Isotopes of barium

Isotopes of barium (56Ba) | Main isotopes[1] | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
130Ba  | 0.11%  | (0.5–2.7)×1021 y  | εε | 130Xe
131Ba  | synth | 11.52 d | β+ | 131Cs
132Ba  | 0.1%  | stable
133Ba  | synth  | 10.51 y | ε | 133Cs
134Ba  | 2.42%  | stable
135Ba  | 6.59%  | stable
136Ba  | 7.85%  | stable
137Ba  | 11.2%  | stable
138Ba  | 71.7%  | stable
140Ba  | synth  | 12.7534 d | β− | 140La
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ba)

* 137.327±0.007[2]
* 137.33±0.01 (abridged)[3]

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Naturally occurring barium (56Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001.[4] This nuclide decays by double electron capture (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×1021 years (about 1011 times the age of the universe).

There are a total of thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived isomer is 133mBa, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours. The shorter-lived 137mBa (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product caesium-137.

Barium-114 is predicted to undergo cluster decay, emitting a nucleus of stable 12C to produce 102Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%.

## List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[5]
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life[1]
| Decay
mode[1]
[n 4] | Daughter
isotope
[n 5][n 6] | Spin and
parity[1]
[n 7][n 8] | Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy  | Normal proportion[1] | Range of variation
114Ba  | 56  | 58  | 113.95072(11)  | 460(125) ms  | β+ (79%)  | 114Cs  | 0+  |  |
α (0.9%)  | 110Xe
β+, p (20%)  | 113Xe
CD (<.0034%)  | 102Sn, 12C
115Ba  | 56  | 59  | 114.94748(22)#  | 0.45(5) s  | β+ | 115Cs  | 5/2+#  |  |
β+, p (>15%)  | 114Xe
116Ba  | 56  | 60  | 115.94162(22)#  | 1.3(2) s  | β+ (97%)  | 116Cs  | 0+  |  |
β+, p (3%)  | 115Xe
117Ba  | 56  | 61  | 116.93832(27)  | 1.75(7) s  | β+ (87%)  | 117Cs  | (3/2+)  |  |
β+, p (13%)  | 116Xe
β+, α (0.024%)  | 113I
118Ba  | 56  | 62  | 117.93323(22)#  | 5.2(2) s  | β+ | 118Cs  | 0+  |  |
119Ba  | 56  | 63  | 118.93066(21)  | 5.4(3) s  | β+ (75%)  | 119Cs  | (3/2+)[6] |  |
β+, p (25%)  | 118Xe
119mBa[6] | 66.0 keV  | 360(20) ns  | IT | 119Ba  | (5/2−)  |  |
120Ba  | 56  | 64  | 119.92604(32)  | 24(2) s  | β+ | 120Cs  | 0+  |  |
121Ba  | 56  | 65  | 120.92405(15)  | 29.7(15) s  | β+ (99.98%)  | 121Cs  | 5/2+  |  |
β+, p (0.02%)  | 120Xe
122Ba  | 56  | 66  | 121.91990(3)  | 1.95(15) min  | β+ | 122Cs  | 0+  |  |
123Ba  | 56  | 67  | 122.918781(13)  | 2.7(4) min  | β+ | 123Cs  | 5/2+  |  |
123mBa  | 120.95(8) keV  | 830(60) ns  | IT  | 123Ba  | 1/2+#  |  |
124Ba  | 56  | 68  | 123.915094(13)  | 11.0(5) min  | β+ | 124Cs  | 0+  |  |
125Ba  | 56  | 69  | 124.914472(12)  | 3.3(3) min  | β+ | 125Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
125mBa  | 120(20)# keV  | 2.76(14) μs  | IT  | 125Ba  | (7/2−)  |  |
126Ba  | 56  | 70  | 125.911250(13)  | 100(2) min  | β+ | 126Cs  | 0+  |  |
127Ba  | 56  | 71  | 126.911091(12)  | 12.7(4) min  | β+ | 127Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
127mBa  | 80.32(11) keV  | 1.93(7) s  | IT  | 127Ba  | 7/2−  |  |
128Ba  | 56  | 72  | 127.9083524(17)  | 2.43(5) d  | EC | 128Cs  | 0+  |  |
129Ba  | 56  | 73  | 128.908683(11)  | 2.23(11) h  | β+ | 129Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
129mBa  | 8.42(6) keV  | 2.135(10) h  | β+ | 129Cs  | 7/2+  |  |
IT  | 129Ba
130Ba[n 9] | 56  | 74  | 129.9063260(3)  | ≈ 1×1021 y | 2EC?  | 130Xe | 0+  | 0.0011(1)  |
130mBa  | 2475.12(18) keV  | 9.54(14) ms  | IT  | 130Ba | 8−  |  |
131Ba  | 56  | 75  | 130.9069463(4)  | 11.52(1) d  | β+ | 131Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
131mBa  | 187.995(9) keV  | 14.26(9) min  | IT  | 131Ba  | 9/2−  |  |
132Ba  | 56  | 76  | 131.9050612(11)  | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 0+  | 0.0010(1)  |
133Ba  | 56  | 77  | 132.9060074(11)  | 10.5379(16) y  | EC  | 133Cs | 1/2+  |  |
133mBa  | 288.252(9) keV  | 38.90(6) h  | IT (99.99%)  | 133Ba  | 11/2−  |  |
EC (0.0104%)  | 133Cs
134Ba  | 56  | 78  | 133.90450825(27)  | Stable | 0+  | 0.0242(15)  |
134mBa  | 2957.2(5) keV  | 2.61(13) μs  | IT  | 134Ba | 10+  |  |
135Ba  | 56  | 79  | 134.90568845(26)  | Stable | 3/2+  | 0.0659(10)  |
135m1Ba  | 268.218(20) keV  | 28.11(2) h  | IT  | 135Ba | 11/2−  |  |
135m2Ba  | 2388.0(5) keV  | 1.06(4) ms  | IT  | 135Ba | (23/2+)  |  |
136Ba  | 56  | 80  | 135.90457580(26)  | Stable | 0+  | 0.0785(24)  |
136m1Ba  | 2030.535(18) keV  | 308.4(19) ms  | IT  | 136Ba | 7−  |  |
136m2Ba  | 3357.19(25) keV  | 91(2) ns  | IT  | 136Ba | 10+  |  |
137Ba  | 56  | 81  | 136.90582721(27)  | Stable | 3/2+  | 0.1123(23)  |
137m1Ba  | 661.659(3) keV  | 2.552(1) min  | IT  | 137Ba | 11/2−  |  |
137m2Ba  | 2349.1(5) keV  | 589(20) ns  | IT  | 137Ba | (19/2−)  |  |
138Ba[n 11] | 56  | 82  | 137.90524706(27)  | Stable | 0+  | 0.7170(29)  |
138mBa  | 2090.536(21) keV  | 850(100) ns  | IT  | 138Ba | 6+  |  |
139Ba[n 11] | 56  | 83  | 138.90884116(27)  | 82.93(9) min  | β− | 139La | 7/2−  |  |
140Ba[n 11] | 56  | 84  | 139.910608(8)  | 12.7534(21) d  | β− | 140La  | 0+  |  |
141Ba[n 11] | 56  | 85  | 140.914404(6)  | 18.27(7) min  | β− | 141La  | 3/2−  |  |
142Ba[n 11] | 56  | 86  | 141.916433(6)  | 10.6(2) min  | β− | 142La  | 0+  |  |
143Ba[n 11] | 56  | 87  | 142.920625(7)  | 14.5(3) s  | β− | 143La  | 5/2−  |  |
144Ba[n 11] | 56  | 88  | 143.922955(8)  | 11.73(8) s  | β− | 144La  | 0+  |  |
145Ba  | 56  | 89  | 144.927518(9)  | 4.31(16) s  | β− | 145La  | 5/2−  |  |
146Ba  | 56  | 90  | 145.9303632(19)  | 2.15(4) s  | β− | 146La  | 0+  |  |
147Ba  | 56  | 91  | 146.935304(21)  | 893(1) ms  | β− (99.93%)  | 147La  | 5/2−  |  |
β−, n (0.07%)  | 146La
148Ba  | 56  | 92  | 147.9382230(16)  | 620(5) ms  | β− (99.6%)  | 148La  | 0+  |  |
β−, n (0.4%)  | 147La
149Ba  | 56  | 93  | 148.9432840(27)  | 349(4) ms  | β− (96.1%)  | 149La  | 3/2−#  |  |
β−, n (3.9%)  | 148La
150Ba  | 56  | 94  | 149.946441(6)  | 258(5) ms  | β− (99.0%)  | 150La  | 0+  |  |
β−, n (1.0%)  | 149La
151Ba  | 56  | 95  | 150.95176(43)#  | 167(5) ms  | β− | 151La  | 3/2−#  |  |
β−, n?  | 150La
152Ba  | 56  | 96  | 151.95533(43)#  | 139(8) ms  | β− | 152La  | 0+  |  |
β−, n?  | 151La
153Ba  | 56  | 97  | 152.96085(43)#  | 113(39) ms  | β− | 153La  | 5/2−#  |  |
β−, n?  | 152La
β−, 2n?  | 151La
154Ba  | 56  | 98  | 153.96466(54)#  | 53(48) ms  | β− | 154La  | 0+  |  |
This table header & footer:

* view

1. ^ mBa - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ^ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ^ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ^ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

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CD: | Cluster decay
IT: | Isomeric transition
n: | Neutron emission
p: | Proton emission
5. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
6. ^ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
7. ^ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ^ # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
9. ^ Primordial radioisotope
10. ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a half-life over 3×1020 years
11. ^ a b c d e f g Fission product

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Barium". CIAAW. 1985.
3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
4. ^ Meshik, A.P.; Hohenberg, C.M.; Pravdivtseva, O.V.; Kapusta, Y.S. (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C. 64 (3): 035205–1–035205–6. Bibcode:2001PhRvC..64c5205M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205.
5. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
6. ^ a b Zheng, K. K.; Petrache, C. M.; Zhang, Z. H.; Astier, A.; Lv, B. F.; Greenlees, P. T.; Grahn, T.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Luoma, M.; Ojala, J.; Pakarinen, J.; Partanen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Tann, H.; Uusitalo, J.; Zimba, G.; Cederwall, B.; Aktas, ö.; Ertoprak, A.; Zhang, W.; Guo, S.; Liu, M. L.; Zhou, X. H.; Kuti, I.; Nyakó, B. M.; Sohler, D.; Timár, J.; Andreoiu, C.; Doncel, M.; Joss, D. T.; Page, R. D. (30 July 2021). "Neutron excitations in Ba 119" (PDF). Physical Review C. 104 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.104.014326.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.0013-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon,+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot,+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra,+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Isotopes+of+barium" class="Z3988">
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800\. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.683-800&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351/pac200375060683&rft.aulast=de+Laeter&rft.aufirst=John+Robert&rft.au=Böhlke,+John+Karl&rft.au=De+Bièvre,+Paul&rft.au=Hidaka,+Hiroshi&rft.au=Peiser,+H.+Steffen&rft.au=Rosman,+Kevin+J.+R.&rft.au=Taylor,+Philip+D.+P.&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Isotopes+of+barium" class="Z3988">
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066\. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.2051-2066&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1351/pac200678112051&rft.aulast=Wieser&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Isotopes+of+barium" class="Z3988">
* "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.0013-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon,+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot,+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra,+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Isotopes+of+barium" class="Z3988">
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
* Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
* Half-life of 130Ba from:
* A. P. Meshik; C. M. Hohenberg; O. V. Pravdivtseva; Ya. S. Kapusta (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C. 64 (3): 035205 [6 pages]. Bibcode:2001PhRvC..64c5205M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205.
* M. Pujol; B. Marty; P. Burnard; P. Philippot (2009). "Xenon in Archean barite: Weak decay of 130Ba, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and implication for barite formation". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 73 (22): 6834–6846\. Bibcode:2009GeCoA..73.6834P. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.002.6834-6846&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.002&rft_id=info:bibcode/2009GeCoA..73.6834P&rft.au=M.+Pujol&rft.au=B.+Marty&rft.au=P.+Burnard&rft.au=P.+Philippot&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Isotopes+of+barium" class="Z3988">

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Isotopes of the chemical elements

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