Isotopes of radon

"Thoron" redirects here. For the genus of wasps, see Thoron (wasp).

Isotopes of radon (86Rn) | Main isotopes[1] | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
210Rn  | synth | 2.4 h | α96% | 206Po
β+4% | 210At
211Rn  | synth  | 14.6 h | β+72.6% | 211At
α27.4% | 207Po
220Rn  | trace | 55.6 s | α | 216Po
222Rn | trace  | 3.8215 d | α | 218Po

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There are 39 known isotopes of radon (86Rn), from 193Rn to 231Rn; all are radioactive. The most stable isotope is 222Rn with a half-life of 3.8215 days, which decays into 218
Po.

Six isotopes of radon, 217-222Rn, occur in trace quantities in nature as decay products of, respectively, 217At, 218At, 223Ra, 224Ra, 225Ra, and 226Ra. 217Rn and 221Rn are produced in rare branches in the decay chain of trace quantities of 237Np; 222Rn (and also 218Rn in a rare branch) is an intermediate step in the decay chain of 238U; 219Rn is an intermediate step in the decay chain of 235U; and 220Rn occurs in the decay chain of 232Th.

## List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide
[n 1] | Historic
name  | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[2]
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life[1]
| Decay
mode[1]
| Daughter
isotope
| Spin and
parity[1]
[n 4][n 5] | Isotopic
abundance

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Excitation energy[n 5]
193Rn  |  | 86  | 107  | 193.009708(27)  | 1.15(27) ms  | α | 189Po  | (3/2−)  |
194Rn  |  | 86  | 108  | 194.006146(18)  | 780(160) μs  | α  | 190Po  | 0+  |
195Rn  |  | 86  | 109  | 195.005422(55)  | 7(3) ms  | α  | 191Po  | 3/2−  |
195mRn[n 6] |  | 80(50) keV  | 6(3) ms  | α  | 191Po  | 13/2+  |
196Rn  |  | 86  | 110  | 196.002120(15)  | 4.7(11) ms  | α  | 192Po  | 0+  |
197Rn  |  | 86  | 111  | 197.001621(17)  | 54(6) ms  | α  | 193Po  | 3/2−  |
197mRn  |  | 199(11) keV  | 25.6(25) ms  | α  | 193Po  | 13/2+  |
198Rn  |  | 86  | 112  | 197.998679(14)  | 64.4(16) ms  | α  | 194Po  | 0+  |
199Rn  |  | 86  | 113  | 198.9983254(78)  | 590(30) ms  | α  | 195Po  | 3/2−  |
199mRn  |  | 220(11) keV  | 310(20) ms  | α  | 195Po  | 13/2+  |
200Rn  |  | 86  | 114  | 199.9957053(62)  | 1.09(16) s  | α  | 196Po  | 0+  |
200mRn  |  | 2320(20)# keV  | 28(9) μs  | IT  | 200Rn  |  |
201Rn  |  | 86  | 115  | 200.995591(11)  | 7.0(4) s  | α  | 197Po  | 3/2−  |
201mRn  |  | 245(12) keV  | 3.8(1) s  | α  | 197Po  | 13/2+  |
202Rn  |  | 86  | 116  | 201.993264(19)  | 9.7(1) s  | α (78%)  | 198Po  | 0+  |
β+ (22%)  | 202At
202mRn  |  | 2310(50)# keV  | 2.22(7) μs  | IT  | 202Rn  | 11−#  |
203Rn  |  | 86  | 117  | 202.9933612(62)  | 44.2(16) s  | α (66%)  | 199Po  | 3/2−  |
β+ (34%)  | 203At
203mRn  |  | 362(4) keV  | 26.9(5) s  | α (75%)  | 199Po  | 13/2+  |
β+ (25%)  | 203At
204Rn  |  | 86  | 118  | 203.9914437(80)  | 1.242(23) min  | α (72.4%)  | 200Po  | 0+  |
β+ (27.6%)  | 204At
205Rn  |  | 86  | 119  | 204.9917232(55)  | 170(4) s  | β+ (75.4%)  | 205At  | 5/2−  |
α (24.6%)  | 201Po
205mRn  |  | 657.1(5) keV  | >10 s  | IT  | 205Rn  | 13/2+#  |
206Rn  |  | 86  | 120  | 205.9901954(92)  | 5.67(17) min  | α (62%)  | 202Po  | 0+  |
β+ (38%)  | 206At
207Rn  |  | 86  | 121  | 206.9907302(51)  | 9.25(17) min  | β+ (79%)  | 207At  | 5/2−  |
α (21%)  | 203Po
207mRn  |  | 899.1(10) keV  | 184.5(9) μs  | IT  | 207Rn  | 13/2+  |
208Rn  |  | 86  | 122  | 207.989635(11)  | 24.35(14) min  | α (62%)  | 204Po  | 0+  |
β+ (38%)  | 208At
208mRn  |  | 1828.3(4) keV  | 487(12) ns  | IT  | 208Rn  | 8+  |
209Rn  |  | 86  | 123  | 208.990401(11)  | 28.8(10) min  | β+ (83%)  | 209At  | 5/2−  |
α (17%)  | 205Po
209m1Rn  |  | 1174.01(13) keV  | 13.4(13) μs  | IT  | 209Rn  | 13/2+  |
209m2Rn  |  | 3636.81(23) keV  | 3.0(3) μs  | IT  | 209Rn  | 35/2+  |
210Rn  |  | 86  | 124  | 209.9896889(49)  | 2.4(1) h  | α (96%)  | 206Po  | 0+  |
β+ (4%)  | 210At
210m1Rn  |  | 1710(30) keV  | 644(40) ns  | IT  | 210Rn  | 8+  |
210m2Rn  |  | 3857(30) keV  | 1.06(5) μs  | IT  | 210Rn  | 17−  |
210m3Rn  |  | 6514(30) keV  | 1.04(7) μs  | IT  | 210Rn  | 23+  |
211Rn  |  | 86  | 125  | 210.9906008(73)  | 14.6(2) h  | β+ (72.6%)  | 211At  | 1/2−  |
α (27.4%)  | 207Po
211m1Rn  |  | 1603(14)# keV  | 596(28) ns  | IT  | 211Rn  | 17/2−  |
211m2Rn  |  | 8905(20)# keV  | 201(4) ns  | IT  | 211Rn  | 63/2−  |
212Rn  |  | 86  | 126  | 211.9907039(33)  | 23.9(12) min  | α  | 208Po  | 0+  |
212m1Rn  |  | 1639.68(15) keV  | 118(14) ns  | IT  | 212Rn  | 6+  |
212m2Rn  |  | 1694.1(3) keV  | 910(30) ns  | IT  | 212Rn  | 8+  |
212m3Rn  |  | 6174.2(3) keV  | 102(4) ns  | IT  | 212Rn  | 22+  |
212m4Rn  |  | 8579.2(4) keV  | 154(14) ns  | IT  | 212Rn  | 30+  |
213Rn  |  | 86  | 127  | 212.9938851(36)  | 19.5(1) ms  | α[n 7] | 209Po  | 9/2+#  |
213m1Rn  |  | 1682(10) keV  | 1.00(21) μs  | IT  | 213Rn  | (25/2+)  |
213m2Rn  |  | 2205(10) keV  | 1.36(7) μs  | IT  | 213Rn  | (31/2−)  |
213m3Rn  |  | 5965(14) keV  | 164(11) ns  | IT  | 213Rn  | (55/2+)  |
214Rn  |  | 86  | 128  | 213.9953627(99)  | 259(3) ns  | α  | 210Po | 0+  |
214mRn  |  | 4595.4(18) keV  | 245(30) ns  | IT  | 214Rn  | (22+)  |
215Rn  |  | 86  | 129  | 214.9987450(65)  | 2.30(10) μs  | α[n 8] | 211Po  | 9/2+  |
216Rn  |  | 86  | 130  | 216.0002719(62)  | 29(4) μs  | α  | 212Po  | 0+  |
217Rn  |  | 86  | 131  | 217.0039276(45)  | 593(38) μs  | α  | 213Po  | 9/2+  | Trace[n 9]
218Rn  |  | 86  | 132  | 218.0056011(25)  | 33.75(15) ms  | α  | 214Po  | 0+  | Trace[n 10]
219Rn  | Actinon
Actinium emanation  | 86  | 133  | 219.0094787(23)  | 3.96(1) s  | α[n 11] | 215Po  | 5/2+  | Trace[n 12]
220Rn  | Thoron
Thorium emanation  | 86  | 134  | 220.0113924(19)  | 55.6(1) s  | α[n 13] | 216Po  | 0+  | Trace[n 14]
221Rn  |  | 86  | 135  | 221.0155356(61)  | 25.7(5) min  | β− (78%)  | 221Fr  | 7/2+  | Trace[n 9]
α (22%)  | 217Po
222Rn[n 15] | Radon[n 16]
Radium emanation
Emanation
Emanon
Niton  | 86  | 136  | 222.0175760(21)  | 3.8215(2) d  | α[n 17] | 218Po  | 0+  | Trace[n 10]
223Rn  |  | 86  | 137  | 223.0218893(84)  | 24.3(4) min  | β− | 223Fr  | 7/2+  |
α?[n 18] | 219Po
224Rn  |  | 86  | 138  | 224.024096(11)  | 107(3) min  | β− | 224Fr  | 0+  |
225Rn  |  | 86  | 139  | 225.028486(12)  | 4.66(4) min  | β− | 225Fr  | 7/2−  |
226Rn  |  | 86  | 140  | 226.030861(11)  | 7.4(1) min  | β− | 226Fr  | 0+  |
227Rn  |  | 86  | 141  | 227.035304(15)  | 20.2(4) s  | β− | 227Fr  | (3/2+)  |
228Rn  |  | 86  | 142  | 228.037835(19)  | 65(2) s  | β− | 228Fr  | 0+  |
229Rn  |  | 86  | 143  | 229.042257(14)  | 11.9(13) s  | β− | 229Fr  | (5/2+)  |
230Rn  |  | 86  | 144  | 230.04527(22)#  | 24# s
[>300 ns]  |  |  | 0+  |
231Rn  |  | 86  | 145  | 231.04997(32)#  | 2# s
[>300 ns]  |  |  | 1/2+#  |
This table header & footer:

* view

1. ^ mRn – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
5. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
6. ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
7. ^ Theoretically capable of electron capture to 213At; the branching ratio is expected to be <5.8×10−4% (partial half-life >56.0 min)[3]
8. ^ Theoretically capable of electron capture to 215At; the branching ratio is expected to be <1.0×10−11% (partial half-life >266 d)[4]
9. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 237Np
10. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 238U
11. ^ Theoretically capable of β− decay to 219Fr
12. ^ Intermediate decay product of 235U
13. ^ Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 220Ra
14. ^ Intermediate decay product of 232Th
15. ^ Most common isotope
16. ^ Source of element's name
17. ^ Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 222Ra and perhaps β− decay to 222Fr[5]
18. ^ Theoretically capable of α decay with a partial half-life of ~3.65×108 seconds (~11.6 years; branching ratio ~4×10−4%).[6][7]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
3. ^ "Adopted Levels for 213Rn" (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.
4. ^ "Adopted Levels for 215Rn" (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.
5. ^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Cappella, C.; Caracciolo, V.; Cerulli, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Di Marco, A.; Incicchitti, A.; Poda, D.V.; Polischuk, O.G.; Tretyak, V.I. (2014). "Investigation of rare nuclear decays with BaF2 crystal scintillator contaminated by radium". European Physical Journal A. 50 (9): 134–143\. arXiv:1407.5844. Bibcode:2014EPJA...50..134B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2014-14134-6. S2CID 118513731.
6. ^ Sun, Xiao-Dong; Duan, Chao; Deng, Jun-Gang; Guo, Ping; Li, Xiao-Hua (2017-01-18). "Systematic study of α decay for odd-A nuclei within a two-potential approach". Physical Review C. 95 (1). American Physical Society: 014319. arXiv:1903.07301. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.014319.
7. ^ "Adopted Levels for 223Rn" (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 3.0 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

*     * Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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Isotopes of the chemical elements

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