Israeli military ensembles

Musical acts in the Israeli military

The Israel Defense Forces Orchestra forming a Star of David during the Torch-lighting Ceremony.

Israeli military ensembles are artistic ensembles and military bands maintained by the Israel Defense Forces, which are the combined military forces of the State of Israel. There are two types of musical ensembles in the IDF: military bands and entertainment troupes. Military bands provide martial music during official events of state and military ceremonies. Entertainment troupes conduct public in theatrical settings, most notably in musicals. They usually consist of musicians and singers who have passed auditions prior to their enlistment for compulsory service.[1]

"Mount Hermon Kingdom", a 1968 single by the Northern Command Band, popular in its release and to this day in Israel. It is an example of the typical Waltz-style of music that Israeli military bands of the 50s and 60s would often perform.

## History

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Prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, military ensembles have been active and prominent in the region for many decades. The British Army regularly switched out its military bands attached to its regiments in the British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel). Local bands such as the Alexandroni Brigade Band were also maintained. Some of the last British regimental bands to arrive in the region were those of the Royal Irish Fusiliers, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and the King's Own Scottish Borderers.[2] As it refers to military bands in the current borders of Israel, the well-known ones were composed from small groups of soldiers who were organized in the country's first 20 years in existence, formed from soldiers who served in battalions in remote parts of the country.[3] The first Israeli military band was the IDF Orchestra, which was the result of the amalgamation of 4 bands that operated prior to the country's creation. Jewish musicians, particularly those from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe like Izhak Muse and Michael Yaaran came in the years that followed and joined the band.[4][5]

The Golden Age of Israeli military bands was reached in the late 1960s and the mid-70s. During this period, almost every IDF branch and many brigades had their own band, often small. Many famous and actors and musicians received their musical education from military bands rather than a music school, which came as a general rule from the musical traditions of the British Armed Forces. In 1978, the Chief of the General Staff, General Rafael Eitan, issued an order to disband military ensembles in favor of the IDF Orchestra as the sole musical unit at ceremonies. In early 1980s, military ensembles were recreated for a short time, however, they are no longer as popular as they were previously.[6][7] Another particularity that came from this period was the fostering of small musical troupes that served unconventionally as theatrical music bands that became the backbone of bands in the IDF.[8] Today, bands in the IDF have similarities to their American and British counterparts, and in the case of the IDF Orchestra, Russian element as well, due to its trumpeters being stationed at the front of the band.

## Defence Forces Orchestra

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A fanfare trumpet of the IDF Orchestra in May 2017

The Israel Defense Forces Orchestra (Tizmoret Tzahal) is the main musical ensemble of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It is the flagship ensemble of the IDF and responsible for live musical accompaniment at all national events taking place in the capitals of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. It often performs at official military ceremonies and honor guards in the IDF.[9] It is located in at Aviv Camp in the neighborhood of Ramat Aviv. It was established in 1948 out of four orchestras: The Alexandria Division Band, The Jewish Brigade Band, The Artillery Corps Band and The Givati Brigade Band.[10] Its first conductor was Izhak Muse, a Soviet immigrant who played wind instruments. Since the 2000s, the orchestra has performs annually at the Rishon LeZion Festival on Sukkot has become a tradition.

## IDF Rabbinate Choir

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The IDF Military Rabbinate Choir was established in 1967 as part of the IDF Orchestra to strengthen the connection of soldiers to religious life and Jewish culture. Since its establishment, the choir's repertoire has included Hasidic songs, traditional songs as well as selections of folk songs. The original conductor, Menashe Lev-Ran, was responsible for adaptation of these various songs into a military format. After the Six-Day War, the choir put together its first program and, after the Yom Kippur War, recorded four albums with four programs. In 1977, a choral album was released that included four new songs. Because the choir is the only military band without singers, it performs in various military ceremonies such as the swearing-in, track-ending ceremonies and the like, especially in combat units, where there is a high percentage of soldiers and religious commanders and their families. The most prominent of its former members are Zion Golan, Moshe Lion,[11] and Dudu Fisher. Outside the IDF Orchestra, it is also part of the Military Rabbinate.[12]

## IDF Choir

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The IDF Choir was established in 1978 after the disbandment of the Israeli military ensembles. After the decision of Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan's to disbandment of the Israeli military ensembles, a new IDF entertainment body was established, which was supposed to replace the existing military ensembles. Following the dissolution, more and more members of the Israeli military ensembles joined the "IDF Choir", which operated until 1980.[13]

## Regional and musical ensembles past and present

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An army tour bus

The following ensembles are part of the IDF[14] and other Israeli military:

* Chizbatron, a Palmach and IDF band, considered to be the first military band established in Israel.
* Israeli Air Force Band
* Israeli Navy Band
* The Nahal Band
* Carmeli Brigade Band
* Givati Brigade Band
* Golani Brigade Band
* Artillery Corps Band
* Gadna Band
* Education and Youth Corps Band
* GOC Army Headquarters Band
* Central Command Band
* Northern Command Band
* Southern Command Band
* Air Force Entertainment Team
* Israeli Combat Engineering Corps Band
* Paratroopers Brigade Band
* Golan Heights Team
* Armored Corps Band
* Kaleid Kaleidim Band
* Tel Litvinsky Band

All IDF bands are found in the Education and Youth Corps of the IDF's Manpower Directorate. While this applies to most military bands, the IDF Orchestra belongs to the directorate's Regime and Discipline Branch that is responsible for Israel's state and military events. The Outstanding Musicians Program is the most common avenue that soldiers take to develop their musical skills during their military service.[15][16]

It is worth to mention the Jewish military bands of the Second World War. In 1942, the Jewish Military Band was established. In 1944 Ma'ain Ze [he] (literally "This Kind") band of the Jewish Brigade, a military formation of the British Army, was established under the jurisdiction of ENSA and directed by Eliahu Goldenberg [he]. In English, was known under the name "The Palestinians".[17][18][19]

## Pivotal music directors

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Russian-Israeli military music director Michael Yaaran in 2008

* Shalom Ronli-Riklis, expanded the then new IDF Band to become a prominent musical ensemble in Israel. Under his leadership, it became the only army band in the world to have two orchestras: a symphonic orchestra, founded and a wind ensemble.[20]
* Emanuel Amiran-Pougatchov, an army director who later served as the first appointed Inspector of Music (Minister for Music Education)[21]
* Erich Tych, the founder of the Israeli Air Force Band who led the unit for 35 years until his death in 1983.
* Dov Seltzer, one of the founders as well as the first official composer for the Lehakat Hanachal. The songs he wrote for the band are today considered to be cornerstones of Israeli folk and popular music and are part of the standard repertoire for radio and TV in Israel and around the world.
* Moshe Wilensky, he was a composer for multiple musical troupes of the IDF.[22]
* Yair Rosenblum, he conducted and composed many songs for ensembles in the Israeli Army and the Israeli Navy, and is known best for songs such as Shir LaShalom. He was musical director of the rabbinical choir in the 1960s and 1970s and has also directed many Israeli music festivals.

## In popular culture

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* The Band was a 1978 comedic musical, depicting an army singing group in 1968.

## See also

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* Royal Corps of Army Music
* United States military bands
* Russian military bands
* Jordanian Armed Forces Band
* Israel Police Orchestra
* Military band § Israel

## External links

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* The official website of the Israel Defense Forces Orchestra

## References

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1. ^ "תזמורת צה"ל - כל המידע על התפקיד" [IDF Orchestra - all about the position]. Psychometry.co.il. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
2. ^ Kadish, Alon (November 7, 2019). The British Army in Palestine and the 1948 War: Containment, Withdrawal and Evacuation. Routledge. ISBN 9780429843327 – via Google Books.
3. ^ Gordon, Oded. "The Development of the Military Singing Groups". www.hebrewsongs.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
4. ^ "Как ленинградец и одессит создали главный военный оркестр Израиля". Vesty. January 18, 2020.
5. ^ "The Israeli Military (IDF) & Security Services Resources Page at Historama.com | The Online History Shop". historama.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
6. ^ Golan Gur, "Military Songs as Popular Music. War, Memory, and Commemoration in the Songs of the Israeli Military Bands", Lied und populäre Kultur / Song and Popular Culture, 63, 2018, 93-100, JSTOR 27106957
7. ^ "זמרשת - זמר עברי מוקדם - הלהקות הצבאיות הראשונות". www.zemereshet.co.il.
8. ^ "Israel's Army Singing Bands – A window into the Israeli Society". On Jewish Matters. November 30, 2014. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
9. ^ Fox, Sandra Diamond (1 March 2018). "Israel Defense Forces Band Performing At JCC of Harrison". Daily Voice. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
10. ^ "הכירו את תזמורת צה"ל" [Get to know the IDF Orchestra]. The Israel Defense forces. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
11. ^ Cashman, Greer Fay (28 November 2017). "Grapevine: Stating the obvious". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
12. ^ "שרים במדים | הלהקות הצבאיות". www.army-bands.co.il. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
13. ^ "שרים במדים | הלהקות הצבאיות". www.army-bands.co.il. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
14. ^ "שרים במדים | הלהקות הצבאיות". www.army-bands.co.il. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
15. ^ "The music and songs of the Israeli military bands". The Jerusalem Post. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
16. ^ Hyman, Jeffrey (13 September 2012). "Making music in the military". Israel21c. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
17. ^ Jewish Volunteer Units in the British Army
18. ^ "The Palestinians" poster
19. ^ In Jewish Brigade, a song by the band Ma'ain Ze, ISRAEL MUSIC HISTORY
20. ^ "Ronly-Riklis, Shalom". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
21. ^ "Emanuel Amiran". hebrewsongs. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
22. ^ Handelzalts, Michael (22 July 2011). "In the shadow of the cannons". Haaretz. Retrieved 31 July 2011.