Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange

This article is about the 2023 prisoner exchange. For the 2025 prisoner exchange, see Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange (2025).

A request that this article title be changed to Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange (2023) is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed.

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* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

* * *

7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel
Military engagements

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Nahal Oz
* Ofakim
* Zikim

Civilian attacks

* Nova music festival massacre
* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nirim

* * *

Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
Military engagements

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Jabalia I
* Khan Yunis
* Al-Qarara
* Shuja'iyya I
* Shuja'iyya ambush
* Shuja'iyya II
* Insurgency in the North Gaza Strip
* Hamad
* Zana
* Rafah
* Khan Yunis II
* Khan Yunis III
* North Gaza
* West Bank
* Israeli incursions
* Tulkarm I
* Operation Summer Camps
* Tulkarm II
* Battle of Netzarim

Civilian attacks

* Gaza genocide
* Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Refugee camps
* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Fakhoora school
* Al-Shati refugee camp
* Al-Maghazi
* Schools
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza
* Health facilities
* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital
* Al-Shifa Hospital
* Ambulance
* Nasser Hospital
* Attacks on religious sites
* Rafah strikes
* Flour massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout
* Attack on journalists in Lebanon
* Friendly fire
* IDF killing of hostages in Shuja'iyya
* Tel al-Sultan
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Al-Sardi school
* Nuseirat
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati and Tuffah
* 9 July 2024 attacks
* Al-Awda school
* Al-Mawasi (July)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Khan Yunis (July)
* Khadija school
* Hamama school
* Al-Tabaeen school
* Deir al-Balah
* Al-Mawasi (September)
* Al-Jawni school
* Tulkarm Camp
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Rufaida school
* Al-Aqsa hospital (Killing of Shaban al-Dalou)
* Abu Hussein school
* Beit Lahia (19 October)
* Beit Lahia (29 October)
* Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting
* Al-Mawasi (December)
* Nuseirat (December)

* * *

War crimes and effects

* War crimes and crimes against humanity report
* Hamas war crimes
* Hostage crisis
* Prisoner exchange
* Israeli war crimes
* Israeli blockade of Gaza
* Famine
* AI-assisted targeting
* Mass detentions
* South Africa v. Israel
* ICC arrest warrants
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Torture
* Executions and assassinations
* Killing of journalists
* List of journalists
* Gaza humanitarian crisis
* Children
* Healthcare collapse
* Premature babies

* * *

Impacts and repercussions

* Diplomatic impact
* 2023 ceasefire
* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* Economic impact

* * *

Other theaters
Red Sea crisis

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* Operation Poseidon Archer
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* Operation Aspides
* Sinking of the MV Rubymar
* Attacks on the MV Tutor
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* 20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen
* Attacks on the Sounion
* 29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan

* Iranian airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* Tower 22 drone attack
* February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* 2024 Homs airstrikes
* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* 2024 Masyaf raid

Israel–Hezbollah conflict

* Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* Odaisseh
* Maroun al-Ras
* Ayta ash-Shab
* Kafr Kila
* Ramyah

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

* 2024 Iran–Israel conflict
* April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel
* April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran
* October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel
* October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran

Assassinations and deaths of prominent individuals

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Marwan Issa
* Fuad Shukr
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Hashem Safieddine
* Yahya Sinwar

* * *

See also

* Background
* Antisemitism
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Misinformation
* Protests
* university campuses
* Killing of Ayşenur Eygi
* All Eyes on Rafah
* Israeli document leak scandal
* Israeli public diplomacy

During the Israel–Hamas war, a series of exchanges were made between Israel and Hamas to exchange militant-held hostages for Palestinian prisoners. The negotiations were brokered by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States, and were part of a broader temporary ceasefire agreement. In Israel the deal was called "Operation Heaven's Door" (Hebrew: דלתות שמיים), and the subprogram for the rehabilitation of foreign citizens was called "Operation "Friendly Hand" (Hebrew: יד אחות).

Israel released 240 Palestinian prisoners, 107 of whom were between 14 and 17 years old, and three-quarters of whom had not been convicted of a crime, although some were awaiting trial in a military court.[1] In exchange, Hamas released 105 Innocent civilians, which included 81 children, women, and elderly women from Israel, 23 Thais and one Filipino.[2]

## Background

[edit]

For broader coverage of this topic, see Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis, October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel, Palestinian prisoners in Israel, and Mass detentions in the Israel–Hamas war.

There is a history of captive exchanges in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the most notable being the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange in 2011.[3][4]

Prior to the 2023 war, Israel held over 5,200 Palestinians as prisoners,[5] including at least 170 children.[6] About 1,310 Palestinians were held in Administrative detention, a practice that allows Israel to detain Palestinians indefinitely without charges or trial.[7][a] By November 2023, the number of Palestinian prisoners had increased to 10,000.[9] Following the deportation of several thousand detained Gazan workers, the Palestinian Commission for Detainees and Ex-Prisoners' Affairs placed the number at approximately 8,300.[10][11][12] Some have been convicted of terrorism by Israeli authorities; the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories describes many convictions as resulting from "a litany of violations of international law, including due process violations, that taint the legitimacy of the administration of justice by the occupying power."[13][14] In total, since 1967, Israel has arrested one million Palestinians; 40% of Palestinian males have been imprisoned by Israel at some point in their life.[6]

Drawing of the kidnapping of the Bibas family by Hamas on October 7, 2023 who are supposed to be released in the 2025 deal.[15] Painter Uri Inks.

On 7 October 2023, Hamas launched a surprise attack on southern Israel, which involved a rocket barrage and a few thousand militants breaching the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking Israeli civilian communities and military bases.[16] During the attack, dozens of Israeli women and girls were subjected to sexual violence, including rape, 1,195 Israelis were killed and 251 were taken captive.[17][18][19][20][21][13][22][23] Hamas officials listed the freeing of Palestinians from Israeli prisons as one of the primary motivations for the 7 October attack in Israel and for kidnap people.[24] Israel responded by invading Gaza, tightening its blockade on the Gaza Strip and unleashing a destructive bombing campaign.[25] During the war, the United Nations (UN) warned that Gazans faced the danger of famine, and both Hamas and Israel were accused of war crimes.[26][27]

## Negotiations (2023)

[edit]

For broader coverage of this topic, see 2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire.

Hamas offered a deal dubbed as "everyone for everyone" or "all for all" — a release of all hostages being held in Gaza in exchange for Israel releasing thousands of Palestinians in Israeli prisons.[28][29]

On 13 November it was reported that Hamas had told Qatari mediators that the group was willing to release up to 70 women and children hostages held in Gaza for a five-day truce and the release of 275 women and children held by Israel.[30]

On 22 November it was announced that Israel and Hamas had reached an agreement about a cease fire and the release of 50 hostages, in response the Israeli government would release 150 Palestinian prisoners. Hamas has acknowledged children would be the main component of the hostages released.[31][32]

On 2 December, a few days after the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas collapsed, Deputy Hamas chief Saleh Al-Arouri stated that no more prisoners/hostages would be exchanged with Israel until there was a ceasefire in Gaza.[33]

## Israeli release of prisoners (2023)

[edit]

22-year old Palestinian woman Ahed Tamimi was released by Israel.

As part of the negotiated exchange, 150 Palestinian women and children were released from Israeli prisons over the course of days.[34] By 28 November 2023, 180 prisoners had been released, chosen from a list of 300 held Palestinians.[35] Notable prisoners released included Israa Jaabis and Ahed Tamimi.[36][37] Israeli authorities fired tear gas at buses carrying the released prisoners.[38] By the end of the temporary truce, Israel released 240 prisoners, of whom 107 were under 18 and three-quarters had not been convicted of a crime.[1]

The Palestinian Prisoners Society stated more Palestinians had been arrested than released since the start of the ceasefire.[39] Al Jazeera reported that for every Palestinian released, there is another Palestinian arrested.[40] On 27 February 2024, a teenage boy released during the prisoner swap was rearrested by Israeli forces.[41] On 21 March, another teenage boy released during the swap was re-arrested during a raid on his family home.[42]

On 12 August 2024, 18 year old Tariq Daoud, who was released during the swap, carried out a terror attack, shooting and seriously wounding an Israeli man along with two Palestinians. He was shot dead by Israeli forces. [43] On 15 August 2024, one of the prisoners released during the swap was killed in an Israeli drone strike, as he was attacking Israeli forces, during a counter-terrorism operation in the Balata refugee camp.[44]

### Status of prisoners

[edit]

Many Palestinian prisoners are held in Israel under administrative detention, arrested for crimes such as speech and nonviolent protest.[7] An estimated 2,000 Palestinians are held in Israeli prisons without any charges against them, and those who are charged face a more than 99% conviction rate in Israeli military courts.[45][46] Israeli authorities, however, have labeled all the released prisoners as "terrorists"; they had been detained for "offenses related to Israel’s security", from throwing stones to supporting terrorism and attempted murder.[1][47] Of the 300 prisoners initially proposed for release, 124 were under 18, and another 146 are 18, with many of those having turned 18 in prison. Of the 240 prisoners released 107 were aged between 14 and 17; 104 boys, of whom 5 were 14, and 3 girls, all 16 and 17. The remaining 133 were adults; 65 men, all aged 18 except one who turned 19 in prison, and 68 women of various ages.[48][1]

On 24 January 2024, Israel re-arrested a teenager who had been released as part of the swap, which sparked outrage amongst Palestinian groups, including the Palestinian Prisoners' Society which called the boy's re-arrest a "blatant violation" of the terms of the swap agreement.[49] According to Israel the seventeen year old had engaged in "terrorist activities" after his release.[50]

### Descriptions of prison conditions

[edit]

Further information: Mass detentions in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war § Allegations of torture and mistreatment, and Israeli war crimes § Abuse and sexual humiliation of detainees

The released prisoners described mistreatment and a lack of clean water and food in Israeli prisons.[51][52] One released prisoner stated "We've been tortured."[53] The released prisoners stated that conditions in Israeli prisons had worsened for Palestinians since the start of the conflict on 7 October, stating prison suppression units were beating prisoners daily.[54] A 17-year-old boy stated child inmates' blankets and pillows, spare clothes, and window coverings had been removed; Israel said that it was not aware of these claims, but claimed all basic rights accorded by the law had been applied and that "prisoners and detainees have the right to file a complaint which will be fully examined by official authorities".[55] A released female prisoner stated Israel had deprived inmates of food, medicine, and sleep.[56] One teenager described a prison doctor laughing when the boy asked for medicine for an arm injury.[57] Another teenage boy described being stripped naked and kicked by a prison officer wearing steel-toe boots.[58] Other released prisoners reported being tear-gassed, beaten, pepper-sprayed and threatened with guns.[59] Some, including the Palestinian writer and journalist Lama Khater, reported being threatened with rape and attacked by muzzled dogs.[60][61]

Amnesty International described "torture and other ill-treatment" in Israeli prisons since 7 October, and at least six inmates were killed.[62][63] An attorney at Addameer stated that since the 7 October attack, prisoners had been denied medical care, food and water, family visits, and lawyer visits.[64] The mother of one released Palestinian teenager called on the Red Cross to investigate Israeli prison conditions.[65] Testimony collected from released women by B'Tselem found they had faced extreme violence and even the threat of rape.[66]

### Restrictions on speech and movement

[edit]

The released Palestinian captives were warned by Israel in a statement from Israel's national security minister Itamar Ben Gvir, not to celebrate their release or they would be returned to prison.[67] The released prisoners were also barred from political activity, posting political content on social media, or going to any protests.[68] One released teenager was told by Israeli officials that he was "not allowed to leave my house, raise any signs or banners" and that if any of the rules were broken he could be re-arrested and leading up to his release his families home had been searched several times.[35] Israeli police fired tear gas on the families of prisoners and their supporters waiting outside Ofer Prison.[69] East Jerusalem residents reported a "crackdown" prior to the prisoners' release.[70] Israeli raids in Beitunia were reportedly conducted ahead of prisoner releases to prevent celebrations from taking place.[71]

## Hamas release of hostages (2023)

[edit]

Hostages released to the IDF on 25 November

On 24 November 2023, the Israeli government confirmed that 13 Israeli hostages were released.[72][73] Srettha Thavisin, the Prime Minister of Thailand, confirmed on social media that 12 Thai hostages were released from Gaza.[74] Later in the day it was reported that of the 24 hostages initially released on 24 November, the number included 13 Israeli citizens (of whom some were dual citizens), 10 Thai citizens and one Filipino citizen by the Qatar foreign ministry. Reportedly a number of Thai citizens were released outside of the truce agreement.[75] As of 30 November 2023, 105 civilians had been released, which included 81 people from Israel, 23 Thais and one Filipino.[2]

### Handling of hostages

[edit]

Hila Rotem, aged 13, embraced by her uncle, Yair Rotem, upon their reunion in the early hours of November 26, 2023, following her release. Her mother, Raya, remains a hostage in Gaza.

After being released hostages were transported through the Rafah checkpoint to Egypt before being transported to Israel. They are then taken to the Hatzerim base for processing and vetting before being triaged and sent to about 5 different hospitals. Specialists from the Israeli Ministry of Social Welfare and psychologists, developed instructions on how soldiers should behave in different situations when communicating with returned child hostages. A responder should not touch them without the child's consent, and to not answer the questions "Where is my mother? When will I see dad?" but state things such as: "Baby, honey, I'm sorry, I don’t know. My job is to bring you to Israel to a safe place where people you know will be waiting for you. They will answer all your questions." It was also suggested to use the child's name as much as possible when speaking to them.[76] Dietary guidelines were also created for those released and regulations about not questioning released children and only allowing female doctors to care for them were issued.[77]

### Hostage conditions

[edit]

Further information: 2023 Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis § Treatment of captives

The initial 24 hostages were all reported to be in "good condition"; later, it was reported that most were in good physical shape, but some had been ordered to remain in hospital.[78][79][80] Female hostages testified that they were sexually assaulted and tortured by Hamas members who captured them.[81][82] According to the Hostages and Missing Families Forum, female hostages were held in cages.[83]

Few of the released hostages have spoken of their experiences, but those who have recounted being kept in crowded spaces with little electricity and without mattresses. The hostages were fed in very sparse portions, with some being given a single piece of bread per day, or small amounts of chicken, rice, bread, canned hummus, cheese and tea.[84][85] Some child hostages were reportedly forced to watch footage of the 7 October Hamas attacks.[85] A 78-year-old released hostage told Channel 13, "We were OK."[86]

An 85-year-old woman stated to Time Magazine, "captives were treated well and received medical care, including medication. The guards kept conditions clean."[87] The aunt of a released 12-year old hostage said that the child was beaten by Hamas fighters, adding that crying children were threatened with guns to be silent.[88] According to a freed Thai hostage, the Israeli hostages held with him were abused by their captors, being beaten including with electrical cables. He added that they were all underfed, generally being given one pita a day, and were only allowed to shower once during the almost two months they were held;[89] according to the Israeli Health Ministry, some of the released elderly women had lost between 8 and 15kg during their time in captivity.[78]

The uncle of two child-hostages described them being "branded" with the exhaust pipe of a motorbike, in order to make it easier to recapture them should they escape,[90][91] as well as being drugged.[92] One of the hostages, Elma Avraham, went without her medication for 50 days; upon her release she was transferred to hospital "in a serious and life-threatening condition", with a pulse of 40 and a body temperature of 28 °C (82 °F); according to her daughter she was hours from death at the time she was released.[78][83] During a reportedly contentious meeting with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, one released hostage stated the hostages were "terrified that it would not be Hamas, but Israel, that would kill us."[93]

### Holding locations

[edit]

The hostages were held in a variety of locations; some were held in Hamas' tunnel network, while others were held in civilian residences, commandeered from or reportedly offered by the local population. One of the hostages described arriving in a house that had been abandoned so quickly by its residents that the washing machine was still running,[78] while another described being held in an attic by an UNRWA teacher and a third claimed they were held by a Gazan doctor.[94] UNRWA responded, calling the report unsubstantiated and demanding that it be deleted. According to The Jerusalem Post, a Community Note on Twitter described the reported assembly of rockets in UNRWA schools and UNRWA teachers reportedly celebrating the massacres committed by Hamas on 7 October.[95]

## Negotiations (2024)

[edit]

Main article: 2025 Israel–Hamas war ceasefire

The negotiations lasted for many months, primarily focusing on the proposal put forward by U.S. President Joe Biden, which includes three phases in which hostages would be released and a ceasefire would be implemented.[96]

The negotiations were greatly influenced by the new conditions created as a result of various Israeli operations in Gaza and the Middle East in general. During 2024, Israel killed multiple Hamas leaders and conducted several rescue operations.[97][98] Several hostages, including American Hirsh Goldberg, were executed by Hamas. Hostages under Hamas suffered from malnourishment and ill treatment.[99][100] Female hostages reported sexual assault in captivity.[101][102]

Toward the end of 2024, Israel dealt severe blows to Hamas ally Hezbollah through airstrikes and a ground invasion, during which it killed Hezbollah leaders including Hassan Nasrallah.[103][104][105] The Assad Syria regime collapsed after Syrian rebel forces launched a series of offensives, taking advantage, according to The Times of Israel, of the weakening by Israel of Syrian allies Hezbollah and Iran, as well as the weakened state of Syria's ally Russia due to its ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.[106][107]

The various sides were accused of sabotaging the negotiations: On one hand, the Netanyahu administration was accused by the press of sabotaging ceasefire talks.[108] On the other hand, top U.S officials John Kirby and Antony Blinken accuse Hamas of hindering progress and constantly causing the failures to reach a hostages deal and ceasefire.[109][110][111]

## Deal (2025)

[edit]

Main article: Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange (2025)

On 15 January 2025, Israel and Hamas reached an agreement under which Hamas agreed to release hostages, including infants, children, women, and elderly men, abducted to Gaza during the 7 October 2023 attacks in exchange for the release of Hamas militants and other Palestinian prisoners, many involved in attacks on Israelis and some deemed responsible for the murder of Israelis, from Israeli prisons.[112][113] The agreement also included a ceasefire, the second during the Israel–Hamas war.[113][114] The ceasefire and the beginning of the hostage return are set to start on Sunday 19 January 2025.[115]

The deal was achieved through negotiations mediated by the United States, Egypt, and Qatar. CNN reported that both the Biden administration and Trump's incoming administration played equal roles, with the role of the former administration facilitated by Middle Eastern negotiator Brett McGuirk, and were willing to work together and compromise due to a desire for a solution prior to the latter's inauguration.[116] Prior to its conclusion, U.S. president-elect Donald Trump repeatedly warned that failure to release the hostages, including seven American citizens, before his 20 January inauguration would result in "hell to pay".[117] A diplomat told The Washington Post that Trump pressured Israeli side to accept the deal.[118] Israeli sources also claim that the incoming Trump administration revived the talks for a ceasefire.[119] After the agreement was finalized, Trump stated that Gaza would never again serve as a "terrorist safe haven".[120]

## See also

[edit]

* Diplomatic impact of the Israel–Hamas war
* List of Arab–Israeli prisoner exchanges

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ An additional 105 Palestinians were declared "unlawful combatants," an Israeli legal category which excludes the detained from prisoner of war status under article four of the Third Geneva Convention.[8]

## References

[edit]

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43. ^ "Israeli man seriously wounded, 2 Palestinians hurt in West Bank terror shooting". The Times of Israel.
44. ^ "IDF kills two, wounds four terrorists in Balata refugee camp in West Bank". 15 August 2024.
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48. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (26 November 2023). "Israel's Insidious Narrative About Palestinian Prisoners". The Intercept. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
49. ^ "Hamas condemns rearrest of Palestinian teen freed in captives deal". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
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55. ^ Ott, Haley. "Young Palestinian prisoners freed by Israel describe their imprisonment and their hopes for the future". CBS News. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
56. ^ Stratford, Charles. "Prisoners describe 'horrific' conditions in Israeli jails". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 November 2023. Scroll down about 40% to see this entry on the day's live blog.
57. ^ "Finally free, Ubai was among the last Palestinian detainees Israel released". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
58. ^ Shawer, Mosab. "Hurt, scared but free now. Palestinian boy recalls abuse in Israeli prison". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
59. ^ Srivastava, Mehul (30 November 2023). "The Palestinian teenagers suddenly freed from jail in Hamas hostage deal". Financial Times. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
60. ^ Williamson, Lucy (December 2023). "Released Palestinians allege abuse in Israeli jails". BBC News. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
61. ^ Shawer, Mosab. "'Threatened with rape': Lama Khater recalls horrors while in Israeli jails". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
62. ^ "Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests". Amnesty International. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
63. ^ Farraj, Basil. "The War on Palestinian Political Prisoners". The Nation. Retrieved 30 November 2023. Scroll down about 10% to see this entry on the day's live blog.
64. ^ Najjar, Farah; Muro, Adam (1 December 2023). "Palestinians facing 'severe violations' in Israeli prisons: Lawyer". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023.Scroll down about 60% to see this entry on the day's live blog.
65. ^ "Mother of prisoner to ICRC: Look into conditions inside Israeli prisons". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023. Scroll down about 5% to see this entry on the day's live blog.
66. ^ "Hebron women recount horrors in Israeli detention". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
67. ^ "Palestinians say life in prison got worse once war started". USA Today. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
68. ^ "Families of Palestinian prisoners prohibited from celebrating release of loved ones". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
69. ^ Goldbaum, Christina (24 November 2023). "In West Bank, Cheers and Worries After Prisoners Are Released". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
70. ^ "'Crackdown' in occupied East Jerusalem ahead of Palestinian prisoners' release". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
71. ^ Ibrahim, Nida. "Palestinians confront Israeli forces ahead of prisoners' release". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
72. ^ Tanyos, Faris; Reals, Tucker (24 November 2023). "Group of hostages released as temporary cease-fire in Israel-Hamas war takes effect". CBS News. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
73. ^ Jobain, Najib; Federman, Josef; Jeffery, Jack (24 November 2023). "Hamas frees first batch of hostages under truce, including 13 Israelis, officials and media say". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
74. ^ Masoud, Bassam; Laizans, Janis (24 November 2023). "Thailand says 12 hostages freed in Gaza; Israeli media report others being handed over". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
75. ^ Neuman, Scott; Estrin, Daniel; Mann, Brian (24 November 2023). "13 Israelis are among the two dozen hostages freed by Hamas". NPR. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
76. ^ "Солдаты получили инструкцию для встречи детей-заложников: "На вопрос о маме не отвечайте"". vesty (in Russian). 22 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
77. ^ "Освобождение заложников: детей не опрашивать, лечить будут только женщины-врачи". vesty (in Russian). 23 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
78. ^ a b c d "'Threatened with guns, beaten': Hamas hostages reveal disturbing details of captivity". The New Zealand Herald. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
79. ^ Shoaib, Alia (25 November 2023). "Israeli hostages released by Hamas have undergone initial medical tests and are in good condition, says IDF". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
80. ^ "One freed elderly hostage being taken straight to hospital via helicopter". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
81. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Bergman, Ronen (26 March 2024). "Israeli Hostage Says She Was Sexually Assaulted and Tortured in Gaza". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
82. ^ Bufkin, Ellie (30 December 2024). "'Wake-up Call For the International Community': Israeli Hostages Describe Torture, Sexual Assault in Gaza". FDD. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
83. ^ a b Isaac, David. "How were Hamas hostages treated? Cages, beatings and death threats". The Jewish Chronicle. London.
84. ^ Adams, Paul; Baker, Graeme (28 November 2023). "Freed Hamas captives tell of fear, squalor and hunger". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
85. ^ a b Rosman, Katherine; Bubola, Emma; Abrams, Rachel; Goldman, Russell (30 November 2023). "Hostages Freed From Gaza Recount Violence, Hunger and Fear". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
86. ^ Goldenberg, Tia (28 November 2023). "Freed Israeli hostage describes deteriorating conditions while being held by Hamas". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
87. ^ Frankel, Julia. "As Freed Hostages Return to Israel, Details of Conditions in Captivity Emerge". Time Magazine. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
88. ^ Hilaie, Sivan (28 November 2023). "'Forced to watch film of the atrocities. When a child cried, they were threatened with a weapon' - Eitan was alone in captivity for 16 days". Ynet News.
89. ^ "Freed Thai hostage says Israelis held with him were abused, beaten". The Times of Israel. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
90. ^ "Hamas tortured and brandished child hostages with motorcycle exhaust pipe marks, claims family". Hindustan Times. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
91. ^ "Relative of freed captives say Hamas branded child hostages in case they escaped". The Times of Israel. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
92. ^ "Hamas drugged children; burned legs with exhaust for identification". The Jerusalem Post. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
93. ^ Eichner, Itamar (5 December 2023). "Hostage families have tense meeting with War Cabinet, say Netanyahu 'detached' from their concerns". Ynetnews. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
94. ^ "Released hostage says he was held by UNRWA teacher in Gaza - report". The Jerusalem Post. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
95. ^ "UNRWA fact-checked after calling report about hostage 'unsubstantiated'". The Jerusalem Post. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
96. ^ "Biden announces new cease-fire plan for Gaza". Washington Post.
97. ^ Staff, ToI. "Hamas now accepts Israel killed Muhammad Deif, has arrested 2 people, sources tell paper". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
98. ^ "How Israel killed enemy number one Yahya Sinwar". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
99. ^ Lonsdorf, Kat (2 September 2024). "Thousands attend funeral of Israeli-American hostage killed by Hamas". NPR.
100. ^ Ziady, Hanna; Cooper, Anderson (15 October 2024). "'The world failed us': Parents of slain Israeli-American hostage Hersh Goldberg-Polin grapple with 'crushing' loss". CNN. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
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110. ^ "Gaza ceasefire plan in balance US says Hamas proposes 'changes'". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
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* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

Engage-
ments|

| Hamas-led
attack on
Israel|

| Attacks on civilians|

* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Elhanan Team
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nahal Oz
* Nirim
* Nova music festival
* Death Shelters
* Psyduck music festival

|

Battles|

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Zikim
* Israeli female tank crew fight

General topics|

* Allegations of genocide
* Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees
* Death Shelters
* Denial
* Sexual and gender-based violence
* "Screams Without Words"
* Bearing Witness
* Screams Before Silence

Israeli
invasion
of Gaza|

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Khan Yunis
* Rafah
* Background

Attacks on
refugee camps|

* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Shati
* Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes
* Al-Maghazi
* Tel al-Sultan attack
* Al-Mawasi (May)
* Nuseirat refugee camp massacre
* Al-Mawasi (June)
* Al-Shati (July)
* Deir el-Balah (August)
* Al-Mawasi (September)
* Al-Mawasi (December)
* Nuseirat (December)

Attacks on schools|

* Al-Fakhoora
* Shadia Abu Ghazala
* Al-Sardi
* Al-Awda
* Khadija
* Hamama
* Al-Tabaeen
* Al-Jawni
* Rufaida
* Abu Hussein

Attacks on
health facilities|

* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
* Al-Shifa Hospital siege
* alleged military use
* ambulance airstrike
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges
* Killing of health workers
* Nasser Hospital siege
* Nasser Hospital mass graves
* 14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack

Other attacks|

* Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza
* Attacks on religious sites
* Engineer's Building airstrike
* Rafah strikes
* Flour massacre
* Kuwait Roundabout mass killings
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza City
* World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack
* 9 July 2024 attacks
* 13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack
* Khan Yunis
* Deir al-Balah mosque
* Beit Lahia attacks
* Beit Lahia airstrike
* Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting

General topics|

* AI-assisted targeting
* Bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war
* Gaza genocide
* Israeli generals' plan
* Torture

Other
theaters|

* Israeli incursions in the West Bank
* 2024 Israeli military operation
* Killing of Benjamin Achimeir
* April 2024 Israeli settler rampages
* Lehi Street bombing
* Givat Shaul shooting
* Majdal Shams attack
* Tower 22 drone attack
* Israeli incursions in Tulkarm
* 2024 Masyaf raid
* 2024 Jaffa shooting
* 2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike

Iran–Israel conflict|

* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* Iranian strikes in Israel
* April 2024
* October 2024
* Israeli strikes on Iran
* April 2024
* October 2024
* Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh

Israel–Hezbollah conflict
(Timeline)|

* Attacks on journalists
* Lebanese displacement
* Assassinations
* Hezbollah headquarters
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Saleh al-Arouri
* August 2024 Nabatieh attack
* August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes
* 2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks
* September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon
* Israeli invasion of Lebanon
* ceasefire
* Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon

Red Sea crisis
(Timeline)|

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* 2024 missile strikes in Yemen
* Marlin Luanda missile strike
* 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
* Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)
* Attacks on the Sounion
* Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)

Hostages|

* Hostage–prisoner exchange
* Kidnapped from Israel
* Hostages and Missing Families Forum
* Hostages Square

Captive|

* Bibas family
* Oded Lifshitz
* Naama Levy

Rescued|

* Operation Golden Hand
* Ori Megidish
* Nuseirat operation
* Noa Argamani
* Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi

Released|

* Rachel Edry
* Yarden Roman-Gat
* Mia Schem

Deceased|

* Alex Dancyg
* Hersh Goldberg-Polin
* Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka

General
topics|

* Ceasefire
* COGAT
* Dahiya doctrine
* Effect on children in Gaza
* Hannibal Directive
* Humanitarian aid
* International recognition of the State of Palestine
* Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)
* Israeli interrogations
* Queer advocacy in the Israel–Hamas war
* Women
* Wikipedia

Historical context|

* Arab–Israeli conflict
* International law
* Background to the Israel–Hamas war
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian freedom of movement
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
* Human rights violations
* Human shields
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* Israeli settlement
* Legality of Israeli settlements
* Israeli outpost
* Israeli settler violence
* Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Palestinian tunnel warfare
* anti-tunnel barrier
* Israeli assassinations
* Women

Effects|

* Calls for the destruction of Israel
* Israeli government response
* Israeli war cabinet
* Mass detentions
* Economic impact
* Environment impact in Gaza
* Evacuations
* Gaza Strip evacuations
* Humanitarian crisis
* Gaza floating pier
* Healthcare collapse
* Premature baby crisis
* Famine
* Societal breakdown
* Israeli public diplomacy
* Media coverage
* Violence against journalists
* Misinformation
* Pallywood
* Palestinian genocide accusation
* United States complicity
* Sexual violence against Palestinians
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* Cemetery destruction and necroviolence
* Israeli torture in the occupied territories
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza

Reactions|

* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests
* Diplomatic impact
* University donors
* European Union
* Islamic Summit Conference
* Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit
* Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference
* Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
* 2024 Beijing Declaration

Military aid|

* US support for Israel
* UK support for Israel

Discrimination|

* Antisemitism
* Riots in the North Caucasus
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Islamophobia
* Violent incidents
* Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume
* Death of Paul Kessler
* Vermont student shooting

Protests|

* University campuses
* List of protests
* Netherlands
* United States
* California
* Reactions
* France
* March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism
* Indonesia
* 2023 Bitung clashes
* Israel
* Humanitarian aid blockade
* Spain
* 2024 pro-Palestinian strike
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Artists4Ceasefire
* DNC protests
* March on Washington for Gaza
* March for Israel
* National March on Washington: Free Palestine
* Protest votes
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* Pakistan
* D-Chowk Dharna
* 2024 Faizabad sit-in

UN resolutions|

* A/RES/ES-10/21
* S/RES/2712
* A/RES/ES-10/22
* S/RES/2720
* S/RES/2728
* A/RES/ES-10/23
* S/RES/2735
* A/RES/ES-10/24

UN inquiry|

* Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
* War crimes and crimes against humanity report

Global courts|

* South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)
* Nicaragua v. Germany
* Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
* ICC investigation in Palestine
* Arrest warrants

Courts|

* Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden

Casualties|

| Israel|

| Security forces|

* Alim Abdallah
* Yitzhak Ben-Bashat
* Jayar Davidov
* Eli Ginsberg
* Salman Habaka
* Asaf Hamami
* Yitzhar Hofman
* Roi Levy
* Izhar Peled
* Yonatan Steinberg
* Ehsan Daxa

|

Civilians|

* Lior Asulin
* Yuval Castleman
* Hayim Katsman
* Ofir Libstein
* Shani Louk
* Aner Shapira
* Vivian Silver
* Yahav Winner

Palestine|

| Hamas|

* Ismail Haniyeh
* Yahya Sinwar
* Saleh al-Arouri
* Abdul Fatah Dukhan
* Mohammed Dababish
* Wissam Farhat
* Ahmed Ghandour
* Mohammed Deif
* Marwan Issa
* Fursan Khalifa
* Rafa Salama
* Osama Mazini
* Ayman Nofal
* Jamila al-Shanti
* Ali Al Qadi
* Alaa Shreiteh
* Faiq Al-Mabhouh

|

Other
militants|

* Fouad Abu Butihan
* Jihad Shehadeh

Civilians|

* Tawfic Abdel Jabbar
* Majed Abu Maraheel
* Hiba Abu Nada
* Refaat Alareer
* Hammam Alloh
* Nahida and Samar Anton
* Ibrahim al-Astal
* Ahmad Bahar
* Mohammed Barakat
* Mohammad Bhar
* David Ben Avraham
* Adnan al-Bursh
* Rashid Dabour
* Mohamed al-Dalou
* Awni El-Dous
* Omar Ferwana
* Fathi Ghaben
* Ihab al-Ghussein
* Medo Halimy
* Sidra Hassouna
* Yazan al-Kafarneh
* Mohammad Khdour
* Hani Al-Masdar
* Ibrahim Qusaya
* Hind Rajab
* Mohammed Shabir
* Rashad Abu Sakhila
* Omar Abu Shawish
* Sufian Tayeh
* Wael Al Zard
* Talal Abu Zarifa
* Shaban al-Dalou
* Mahasen al-Khateeb
* Nagham Abu Samra

Spillover|

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Ali Hussein Barji
* Waibhav Anil Kale
* Razi Mousavi
* Wissam al-Tawil
* Sadegh Omidzadeh
* Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi
* Mohammad Reza Zahedi
* Fuad Shukr
* Ibrahim Aqil
* Hassan Nasrallah
* Ali Karaki
* Nabil Qaouk
* Abbas Nilforoushan
* Fatah Sharif
* Hashem Safieddine
* Mohammad Afif

Journalists|

* Issam Abdallah
* Samer Abu Daqqa
* Ismail al-Ghoul
* Belal Jadallah

General topics|

* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Friendly fire

Related
people|

| Israelis|

* Sofie Berzon MacKie
* Batia Holin
* Nimrod Aloni
* Rachel Goldberg-Polin
* Einav Zangauker
* Yonatan Shamriz
* Eitan Okun
* Yagel Oshri
* Inbal Rabin-Lieberman
* Amir Tibon

|

Palestinians|

* Wael Al-Dahdouh
* Plestia Alaqad
* Motaz Azaiza
* Bisan Owda
* Mustafa Moien Ayyash

Other
topics|

* 2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal
* Ahmed Abdel Khalek
* Al-Saqqa House
* Al Qarara Cultural Museum
* "All Eyes on Rafah"
* Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
* Blockout 2024
* Central Archives of Gaza City
* Bearing Witness
* "From the river to the sea"
* Gaza Daily
* "Harbu Darbu"
* "Hind's Hall"
* "Hurricane"
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* "Leve Palestina"
* Palestine exception
* Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
* "Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population"
* Project Nimbus
* "Rajieen"

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Egypt–Israel relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Ambassadors of Egypt to Israel
* Ambassadors of Israel to Egypt

Diplomacy|

* 1949 Armistice Agreements
* Sinai Disengagement Agreements
* Second United Nations Emergency Force
* Sinai Interim Agreement
* Camp David Accords
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty
* Safari Club
* Multinational Force and Observers
* Negev Summit
* 2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

Conflicts|

* 1948 Arab–Israeli War
* Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
* Suez Crisis
* Timeline
* Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip
* Six-Day War
* Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula
* War of Attrition
* Yom Kippur War

Incidents|

* 1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing
* Lavon Affair
* Meir Max Bineth
* Moshe Marzouk
* Operation Damocles
* Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing
* Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
* Ras Burqa massacre
* Ein Netafim ambush
* Azzam Azzam
* Ouda Tarabin
* Sinai bus crash
* 2009 Hezbollah plot
* Ilan Grapel affair
* 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks
* 2011 attack on Israeli Embassy
* 2023 border shooting
* 2023 Alexandria shooting
* Rafah offensive

Related|

* Barrier
* Green Line
* Palestinian autonomy talks
* Air Sinai
* Taba Hotel & Nelson Village
* Azazima
* Yaakov Abuhatzeira

Category:Egypt–Israel relations

* v
* t
* e

Israel–United States relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.
* Ambassadors of Israel to the United States
* Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem
* Ambassadors of the United States to Israel
* Consulate General of Israel to the Pacific Northwest Region
* Consuls general of Israel to the United States
* Tel Aviv Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States
* Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem
* Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs

Diplomacy|

* Rogers Plan
* Camp David Accords
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty
* Palestinian autonomy talks
* Strategic Cooperation Agreement
* May 17 Agreement
* Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement
* Oslo Accords
* Oslo I Accord
* Oslo II Accord
* Israel–Jordan peace treaty
* Wye River Memorandum
* 2000 Camp David Summit
* The Clinton Parameters
* Taba Summit
* Negroponte doctrine
* Road map for peace
* U.S.–Israel Joint Economic Development Group
* Annapolis Conference
* 2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* John Kerry Parameters
* United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel
* United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel
* February 2019 Warsaw Conference
* Trump peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement
* Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
* Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
* Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
* Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements
* Indo-Abrahamic Alliance
* I2U2 Group
* Negev Summit
* Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute
* 2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement

Incidents|

* Jack Parsons
* The Apollo Affair
* USS Liberty incident
* Lod Airport massacre
* Sami Esmail trial
* Lekem
* Jonathan Pollard
* Rachel Corrie
* 2004 Tashkent suicide bombings
* Steve J. Rosen
* Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
* Ben-Ami Kadish
* Stewart Nozette
* Gaza Freedom Flotilla
* Gaza journey of MV Rachel Corrie
* Furkan Doğan
* United States diplomatic cables leak
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* Zivotofsky v. Clinton
* Zivotofsky v. Kerry
* Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information
* 2022 Erbil missile attacks
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* World Central Kitchen drone strikes
* Killing of Ayşenur Eygi
* Israeli retaliation leak

Military relations|

* Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh
* 2012 US–Israel military exercise
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Have Doughnut
* HAVE DRILL
* Joint Political Military Group
* Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement
* Major non-NATO ally
* Operation Joshua
* Operation Moses
* Operation Nickel Grass
* Operation Tipped Kettle
* Safari Club
* Stuxnet
* Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
* United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war
* 2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

Legislation|

* Lodge–Fish Resolution
* Jerusalem Embassy Act
* Kyl–Bingaman Amendment
* United States–Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2014
* Israel Anti-Boycott Act
* Combating BDS Act

Related|

* Palestine–United States relations
* Israel lobby in the United States
* Anti-Israel lobby in the United States
* Opposition in the United States to the Israeli occupation
* Robert F. Kennedy's 1948 visit to Palestine
* America-Israel Cultural Foundation
* America–Israel Friendship League
* American Healthcare Professionals and Friends for Medicine in Israel
* American Jewish Committee
* American Palestine Public Affairs Forum
* American Israel Public Affairs Committee
* American Task Force on Palestine
* Anti-Defamation League
* BlueStar PR
* BIRD Foundation
* Bust of Golda Meir
* Center for Middle East Policy
* Christians United for Israel
* Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
* Committee for Justice and Peace in the Holy Land
* Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
* Coordinating Council on Jerusalem
* Creative Community for Peace
* Council for the National Interest
* The David Project
* Democratic Majority for Israel
* Emergency Committee for Israel
* Hibur
* If Americans Knew
* Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies
* Institute for Middle East Understanding
* Israeli-American Council
* Israel on Campus Coalition
* Israel Policy Forum
* Israel Project
* J Street
* Jewish Council for Public Affairs
* Jewish Institute for National Security of America
* Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs
* Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law
* Media Watch International
* Milstein Family Foundation
* NORPAC
* Project Interchange
* Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism
* StandWithUs
* United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation
* Zionist Organization of America
* Paul Findley
* Jerusalem American International School
* Walworth Barbour American International School
* 9/11 Living Memorial Plaza
* The Armageddon Network
* They Dare to Speak Out
* A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm
* The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
* The Occupation of the American Mind

Category:Israel–United States relations
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