Isotopes of polonium

Isotopes of polonium (84Po) | Main isotopes[1] | Decay

|

| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
208Po  | synth | 2.898 y | α | 204Pb
β+ | 208Bi
209Po  | synth  | 124 y | α | 205Pb
β+ | 209Bi
210Po | trace | 138.376 d | α | 206Pb

* view
* talk
* edit

There are 42 isotopes of polonium (84Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. 210Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. 209Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 124 years. 209Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can 208Po.[2]

## List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide
[n 1] | Historic
name  | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
| Decay
mode
| Daughter
isotope
[n 4][n 5] | Spin and
parity
[n 6][n 7] | Isotopic
abundance

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Excitation energy[n 7]
186Po  |  | 84  | 102  | 186.004403(20)  | 28+16
−6 μs
| α | 182Pb  | 0+  |
187Po  |  | 84  | 103  | 187.003030(40)  | 1.40(25) ms  | α  | 183Pb  | 1/2−, 5/2−  |
187mPo  |  | 4(27) keV  | 0.5 ms  | α  | 183Pb  | 13/2+#  |
188Po  |  | 84  | 104  | 187.999416(21)  | 270(30) μs  | α  | 184Pb  | 0+  |
189Po  |  | 84  | 105  | 188.998473(24)  | 3.5(5) ms  | α  | 185Pb  | (5/2−)  |
190Po  |  | 84  | 106  | 189.995102(14)  | 2.45(5) ms  | α  | 186Pb  | 0+  |
191Po  |  | 84  | 107  | 190.994558(8)  | 22(1) ms  | α  | 187Pb  | 3/2−  |
191mPo  |  | 61(11) keV  | 93(3) ms  | α  | 187mPb  | 13/2+  |
192Po  |  | 84  | 108  | 191.991340(11)  | 32.2(3) ms  | α  | 188Pb  | 0+  |
192mPo  |  | 2294.6(10) keV  | 580(100) ns  | IT | 192Po  | 11−  |
193Po  |  | 84  | 109  | 192.991062(16)  | 399(34) ms  | α  | 189Pb  | 3/2−  |
193mPo  |  | 100(6) keV  | 245(11) ms  | α  | 189mPb  | 13/2+  |
194Po  |  | 84  | 110  | 193.988186(14)  | 392(4) ms  | α  | 190Pb  | 0+  |
194mPo  |  | 2313.4(3) keV  | 12.9(5) μs  | IT  | 194Po  | (10−)  |
195Po  |  | 84  | 111  | 194.988066(6)  | 4.64(9) s  | α (94%)  | 191Pb  | 3/2−  |
β+?  | 195Bi
195mPo  |  | 148(9) keV  | 1.92(2) s  | α  | 191mPb  | 13/2+  |
196Po  |  | 84  | 112  | 195.985541(6)  | 5.56(12) s  | α (94%)  | 192Pb  | 0+  |
β+?  | 196Bi
196mPo  |  | 2493.9(4) keV  | 856(17) ns  | IT  | 196Po  | 11−  |
197Po  |  | 84  | 113  | 196.985622(11)  | 53.6(9) s  | β+?  | 197Bi  | (3/2−)  |
α (44%)  | 193Pb
197mPo  |  | 196(12)# keV  | 25.8(1) s  | α (84%)  | 193mPb  | 13/2+  |
β+?  | 197Bi
IT?  | 197Po
198Po  |  | 84  | 114  | 197.983389(19)  | 1.760(24) min  | α (57%)  | 194Pb  | 0+  |
β+ (43%)  | 198Bi
198m1Po  |  | 2565.92(20) keV  | 200(20) ns  | IT  | 198Po  | 11−  |
198m2Po  |  | 2740(50)# keV  | 750(50) ns  | IT  | 198Po  | 12+  |
199Po  |  | 84  | 115  | 198.983666(25)  | 5.48(16) min  | β+ (92.5%)  | 199Bi  | (3/2−)  |
α (7.5%)  | 195Pb
199mPo  |  | 312.0(28) keV  | 4.17(4) min  | β+ (73.5%)  | 199Bi  | 13/2+  |
α (24%)  | 195Pb
IT (2.5%)  | 199Po
200Po  |  | 84  | 116  | 199.981799(15)  | 11.5(1) min  | β+ (88.8%)  | 200Bi  | 0+  |
α (11.1%)  | 196Pb
201Po  |  | 84  | 117  | 200.982260(6)  | 15.3(2) min  | β+ (98.4%)  | 201Bi  | 3/2−  |
α (1.6%)  | 197Pb
201mPo  |  | 424.1(24) keV  | 8.9(2) min  | IT (56.2(12)%)  | 201Po  | 13/2+  |
β+ (41.4(7)%)  | 201Bi
α (2.4(5)%)  | 197Pb
202Po  |  | 84  | 118  | 201.980758(16)  | 44.7(5) min  | β+ (98%)  | 202Bi  | 0+  |
α (2%)  | 198Pb
202mPo  |  | 2626.7(7) keV  | >200 ns  |  |  | 11−  |
203Po  |  | 84  | 119  | 202.981420(28)  | 36.7(5) min  | β+ (99.89%)  | 203Bi  | 5/2−  |
α (.11%)  | 199Pb
203m1Po  |  | 641.49(17) keV  | 45(2) s  | IT (99.96%)  | 203Po  | 13/2+  |
α (.04%)  | 199Pb
203m2Po  |  | 2158.5(6) keV  | >200 ns  |  |  |  |
204Po  |  | 84  | 120  | 203.980318(12)  | 3.53(2) h  | β+ (99.33%)  | 204Bi  | 0+  |
α (.66%)  | 200Pb
205Po  |  | 84  | 121  | 204.981203(21)  | 1.66(2) h  | β+ (99.96%)  | 205Bi  | 5/2−  |
α (.04%)  | 201Pb
205m1Po  |  | 143.166(17) keV  | 310(60) ns  |  |  | 1/2−  |
205m2Po  |  | 880.30(4) keV  | 645 μs  |  |  | 13/2+  |
205m3Po  |  | 1461.21(21) keV  | 57.4(9) ms  | IT  | 205Po  | 19/2−  |
205m4Po  |  | 3087.2(4) keV  | 115(10) ns  |  |  | 29/2−  |
206Po  |  | 84  | 122  | 205.980481(9)  | 8.8(1) d  | β+ (94.55%)  | 206Bi  | 0+  |
α (5.45%)  | 202Pb
206m1Po  |  | 1585.85(11) keV  | 222(10) ns  |  |  | (8+)#  |
206m2Po  |  | 2262.22(14) keV  | 1.05(6) μs  |  |  | (9−)#  |
207Po  |  | 84  | 123  | 206.981593(7)  | 5.80(2) h  | β+ (99.97%)  | 207Bi  | 5/2−  |
α (.021%)  | 203Pb
207m1Po  |  | 68.573(14) keV  | 205(10) ns  |  |  | 1/2−  |
207m2Po  |  | 1115.073(16) keV  | 49(4) μs  |  |  | 13/2+  |
207m3Po  |  | 1383.15(6) keV  | 2.79(8) s  | IT  | 207Po  | 19/2−  |
208Po  |  | 84  | 124  | 207.9812457(19)  | 2.898(2) y  | α (99.99%)  | 204Pb | 0+  |
β+ (.00277%)  | 208Bi
209Po  |  | 84  | 125  | 208.9824304(20)  | 124(3) y  | α (99.546%)  | 205Pb  | 1/2−  |
β+ (.454%)  | 209Bi
210Po[n 8] | Radium F  | 84  | 126  | 209.9828737(13)  | 138.376(2) d  | α  | 206Pb | 0+  | Trace[n 9]
210mPo  |  | 5057.61(4) keV  | 263(5) ns  |  |  | 16+  |
211Po  | Actinium C'  | 84  | 127  | 210.9866532(14)  | 516(3) ms  | α  | 207Pb | 9/2+  | Trace[n 10]
211m1Po  |  | 1462(5) keV  | 25.2(6) s  | α (99.98%)  | 207Pb | (25/2+)  |
IT (.016%)  | 211Po
211m2Po  |  | 2135.7(9) keV  | 243(21) ns  |  |  | (31/2−)  |
211m3Po  |  | 4873.3(17) keV  | 2.8(7) μs  |  |  | (43/2+)  |
212Po  | Thorium C'  | 84  | 128  | 211.9888680(13)  | 294.4(8) ns[1] | α  | 208Pb | 0+  | Trace[n 11]
212mPo  |  | 2911(12) keV  | 45.1(6) s  | α (99.93%)  | 208Pb | (18+)  |
IT (.07%)[3][4] | 212Po
213Po  |  | 84  | 129  | 212.992857(3)  | 3.65(4) μs  | α  | 209Pb  | 9/2+  | Trace[n 12]
214Po  | Radium C'  | 84  | 130  | 213.9952014(16)  | 164.3(20) μs  | α  | 210Pb  | 0+  | Trace[n 9]
215Po  | Actinium A  | 84  | 131  | 214.9994200(27)  | 1.781(4) ms  | α  | 211Pb  | 9/2+  | Trace[n 10]
β− (2.3×10−4%)  | 215At
216Po  | Thorium A  | 84  | 132  | 216.0019150(24)  | 145(2) ms  | α[n 13] | 212Pb  | 0+  | Trace[n 11]
217Po  |  | 84  | 133  | 217.006335(7)  | 1.47(5) s  | α (95%)  | 213Pb  | 5/2+#  | Trace[n 12]
β− (5%)  | 217At
218Po  | Radium A  | 84  | 134  | 218.0089730(26)  | 3.10(1) min  | α (99.98%)  | 214Pb  | 0+  | Trace[n 9]
β− (.02%)  | 218At
219Po  |  | 84  | 135  | 219.01361(16)  | 10.3(1) min  | β− (71.8%)  | 219At  | 9/2+#  |
α (28.2%)  | 215Pb
220Po  |  | 84  | 136  | 220.0164(18)  | 40# s
[>300 ns]  | β− | 220At  | 0+  |
221Po  |  | 84  | 137  | 221.02123(20)  | 2.2(0.7) min  | β− | 221At  | 9/2+#  |
222Po  |  | 84  | 138  | 222.024144(40)  | 9.1(7.2) min  | β− | 222At  | 0+  |
223Po  |  | 84  | 139  | 223.02907(21)#  | 6# s
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 223At  | 11/2+#  |
224Po  |  | 84  | 140  | 224.03211(21)#  | 3# min
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 224At  | 0+  |
225Po  |  | 84  | 141  | 225.03712(32)#  | 10# s
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 225At  | 3/2+#  |
226Po  |  | 84  | 142  | 226.04031(43)#  | 1# min
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 226At  | 0+  |
227Po  |  | 84  | 143  | 227.04539(43)#  | 2# s
[>300 ns]  | β−?  | 227At  | 5/2+#  |
This table header & footer:

* view

1. ^ mPo - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ^ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ^ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
5. ^ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
6. ^ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
7. ^ a b # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
8. ^ Most common isotope
9. ^ a b c Intermediate decay product of 238U
10. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 235U
11. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 232Th
12. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 237Np
13. ^ Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 216Rn[1]

## See also

[edit]

* Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko (with 210Po)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. ^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484\. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22\. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
3. ^ Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
4. ^ "Adopted Levels for 212Po". NNDC Chart of Nuclides.

General references

Isotope data is sourced in:

* Isotopic mass, spin and parity

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

* Half-life

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

* v
* t
* e

Isotopes of the chemical elements

| Group | 1 | 2 |  | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Period | Hydrogen and
alkali metals  | Alkaline
earth metals  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Pnicto­gens  | Chal­co­gens  | Halo­gens  | Noble gases
① |

Isotopes § List

1  |  |

Isotopes § List

② |

Isotopes § List

3  |

Isotopes § List

4  |  |

Isotopes § List

5  |

Isotopes § List

6  |

Isotopes § List

7  |

Isotopes § List

8  |

Isotopes § List

9  |

Isotopes § List

③ |

Isotopes § List

11  |

Isotopes § List

12  |  |

Isotopes § List

13  |

Isotopes § List

14  |

Isotopes § List

15  |

Isotopes § List

16  |

Isotopes § List

17  |

Isotopes § List

④ |

Isotopes § List

19  |

Isotopes § List

20  |  |

Isotopes § List

21  |

Isotopes § List

22  |

Isotopes § List

23  |

Isotopes § List

24  |

Isotopes § List

25  |

Isotopes § List

26  |

Isotopes § List

27  |

Isotopes § List

28  |

Isotopes § List

29  |

Isotopes § List

30  |

Isotopes § List

31  |

Isotopes § List

32  |

Isotopes § List

33  |

Isotopes § List

34  |

Isotopes § List

35  |

Isotopes § List

⑤ |

Isotopes § List

37  |

Isotopes § List

38  |  |

Isotopes § List

39  |

Isotopes § List

40  |

Isotopes § List

41  |

Isotopes § List

42  |

Isotopes § List

43  |

Isotopes § List

44  |

Isotopes § List

45  |

Isotopes § List

46  |

Isotopes § List

47  |

Isotopes § List

48  |

Isotopes § List

49  |

Isotopes § List

50  |

Isotopes § List

51  |

Isotopes § List

52  |

Isotopes § List

53  |

Isotopes § List

⑥ |

Isotopes § List

55  |

Isotopes § List

56  |  |

Isotopes § List

71  |

Isotopes § List

72  |

Isotopes § List

73  |

Isotopes § List

74  |

Isotopes § List

75  |

Isotopes § List

76  |

Isotopes § List

77  |

Isotopes § List

78  |

Isotopes § List

79  |

Isotopes § List

80  |

Isotopes § List

81  |

Isotopes § List

82  |

Isotopes § List

83  |

Isotopes § List

84  |

Isotopes § List

85  |

Isotopes § List

⑦ |

Isotopes § List

87  |

Isotopes § List

88  |  |

Isotopes § List

103  |

Isotopes § List

104  |

Isotopes § List

105  |

Isotopes § List

106  |

Isotopes § List

107  |

Isotopes § List

108  |

Isotopes § List

109  |

Isotopes § List

110  |

Isotopes § List

111  |

Isotopes § List

112  |

Isotopes § List

113  |

Isotopes § List

114  |

Isotopes § List

115  |

Isotopes § List

116  |

Isotopes § List

117  |

Isotopes § List

118
⑧ |

Isotopes § List

Uue

119  |

Isotopes § List

Ubn

120
|  |  |  |

Isotopes § List

57  |

Isotopes § List

58  |

Isotopes § List

59  |

Isotopes § List

60  |

Isotopes § List

61  |

Isotopes § List

62  |

Isotopes § List

63  |

Isotopes § List

64  |

Isotopes § List

65  |

Isotopes § List

66  |

Isotopes § List

67  |

Isotopes § List

68  |

Isotopes § List

69  |

Isotopes § List

70  |
|  |

Isotopes § List

89  |

Isotopes § List

90  |

Isotopes § List

91  |

Isotopes § List

92  |

Isotopes § List

93  |

Isotopes § List

94  |

Isotopes § List

95  |

Isotopes § List

96  |

Isotopes § List

97  |

Isotopes § List

98  |

Isotopes § List

99  |

Isotopes § List

100  |

Isotopes § List

101  |

Isotopes § List

102

* Table of nuclides
* Categories: Isotopes
* Tables of nuclides
* Metastable isotopes
* Isotopes by element

Authority control databases: National |

* United States
* Israel

|

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template