Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)

Part of international military intervention against the Islamic State,
War in Iraq (2013–2017), IS insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)

Territorial control (as of September 5, 2018) of Iraq, ISIL (gray),
Iraqi Government (red), Rebel forces (green), Kurdish forces (yellow),
Turkish forces (blue)[dubious - discuss]
| Date| 13 June 2014 – present
(10 years, 7 months and 6 days)

|

Location|

Iraq

Status|

Ongoing

* Iranian airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq
* Armed clashes between Iran-backed militias and ISIL troops
* Territorial defeat of ISIL and the end of the War in Iraq
* Continued Iranian intervention in Iraq from 2017
* Protests against the Iranian intervention in 2019

Belligerents

Iran

* * *

Hezbollah
Iraq
Iraqi Kurdistan[1]
Popular Mobilization Forces:
Badr Organization[2]
Muqawimun[3]
Peace Brigades[4]
Kata'ib al-Imam Ali[5]
Islamic Resistance:
Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq[2]
Kata'ib Hezbollah[6]
Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada[7]
Sunni tribal militias:

* Jubur Confederation[8]
* Anbar Salvation Council[9]

Christian militias:
Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam[10]|

Islamic State

* * *

Naqshbandi Army[11]
Commanders and leaders

* Ali Khamenei
* Masoud Pezeshkian
* Esmail Qaani
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Abdul Latif Rashid
* Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
* Mustafa al-Kadhimi (2020–2022)
* Adil Abdul-Mahdi (2018–2020)
* Nouri al-Maliki (2014–2015)
* Nechirvan Barzani
* Qais al-Khazali
* Hadi al-Amiri

* Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi † (2022)
* Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi †
(2019–2022)
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi †
(2014–2019)
* Abu Ala al-Afri †[12]
* Abu Mohammad al-Adnani †

* * *

Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri †
Salah Al-Mukhtar
Units involved
Iranian Armed Forces

* Quds Force
* IRIAF[13]
* Special forces of Iran (since 2016)[14]

Iraqi Armed Forces

* Iraqi Army[15]
* Iraqi Air Force[15]
* Iraqi Federal Police

Kurdistan Regional Government

* Peshmerga[1]

|  Military of ISIL
Strength

Iran:

* 1,500 Basijis[16]
* 7 Sukhoi Su-25s[15]
* 47 F-4 Phantom IIs[17]
* Mohajer-4, Ababil[15]
and Shahed 129 drones[18]

|  Around 100,000 fighters
(according to Kurdish Chief of Staff.)[19]
At least a few hundred tanks[20]
3 drones[21][22][23]
Casualties and losses

Iran:

* 42 killed[24]
* 1 Mohajer-4 drone captured[25]

Hezbollah:

* 1 commander killed

|  Unknown

* v
* t
* e

War in Iraq
(2013–2017)

Battles and operations

* 1st Anbar
* 1st Fallujah
* 1st Northern Iraq
* 1st Mosul
* Badush prison
* Camp Speicher
* 1st Kirkuk
* 2nd Northern Iraq
* Zumar
* Makhmour
* 1st Sinjar
* Mosul Dam
* Sharfadin
* Musab bin Umair mosque
* Suq al-Ghazi
* Saqlawiyah
* 1st Hīt
* Jurf al-Sakhar
* Salahuddin
* 1st Baiji
* Siege of Amirli
* 1st Tikrit
* 2nd Baiji
* 3rd Baiji
* Dhuluiya
* 2nd Tikrit
* 1st Ramadi
* 2nd Sinjar
* 2nd Mosul
* 2nd Kirkuk
* Al-Karmah
* 2nd Anbar
* 2nd Ramadi
* 2nd Fallujah
* 2nd Hīt
* Ar-Rutbah
* 3rd Fallujah
* 3rd Sinjar
* Nineveh Plains offensive
* Shirqat offensive
* 3rd Mosul
* 4th Mosul
* Mosul airstrike
* Western Nineveh
* 3rd Kirkuk
* Hamam al-Alil
* 4th Sinjar
* Turkish Sinjar airstrike
* Tal Afar
* Western Anbar
* Hawija
* Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
* 4th Kirkuk
* Western Iraq

* * *

Major insurgent attacks

* 1st Hillah
* 1st Baghdad
* Khan Bani Saad
* 2nd Baghdad
* Sharaban
* Ramadi
* Mosul
* 3rd Baghdad
* Miqdadiyah
* 2nd Hillah
* Iskandariya
* 4th Baghdad
* Samawa
* 5th Baghdad
* 1st Balad
* Taji
* 6th Baghdad
* 7th Baghdad
* 2nd Balad
* 8th Baghdad
* 9th Baghdad
* 3rd Hillah
* 10th Baghdad
* 11th Baghdad
* Tikrit
* 12th Baghdad
* Nasiriyah

* * *

Foreign interventions

* Iranian-led intervention
* American-led intervention
* Inherent Resolve
* Shader
* Okra
* Chammal
* Impact

* * *

IS genocide of minorities

* Christian genocide
* Yazidi genocide
* Shia genocide
* Turkmen genocide

* * *

IS war crimes

* Mosul executions
* Chemical weapons

* * *

Timeline

* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017

The Iranian intervention in Iraq has its roots in the post-2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies, when the infrastructure of the Iraqi armed forces, as well as intelligence, were disbanded in a process called "de-Ba'athification" which allowed militias with close ties to Tehran to join the newly reconstituted army.

The intervention reached its peak following the advance of the Islamic State into northern Iraq in mid-2014. Iran began to provide military aid to counter the militant advance. Iran provided technical advisers to the Iraqi government and weapons to the Kurdish Peshmerga. Several sources, among them Reuters, believe that since mid-June 2014, Iranian combat troops are in Iraq, which Iran denies.

The Iraqi Shia militias Kata'ib Hezbollah ("Hezbollah Brigades") and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq ("League of the Righteous"), funded and trained by Iran, fought alongside the Iraqi Army and Peshmerga in retaking territory from ISIL.

## Background

[edit]

### US invasion of Iraq

[edit]

See also: Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2, 2003 invasion of Iraq, and Iranian involvement in the Iraq War

After the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies, The Coalition Provisional Authority disbanded the Iraqi military, security, and intelligence infrastructure of President Saddam Hussein and began a process of "de-Ba'athification".[26][27] This move became an object of controversy, cited by some critics as the biggest American mistake made in the immediate aftermath of the fall of Saddam Hussein[28] and as one of the main causes of the rise of the Islamic State.[29]

The Badr organisation, which fought alongside Iran in the Iran-Iraq war, was seen as a U.S. asset in the fight against Ba'athist partisans because of their opposition to Saddam Hussein. Shortly after the fall of Baghdad, Badr forces and other militias with close ties to Tehran reportedly joined the newly reconstituted army, police, and Interior Ministry in significant numbers. The Interior Ministry was controlled by SCIRI, and many Badr members became part of the Interior Ministry-run Wolf Brigade. The Iraqi Interior Minister, Bayan Jabr, was a former leader of the Badr Brigade militia.

The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq and various other parties with military wings, all with close ties with Tehran, had pioneering role in forming the governments with close ties to Tehran.

According to the U.S. military and U.S. State Department, the Iraqi Shia militia Kata'ib Hezbollah ("Hezbollah Brigades"), which has existed since 2003, has received funding, training, logistics, guidance, and material support from the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps's Quds Force. Iran denies these claims.[6][30]

Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq ("League of the Righteous"), another Iraqi Shia militia, formed in 2006, was assumed by Iraqi officials to have been receiving $2 million a month from Iran even before 2014, and assumed by The Guardian to be under the patronage of Qasem Soleimani.[31]

### Opposing the intervention

[edit]

In 2019, protests broke out in Iraq demanding the end of corruption, nepotism, unemployment, and political sectarianism while also calling for an end to Iranian intervention in Iraqi affairs.[32] The Abdul-Mehdi government, backed by Iranian-backed militias used live bullets, marksmen, hot water, hot pepper gas, and tear gas against protesters, leading to many deaths and injuries.[33][34][35][36]

The protests resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Abdul-Mahdi and his government, and the appointment of Mustafa Al-Kadhimi. A new election law was also passed by the Council of Representatives.

The 2021 parliamentary election resulted in Pro-Iran parties losing seats in the newly elected Iraqi parliament and in turn led to 2021 Baghdad clashes.[37][38][39][40]

In November 2021, Al-Kadhimi survived an assassination attempt via an explosive drone, two drones were shot down by the army while the last one targeted his residence in the heavily fortified Green Zone district of Baghdad.[41]

According to experts, the assassination attempt came as a response to pro-Iran parties losing seats in the 2021 Iraqi parliamentary election.[42]

## Intervention

[edit]

Map showing Iran and Iraq. Iraqi commandos training under the supervision of soldiers of the US 82nd Airborne, 2011.

### Strategy and tactics

[edit]

Tehran's strategic objectives in its intervention in Iraq include keeping the Shia-led government in power and stabilising its border.[43][44]

Iran has attempted to limit its overt military involvement in Iraq as a strategy geared toward avoiding the polarisation of Iraq's Sunni minority, creating a popular backlash against Iran among Iraqis, or deepening sectarian tensions.[44] The IRGC also attempted to create a more diversified model in Iraq, and began interacting more with Iraqi Turkmen and Feyli Kurds.[45] Most Iranian aid has thus far come in the form of technical assistance, the commitment of special forces troops, and air support. Iranian Brigadier-General Massoud Jazayeri stated that Iran could best help Iraq by providing it with direction on its "successful experiments in popular all-around defence" that included "mobilising masses of all ethnic groups."[46] Iran believes cooperation and unity among Iraq's fractious militias are essential in its battle against ISIL.[43] Ali Khamenei, in remarks delivered on 15 September 2014, credited "the people of Iraq, the Iraqi Armed Forces, and the popular forces" for halting the ISIL advance of the previous summer.[47]

The Washington Post reported that Iran has sent more than 1,000 military advisers to Iraq, and spent more than $1 billion on military aid.[48]

### Timeline

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2022)

|

#### June 2011

[edit]

In the week of 14 June, according to The Guardian, Iran's Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani was in Baghdad to organise an Iraqi counterattack against ISIL.[2] Press agency Reuters believes that since mid-June, Iran has had members of its Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) fighting on the ground in Iraq against ISIL, though it does not give an estimate of their numbers.[49]

According to Iranian social media, ISIL troops on 19 June attacked two Iranian border guards near Iran's border city of Qasr Shirin, but this has not been confirmed by authoritative sources.[50]

American war correspondent David Axe, on his website 'War is Boring', asserted that on 21 June 2014 ", it appears Iran joined the air war" of Iraq and Syria against ISIL.[51]

By the end of June, according to American officials, Iran had established a control center at Al-Rasheed Air Base in Baghdad and was flying a small fleet of Ababil drones over Iraq, and an Iranian signals intelligence unit had been deployed at the airfield to intercept electronic communications between ISIL fighters and commanders.[52]

#### July 2014

[edit]

On 1 July, according to IISS, several Su-25 aircraft were sent by Iran to al-Rashid and, later, to the al-Muthanna air base.[53] The aircraft were supported by bi-national Iranian/Iraqi ground crews who had been trained in Iran.[15] (During the 1991 Gulf War, seven Su-25s had been flown by the Iraqi air force to Iran as a temporary safe haven, and Iran had kept them since; ironically, some of them may now have returned to Iraq.[53])

On 5 July, Quds Force pilot Shojaat Alamdari was killed in Samarra, probably working there as a forward air controller.[15]

#### August 2014

[edit]

See also: Siege of Amirli

Iraqi Kurdish President Barzani and Iranian foreign minister Zarif said, at the end of August 2014, that Iran had been the first country to provide weapons and ammunition (at an unspecified date) to the Iraqi Kurdish forces (Peshmerga). Zarif said that Iran cooperated militarily with the Iraqi central government and the Kurds, but that it had "no military presence in Iraq".[1]
In contradiction to that Iranian denial, Business Insider, without naming its sources, contends that in early August, Iran's IRGC sent Quds Force personnel, attack aircraft, and drones to Iraq and that since early August Iran was operating its Su-25 aircraft (see July 2014) in combat against ISIL.[15]

But in early August, Qasem Soleimani, chief of the Iranian Quds Force, was indeed in Erbil advising Kurdish forces, an Iranian official admitted in early October 2014.[54]

On 21–22 August, according to Kurdish sources, hundreds of Iranian soldiers, allegedly from Iran's 81st Armored Division,[55] helped Peshmerga to take back Jalawla in Diyala Governorate from ISIL. Iran subsequently denied any military presence in Iraq.[56]

There were unconfirmed reports of clashes between ISIL forces and Revolutionary Guard Corps units near Urmia on 28 August.[57]

Between 31 August and 1 September, the Iranian-backed Iraqi Shia militias Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq and Kata'ib Hezbollah (see section Background) joined an Iraqi army and Kurdish Peshmerga assault to break the ISIL siege of Amerli in Saladin Governorate. The attack was supported by the U.S. Air Force at the request of the Iraqi army, according to a statement by the U.S. Central Command.[6][58]

#### September 2014

[edit]

By early September, according to Business Insider, Iranian Quds Force personnel were deployed to Samarra, Baghdad, Karbala, and the former U.S. military post known as Camp Speicher.[15]

In late September, Iranian general Ahmad Reza Pourdastan threatened to "attack deep into Iraqi territory" should ISIL forces approach the Iranian border.[59] Earlier in the month, the Iranian government announced it had arrested Afghan and Pakistani nationals attempting to "cross Iran" to join ISIL.[60]

There have been sporadic reports of ISIL troops in Iranian Kurdistan. These claims are unverified.[61]

#### October 2014

[edit]

Iranian general Qasem Soleimani, chief of the Iranian Quds Force, was reportedly present on the battlefield during Operation Ashura. In early October, the Islamic Republic of Iran News Network (IRINN) published a picture of Soleimani, purportedly on some battlefield alongside Kurdish Peshmerga.[54] The Operation Ashura included Shi'ite paramilitary groups such as Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, Kata'ib Hezbollah and the Badr brigades along with their leader Hadi Al-Amiri. Hezbollah was also present to provide technical advice and combat support for the allied offensive against the town of Jurf al-Sakhr.[62]

#### November 2014

[edit]

See also: Battle of Baiji (October–December 2014)

On 14 November, it was reported that the army had taken full control of Baiji, forcing ISIL forces to withdraw, and on 18 November, the anti-terrorism force Mosul Battalion entered the refinery for the first time since June. However, this could not be confirmed independently. If confirmed, it would be a major victory for Iraqi forces. State television said that they had entered the gates of the refinery.[63] Meanwhile, it was confirmed that Iraqi forces were in full control of Baiji. Iraqi state television said Baiji's recapture was a "Graveyard for ISIS".[64] Later, the US Department of State congratulated the Iraqi forces for retaking the country's largest oil refinery, confirming the Iraqi victory.[65]

At the end of November, according to the Israeli website Haaretz, Al Jazeera broadcast a video showing Iranian F-4 Phantom jet-fighters bombing ISIL targets in northeastern Iraq, though Al Jazeera, in its report, alleged they were "Iraqi jet-fighters".[66] US rear Admiral John Kirby affirmed on 3 December that he had "indications that [Iran] did indeed fly air strikes with F-4 Phantoms" targeting ISIL positions in the eastern Iraqi province of Diyala.[67]

#### December 2014

[edit]

Military situation in the Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015) as in early-mid March 2015.

On 27 December, Iranian IRGC Brigadier General Hamid Taqavi was killed in Samarra, Iraq, reportedly by an ISIL sniper.[68] He is the highest ranking Iranian military official to die in Iraq since Iran's military intervention began,[69] other than Qasem Soleimani.

#### March–April 2015

[edit]

Main article: Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015) § Iran's role

On 2 March, Qasem Soleimani, commander of the Iranian Quds Force, was directing Shia militia operations on the eastern flank during the surrounding of ISIL fighters, and was reportedly taking a leading role in the fighting of Iraqi forces and Shia militias against ISIL.[70][71]

Jim Phillips of the American The Heritage Foundation in March described Suleimani's role in this war as: "he's Iran's viceroy for Iraq".[72]

#### May 2015

[edit]

See also: Battle of Ramadi (2014–15)

American news website The Long War Journal states without revealing its sources that Iran has sent Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Basij members to fight ISIL in both Syria and Iraq.[73]

Jassem Nouri, a military commander of the IRGC, was killed on 28 May while fighting ISIL near Ramadi in Anbar province, according to Iranian sources.[73]

In late May, the American news website Vox characterised Qasem Soleimani as "leading Iraq's overall military strategy against ISIL".[74]

## Casualties

[edit]

### Iran

[edit]

In late June 2014, three Iranian border guards were killed along the border in western Kermanshah province by an alleged "terrorist group", however it is unclear if the assailants were members of PJAK or ISIL.[75]

There are at least 13 confirmed Iranians killed in Iraq:

Name  | Rank/Affiliation  | Date  | Place

|
|
|

Alireza Moshajari |  Captain, Saberin Special Forces[76] | 14 June 2014[77] | Disputed[77]
Kamal Shirkhani |  Colonel, Quds Force[78] | Mid-June 2014[78] | Samarra[78]
Shoja'at Alamdari Mourjani |  Colonel, Aerospace Force Fighter pilot[78] | early July 2014[78] | Samarra[78]
Hamid Taqavi |  Brigadier General, Quds Force[79] | 28 December 2014[79] | Samarra[79]
Mehdi Norouzi | Unknown, Basij[80] | 10 January 2015[80] | Samarra[80]
Hossein Shakeri | Unknown, alleged "War photographer"[81] | 23 January 2015[81] | Samarra[81]
Reza Hosseini-Moghadam | Unknown, alleged "IRGC Commander"[82] | 7 February 2015[82] | Samarra[82]
Mohammad-Hadi Zolfaghari | Unknown[83] | mid February 2015[83] | Samarra[83]
Sadeq Yari Goldarreh | Unknown, alleged "Quds Force Commander"[84] | 20 March 2015[84] | Tikrit[84]
Ali Yazdani  | Unknown, IRGC[85] | 23 March 2015[85] | Tikrit[85]
Hadi Jafari  | Unknown, IRGC[85] | 23 March 2015[85] | Tikrit[85]
Kheirollah Ahmadi  |  Brigadier General, IRGC[86] | 4 February 2017  | near Tal Afar
Ali-Asqar Karimi  | Unknown, IRGC[87] | 25 February 2017  | near Mosul
Shaban Nasiri  | General, IRGC[88] | 26 May 2017  | between Qairawan and Baaj

### Hezbollah

[edit]

In late July 2014, it was reported that Ibrahim al-Haj, a Hezbollah "technical specialist involved in training" was killed near Mosul.[89][90]

## Political dimension

[edit]

### In Iraq

[edit]

Iraq:

Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi said, "We do respect this Iranian commander and our collaboration with him is not a secret", adding that Iran was quick in selling arms to Iraq and helping Baghdad when Islamic State captured large areas in the country.

Hadi al-Amiri, leader of the Badr Organization, said, "If it were not for the cooperation of the Islamic Republic of Iran and General Suleimani, we would not today have a government headed by Haider al-Abadi in Baghdad".[91] During the Second Battle of Tikrit, Hadi al-Amiri said US has failed to live up to its promises to help Iraq fight ISIL, unlike the "unconditional" assistance being given by Iran.[92]

On 31 December 2014, Defence Ministers of Iran and Iraq signed a military pact to combat ISIS.[93]

"Iranians will try to calm the fears of the Sunnis instead of persecuting them because the Iranian officials know that it is in their best interest to keep Iraq united," said Hadi Jalo, a Baghdad-based political analyst. "For the Iranians, it is easier to dominate one country instead of three separate states."[94]

In addition to the aforementioned involvement, Iran has been even more engaged in the fight against ISIL, by providing financial and military support to the predominantly Shiite militias of the Popular Mobilization Units. This group was able to gain a foothold in the country's political and economic life after the defeat of ISIL.[95]

### US reactions

[edit]

United States – Following the introduction of Iranian troops into Iraq in June 2014, President Barack Obama said, "Iran can play a constructive role if it is helping to send the same message to the Iraqi government that we're sending."[96]
In July, Secretary of Defence Chuck Hagel offered further explanation, "We are aware of the Iranian and Russian efforts to help the Iraqis, but we are not involved in coordinating any missions."[97]

In September 2014, Secretary of State John Kerry said the US "does not have any intention" of cooperating with Iran.[98] Nevertheless, later that month, Kerry met with Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in New York City where the two discussed ISIL.[99]

The US in December 2014 continued to deny cooperation with Iran with American Ambassador to Iraq Stuart E. Jones saying: "Let's face it, Iran is an important neighbour to Iraq. There has to be cooperation between Iran and Iraq. The Iranians are talking to the Iraqi security forces and we're talking to Iraqi security forces ... We're relying on them to do the deconfliction" in December 2014.[100]

At the end of March 2015, the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff of the US Armed Forces, Gen. Martin Dempsey, stated that Iran's overt role in the Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015) could be positive and could only become problematic if it descended into sectarianism.[101][102]

### Other international reactions to Iranian intervention

[edit]

* Canada – Speaking at the United Nations, Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird said Iran was "involved in a negative way in every single country in the region" and stated that Canada considers Iran a state sponsor of terrorism.[103]
* China – China has said it wants Iran to be part of an "anti-ISIS alliance."[104]
* France – In September, French officials suggested inviting Iran to an international conference of nations involved in the American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present), however, objections by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates prevented such an invitation from being extended.[105]
* India – In what The Hindu declared was a likely reference to the exclusion of Iran and Syria from the American-led intervention in Iraq, Prime Minister Narendra Modi in September said that "everyone must be included in a global fight against the terror we see in west Asia."[106]
* Italy – Italian foreign minister Federica Mogherini has said Iran can play a "positive role" in operations against ISIL and added that she hoped agreement could be reached by which Iran would join "the countries that are working to combat ISIL and support the Iraqi government."[107]
* Israel – During an NBC television interview in June, Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, made known his concerns over American cooperation with Iran. He offered the following words of advice to President Barack Obama, "when your enemies are fighting one another, don't strengthen either one of them. Weaken both." Netanyahu also expressed his concern over Iran acquiring nuclear weapons, asserting it would be a tragic mistake that would make everything else pale in comparison.[citation needed]
* Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen) – Sheikh Nasser bin Ali al Ansi has connected the current Shia insurgency in Yemen to the conflict in Iraq, saying that "Iranian agents" are the common enemy across every theater of war in the Middle East.[108]
* Russia – Russia has said it wants Iran to be part of an "anti-ISIS alliance."[104]

### Iran and Hezbollah's reaction to American-led intervention in Iraq

[edit]

At the same time as the Iranian intervention in Iraq, a parallel American-led intervention was occurring. Neither nation is known to have cooperated with the other in combating ISIL. Iranian President Hassan Rouhani has dismissed U.S. involvement, noting that "Iran, from the very first moment, did not hesitate in fighting against terrorism. Other countries apparently had their doubts for quite some time ... they acted quite late in the game."[109] Rouhani went on to question the level of American commitment, noting that the U.S. had not committed ground troops, as Iran had[110] with, according to The Economist, Iranian officials boasting of being the ground force for America's air strikes.[111]

On 29 September, in response to a statement by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry that the United States wanted "to find out if they [Iran] will come on board" the American-led intervention, Ali Khamenei declared the U.S. position on ISIL as "absurd, hollow and biased." Nonetheless, Khamenei also noted that some Iranian government officials were "not against" cooperation with the United States, explaining that he had personally quashed the suggestion of joint action against ISIL.[47] In follow-up remarks, the Iranian-affiliated Kata'ib Hezbollah declared it would "not fight alongside the American troops under any kind of conditions whatsoever," adding that its only contact with the United States military would be "if we fight each other."[105]

At least one Hezbollah official has indicated the party will continue to operate independently, or in concert with Iraqi and Iranian forces, against ISIL and will not cooperate with the U.S.-led coalition concurrently operating against ISIL. Mohammad Raad dismissed the NATO-centred coalition as neither serious nor sufficient to counter ISIL and noted that Hezbollah had initiated military operations against the ISIL prior to United States involvement.[112]

Despite the cool reception given by Iran and its allies to the United States intervention, some observers believe the U.S. coalition will eventually be forced into brokering an alliance with Tehran. Eyal Zisser of Tel Aviv University has explained that "the West is helpless and does not know what to do against the Islamic State" and that it will ultimately conclude it has no choice but to ally with Iran.[113]

## See also

[edit]

* Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war
* Opération Chammal – French operation against ISIL
* Operation Okra – Australian operation against ISIL
* Operation Impact – Canadian operation against ISIL
* Operation Shader – UK operation against ISIL
* Operation Inherent Resolve – US operation against ISIL

## References

[edit]

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* v
* t
* e

Iranian military interventions and supports

Direct intervention|

* Omani Civil War (1973–1976)
* Uprising in Herat (2001)
* Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
* War in Iraq (2013-2017) (2014–present)
* Abqaiq–Khurais attack (2019)

Noncombat support|

* Afghan conflict (1979–present)
* Lebanese Civil War (1982–1990)
* Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1980s–present)
* Bosnian War (1992–95)
* Iraq war (2003–2011)
* Houthi insurgency in Yemen (2004–2014)
* Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)

* v
* t
* e

War against the Islamic State

Operations in Syria|

* Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war
* American rescue mission (4 July 2014)
* US intervention in Syria (22 September 2014 – present)
* Jordanian intervention in Syria (22 September 2014 – present)
* Turkish intervention in Syria (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)
* Russian intervention in Syria (30 September 2015 – present)
* French intervention in Syria (November 2015 – present)
* British intervention in Syria (2 December 2015 – present)
* German intervention in Syria (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)
* Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war (29 January 2014 – present)
* Barisha raid (26–27 October 2019)

Operations in Iraq
and Kurdistan Region|

* Iranian-led intervention in Iraq (13 June 2014 – present)
* American-led intervention in Iraq (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021)
* withdrawal
* British intervention in Iraq (9 August 2014 – present)
* Australian intervention in Iraq (31 August 2014 – present)
* Canadian intervention in Iraq (4 September 2014 – present)
* French intervention in Iraq (19 September 2014 – present)
* Turkey–Islamic State conflict
* German intervention in Iraq (4 December 2015 – present)

Operations in Libya|

* Egyptian airstrikes in Libya (16 February 2015)

Operations in Afghanistan|

* Taliban security operations (2015–present)
* American-led intervention in Afghanistan (2015–2021)
* 2017 Nangarhar airstrike

Battles|

* Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)
* First Battle of Tikrit
* Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)
* Battle for Mosul Dam
* Battle of Zumar
* Sinjar massacre
* Siege of Amirli
* Siege of Kobanî
* Battle of Suq al Ghazi
* Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)
* Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)
* Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)
* Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)
* December 2014 Sinjar offensive
* Derna campaign (2014–2016)
* Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
* Second Battle of Tikrit
* Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)
* Anbar campaign (2015–2016)
* Palmyra offensive (May 2015)
* Western al-Hasakah offensive
* Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)
* Tell Abyad offensive
* Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)
* Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)
* Kobanî massacre
* Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)
* 2015 al-Hawl offensive
* November 2015 Sinjar offensive
* Nineveh Plains offensive
* Tishrin Dam offensive
* Siege of Fallujah (2016)
* Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)
* Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)
* Battle of Hit (2016)
* Mosul offensive (2016)
* Battle of Sirte (2016)
* Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)
* Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)
* Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)
* Manbij offensive (2016)
* 2016 Abu Kamal offensive
* Operation Euphrates Shield
* Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)
* Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)
* Battle of Tabqa (2017)
* Battle of Raqqa (2017)
* Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)
* Battle of Tal Afar (2017)
* Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)
* Battle of Hawija (2017)
* 2017 Western Iraq campaign

Related|

* Defeating ISIS
* Aerial order of battle
* Ground order of battle
* Iran and the Islamic State
* Operation Inherent Resolve
* Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war
* American military intervention in Cameroon
* Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State
* Collaborationism
* List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State

* War in Iraq (2013–2017)
* Syrian civil war

* v
* t
* e

Islamic State

Names of the Islamic State

Members
(List of leaders)|

| Current|

* Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
* Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari
* Abdul Qadir Mumin
* Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi
* Abu Yusaf
* Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi
* Abu Habib al-Libi
* Abu Jandal al-Masri
* Zulfi Hoxha
* Bajro Ikanović
* Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani
* Fatiha Mejjati
* Ahlam al-Nasr
* Issam Abuanza
* Musa Baluku

|

† Former|

* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
* Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
* Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi
* Abu Ahmad al-Alwani
* Haji Bakr
* Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi
* Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi
* Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi
* Abdul Rauf Aliza
* Abu Sayyaf
* Ali Awni al-Harzi
* Tariq al-Harzi
* Abu Khattab al-Tunisi
* Maher Meshaal
* Abu Muslim al-Turkmani
* Abu Saleh
* Mohammed Emwazi
* Abu Nabil al-Anbari
* Abu Ali al-Anbari
* Abu Waheeb
* Ali Aswad al-Jiburi
* Abu Omar al-Shishani
* El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib
* Abu Mohammad al-Adnani
* Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi
* Abu Muhammad al-Furqan
* Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti
* Abu Bilal al-Harbi
* Ahmad Abousamra
* Turki al-Binali
* Tareq Kamleh
* Lavdrim Muhaxheri
* Abu Osama al-Masri
* Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir
* Abu Muhammad al-Shimali
* Gulmurod Khalimov
* Abdul Nasser Qardash (captured)
* Abu Yasser al-Issawi
* Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi
* Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi
* Yusuf al-Hindi
* Abu Omar al-Muhajir (captured)
* Othman al-Nazih
* Jamal Udeen Al-Harith
* Aine Davis (captured)
* Alexanda Kotey (captured)
* El Shafee Elsheikh (captured)
* Denis Cuspert
* Abdelhamid Abaaoud
* Boubaker El Hakim

History|

* Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999–2004)
* Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–2006)
* Mujahideen Shura Council (2006)
* Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2013)
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2013–2014)
* Islamic State (2014–present)

Timeline of events|

* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024

Groups|

| International branches|

* Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)
* Libyan Provinces (Libya)
* Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)
* Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)
* Algeria Province (Algeria)
* Yemen Province (Yemen)
* Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)
* Bengal Province (Bangladesh)
* Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali) (2015–2016)
* West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)
* Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)
* Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)
* Hind Province (India)
* Pakistan Province (Pakistan)
* Turkey Province (Turkey)
* Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)
* Mozambique Province (Mozambique)
* Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria) (2016–2018)
* Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)
* Abu Sayyaf (Philippines) (2014–2024)
* Ansar Khalifa (Philippines) (2014–2021)
* Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil) (2016–2018)
* East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia) (2014–2022)

|

Unorganized cells|

* Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)
* Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)
* Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)
* Lebanon Province (Lebanon)
* Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)
* Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)

Wars|

* War on terror
* Iraq War
* Insurgency (2003–2011)
* Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
* Insurgency (2011–2013)
* War in Iraq (2013–2017)
* Insurgency (2017–present)
* Syrian civil war
* Spillover
* Spillover in Lebanon
* Opposition–Islamic State conflict
* Sinai insurgency
* Second Libyan Civil War
* Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Mozambique
* Islamist insurgency in the Sahel
* Mali War
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Conflict with Taliban
* Moro conflict (1968–2019)
* al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
* Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
* Boko Haram insurgency
* Military intervention against IS
* US intervention in Iraq
* US intervention in Syria
* Russian intervention in Syria
* Turkish operation
* Somalia

Battles|

| 2013|

* Akashat
* Hawija
* Raqqa
* Al-Shabah
* Ras al-Ayn
* Tell Abyad
* Latakia
* Menagh
* Sidi Ali Ben Aoun
* Sadad
* Qalamoun
* Aleppo
* Al-Yaarubiyah
* Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
* Anbar

|

2014|

* Fallujah
* N Aleppo
* Markada
* N Iraq (Jun)
* Mosul
* Salahuddin
* Baiji (Jun)
* Tikrit
* N Iraq (Aug)
* Kobanî
* Sinjar (Aug)
* Derna
* Ramadi
* Deir ez-Zor
* Baiji (14–15)
* Sinjar (Dec)
* Zumar
* Amirli

2015|

* Nofaliya
* W Africa
* Egyptian airstrikes in Libya
* Niger raid
* E al-Hasakah
* Tikrit
* Sirte
* Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)
* Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
* Yarmouk
* Qalamoun
* Palmyra (May)
* W al-Hasakah
* Al-Hasakah city
* Tell Abyad
* Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
* Al-Hasakah
* Kobani
* Palmyra (Jul–Aug)
* Ramadi (15–16)
* Al-Qaryatayn
* Al-Hawl
* Homs (Nov–Dec)
* Sinjar
* E Aleppo (15–16)
* Niveneh Plains
* Tishrin Dam

2016|

* Deir ez-Zor (Jan)
* Fallujah (Feb–May)
* Nangarhar
* Ben Guerdane
* Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)
* Al-Shaddadi
* Khanasir
* Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)
* Palmyra (Mar)
* N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)
* Hīt
* Tipo-Tipo
* Sirte
* Ar-Rutbah
* N Raqqa
* Fallujah (May–Jun)
* Manbij
* Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)
* Abu Kamal
* al-Rai (Aug)
* N al-Bab (Sep)
* W al-Bab (Sep)
* Dabiq
* W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)
* Al-Bab
* Aleppo
* Palmyra

2017|

* Mosul (16–17)
* Raqqa (16–17)
* Palmyra
* Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)
* E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)
* E Homs
* Hama
* W Nineveh
* Tabqa
* Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)
* Syrian Desert (May–Jul)
* Maskanah
* Marawi
* Raqqa
* S Raqqa
* C Syria
* Tal Afar
* Deir ez-Zor (17–19)
* Hawija
* E Syria (Sep–Dec)
* NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)
* Abu Kamal
* W Iraq

2018|

* As-Suwayda (Jun)
* S Syria
* As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)

2019|

* Hajin
* Baghuz Fawqani
* Barisha raid

2020|

* Chinagodrar
* Danag
* Mocímboa da Praia
* Al Bayda

2021|

* Tessit
* Palma
* Sambisa
* Dangarous

2022|

* Al-Hasakah
* Atme raid
* Andéramboukane
* Talataye

2023|

* Falagountou

Attacks|

| 2014|

* Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
* Camp Speicher massacre
* Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming

|

2015|

* Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
* Beheading of Copts in Libya
* Corinthia Hotel
* Al Qubbah bombings
* Bardo National Museum
* Sanaa bombings (Mar)
* Jalalabad bombing
* Curtis Culwell Center
* Qatif & Dammam bombings
* 26 June
* Kobanî massacre
* Saint-Quentin-Fallavier
* Kuwait mosque bombing
* Sousse
* Khan Bani Saad bombing
* Suruç bombing
* Baghdad bombing (Aug)
* Sanaa bombing (Sep)
* Ankara bombings
* Saihat shooting
* Metrojet Flight 9268
* Beirut bombings
* Paris (Nov)
* Tunis bombing
* San Bernardino attack
* Qamishli bombings

2016|

* Zliten truck bombing
* Hurghada
* Istanbul bombing (Jan)
* Jakarta
* Ramadi bombing
* Mahasin mosque
* Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)
* Mosul massacre
* Homs bombings (Feb)
* Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)
* Baghdad bombings (Feb)
* Istanbul bombing (Mar)
* Brussels bombings
* Aden bombing
* Iskandariya bombing
* Baghdad bombing (Apr)
* Samawa bombing
* Gaziantep bombing (May)
* Baghdad bombings (11 May)
* Real Madrid fan club massacres
* Baghdad gas plant
* Yemen police bombings (15 May)
* Baghdad bombings (17 May)
* Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)
* Yemen bombings (23 May)
* Aktobe shootings
* Pulse nightclub shooting
* Magnanville stabbing
* Mukalla (Jun)
* Movida Bar
* Atatürk Airport
* Dhaka (Jul)
* Karrada bombing
* Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum
* Nice truck
* Würzburg train
* Kabul bombing (Jul)
* Ansbach bombing
* Normandy church
* Qamishli bombings (Jul)
* Charleroi stabbing
* Shchelkovo Highway police station
* Aden bombing (Aug)
* Syria bombings (5 Sep)
* Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)
* Baghdad bombings (Oct)
* Quetta police college
* Hamam al-Alil massacre
* Khuzdar bombing
* Samarinda bombing
* Hillah bombing (Nov)
* Aden bombings (Dec)
* Botroseya bombing
* Al-Karak
* Berlin truck
* Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin
* Baghdad bombings (Dec)

2017|

* Istanbul nightclub shooting
* Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)
* Azaz bombing (Jan)
* Sehwan bombing
* Kabul (Mar)
* Westminster
* St Petersburg Metro bombing
* Egypt church bombings
* Mastung bombing
* Manchester Arena bombing
* Jakarta bombings
* Minya
* Al-Faqma bombing
* London Bridge
* Brighton siege
* Tehran
* Pakistan attacks (Jun)
* Hurghada
* Quetta bombing (Aug)
* Barcelona
* Brussels (Aug)
* Nasiriyah
* Afghanistan (20 Oct)
* New York City truck
* Sinai mosque
* Kabul bombing (28 Dec)
* Saint Menas church

2018|

* Baghdad bombings
* Save The Children Jalalabad
* Kizlyar church shooting
* Kabul bombing (Mar)
* Carcasonne & Trèbes
* Kabul bombing (22 Apr)
* Kabul bombings (30 Apr)
* Tripoli
* Mako Brimob standoff
* Paris knife
* Surabaya bombings
* Liège
* Jalalabad bombing (Jul)
* Mastung & Bannu bombings
* Quetta bombing
* As-Suwayda
* Tajikistan attack
* Kabul (Sep)
* Ahvaz military parade
* Minya bus
* Melbourne stabbing
* Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland

2019|

* Jolo Cathedral bombings
* Sri Lanka Easter bombings
* Sainthamaruthu shootout
* Kabul bombing (17 Aug)

2020|

* Kabul shooting (6 Mar)
* Kabul gurdwara
* Xitaxi
* Afghanistan (May)
* Jalalabad prison
* Jolo bombings
* Kabul University
* Vienna
* Afghanistan (Dec)

2021|

* Machh
* January Baghdad bombings
* Kabul school bombing
* Kabul airport
* Kunduz bombing
* Kandahar bombing
* Kampala bombings
* Kabul hospital

2022|

* Diyala massacre
* Peshawar mosque
* Hadera shooting
* Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing
* Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings
* Bourasso and Namissiguima
* Kuje prison break
* 5 August Kabul bombing
* August Kabul mosque bombing
* Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul
* Shah Cheragh
* Kabul hotel

2023|

* Kabul airport bombing
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing
* Al-Sukhnah
* Hama
* Khar bombing
* Arras school stabbing
* Pul-i-Khumri bombing
* Brussels shooting
* Kabul bombing (Nov)
* Paris
* Mindanao State University bombing

2024|

* Kerman bombings
* Istanbul church shooting
* Balochistan bombings
* Sibi bombing
* Mucojo attack
* Karabulak clash
* Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing
* Tillabéri attack
* Crocus City Hall attack
* 2024 Guzara Attack
* 2024 Bamyan shooting
* 2024 Beirut US embassy shooting
* Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis
* 2024 Dagestan attacks
* 2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade
* 2024 Muscat mosque shooting
* 2024 Kabul bus bombing
* Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis
* 2024 Solingen stabbing
* 2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing
* 2024 Afghanistan bus shooting

2025|

* 2025 New Orleans truck attack

Politics and organization|

* Finances
* Education
* Ideology
* Medicare
* Military
* Armoured warfare
* Human rights
* Genocide of Christians
* Persecution of Shias
* Genocide of Yazidis
* Genocide of Turkmen
* Persecution of gay and bisexual men
* Killing of captives
* Beheading incidents
* Destruction of cultural heritage
* Occupation of Mosul
* Executions in Mosul

Relations|

* Iran and the Islamic State
* Philippines and the Islamic State
* United Kingdom and the Islamic State
* Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State
* Foreign fighters
* Name changes due to the Islamic State
* Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media
* Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party

Society|

* Members
* Terrorist cell in Brussels
* Territorial claims
* al-Barakah district
* Collaboration

Media|

* A Second Message to America
* Al-Bayan
* Al-Fatihin
* Al-Furat Media Center
* Al-Hayat Media Center
* Al-Naba
* Amaq News Agency
* Dar al-Islam
* Dabiq
* Dawlat al-Islam Qamat
* Flames of War: The Fighting Has Just Begun
* Huroof
* I'lam foundation
* Istok
* Konstantiniyye
* Rumiyah
* Salil al-Sawarim

Related topics|

* Defeating ISIS
* ISIS-chan
* Islamism
* Millenarianism
* Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency
* Shia–Sunni relations
* Slavery in 21st-century jihadism
* Theocracy

* v
* t
* e

Iran–Saudi Arabia relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia
* Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran
* Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran

Diplomacy|

* Safari Club

Conflicts|

* Iranian revolution
* 1979 Khuzestan insurgency
* Arab separatism in Khuzestan
* Qatif conflict
* 1979 Qatif Uprising
* Iran–Iraq War
* Action of June 5, 1984
* Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
* Qatar diplomatic crisis
* 2011 Egyptian revolution
* 2011 Bahraini uprising
* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* insurgency in Bahrain
* 2011 Libyan civil war
* Syrian civil war
* Hezbollah involvement
* Iranian involvement
* Saudi involvement
* Spillover in Lebanon
* Axis of Resistance
* Iranian intervention in Iraq
* Yemeni crisis
* Houthi insurgency
* Operation Scorched Earth
* Operation Blow to the Head
* Yemeni revolution
* Yemeni civil war
* Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
* Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
* Houthi takeover in Yemen
* Second Libyan civil war

Incidents|

* 1987 Mecca incident
* Khobar Towers bombing
* 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
* 2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
* 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
* 2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* 2015 Mina stampede
* 2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
* 2017–2020 Qatif unrest
* 2018 Riyadh missile strike
* International Maritime Security Construct
* United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2019 Afif attack
* Abha International Airport attacks
* Abqaiq–Khurais attack

Iranian relations
with GCC member states|

* Bahrain
* Kuwait
* Oman
* Qatar
* United Arab Emirates

Related|

* Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry
* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Arab League–Iran relations
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Warsaw Middle East conference
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* Opposition to military action against Iran
* Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
* Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
* Gulf Cooperation Council
* Iran International
* Shia–Sunni relations
* Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia

Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations

* v
* t
* e

Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Background|

* Iranian revolution
* 1979 Khuzestan insurgency
* Arab separatism in Khuzestan
* Qatif conflict
* 1979 Qatif Uprising

Conflicts|

* Assadist–Saddamist conflict (until 1990)
* Iran–Iraq War
* Action of June 5, 1984
* Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
* Qatar diplomatic crisis
* 2011 Egyptian revolution
* 2011 Bahraini uprising
* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* insurgency in Bahrain
* First Libyan civil war
* Syrian civil war
* Hezbollah involvement
* Iranian involvement
* Saudi involvement
* Spillover in Lebanon
* Axis of Resistance
* War in Iraq (2013–2017)
* Iranian intervention in Iraq
* Yemeni crisis
* Houthi insurgency
* Operation Scorched Earth
* Operation Blow to the Head
* Yemeni revolution
* Yemeni civil war
* Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
* Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
* Houthi takeover in Yemen
* Second Libyan civil war

Incidents|

* 1987 Mecca incident
* Khobar Towers bombing
* 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
* 2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
* 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
* 2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* 2015 Mina stampede
* 2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
* 2017–2020 Qatif unrest
* 2018 Riyadh missile strike
* International Maritime Security Construct
* United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2019 Afif attack
* Abha International Airport attacks
* Abqaiq–Khurais attack

Iranian relations
with GCC member states|

* Bahrain
* Kuwait
* Oman
* Qatar
* United Arab Emirates

Related topics|

* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Arab League–Iran relations
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Warsaw Middle East conference
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* Opposition to military action against Iran
* Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
* Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
* Gulf Cooperation Council
* Iran International
* Shia–Sunni relations
* Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia

Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
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