smart grid
* Web of things

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lee, Eun-Kyu; Gerla, Mario; Pau, Giovanni; Lee, Uichin; Lim, Jae-Han (September 2016). "Internet of Vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular fogs". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 12 (9): 155014771666550. doi:10.1177/1550147716665500. hdl:11585/617668.
2. ^ Khelifi, Adel; Abu Talib, Manar; Nouichi, Douae; Eltawil, Mohamed Salah (2019). "Toward an Efficient Deployment of Open Source Software in the Internet of Vehicles Field". Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 44 (2019): 8939–8961. doi:10.1007/s13369-019-03870-2. S2CID 164632020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
3. ^ Sakiz, Fatih; Sen, Sevil (June 2017). "A survey of attacks and detection mechanisms on intelligent transportation systems: VANETs and IoV". Ad Hoc Networks. 61: 33–50. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.03.006.
4. ^ Gerla, M.; Lee, E.; Pau, G.; Lee, U. (March 2014). "Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds" (PDF). 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (PDF). pp. 241–246. doi:10.1109/WF-IoT.2014.6803166. ISBN 978-1-4799-3459-1. S2CID 206866025.
5. ^ Hamid, Umar Zakir Abdul; et al. (2019). "Internet of Vehicle (IoV) Applications in Expediting the Implementation of Smart Highway of Autonomous Vehicle: A Survey". Performability in Internet of Things. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. pp. 137–157. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93557-7_9. ISBN 978-3-319-93556-0. S2CID 69362954. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
6. ^ Nahri, Mohamed; Boulmakoul, Azedine; Karim, Lamia; Lbath, Ahmed (2018). "IoV distributed architecture for real-time traffic data analytics". Procedia Computer Science. 130: 480–487. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.055.
7. ^ Maglaras, Leandros; Al-Bayatti, Ali; He, Ying; Wagner, Isabel; Janicke, Helge (6 February 2016). "Social Internet of Vehicles for Smart Cities". Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 5 (1): 3. doi:10.3390/jsan5010003. hdl:2086/12656.
8. ^ a b Canning, Tom (23 August 2020). "Why the connected car rides on open source". VentureBeat. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
9. ^ Takahashi, Dean (9 February 2020). "Subaru Legacy 2020 review: Sensors that detect a drowsy or distracted driver". VentureBeat. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
10. ^ Ahmadian, Amir Shayan; Peldszus, Sven; Ramadan, Qusai; Jürjens, Jan (21 August 2017). "Model-based privacy and security analysis with CARiSMA". Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 989–993. doi:10.1145/3106237.3122823. ISBN 9781450351058. S2CID 28115555.

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Ambient intelligence

Concepts|

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Technologies|

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Platforms|

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Applications|

* Ambient device
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Pioneers|

* Kevin Ashton
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Other|

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Embedded systems

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Firmware and controls|

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Boot loaders|

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Software libraries|

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Programming tools|

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Operating systems|

* Linux on embedded systems
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* Windows IoT
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Programming languages|

* Ada
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Self-driving cars, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies

Overview and
context|

* History of self-driving cars
* Impact of self-driving cars
* Intelligent transportation system
* Context-aware pervasive systems
* Mobile computing
* Smart, connected products
* Ubiquitous computing
* Ambient intelligence
* Internet of things

SAE Levels|

| Human driver monitors
the driving environment
(Levels 0,1,2)|

* Lane departure warning system
* Automatic parking
* Automated emergency braking system
* Collision avoidance system
* Cruise control
* Adaptive cruise control
* Advanced driver-assistance system
* Driver drowsiness detection
* Intelligent speed adaptation
* Blind spot monitor

|

System monitors
the driving environment
(Levels 3,4,5)|

* Automated Lane Keeping Systems
* Vehicular ad hoc network (V2V)
* Connected car
* Automotive navigation system

Vehicles|

| Cars|

* VaMP (1994)
* Spirit of Berlin (2007)
* General Motors EN-V (2010)
* MadeInGermany (2011)
* Waymo, formerly Google Car (2012)
* Tesla Model S with Autopilot (2015)
* LUTZ Pathfinder (2015)
* Yandex self-driving car (2017)
* Honda Legend (2021)

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Buses and commercial
vehicles|

* Automated guideway transit
* CAVForth
* ParkShuttle
* Navia shuttle
* NuTonomy taxi
* Freightliner Inspiration
* Driverless tractor
* Self-driving truck
* Mobility as a service

Regulation|

* Legislation
* IEEE 802.11p
* Safe speed automotive common law
* Automated lane keeping system (unece regulation 157)
* Regulation (EU) 2019/2144

Liability|

Self-driving car liability

Enabling
technologies|

* Radar
* Laser
* LIDAR
* Artificial neural network
* Computer stereo vision
* Image recognition
* Dedicated short-range communications
* Real-time Control System
* rFpro
* Eye tracking
* Radio-frequency identification
* Automotive navigation system

Organizations,
Projects &
People|

| Organizations,
projects
and events|

* American Center for Mobility
* DAVI
* European Land-Robot Trial
* Navlab
* DARPA Grand Challenge
* VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge
* Eureka Prometheus Project
* IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society

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People|

* Harold Goddijn
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