Isotopes of polonium

Nuclides with atomic number of 84 but with different mass numbers

Isotopes of polonium (84Po) | Main isotopes[1] | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
208Po  | synth | 2.898 y | α | 204Pb
β+ | 208Bi
209Po  | synth  | 124 y | α | 205Pb
β+ | 209Bi
210Po | trace | 138.376 d | α | 206Pb

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There are 42 isotopes of polonium (84Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. 210Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. 209Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 124 years. 209Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can 208Po.[2]

## List of isotopes[edit]

Nuclide
[n 1] | Historic
name  | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
| Decay
mode
| Daughter
isotope
[n 4][n 5] | Spin and
parity
[n 6][n 7] | Isotopic
abundance

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Excitation energy[n 7]
186Po  |  | 84  | 102  | 186.004403(20)  | 28+16
−6 μs
| α | 182Pb  | 0+  |
187Po  |  | 84  | 103  | 187.003030(40)  | 1.40(25) ms  | α  | 183Pb  | 1/2-, 5/2-  |
187mPo  |  | 4(27) keV  | 0.5 ms  | α  | 183Pb  | 13/2+#  |
188Po  |  | 84  | 104  | 187.999416(21)  | 270(30) μs  | α  | 184Pb  | 0+  |
189Po  |  | 84  | 105  | 188.998473(24)  | 3.5(5) ms  | α  | 185Pb  | (5/2−)  |
190Po  |  | 84  | 106  | 189.995102(14)  | 2.45(5) ms  | α | 186Pb  | 0+  |
191Po  |  | 84  | 107  | 190.994558(8)  | 22(1) ms  | α  | 187Pb  | 3/2−  |
191mPo  |  | 61(11) keV  | 93(3) ms  | α  | 187mPb  | 13/2+  |
192Po  |  | 84  | 108  | 191.991340(11)  | 32.2(3) ms  | α  | 188Pb  | 0+  |
192mPo  |  | 2294.6(10) keV  | 580(100) ns  | IT  | 192Po  | 11-  |
193Po  |  | 84  | 109  | 192.991062(16)  | 399(34) ms  | α  | 189Pb  | 3/2−  |
193mPo  |  | 100(6) keV  | 245(11) ms  | α  | 189mPb  | 13/2+  |
194Po  |  | 84  | 110  | 193.988186(14)  | 392(4) ms  | α  | 190Pb  | 0+  |
194mPo  |  | 2313.4(3) keV  | 12.9(5) μs  | IT | 194Po  | (10−)  |
195Po  |  | 84  | 111  | 194.988066(6)  | 4.64(9) s  | α (94%)  | 191Pb  | 3/2−  |
β+?  | 195Bi
195mPo  |  | 148(9) keV  | 1.92(2) s  | α  | 191mPb  | 13/2+  |
196Po  |  | 84  | 112  | 195.985541(6)  | 5.56(12) s  | α (94%)  | 192Pb  | 0+  |
β+?  | 196Bi
196mPo  |  | 2493.9(4) keV  | 856(17) ns  | IT  | 196Po  | 11−  |
197Po  |  | 84  | 113  | 196.985622(11)  | 53.6(9) s  | β+?  | 197Bi  | (3/2−)  |
α (44%)  | 193Pb
197mPo  |  | 196(12)# keV  | 25.8(1) s  | α (84%)  | 193mPb  | 13/2+  |
β+?  | 197Bi
IT?  | 197Po
198Po  |  | 84  | 114  | 197.983389(19)  | 1.760(24) min  | α (57%)  | 194Pb  | 0+  |
β+ (43%)  | 198Bi
198m1Po  |  | 2565.92(20) keV  | 200(20) ns  | IT  | 198Po  | 11−  |
198m2Po  |  | 2740(50)# keV  | 750(50) ns  | IT  | 198Po  | 12+  |
199Po  |  | 84  | 115  | 198.983666(25)  | 5.48(16) min  | β+ (92.5%)  | 199Bi  | (3/2−)  |
α (7.5%)  | 195Pb
199mPo  |  | 312.0(28) keV  | 4.17(4) min  | β+ (73.5%)  | 199Bi  | 13/2+  |
α (24%)  | 195Pb
IT (2.5%)  | 199Po
200Po  |  | 84  | 116  | 199.981799(15)  | 11.5(1) min  | β+ (88.8%)  | 200Bi  | 0+  |
α (11.1%)  | 196Pb
201Po  |  | 84  | 117  | 200.982260(6)  | 15.3(2) min  | β+ (98.4%)  | 201Bi  | 3/2−  |
α (1.6%)  | 197Pb
201mPo  |  | 424.1(24) keV  | 8.9(2) min  | IT (56%)  | 201Po  | 13/2+  |
EC (41%)  | 201Bi
α (2.9%)  | 197Pb
202Po  |  | 84  | 118  | 201.980758(16)  | 44.7(5) min  | β+ (98%)  | 202Bi  | 0+  |
α (2%)  | 198Pb
202mPo  |  | 2626.7(7) keV  | >200 ns  |  |  | 11−  |
203Po  |  | 84  | 119  | 202.981420(28)  | 36.7(5) min  | β+ (99.89%)  | 203Bi  | 5/2−  |
α (.11%)  | 199Pb
203m1Po  |  | 641.49(17) keV  | 45(2) s  | IT (99.96%)  | 203Po  | 13/2+  |
α (.04%)  | 199Pb
203m2Po  |  | 2158.5(6) keV  | >200 ns  |  |  |  |
204Po  |  | 84  | 120  | 203.980318(12)  | 3.53(2) h  | β+ (99.33%)  | 204Bi  | 0+  |
α (.66%)  | 200Pb
205Po  |  | 84  | 121  | 204.981203(21)  | 1.66(2) h  | β+ (99.96%)  | 205Bi  | 5/2−  |
α (.04%)  | 201Pb
205m1Po  |  | 143.166(17) keV  | 310(60) ns  |  |  | 1/2−  |
205m2Po  |  | 880.30(4) keV  | 645 μs  |  |  | 13/2+  |
205m3Po  |  | 1461.21(21) keV  | 57.4(9) ms  | IT  | 205Po  | 19/2−  |
205m4Po  |  | 3087.2(4) keV  | 115(10) ns  |  |  | 29/2−  |
206Po  |  | 84  | 122  | 205.980481(9)  | 8.8(1) d  | β+ (94.55%)  | 206Bi  | 0+  |
α (5.45%)  | 202Pb
206m1Po  |  | 1585.85(11) keV  | 222(10) ns  |  |  | (8+)#  |
206m2Po  |  | 2262.22(14) keV  | 1.05(6) μs  |  |  | (9−)#  |
207Po  |  | 84  | 123  | 206.981593(7)  | 5.80(2) h  | β+ (99.97%)  | 207Bi  | 5/2−  |
α (.021%)  | 203Pb
207m1Po  |  | 68.573(14) keV  | 205(10) ns  |  |  | 1/2−  |
207m2Po  |  | 1115.073(16) keV  | 49(4) μs  |  |  | 13/2+  |
207m3Po  |  | 1383.15(6) keV  | 2.79(8) s  | IT  | 207Po  | 19/2−  |
208Po  |  | 84  | 124  | 207.9812457(19)  | 2.898(2) y  | α (99.99%)  | 204Pb | 0+  |
β+ (.00277%)  | 208Bi
209Po  |  | 84  | 125  | 208.9824304(20)  | 124(3) y  | α (99.546%)  | 205Pb  | 1/2−  |
ε (.454%)  | 209Bi
210Po[n 8] | Radium F  | 84  | 126  | 209.9828737(13)  | 138.376(2) d  | α  | 206Pb | 0+  | Trace[n 9]
210mPo  |  | 5057.61(4) keV  | 263(5) ns  |  |  | 16+  |
211Po  | Actinium C'  | 84  | 127  | 210.9866532(14)  | 516(3) ms  | α  | 207Pb | 9/2+  | Trace[n 10]
211m1Po  |  | 1462(5) keV  | 25.2(6) s  | α (99.98%)  | 207Pb | (25/2+)  |
IT (.016%)  | 211Po
211m2Po  |  | 2135.7(9) keV  | 243(21) ns  |  |  | (31/2−)  |
211m3Po  |  | 4873.3(17) keV  | 2.8(7) μs  |  |  | (43/2+)  |
212Po  | Thorium C'  | 84  | 128  | 211.9888680(13)  | 294.4(8) ns[1] | α  | 208Pb | 0+  | Trace[n 11]
212mPo  |  | 2911(12) keV  | 45.1(6) s  | α (99.93%)  | 208Pb | (18+)  |
IT (.07%)  | 212Po
213Po  |  | 84  | 129  | 212.992857(3)  | 3.65(4) μs  | α  | 209Pb  | 9/2+  | Trace[n 12]
214Po  | Radium C'  | 84  | 130  | 213.9952014(16)  | 164.3(20) μs  | α  | 210Pb  | 0+  | Trace[n 9]
215Po  | Actinium A  | 84  | 131  | 214.9994200(27)  | 1.781(4) ms  | α (99.99%)  | 211Pb  | 9/2+  | Trace[n 10]
β− (2.3×10−4%)  | 215At
216Po  | Thorium A  | 84  | 132  | 216.0019150(24)  | 145(2) ms  | α[n 13] | 212Pb  | 0+  | Trace[n 11]
217Po  |  | 84  | 133  | 217.006335(7)  | 1.47(5) s  | α (95%)  | 213Pb  | 5/2+#  | Trace[n 12]
β− (5%)  | 217At
218Po  | Radium A  | 84  | 134  | 218.0089730(26)  | 3.10(1) min  | α (99.98%)  | 214Pb  | 0+  | Trace[n 9]
β− (.02%)  | 218At
219Po  |  | 84  | 135  | 219.01361(16)  | 10.3(1) min  | α (28.2%)  | 215Pb  | 9/2+#  |
β− (71.8%)  | 219At
220Po  |  | 84  | 136  | 220.0164(18)  | 40# s
[>300 ns]  | β− | 220At  | 0+  |
221Po  |  | 84  | 137  | 221.02123(20)  | 2.2(0.7) min  | β− | 221At  | 9/2+#  |
222Po  |  | 84  | 138  | 222.024144(40)  | 9.1(7.2) min  | β− | 222At  | 0+  |
223Po  |  | 84  | 139  | 223.02907(21)#  | 6# s
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 223At  | 11/2+#  |
224Po  |  | 84  | 140  | 224.03211(21)#  | 3# min
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 224At  | 0+  |
225Po  |  | 84  | 141  | 225.03712(32)#  | 10# s
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 225At  | 3/2+#  |
226Po  |  | 84  | 142  | 226.04031(43)#  | 1# min
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 226At  | 0+  |
227Po  |  | 84  | 143  | 227.04539(43)#  | 2# s
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 227At  | 5/2+#  |
This table header & footer:

* view

1. ^ mPo - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ^ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ^ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
5. ^ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
6. ^ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
7. ^ a b # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
8. ^ Most common isotope
9. ^ a b c Intermediate decay product of 238U
10. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 235U
11. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 232Th
12. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 237Np
13. ^ Theoretically capable of β-β- decay to 216Rn[1]

## See also[edit]

* Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko (with 210Po)

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. ^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484\. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22\. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.

General references

Isotope data is sourced in:

* Atomic weights of the elements:

de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

* "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
* Isotopic mass, spin and parity

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

* Half-life

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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Isotopes of the chemical elements

| Group | 1 | 2 |  | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18

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Period | Hydrogen and
alkali metals  | Alkaline
earth metals  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Pnicto­gens  | Chal­co­gens  | Halo­gens  | Noble gases
① |

Isotopes Allotropes

1  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

② |

Isotopes Allotropes

3  |

Isotopes Allotropes

4  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

8  |

Isotopes Allotropes

9  |

Isotopes Allotropes

③ |

Isotopes Allotropes

11  |

Isotopes Allotropes

12  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

13  |

Isotopes Allotropes

14  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

④ |

Isotopes Allotropes

19  |

Isotopes Allotropes

20  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

21  |

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⑤ |

Isotopes Allotropes

37  |

Isotopes Allotropes

38  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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46  |

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Isotopes Allotropes

48  |

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49  |

Isotopes Allotropes

50  |

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Isotopes Allotropes

⑥ |

Isotopes Allotropes

55  |

Isotopes Allotropes

56  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

71  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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80  |

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81  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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83  |

Isotopes Allotropes

84  |

Isotopes Allotropes

85  |

Isotopes Allotropes

⑦ |

Isotopes Allotropes

87  |

Isotopes Allotropes

88  |  |

Isotopes Allotropes

103  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

114  |

Isotopes Allotropes

115  |

Isotopes Allotropes

116  |

Isotopes Allotropes

117  |

Isotopes Allotropes

118
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Isotopes Allotropes

Uue

119  |

Isotopes Allotropes

Ubn

120
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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

70  |
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Isotopes Allotropes

89  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

91  |

Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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Isotopes Allotropes

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