Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Region in Canada

Inuvialuit Settlement Region

Inuvialuit Nunangit Sannaiqtuaq

Region

Inuvik, the largest community in the region

ISR in Yukon and NWT

Country| Canada
Territories| Northwest Territories
Yukon
Inuvialuit Final Agreement| 1984
Sub-regions|

List

* Beaufort Sea
* Mackenzie River delta
* Yukon coast
* Northwest portion of Northwest Territories
* Western Arctic Archipelago

Government

• Type| Board of Directors
• Chair & CEO| Duane Ningaqsiq Smith[1]
Area

[2]

• Total

| 435,000 km2 (168,000 sq mi)
• Land| 90,650 km2 (35,000 sq mi)
Lowest elevation

| 0 m (0 ft)
Population

(2021)[3][4]

• Total

| 5,420
• Density| 0.012/km2 (0.032/sq mi)
Languages

• Indigenous
(Inuit languages)| Inuvialuktun[5][a]
(Sallirmiutun, Uummarmiutun, Kangiryuarmiutun)
• Settler| English
Time zone| UTC−07:00 (MST)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Website| Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
The Northwest Territories area of the ISR is on MST (UTC−07:00) / MDT (UTC−06:00) but Herschel Island, Yukon is on MST all year.
Inu- ᐃᓄ- / nuna ᓄᓇ
"person" / "land"

Person| Inuvialuk
People| Inuvialuit
Language| Inuvialuktun
Country| Inuvialuit Nunangit
(part of Inuit Nunangat)

The Inuvialuit Settlement Region, abbreviated as ISR (Inuinnaqtun: Inuvialuit Nunangit Sannaiqtuaq – INS; French: Région désignée des Inuvialuit – RDI), located in Canada's western Arctic, was designated in 1984 in the Inuvialuit Final Agreement by the Government of Canada for the Inuvialuit (the real people[7]). It spans 435,000 km (270,000 mi), including 90,650 km2 (35,000 sq mi) of land and 12,980 km2 (5,010 sq mi) of subsurface mineral rights.[2] The ISR is mainly above the tree line, and includes several sub-regions: the Beaufort Sea, the Mackenzie River delta, the northern portion of Yukon ("Yukon North Slope", Herschel Island), and the northwest portion of the Northwest Territories.[8] The ISR includes both Crown Lands and Inuvialuit Private Lands. Most of the ISR is represented by Nunakput, the territorial electoral district, meaning "our land" in Inuvialuktun.[9]

The ISR is one of the four Inuit regions of Canada, collectively known as Inuit Nunangat,[10] represented by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK). The other regions include Nunatsiavut in Labrador, Nunavik in northern Quebec, and the territory of Nunavut.[11] The ISR is the homeland of the Inuvialuit. The Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, established in 1986 as the receiver of the lands and financial compensation of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, is controlled by the Inuvialuit population and is responsible for ISR operations.[12] From 1996 until 2016, Nellie Cournoyea, former Premier of the Northwest Territories, was the Chair and CEO of the Board. She had been elected nine times before declining to run again.[13] In 2016, Duane Ningaqsiq Smith, was elected to replace her, was re-elected in 2019, and acclaimed in 2022.[1]

The Inuvialuit Settlement Region Database contains descriptions of thousands of publications and research projects about the ISR. It is maintained by the Joint Secretariat—Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Committees[14] and the Arctic Science and Technology Information System. Funding comes from Shell Canada and MGM Energy.[15]

## Demographics

[edit]

There are six communities in the ISR, Aklavik, Inuvik, Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour, Tuktoyaktuk, and Ulukhaktok and all are in the Northwest Territories.[16][17] There are no Inuvialuit communities in the Yukon North Slope and it is estimated that the number of Inuvialuit living along the coast, as far east as the Baillie Islands, dropped from a high of 2,500 people to around 250 between 1850 and 1905. The drop in population is attributed to epidemics, such as smallpox, measles, and scarlet fever, caused by the arrival of whalers and fur traders.[18]

These six communities, along with Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic, form the territorial Inuvik Region and, including Region 1 Unorganized, are Region 1, a federal census division.[19][20]

In the 2021 Canadian census, the ISR population was 5,420 people, and change of -1.4% from the 2016 population of 5,495 people.[3][4] In 2021, 3,145 (58%) people were Inuvialuit, were the largest group in all six communities, and a majority in five.[3][4]

Community[21] | Traditional name[21] | Electoral district | Population (2021 Canadian census)[3][4]

|
|
|

Total
2021  | Total
2016  | % change  | Inuvialuit  | % of total  | First Nations | Métis | Multiple
Indigenous[b] | Non
Indigenous
Aklavik | Akłarvik[c] | Mackenzie Delta | 536 | 590 | -9.2% | 320 | 59.7% | 130 | 25 | 15 | 45
Inuvik | Inuuvik[d] | Boot Lake / Twin Lakes | 3,137 | 3,243 | -3.3% | 1,265 | 40.3% | 520 | 115 | 95 | 1,070
Paulatuk | Paulatuuq[e] | Nunakput | 298 | 265 | 12.5% | 270 | 90.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15
Sachs Harbour | Ikaahuk[f] | Nunakput | 104 | 103 | 1.0% | 95 | 91.3% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10
Tuktoyaktuk | Tuktuujaqrtuuq[g] | Nunakput | 937 | 898 | 4.3% | 815 | 87% | 10 | 0 | 95 | 70
Ulukhaktok | Ulukhaqtuuq[h] | Nunakput | 408 | 396 | 3.0% | 380 | 93.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20

## Culture

[edit]

Pingos near Tuktoyaktuk

Inuvik, located on the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta, approximately 100 km (62 mi) from the Arctic Ocean, is the region's administrative centre, home to the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. The only other inland community, Aklavik, is located on the Peel Channel.

Hunting, fishing and trapping are the major economic activities of Paulatuk, in Amundsen Gulf's Darnley Bay, and Sachs Harbour, the only permanent settlement on Banks Island.

Tuktoyaktuk, formerly known as "Port Brabant",[22] is set on Kugmallit Bay, near the Mackenzie River Delta. It has the only deepwater port in the ISR.

Ulukhaktok, formerly known as "Holman", is located on the west coast of Victoria Island. Printmaking has taken over as the primary source of income in recent years.

Kitigaaryuit is a former Inuvialuit settlement. It was the traditional territory of the Kitigaaryungmiut. The site, which is situated near the junction of the Mackenzie River's East Channel and Kugmallit Bay, encompasses the villages of Kitigaaryuk and Tchenerark, which are located on a small island, and the adjacent village of Kuugaatchiaq, located on the mainland to the west of the island.[23][24]

Herschel Island, which is uninhabited, is part of the ISR although in Yukon and was traditionally occupied and used by the Inuvialuit.[25] The island is an important part of Inuvialuit culture and the people sill visit the island to hunt and fish.[25] At one time Herschel Island was inhabited by Paleo-Eskimo groups followed by Thule people, and finally the Inuvialuit, but in the latter half of the 20th century the population had migrated to government communities in the NWT.[25]

Tarium Niryutait, is a marine protected area (MPA) located in the coastal areas of the Yukon and Northwest Territories in Canada. It is located within the ISR and was the first Arctic MPA established in Canada. The MPA was established with the goal of protecting beluga whales and the biodiversity of other bird and fish species and their habitats.[26]

English is spoken in the entire region. Additionally, Sallirmiutun (formerly Siglitun) is spoken by the Siglit in Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour and Tuktoyaktuk. Uummarmiutun is spoken by the Uummarmiut in Inuvik and Aklavik. Kangiryuarmiutun (Inuinnaqtun[27]) is spoken by the Kangiryuarmiut in Ulukhaktok and nowhere else in the Northwest Territories.[28] Together they are grouped under Inuvialuktun.[5]

## Climate

[edit]

ISR is dominated by subarctic climate in the south and tundra climate in the north.

Climate data for Aklavik (Aklavik/Freddie Carmichael Airport)
Climate ID: 2200105 / 2200100; coordinates 63°13′24″N 135°00′20″W﻿ / ﻿63.22333°N 135.00556°W﻿ / 63.22333; -135.00556﻿ (Aklavik/Freddie Carmichael Airport); elevation: 6.4 m (21 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1926-present

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high humidex | 6.1  | 3.8  | 8.6  | 12.8  | 24.6  | 34.6  | 35.5  | 33.8  | 26.5  | 16.4  | 4.3  | 1.6  | 35.5
Record high °C (°F)  | 9.5
(49.1)  | 4.3
(39.7)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | 15.4
(59.7)  | 23.7
(74.7)  | 31.8
(89.2)  | 31.7
(89.1)  | 31.9
(89.4)  | 27.6
(81.7)  | 17.0
(62.6)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 11.2
(52.2)  | 31.9
(89.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −22.6
(−8.7)  | −21.5
(−6.7)  | −16.1
(3.0)  | −5.4
(22.3)  | 5.2
(41.4)  | 16.6
(61.9)  | 18.7
(65.7)  | 15.3
(59.5)  | 7.4
(45.3)  | −4.2
(24.4)  | −15.0
(5.0)  | −21.2
(−6.2)  | −3.6
(25.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −26.3
(−15.3)  | −25.5
(−13.9)  | −21.0
(−5.8)  | −11.4
(11.5)  | 0.6
(33.1)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | —  | —  | 4.4
(39.9)  | −6.7
(19.9)  | −18.2
(−0.8)  | −24.4
(−11.9)  | —
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −30.3
(−22.5)  | −29.5
(−21.1)  | −26.4
(−15.5)  | −17.0
(1.4)  | −4.0
(24.8)  | 6.2
(43.2)  | —  | —  | 1.4
(34.5)  | −9.0
(15.8)  | −21.6
(−6.9)  | −28.0
(−18.4)  | —
Record low °C (°F)  | −48.5
(−55.3)  | −45.8
(−50.4)  | −47.8
(−54.0)  | −34.8
(−30.6)  | −26.5
(−15.7)  | −6.4
(20.5)  | 0.6
(33.1)  | −2.8
(27.0)  | −11.0
(12.2)  | −35.1
(−31.2)  | −39.5
(−39.1)  | −44.5
(−48.1)  | −48.5
(−55.3)
Record low wind chill | −49.6  | −51.6  | −47.9  | −35.1  | −21.3  | −8.2  | 0.0  | −6.7  | −8.7  | −25.9  | −46.1  | −52.2  | −52.2
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 15.9
(0.63)  | 12.2
(0.48)  | 13.2
(0.52)  | 8.8
(0.35)  | 12.6
(0.50)  | 21.9
(0.86)  | —  | —  | 33.5
(1.32)  | —  | —  | —  | —
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.1
(0.00)  | 5.3
(0.21)  | 21.0
(0.83)  | —  | —  | 26
(1.0)  | 0.8
(0.03)  | 0
(0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | —
Average snowfall cm (inches)  | 15.9
(6.3)  | 12.2
(4.8)  | 13.2
(5.2)  | 8.7
(3.4)  | 7.5
(3.0)  | 0.8
(0.3)  | 0
(0)  | 0.4
(0.2)  | 8.9
(3.5)  | —  | —  | —  | —
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 9.2  | 9.0  | 7.4  | 5.4  | 6.1  | 7.6  | —  | —  | 13.5  | —  | —  | —  | —
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.06  | 2.5  | 7.3  | —  | —  | 10.8  | 0.67  | 0.0  | 0.0  | —
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.2  | 9.0  | 7.4  | 5.4  | 3.8  | 0.35  | 0.0  | 0.06  | 2.8  | —  | —  | —  | —
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[29]

Climate data for Inuvik (Inuvik (Mike Zubko) Airport)
Climate ID: 2202570; coordinates 68°18′15″N 133°28′58″W﻿ / ﻿68.30417°N 133.48278°W﻿ / 68.30417; -133.48278﻿ (Inuvik (Mike Zubko) Airport); elevation: 67.7 m (222 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present[i]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high humidex | 5.9  | 4.9  | 8.4  | 14.9  | 29.2  | 35.8  | 40.0  | 36.6  | 26.7  | 20.6  | 10.0  | 5.0  | 40.0
Record high °C (°F)  | 7.1
(44.8)  | 5.2
(41.4)  | 8.7
(47.7)  | 15.3
(59.5)  | 30.1
(86.2)  | 32.8
(91.0)  | 33.0
(91.4)  | 34.8
(94.6)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 10.6
(51.1)  | 5.0
(41.0)  | 34.8
(94.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −21.4
(−6.5)  | −19.5
(−3.1)  | −16.3
(2.7)  | −5.6
(21.9)  | 6.3
(43.3)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 19.3
(66.7)  | 15.4
(59.7)  | 7.9
(46.2)  | −3.0
(26.6)  | −14.3
(6.3)  | −19.7
(−3.5)  | −2.8
(27.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −24.9
(−12.8)  | −23.5
(−10.3)  | −21.1
(−6.0)  | −10.6
(12.9)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | 11.6
(52.9)  | 14.2
(57.6)  | 10.9
(51.6)  | 4.4
(39.9)  | −5.9
(21.4)  | −17.6
(0.3)  | −23.0
(−9.4)  | −7.0
(19.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −28.4
(−19.1)  | −27.3
(−17.1)  | −25.8
(−14.4)  | −15.5
(4.1)  | −3.3
(26.1)  | 5.7
(42.3)  | 9.0
(48.2)  | 6.4
(43.5)  | 0.8
(33.4)  | −8.6
(16.5)  | −20.8
(−5.4)  | −26.4
(−15.5)  | −11.2
(11.8)
Record low °C (°F)  | −54.4
(−65.9)  | −56.7
(−70.1)  | −50.6
(−59.1)  | −46.1
(−51.0)  | −27.8
(−18.0)  | −6.1
(21.0)  | −3.3
(26.1)  | −6.1
(21.0)  | −20.1
(−4.2)  | −35.0
(−31.0)  | −46.1
(−51.0)  | −50.0
(−58.0)  | −56.7
(−70.1)
Record low wind chill | −64.1  | −67.0  | −59.6  | −51.1  | −35.2  | −13.3  | −5.2  | −9.2  | −23.4  | −43.1  | −55.0  | −59.6  | −67.0
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 13.4
(0.53)  | 10.8
(0.43)  | 13.6
(0.54)  | 9.9
(0.39)  | 13.7
(0.54)  | 23.5
(0.93)  | 40.1
(1.58)  | 42.4
(1.67)  | 32.5
(1.28)  | 23.0
(0.91)  | 15.2
(0.60)  | 11.7
(0.46)  | 249.8
(9.83)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | —  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.3
(0.01)  | 6.0
(0.24)  | —  | 31.8
(1.25)  | 36.0
(1.42)  | 17.7
(0.70)  | 1.1
(0.04)  | 0.3
(0.01)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | —
Average snowfall cm (inches)  | —  | 22.7
(8.9)  | 23.1
(9.1)  | 13.3
(5.2)  | 9.7
(3.8)  | —  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.7
(0.3)  | —  | 32.9
(13.0)  | 29.7
(11.7)  | 25.7
(10.1)  | —
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 10.8  | 10.2  | 11.9  | 8.0  | 8.1  | 8.9  | 12.8  | 14.8  | 13.9  | 14.8  | 14.1  | 11.2  | 139.5
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | —  | 0.1  | 0.0  | 0.1  | 2.7  | —  | 9.6  | 13.0  | 8.9  | 0.9  | 0.2  | 0.2  | —
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | —  | 11.6  | 11.9  | 5.6  | 4.2  | —  | 0.1  | 0.6  | —  | 11.5  | 12.3  | 10.9  | —
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 68.7  | 66.6  | 58.5  | 57.5  | 57.9  | 49.7  | 57.2  | 64.1  | 70.1  | 79.4  | 76.6  | 71.2  | 64.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 7.3  | 65.2  | 174.1  | 248.7  | 295.0  | 375.1  | 339.8  | 216.2  | 109.4  | 50.2  | 17.8  | 0.0  | 1,898.8
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[30] (January maximum)[31] (April maximum)[32] (May maximum)[33] (July maximum)[34] (August maximum)[35] (sunshine)[36]

Climate data for Paulatuk (Paulatuk (Nora Aliqatchialuk Ruben) Airport)
WMO ID: 71984; coordinates 69°21′28″N 124°04′57″W﻿ / ﻿69.35778°N 124.08250°W﻿ / 69.35778; -124.08250﻿ (Paulatuk (Nora Aliqatchialuk Ruben) Airport); elevation: 6.3 m (21 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1985−present[j]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high humidex | 3.2  | 13.7  | −0.3  | 10.4  | 21.8  | 30.1  | 33.6  | 31.7  | 23.4  | 14.9  | 6.6  | 1.9  | 33.6
Record high °C (°F)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | −2.6
(27.3)  | 1.4
(34.5)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | 23.1
(73.6)  | 29.5
(85.1)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 20.7
(69.3)  | 16.2
(61.2)  | 7.6
(45.7)  | 3.0
(37.4)  | 30.2
(86.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −21.0
(−5.8)  | −21.4
(−6.5)  | −18.9
(−2.0)  | −9.7
(14.5)  | 1.1
(34.0)  | 9.8
(49.6)  | 14.2
(57.6)  | 12.2
(54.0)  | 6.0
(42.8)  | −2.7
(27.1)  | −12.2
(10.0)  | −18.8
(−1.8)  | −5.1
(22.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −24.7
(−12.5)  | −25.2
(−13.4)  | −23.3
(−9.9)  | −14.5
(5.9)  | −2.8
(27.0)  | 5.6
(42.1)  | 10.3
(50.5)  | 9.0
(48.2)  | 3.5
(38.3)  | −5.2
(22.6)  | −15.6
(3.9)  | −22.3
(−8.1)  | −8.8
(16.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −28.3
(−18.9)  | −29.0
(−20.2)  | −27.6
(−17.7)  | −19.2
(−2.6)  | −6.6
(20.1)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | 6.4
(43.5)  | 5.7
(42.3)  | 0.9
(33.6)  | −7.6
(18.3)  | −18.8
(−1.8)  | −25.9
(−14.6)  | −12.4
(9.7)
Record low °C (°F)  | −42.0
(−43.6)  | −44.1
(−47.4)  | −47.4
(−53.3)  | −36.8
(−34.2)  | −28.7
(−19.7)  | −6.2
(20.8)  | −2.0
(28.4)  | −3.2
(26.2)  | −11.0
(12.2)  | −34.1
(−29.4)  | −37.5
(−35.5)  | −42.6
(−44.7)  | −47.4
(−53.3)
Record low wind chill | −55.5  | −56.6  | −59.6  | −48.2  | −35.6  | −12.0  | −6.6  | −9.5  | −20.0  | −49.9  | −48.6  | −49.9  | −59.6
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 14.2
(0.56)  | 13.8
(0.54)  | 16.8
(0.66)  | 14.8
(0.58)  | 12.9
(0.51)  | 18.8
(0.74)  | 25.2
(0.99)  | 35.4
(1.39)  | 25.0
(0.98)  | 22.5
(0.89)  | 15.1
(0.59)  | 12.6
(0.50)  | 227.0
(8.94)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.2
(0.01)  | 3.7
(0.15)  | 16.1
(0.63)  | 26.4
(1.04)  | —  | —  | 1.6
(0.06)  | 0.1
(0.00)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | —
Average snowfall cm (inches)  | 15.7
(6.2)  | 12.5
(4.9)  | 16.5
(6.5)  | 12.6
(5.0)  | 12.1
(4.8)  | 0.8
(0.3)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 1.9
(0.7)  | 7.7
(3.0)  | 28.6
(11.3)  | 21.9
(8.6)  | —  | —
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 11.4  | 10.8  | 11.2  | 9.0  | 7.9  | 8.7  | 11.0  | 14.2  | 13.3  | 13.1  | 11.6  | 12.0  | 134
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.06  | 1.7  | 7.0  | 11  | —  | —  | 0.93  | 0.1  | 0.0  | —
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.7  | 8.2  | 9.4  | 7.1  | 5.8  | 0.72  | 0.0  | 0.87  | 4.1  | 12.1  | 12.1  | —  | —
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 78.1  | 75.9  | 72.8  | 71.1  | 75.4  | 75.5  | 72.8  | 76.5  | 78.3  | 82.5  | 83.1  | 80.2  | 76.8
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[37]

Climate data for Sachs Harbour (Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport}
Climate ID: 2503650; coordinates 72°00′N 125°16′W﻿ / ﻿72.000°N 125.267°W﻿ / 72.000; -125.267﻿ (Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport); elevation: 86.3 m (283 ft); 1991–2020 normals[k]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high humidex | 15.0  | −6.1  | −3.2  | 2.6  | 9.4  | 22.1  | 31.9  | 26.0  | 15.9  | 3.9  | 1.1  | −4.0  | 31.9
Record high °C (°F)  | −4.4
(24.1)  | −4.5
(23.9)  | −3.2
(26.2)  | 5.4
(41.7)  | 10.0
(50.0)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 23.2
(73.8)  | 15.6
(60.1)  | 4.4
(39.9)  | 1.7
(35.1)  | −4.0
(24.8)  | 24.2
(75.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −23.8
(−10.8)  | −24.4
(−11.9)  | −22.8
(−9.0)  | −13.6
(7.5)  | −3.6
(25.5)  | 6.3
(43.3)  | 9.8
(49.6)  | 7.2
(45.0)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | −6.5
(20.3)  | −15.3
(4.5)  | −21.7
(−7.1)  | −8.9
(16.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −27.4
(−17.3)  | −27.8
(−18.0)  | −26.4
(−15.5)  | −17.2
(1.0)  | −6.6
(20.1)  | 3.4
(38.1)  | 6.5
(43.7)  | 4.4
(39.9)  | −0.6
(30.9)  | −9.3
(15.3)  | −18.6
(−1.5)  | −25.1
(−13.2)  | −12.1
(10.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −31.0
(−23.8)  | −31.2
(−24.2)  | −29.9
(−21.8)  | −20.8
(−5.4)  | −9.4
(15.1)  | 0.4
(32.7)  | 3.3
(37.9)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | −2.8
(27.0)  | −12.2
(10.0)  | −22.1
(−7.8)  | −28.5
(−19.3)  | −15.2
(4.6)
Record low °C (°F)  | −52.2
(−62.0)  | −50.2
(−58.4)  | −48.4
(−55.1)  | −43.0
(−45.4)  | −26.7
(−16.1)  | −16.5
(2.3)  | −5.0
(23.0)  | −11.0
(12.2)  | −22.8
(−9.0)  | −35.5
(−31.9)  | −42.8
(−45.0)  | −45.0
(−49.0)  | −52.2
(−62.0)
Record low wind chill | −71.6  | −68.1  | −66.1  | −58.4  | −40.3  | −22.1  | −10.3  | −16.0  | −31.2  | −44.9  | −55.5  | −64.1  | −71.6
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 5.8
(0.23)  | 5.3
(0.21)  | 8.5
(0.33)  | 9.4
(0.37)  | 6.7
(0.26)  | 9.4
(0.37)  | 14.2
(0.56)  | 25.5
(1.00)  | 21.2
(0.83)  | 17.7
(0.70)  | 9.5
(0.37)  | 6.6
(0.26)  | 139.7
(5.50)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.2
(0.01)  | 4.5
(0.18)  | 13.6
(0.54)  | —  | 9.1
(0.36)  | —  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | —
Average snowfall cm (inches)  | 6.0
(2.4)  | 6.5
(2.6)  | —  | 7.7
(3.0)  | —  | 2.2
(0.9)  | 0.3
(0.1)  | 3.1
(1.2)  | 10.6
(4.2)  | —  | —  | —  | —
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 8.9  | 6.2  | 8.7  | 7.5  | 7.9  | 5.7  | 7.7  | 13.8  | 13.7  | 14.3  | 11.2  | 7.8  | 113.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.4  | 3.1  | 6.8  | —  | 5.6  | —  | 0.0  | 0.0  | —
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 8.2  | 6.2  | —  | 6.2  | —  | 1.4  | 0.4  | 3.0  | 7.4  | —  | —  | —  | —
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 78.4  | 77.3  | 79.1  | 82.2  | 83.4  | 80.6  | 78.2  | 84.3  | 87.2  | 89.5  | 85.4  | 80.7  | 82.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 0.1  | 42.6  | 165.8  | 264.8  | 284.6  | 330.6  | 335.7  | 189.8  | 79.7  | 38.7  | 4.3  | 0.0  | 1,736.7
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020[38] (sunshine)[39]

Climate data for Tuktoyaktuk (Tuktoyaktuk/James Gruben Airport)
WMO ID: 71985; coordinates 69°26′N 133°01′W﻿ / ﻿69.433°N 133.017°W﻿ / 69.433; -133.017﻿ (Tuktoyaktuk/James Gruben Airport); elevation: 4.6 m (15 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present[l]

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high humidex | 3.8  | 0.7  | 3.0  | 7.0  | 23.9  | 32.3  | 34.2  | 32.9  | 22.4  | 17.2  | 2.4  | 0.6  | 34.2
Record high °C (°F)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | 0.7
(33.3)  | 3.2
(37.8)  | 8.3
(46.9)  | 25.2
(77.4)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 29.9
(85.8)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 17.9
(64.2)  | 2.5
(36.5)  | 0.8
(33.4)  | 30.4
(86.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −22.0
(−7.6)  | −22.1
(−7.8)  | −19.6
(−3.3)  | −9.8
(14.4)  | 1.3
(34.3)  | 11.6
(52.9)  | 15.5
(59.9)  | 12.5
(54.5)  | 6.3
(43.3)  | −3.6
(25.5)  | −13.7
(7.3)  | −20.3
(−4.5)  | −5.3
(22.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −25.8
(−14.4)  | −26.0
(−14.8)  | −24.0
(−11.2)  | −14.6
(5.7)  | −2.5
(27.5)  | 7.0
(44.6)  | 11.4
(52.5)  | 9.2
(48.6)  | 3.6
(38.5)  | −6.3
(20.7)  | −17.1
(1.2)  | −23.8
(−10.8)  | −9.1
(15.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −29.5
(−21.1)  | −29.8
(−21.6)  | −28.4
(−19.1)  | −19.3
(−2.7)  | −6.3
(20.7)  | 2.4
(36.3)  | 7.3
(45.1)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 0.9
(33.6)  | −8.8
(16.2)  | −20.5
(−4.9)  | −27.2
(−17.0)  | −12.8
(9.0)
Record low °C (°F)  | −48.9
(−56.0)  | −46.6
(−51.9)  | −45.5
(−49.9)  | −42.8
(−45.0)  | −28.9
(−20.0)  | −8.4
(16.9)  | −1.7
(28.9)  | −2.5
(27.5)  | −12.8
(9.0)  | −36.2
(−33.2)  | −40.1
(−40.2)  | −46.7
(−52.1)  | −48.9
(−56.0)
Record low wind chill | −70.8  | −61.2  | −58.1  | −55.5  | −40.1  | −16.5  | −6.5  | −8.9  | −21.6  | −43.5  | −50.8  | −58.9  | −70.8
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 10.5
(0.41)  | 8.9
(0.35)  | 7.2
(0.28)  | 8.3
(0.33)  | 6.8
(0.27)  | 11.0
(0.43)  | 22.3
(0.88)  | 25.7
(1.01)  | 23.3
(0.92)  | 18.4
(0.72)  | 9.6
(0.38)  | 8.7
(0.34)  | 160.7
(6.33)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 1.4
(0.06)  | 9.7
(0.38)  | 22.2
(0.87)  | 24.4
(0.96)  | 15.5
(0.61)  | 1.3
(0.05)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.3
(0.01)  | 74.9
(2.95)
Average snowfall cm (inches)  | 13.4
(5.3)  | 10.2
(4.0)  | 9.0
(3.5)  | 9.4
(3.7)  | 6.2
(2.4)  | 1.3
(0.5)  | 0.1
(0.0)  | 1.2
(0.5)  | 8.9
(3.5)  | 20.1
(7.9)  | 12.1
(4.8)  | 11.2
(4.4)  | 103.1
(40.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 8.4  | 7.3  | 7.1  | 5.5  | 4.9  | 5.1  | 10.1  | 12.7  | 12.7  | 13.3  | 9.6  | 8.9  | 105.6
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.05  | 0.05  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 1.1  | 4.3  | 10.0  | 12.4  | 9.0  | 1.1  | 0.0  | 0.10  | 38.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 8.6  | 7.4  | 7.5  | 5.8  | 4.2  | 1.0  | 0.14  | 0.90  | 5.0  | 13.0  | 9.9  | 9.1  | 72.5
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 78.4  | 78.4  | 75.7  | 77.5  | 77.2  | 69.3  | 69.7  | 75.4  | 79.0  | 86.7  | 85.0  | 80.6  | 76.7
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[40] (rain / rain days, snow / snow days and precipitation / precipitation days 1981–2010)[41]

Climate data for Ulukhaktok (Ulukhaktok/Holman Airport)
Climate ID: 2502501; coordinates 70°45′46″N 117°48′22″W﻿ / ﻿70.76278°N 117.80611°W﻿ / 70.76278; -117.80611﻿ (Ulukhaktok Airport); elevation: 36.0 m (118.1 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1979−present

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high humidex | −6.5  | −9.1  | −3.8  | 7.1  | 10.4  | 23.0  | 26.3  | 27.2  | 17.0  | 5.2  | −1.8  | −3.6  | 27.2
Record high °C (°F)  | −4.0
(24.8)  | −6.5
(20.3)  | −3.5
(25.7)  | 7.6
(45.7)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 29.0
(84.2)  | 25.5
(77.9)  | 15.8
(60.4)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 1.1
(34.0)  | −3.0
(26.6)  | 29.0
(84.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −23.5
(−10.3)  | −24.3
(−11.7)  | −21.5
(−6.7)  | −12.6
(9.3)  | −2.8
(27.0)  | 7.9
(46.2)  | 13.0
(55.4)  | 9.9
(49.8)  | 3.3
(37.9)  | −5.4
(22.3)  | −14.3
(6.3)  | −21.0
(−5.8)  | −7.6
(18.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −27.2
(−17.0)  | −28.0
(−18.4)  | −25.5
(−13.9)  | −16.9
(1.6)  | −6.0
(21.2)  | 4.8
(40.6)  | 9.3
(48.7)  | 7.1
(44.8)  | 1.1
(34.0)  | −8.1
(17.4)  | −17.6
(0.3)  | −24.4
(−11.9)  | −10.9
(12.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −30.8
(−23.4)  | −31.6
(−24.9)  | −29.5
(−21.1)  | −21.2
(−6.2)  | −9.2
(15.4)  | 1.6
(34.9)  | 5.6
(42.1)  | 4.2
(39.6)  | −1.0
(30.2)  | −10.6
(12.9)  | −20.9
(−5.6)  | −27.7
(−17.9)  | −14.3
(6.3)
Record low °C (°F)  | −47.5
(−53.5)  | −49.0
(−56.2)  | −45.0
(−49.0)  | −42.1
(−43.8)  | −30.3
(−22.5)  | −12.5
(9.5)  | −3.5
(25.7)  | −5.5
(22.1)  | −15.5
(4.1)  | −36.8
(−34.2)  | −37.5
(−35.5)  | −42.8
(−45.0)  | −49.0
(−56.2)
Record low wind chill | −59.8  | −65.9  | −62.0  | −49.2  | −39.4  | −21.3  | −7.6  | −12.1  | −19.3  | −36.0  | −50.8  | −53.1  | −65.9
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 10.2
(0.40)  | 8.9
(0.35)  | 10.5
(0.41)  | 7.5
(0.30)  | 8.9
(0.35)  | 10.9
(0.43)  | 23.6
(0.93)  | 31.5
(1.24)  | 22.5
(0.89)  | 17.2
(0.68)  | 13.4
(0.53)  | 10.6
(0.42)  | 175.7
(6.92)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 1.2
(0.05)  | 8.7
(0.34)  | 21.9
(0.86)  | 30.6
(1.20)  | 13.0
(0.51)  | 0.7
(0.03)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 76.1
(3.00)
Average snowfall cm (inches)  | 9.7
(3.8)  | 7.9
(3.1)  | 8.3
(3.3)  | 5.8
(2.3)  | 5.9
(2.3)  | 1.3
(0.5)  | 0.0
(0.0)  | 2.0
(0.8)  | 7.2
(2.8)  | 18.9
(7.4)  | 15.0
(5.9)  | 9.9
(3.9)  | 91.8
(36.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 8.8  | 8.0  | 8.3  | 6.7  | 6.9  | 6.4  | 9.3  | 12.6  | 11.9  | 11.5  | 10.6  | 8.7  | 109.7
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.06  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.56  | 4.5  | 8.0  | 11.1  | 6.6  | 0.31  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 31.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 6.1  | 5.6  | 6.2  | 4.5  | 4.7  | 1.2  | 0.06  | 0.71  | 3.8  | 10.6  | 9.3  | 6.4  | 58.9
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST) | 76.4  | 75.9  | 75.2  | 71.2  | 74.4  | 73.1  | 69.4  | 75.8  | 79.7  | 84.5  | 83.3  | 78.5  | 76.4
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[42]

## Wildlife

[edit]

Polar bears on the Beaufort Sea coast

The Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Conservation and Management Plan sets the strategy for fish and wildlife management and conservation.[8] Integrated management planning of the region's marine and coastal areas is described in the Beaufort Sea Integrated Management Planning Initiative.[8] Wildlife includes Arctic char, Arctic fox, beluga whale, bearded seal, bowhead whale, caribou, moose, muskox, polar bear, ringed seal, and whitefish.[43]

Migratory bird management within the ISR is handled by policies, principles, and regulations described in the Conservation of Migratory Birds in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region report.[44]

## Protected areas

[edit]

There are several protected parks and bird sanctuaries in the ISR. There are five parks: Aulavik National Park, Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park (Herschel Island), Ivvavik National Park, Pingo Canadian Landmark, and Tuktut Nogait National Park. There are also five migratory bird sanctuaries in the region: Anderson River Delta Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Banks Island No. 1 and Banks Island No. 2 Bird Sanctuary, Cape Parry Migratory Bird Sanctuary, and Kendall Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary[45]

## Natural resources

[edit]

The area is rich in non-renewable hydrocarbon resources.[43] There are proven commercial quantities of natural gas, nickel, petroleum, and zinc.[43]

The ISR's Inuvialuit Private Lands are divided into those where the Inuvialuit own surface and subsurface minerals, or those lands with only surface rights.[46]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ One of the official languages of the Northwest Territories.[6]
2. ^ Includes Indigenous responses and those not included elsewhere.
3. ^ Barrenground grizzly place
4. ^ Place of man
5. ^ Place of coal
6. ^ Place to which you cross
7. ^ Looks like a caribou. Formerly known as Port Brabant, it became the first community in Canada to reclaim its original name.[22]
8. ^ Where there is material for ulus. Renamed from Holman on 1 April 2006
9. ^ Includes composite data from Inuvik A: Climate ID: 2202571; coordinates 68°18′14″N 133°28′59″W﻿ / ﻿68.30389°N 133.48306°W﻿ / 68.30389; -133.48306﻿ (Inuvik (Mike Zubko) Airport); elevation: 67.7 m (222 ft) and Inuvik Climate / Inuvik UA; WMO ID: 71364 / 71957; 68°19′N 133°31′W﻿ / ﻿68.317°N 133.517°W﻿ / 68.317; -133.517﻿ (Inuvik Climate / Inuvik UA); elevation: 103.0 m (337.9 ft) / 103.2 m (339 ft). Sunshine from 1951–1980
10. ^ Includes composite data from Paulatuk A: Climate ID: 2203055; coordinates 69°21′38″N 124°04′33″W﻿ / ﻿69.36056°N 124.07583°W﻿ / 69.36056; -124.07583﻿ (Paulatuk (Nora Aliqatchialuk Ruben) Airport); elevation: 4.6 m (15 ft) and Paulatuk A: Climate ID: 2203057; coordinates 69°21′40″N 124°04′31″W﻿ / ﻿69.36111°N 124.07528°W﻿ / 69.36111; -124.07528﻿ (Paulatuk (Nora Aliqatchialuk Ruben) Airport); elevation: 4.6 m (15 ft)
11. ^ Composite data from Sachs Harbour A; Climate ID: 2503649; coordinates 72°59′37″N 125°14′29″W﻿ / ﻿72.99361°N 125.24139°W﻿ / 72.99361; -125.24139﻿ (Sachs Harbour (David Nasogaluak Jr. Saaryuaq) Airport); elevation: 86.3 m (283 ft) and Sachs Harbour Climate; Climate ID: 2503648; coordinates 72°59′33″N 125°15′15″W﻿ / ﻿72.99250°N 125.25417°W﻿ / 72.99250; -125.25417﻿ (Sachs Harbour Climate); elevation: 87.5 m (287 ft). Sunshine from 1951–1980
12. ^ Includes composite data from Tuktoyaktuk A: Climate ID: 2203912 / 2203911; coordinates 69°26′00″N 133°01′35″W﻿ / ﻿69.43333°N 133.02639°W﻿ / 69.43333; -133.02639﻿ (Tuktoyaktuk/James Gruben Airport); elevation: 4.3 m (14 ft)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Update: 2022 Election of the IRC Chairperson and CEO". 20 January 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
2. ^ a b "Concluding and Implementing Land Claim and Self-Government Agreements". Government of Northwest Territories. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
3. ^ a b c d "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table - Aklavik, Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour, Tuktoyaktuk, Ulukhaktok, Hamlet (HAM) Northwest Territories [Census subdivision],". Statistics Canada. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
4. ^ a b c d "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table - Inuvik, Town (T) Northwest Territories [Census subdivision]". Statistics Canada. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
5. ^ a b "Inuvialuktun Dialects". Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
6. ^ "Official Languages". Government of the Northwest Territories, Education, Culture and Employment. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
7. ^ "Culture". Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
8. ^ a b c Berkes, Fikret; Huebert, Rob; Fast, Helen; Diduck, Alan; Manseau, Micheline (2005). Breaking Ice: Renewable Resource and Ocean Management in the Canadian North. Arctic Institute of North America. University of Calgary Press. p. 95, 97, 102. ISBN 1-55238-159-5.
9. ^ CBC News (12 August 2011). "Nunakput". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
10. ^ "Inuit Nunangat Map". 4 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
11. ^ "Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK) is the national Inuit organization in Canada". itk.ca. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
12. ^ "IRC Representing the interests of the Inuvialuit in the Western Arctic region". inuit.pail.ca. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
13. ^ Nellie Cournoyea not running for re-election as Inuvialuit Regional Corporation chair
14. ^ Joint Secretariat--Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Committees
15. ^ "Inuvialuit Settlement Region Database". aina.ucalgary.ca. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
16. ^ "Inuvialuit Settlement Region Communities". Retrieved 9 April 2025.
17. ^ "Inuvialuit Lands". Retrieved 9 April 2025.
18. ^ "Yukon North Slope Inuvialuit Traditional Use Study" (PDF). Wildlife Management Advisory Council (North Slope) and Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee. 2018. p. 8. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
19. ^ "Inuvik Region". Municipal and Community Affairs. Government of the Northwest Territories. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
20. ^ "More information: Region 1, Region (REG) [Census division], Northwest Territories". 12 October 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2025. "Pick Geographic hierarchy tab for listing"
21. ^ a b "Official NWT Community Names" (PDF). Education, Culture and Employment. Government of the Northwest Territories. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
22. ^ a b "Welcome to the Hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk Website". Retrieved 9 April 2025.
23. ^ Hart, Elisa (2015). "Kitigaaryuit (Kittigazuit)". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
24. ^ Friesen, T. Max (2004). "Kitigaaryuit: A Portrait of the Mackenzie Inuit in the 1890s, Based on the Journals of Isaac O. Stringer". Arctic Anthropology. 41 (2): 222–237\. doi:10.1353/arc.2011.0050. JSTOR 40316630. S2CID 163091888.
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28. ^ Balanoff, Helen; Chambers, Cynthia; Kaodloak, Alice; Kudlak, Emily (2006). ""This is the way we were told": Multiple literacies in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories" (PDF). Presented at the 15th International Inuit Studies Conference. nwt.literacy.ca. p. 2\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
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