Islamic University of Gaza

Independent university in Palestine

Islamic University of Gaza

الجامعة الإسلامية غزة

Type| Public
Established| 1978
President| Prof. Nasser Ismail Farahat[1]

Academic staff

| 307
Students| 17,874[2]
Undergraduates| 16,212
Postgraduates| 1,662
Location|

Gaza, Gaza Strip

Palestine

Colors|  White and green
Website| www.iugaza.edu.ps
Luhaidan Building - Islamic University of Gaza

The Islamic University of Gaza (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة), also known as IUG and IU Gaza, is an independent Palestinian university established in 1978 in Gaza City.[3] It was the first higher education institution to be established in Gaza Strip.[3] The university has eleven faculties capable of awarding BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MD, PhD, diplomas and higher diplomas,[3][4] in addition to twenty research centers and institutes and the affiliated Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.[3][5]

The Islamic University of Gaza is a member of twelve regional and international associations and networks of higher education,[6] including the International Association of Universities (IAU),[7] Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED),[8] Association of Arab Universities (AAU),[9] Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW),[10] Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Academic Network (BSEMAN),[11] and the Global University Network for Innovation-GUNi.[12]

Large parts of the Islamic University of Gaza were damaged by air strikes during the 2008–2009 Gaza war, the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, and the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. [13][14]

## History[edit]

A copy of the original IUG foundation document, displayed at the IUG museum (2023)

No universities or higher education institutions existed in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip until 1972.[15][16] Before then, Palestinian high school graduates sought higher education abroad, mostly in Egyptian and Jordanian universities. However, the restrictions on student movements after the Israeli occupation of West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967, the declining economic conditions, and the increasing limitations on the admission of Palestinian students to Arab universities changed this situation.[17] As such, local initiatives led by local elders and social and nationalist leaders sought to establish national higher education institutions in the occupied territories, often building on already existing schools and colleges.[17]

Sheikh Mohammed Awwad (2nd from the right), chairman of the IUG board of trustees, during a graduation ceremony (1986).

Sheikh Mohammad Awwad, then head of the Gaza Chapter of the Azhari Institute, led the Islamic University's founding committee. On 12 April 1978, the committee issued a decree to establish the university, which was composed of three faculties: Sharia, Usool-Deen, and Arabic Language (which later evolved into the Faculty of Arts).[18] The university was later inaugurated in November 1978 as an independent, nonprofit, gender-segregated university, which was also the first higher education institution in the Gaza Strip.[19] The Faculty of Education was founded in 1980, while the Faculties of Commerce and Arts were founded the following year. The Faculties of Nursing and Engineering were founded in 1993. In 2005, the Faculty of Information Technology was founded, followed by the Faculty of Medicine in 2006.[18]

Chairmen of the IUG Board of Trustees  Name  | Service Years

|

Mohammad Awwad  | 1978-1994
Jamal Al-Khoudari  | 1994-2014
Nasr al-Din Al-Muzaini  | 2014-2022
Mohammad Al-Aklouk  | 2022 - To date

The Islamic University was subjected to the different Israeli restrictions against Palestinian universities, which the Palestinians perceived as centres of political struggle and nation-building.[17] The establishment of the Faculty of Nursing, intended in 1986, was denied by Israeli authorities until 1993. Building permits were stalled and limited. Also, similar to other universities, the Islamic University was subjected to severe restrictions on academic freedom such as limitations of staff movement and Military Order 854. It was also issued with a temporary license that required annual renewal, and denied tax exemptions.[17][20]

## Campus[edit]

The main campus in Gaza city The Al Zahra campus (Faculty of Medicine and the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital)

The Islamic University of Gaza is considered a large university (uniRank enrollment range: 15,000-19,999 students).[21] The main campus is located in Gaza City, with branch campuses in Khan Yunis in the southern Gaza Strip and Al Zahra in the middle of Gaza Strip. The total area of the three campuses is 325817 square meters. The Al Zahra campus is home to the Faculty of Medicine and the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.[21][16]

## Academics[edit]

The Islamic University of Gaza is home to eleven faculties:[22]

### Faculty of Arts [23][edit]

The faculty was established in 1978 as the Arabic Language Department, which later expanded into the Faculty of Arts. It comprises over 40 academics and professors in six departments: Arabic Language, English language, Geography, Journalism and Media, Social Services, and History & Archaeology.

### Faculty of Education [24][edit]

Established in 1980, the faculty grants Bachelor degrees in 15 majors different majors, including primary education (elementary level), psychology, Counselling and education guidance, science education, Islamic studies education, Arabic language education, English language education, geography education, social studies education, history education, chemistry education, mathematics education, physics education, and biology education.

The faculty awards a Master of Arts degrees in four majors: Curricula and Methodology, Fundamentals of Education, Rehabilitation Sciences, and Early Childhood Education. The faculty also awards PhD degrees in four majors: Curricula and Methodology, Guidance and Counselling, Community Psychology, and Educational Administration.

### Faculty of Shariah and Law [25][edit]

Founded in 1978, the faculty consists of the Islamic Shariah and Shariah & Law departments (the later was founded in 2005). It awards Bachelor's degrees in Sharia and Sharia & Law, with the latter focusing on legal aspects and the Intersection of Islam and Palestinian laws. The faculty awards Masters of Arts degrees in four majors: Foundations of Jurisprudence, Comparative Jurisprudence, Islamic jurisdiction, and Law.

### Faculty of Usul al-Deen [26][edit]

The Faculty of Usul al-Deen (Fundamentals of Belief) was founded in 1978 as one of the three faculties at the year of IUG establishment. It consists of four departments: Quran and Tafsir (interpretation), Hadith Sharif, Aqidah, and Dawat. The faculty awards Bachelor degrees in Usul al-Deen and Dawat. It awards Master of Arts degrees in the majors of Hadith, Aqidah, and Quran & Tafsir. It also awards PhD degrees in the majors of Quran and Tafsir (interpretation), Hadith Sharif, Aqidah.

### Faculty of Engineering[edit]

The Faculty of Engineering was established in the academic year 1992/1993. The faculty consists of eight departments in Civil engineering, Architectural engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, Computer engineering, and Systems engineering.

The faculty grants bachelor degrees in ten majors. It also awards MSc degrees in 14 different majors, including civil engineering/infrastructure, civil engineering/construction management, civil engineering/structure design and rehabilitation of structures, electrical engineering/control systems, water resources engineering, telecommunications, and others. The faculty offers a single PhD program in computer engineering.

In 2009, the faculty inaugurated the Ewan (Iwan) Cultural Heritage Centre which is focused on the restoration and maintenance of ancient buildings in the Gaza Strip and preservation of Palestinian cultural identity.[27] In 2020, the faculty established the Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE) to promote research and development in clean energy technology.[28]

### Faculty of Nursing [29][edit]

The Faculty of Nursing was established in 1986. It offers bachelor degrees in nursing and in midwifery. It also awards MSc degrees in clinical psychology and critical care nursing.

### Faculty of Science [30][edit]

The faculty was established in 1980. It awards bachelor degrees in mathematics, biostatistics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, biology, biotechnology, and environmental sciences. It also awards MSc degrees in the following majors: mathematics, physics, water resources management, zoology, microbiology, medical laboratory, and botany and mycology. The faculty also has a PhD program in theoretical and applied mathematics.

### Faculty of Health Sciences [31][edit]

Established in 2012, the Faculty consists of three departments: medical laboratory science, physiotherapy, and optometry department. These departments offer bachelor degrees in their respective specialties. The department of medical laboratory science also grants MCs degrees in medical laboratory sciences and in infection control. The molecular biology laboratory is one of very few local centers that offer genetic testing to the public.[32]

### Faculty of Finance and Administrative Sciences [33][edit]

Founded in 1980, the faculty offers nine bachelor programs, including accounting, accounting (in English), business administration, business administration (in English), banking and finance, economics and applied statistics, and e-commerce. It awards Master of Arts degrees in two majors: accounting and finance, and business administration. The business administration program has the following concentrations: human resource management, marketing management, and financial management.

### Faculty of Information Technology [34][edit]

The Faculty of Information Technology (IT) was founded in the academic year 2004/2005. It consists of five departments: Computer Science, Information Technology, Software Development, Multimedia Technology and Web Development, and Mobile Computing and Smart Devices Applications. It awards Bachelor degrees in the five majors. It also awards Master of Science degrees in two majors: Data Science and Software Engineering.

### Faculty of Medicine[edit]

The faculty was inaugurated in 2006, and the first class graduated in 2012. Admission into the faculty is based on applicants' achievement scores in the high school national matriculation exam (Tawjihi). Study extends over six years, comprising three years of medical sciences and three in clinical training. Medical graduates are awarded a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree. The faculty is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools and the Foundation of International Medical Education Directory (FAIMER). It is also recognized by the UK General Medical Council (GMC).[35]

In addition to the M.D. program, the faculty grants post-graduate diplomas in Child Health and Nutrition for Physicians (DCHN), Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Vascular Surgery, in addition to a Masters of Science program in Disaster Management for Health Professionals which is a shared program with the Faculty of Health Sciences.[36]

The Faculty also is a recognized regional test center for the International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM) exams.[37] In 2016, the Faculty of Medicine established The Hayat Center for Emergency and Crisis Management, which offers training courses in emergency medicine and crisis management to medical and health science students and healthcare staff from the different governmental and non-governmental institutions.[38]

## Rankings[edit]

IUG Rankings in 2022 [16][21][39] Category  | Rank  | Year  | Ranking

|
|
|

Global Impact Rankings  | 601–800th  | 2023  | Times Higher Education
Arab University Impact Rankings  | 91-100th  | 2023  | Times Higher Education
Overall percentile  | 75th  | 2023  | Scimago Institutions Rankings
Research percentile  | 57th  | 2023  | Scimago Institutions Rankings
Innovation percentile  | 87th  | 2023  | Scimago Institutions Rankings
Societal percentile  | 60th  | 2023  | Scimago Institutions Rankings
Country rank  | 4th  | 2022  | UniRank
World rank  | 2542  | 2022  | UniRank

## Memberships and affiliations[edit]

IUG is a member of twelve regional and international associations and networks of higher education:[21]

* Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation
* Association of Arab Universities (AAU)
* Community of Mediterranean Universities (CMU)
* Eurasian Universities Union (EURAS)
* Euro-Mediterranean Universities Consortium TETHYS
* Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW)
* International Association of Universities (IAU)
* Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED)
* Peace Programme
* Réseau Méditerranéen des Ecoles d'Ingénieurs (RMEI)
* The Euro-Mediterranean University (EMUNI)
* Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Academic Network (BSEMAN)

The university has also developed partnerships with 142 higher education institutions around the world.[16]

## Donor institutions[edit]

The university has accepted donations from institutions such as the Arab Student Aid International, United Palestinian Appeal, Islamic Relief, the British Council, the World Bank, USAID,[40] the Islamic Development Bank and Human Appeal International.

The university has accepted donations from the Middle East Children's Alliance for its rebuilding efforts.[41]

## February 2007 incident[edit]

In February 2007, during the height of fighting between Hamas and Fatah, the dominating party in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA) Presidential Guards and Fatah militiamen stormed the Islamic University campus using mortars and rocket-propelled grenades, setting the library building and parts of the computer center and science building on fire.[42][43][44]

## Damage by Israeli air strikes[edit]

Just after midnight on 28/29 December 2008 local time, the university was bombed in six air strikes by the Israeli Air Force during the 2008 Gaza War. Palestinian academics claim that the attack destroyed 74 labs.[41] This included the destruction of the Biology Exhibition, which had contained an archive of regional biodiversity and historical specimens.[45]

An Israeli army spokeswoman told The Chronicle of Higher Education that university facilities were being used by Hamas to develop and store weapons including Qassam rockets used to target Israeli civilians. Hamas denied the Israeli allegation.[46][47] Human Rights Watch said that Israel's justification "did not address why a second strike demolished the women's quarters".[48] The United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict examined the incident and disputed the Israeli claims, concluding that: "the mission also saw the destruction caused at the Islamic University and in other university buildings that were destroyed or damaged. These were civilian, educational buildings and the Mission did not find any information about their use as a military facility or their contribution to a military effort that might have made them a legitimate target in the eyes of the Israeli armed forces."[49]

In its response to the strike, the university announced in a press release on January 21, 2009 that the university is an independent institution of higher education in Gaza and the largest among the Palestinian institutions, serving 20,000 students as an accredited member of several regional and international academic associations and organization. According to the press release, the attack destroyed the Science and Engineering buildings and damaged several others. The university called upon academics, local, regional and international higher educational and human rights institutions to speak out against the attacks.[50]

Several international academic institutions have proceeded to express their commitment to support IUG and other universities in Gaza. The International Association of Universities, of which IUG is a member, has claimed to have written to the university to express its deep concern over the effects of the war, and to be ready to mobilize its member universities in support of the rebuilding efforts of the university. Similarly, Prof. Espen Bjertness of the University of Oslo and member of the Steering Committee of PEACE,[51] stressed that “the sad situation for all academics caused by the bombing of our member university, Islamic University, Gaza and of the Gaza Community Mental Health Program calls for appropriate action”.[52]

The university was bombed again during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, where on August 2, an Israeli airstrike targeted the administration building, causing severe damage to the building and to nearby buildings and the university's mosque.[53] The Israeli army claimed it targeted a "weapon development" centre in the university, which the university denied.[13][53] The bombing came a day after what became known as the "black Friday", one of the deadliest episodes of the war.[54]

The university was attacked following the incursion by Hamas into Israel in 2023. Israeli force stated that the university had served as a "training institution for the development and production of weapons."[55]

## Relationship with Hamas[edit]

The Chronicle of Higher Education says that Islamic University was co-founded by one of the future founders of Hamas, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, in 1978.[56] In June 1996, Congressman Charles Schumer said in the U.S. Congress that the Islamic University of Gaza was "known as a Hamas bastion."[57]

Samar Sabih, considered Hamas's first female bombmaker, was recruited while studying at IUG in 2003, according to Israeli security officials.[58]

In 2006, Jameela El Shanty, a professor at the university, said that: "Hamas built this institution. The university presents the philosophy of Hamas. If you want to know what Hamas is, you can know it from the university."[59]

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy wrote in a piece on USAID funding of organisations with possible links to terrorism that connections exist between the university and Hamas.[60] The U.S. Office of Inspector General said in a 2007 audit of U.S. assistance to Palestinian universities that the IUG has been vetted eight times between 2002 and 2007, concluding that "the vetting did not reveal information that would preclude the awards from proceeding".[40]

Steven Erlanger, former Jerusalem bureau chief of the New York Times, described the IUG as "one of the prime means for Hamas to convert Palestinians to its Islamist cause," in a 2007 piece about Palestinian infighting and Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip.[61] This report was criticised by political economist Sara Roy of Harvard University, who stated that 'there can be no question that Hamas works within the framework of Islamic institutions in the Gaza Strip, and that there are certain direct links between Hamas and many of the social and economic institutions (in the strip). ... However, it is far more questionable whether an automatic and inevitable link exists between Hamas and Islamic social and economic institutions, whether those links are inherently subversive, or whether such institutions promote radicalism and violence as is commonly assumed." Roy also wrote: "logic maintains, institutional clients become automatically linked to Hamas and constitute a base of support for political Islam. As a result, Islamic social institutions become recruiting centers for the Hamas's military wing. There is however, little hard evidence to support any of these allegations."[62]

Arguing against such ties with Hamas were Marcy Newman and Akram Habeeb, who wrote for the Middle East Children's Alliance in 2009: "equally important for our American colleagues is to remove the false label that IUG is a "Hamas-controlled" institution. Just as Palestinians in Gaza belong to a variety of political parties, IUG's students, board, faculty and staff represent that reality. IUG is a university like any other in the Palestinian Territories that reflects the diversity of its population."[41]

In 2010, Journalist Thanassis Cambanis wrote in the Boston Globe that the university was "the brain trust and the engine room of Hamas".[63]

In October 2023, the Israeli military accused Hamas of turning the university “into a training camp for weapons development and military intelligence.”[64]

## Notable faculty[edit]

* Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi, co-founder of Hamas[65]
* Abelhaleem Hasan Abdelraziq Ashqar, Palestinian convicted of criminal contempt and obstruction of justice for refusal to testify in a trial related to the funding of Hamas in the US[66]
* Yunis Al Astal, Hamas leader and member of the Hamas Parliament[67]
* Nizar Rayan, high-ranking Hamas leader[68]
* Ismail Abu Shanab, one of the founders of Hamas[69]
* Ayman Taha, senior Hamas official and spokesman in the Gaza Strip[70]

## Notable students[edit]

* Khalil al-Hayya, senior Hamas official[71]
* Fathi Hamad, political leader of Hamas[72]
* Ismail Haniyeh, senior political leader of Hamas, chairman of Hamas’s political bureau[73]
* Ahmed Jabari, senior leader and second-in-command of the military wing of Hamas, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades[74]
* Sami Abu Zuhri, senior spokesman for Hamas[75]

## Gallery[edit]

* Selected images of IUG campuses over the past 15 years
* Official IUG logo

* Al-Quds building (Main building of the School of Engineering)

* Abdulkareem Liheedan building (arts building, females)

* Main conference hall

* The Faculty of Medicine and the affiliated Palestinian-Turkish Friendship Hospital buildings south of Gaza city (southern view).

* The Faculty of Medicine and the affiliated Palestinian-Turkish Friendship Hospital buildings south of Gaza city (northern view).

* A panoramic view of the IUG campus taken from atop the conference hall building. The administration building (center), the mosque (left), the cafeteria and Taiba buildings (right) are seen.

* Administration building as seen in 2021.

* IUG campus top view

* The science (center) and library (left) buildings as seen in from the western direction.

* The conference hall (right) and the continuous education building (left) can be seen.

* IUG Faculty of Medicine building is seen from the east.

## See also[edit]

* List of Islamic educational institutions
* List of Palestinian universities
* Education in the Palestinian territories

## References[edit]

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36. ^ "Academic Study > Post-graduate Diplomas". medicine.iugaza.edu.ps. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
37. ^ "About the IFOM Center – كلية الطب". Retrieved 2023-02-08.
38. ^ "Hayat Center for Emergency and Crisis Management – كلية الطب". Retrieved 2023-02-08.
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40. ^ a b OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL (December 10, 2007). "AUDIT OF USAID/WEST BANK AND GAZA'S ASSISTANCE TO AL-QUDS UNIVERSITY, THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN GAZA, AND AMERICAN NEAR EAST REFUGEE AID" (PDF). usaid.gov. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
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52. ^ "P.E.A.C.E. Programme". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
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75. ^ McCarthy, Rory (June 20, 2007). "Hamas ready for dialogue with Fatah" - via The Guardian.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Islamic University of Gaza.

* Official website
* Islamic University in photos
* General searching database for scholarships
* Publications of The Islamic University of Gaza (in Arabic)
* The Islamic University Conferences
* Report on connections between university and Hamas Archived 2021-07-23 at the Wayback Machine

* v
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Palestinian universities

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Gaza City

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* Sayed al-Hashim Mosque
* Sham'ah Mosque
* Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque

Churches|

* Saint Porphyrius Orthodox Church
* Holy Family Catholic Church
* Gaza Baptist Church†

Historic buildings and institutions|

* Ancient Synagogue
* Hamam al-Sammara
* Qasr al-Basha
* Qissariya Market
* Palestinian Centre for Human Rights
* Palestinian Legislative Council

Health care and education|

* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital
* Al-Aqsa Hospital
* Al-Aqsa University
* Al-Azhar University
* Al-Rantisi Hospital
* Islamic University
* Al-Shifa Hospital

Recreation and cultural centers|

* Al-Bustan
* Bisan City
* Al-Deira Hotel
* Faisal Equestrian Club
* Gaza Mall
* Gaza Museum of Archaeology
* Palestine Stadium
* Rashad Shawa Cultural Center
* Roots Club
* As-Sadaka

Streets and squares|

* Ahmad Orabi Street
* Izz al-Din al-Qassam Street
* Jamal Abdel Nasser Street
* Omar Mukhtar Street
* Palestine Square
* Salah al-Din Road
* Suq Street
* Unknown Soldier's Square
* Wehda Street

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Israel
* United States

31°30′47.23″N 34°26′25.64″E﻿ / ﻿31.5131194°N 34.4404556°E﻿ / 31.5131194; 34.4404556
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