JPEG XL

Raster-graphics file format

JPEG XL

Filename extension|

.jxl

Internet media type|

image/jxl[1]

Magic number| `FF 0A` or `00 00 00 0C 4A 58 4C 20 0D 0A 87 0A`[2]
Developed by|

* Joint Photographic Experts Group
* Google
* Cloudinary

Type of format| Lossy/lossless bitmap image format
Extended from|

* PIK[3]
* FLIF-FUIF[3]
* ISO-BMFF

Standard| ISO/IEC 18181[4]
Open format?| Yes (royalty-free[5])
Website|

* jpeg.org/jpegxl (official website)
* jpegxl.info (community website)

JPEG XL is a royalty-free raster-graphics file format that supports both lossy and lossless compression. It is designed to outperform existing raster formats and thus become their universal replacement.[5]

## Name

[edit]

The name consists of JPEG (for the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which is the committee which designed the format), X (part of the name of several JPEG standards since 2000: JPEG XT, JPEG XR, JPEG XS), and L (for long-term). The L was included because the authors' intention is for the format to replace the legacy JPEG and last just as long, too.[6]

### Authors

[edit]

The main authors of the specification are Jyrki Alakuijala, Jon Sneyers, and Luca Versari. Other collaborators are Sami Boukortt, Alex Deymo, Moritz Firsching, Thomas Fischbacher, Eugene Kliuchnikov, Robert Obryk, Alexander Rhatushnyak, Zoltan Szabadka, Lode Vandevenne, and Jan Wassenberg.

## History

[edit]

In August 2017, JTC1 / SC29 / WG1 (JPEG) published a call for proposals for JPEG XL, the next generation image encoding standard.[7] The proposals were submitted by September 2018, leading to a committee draft in July 2019.[8] It was mainly based on a combination of a proposal called PIK,[9] submitted by Google, and a proposal called FUIF[10] — itself based on FLIF — submitted by Cloudinary.

The bitstream was informally frozen on 24 December 2020 with the release of version 0.2 of the libjxl reference software.[11] The file format and core coding system were formally standardized on 13 October 2021 and 30 March 2022 respectively.[4][12]

## Description

[edit]

The JPEG XL call for proposals[7] talks about the requirement of a next generation image compression standard with substantially better compression efficiency (60% improvement) comparing to JPEG. The standard is expected to outperform the still image compression performance shown by HEIC, AVIF, WebP, and JPEG 2000. It also provides efficient lossless recompression options for images in the traditional/legacy JPEG format.

JPEG XL supports lossy compression and lossless compression of ultra-high-resolution images (up to 1 terapixel), up to 32 bits per component, up to 4099 components (including alpha transparency), animated images, and embedded previews. It has features aimed at web delivery such as advanced progressive decoding[13] and minimal header overhead, as well as features aimed at image editing and digital printing, such as support for multiple layers, CMYK, and spot colors. It is specifically designed to seamlessly handle wide color gamut color spaces with high dynamic range such as Rec. 2100 with the PQ or HLG transfer function.

## Features

[edit]

The main features are:[14][15][16]

* Image dimensions of over a billion (230-1) pixels on each side.[17]
* Up to 4099 channels. Main channels: either one channel for grayscale, three channels for RGB, or four channels for CMYK. The rest of the channels are optional and can be used to store alpha (either "straight" or "premultiplied"), depth, or thermal data.[17]
* There can be multiple frames, with non-zero duration (for animation) or with zero duration (making them work more like layers in graphics software). Frames can be smaller or larger than the image canvas and can be blended in various ways. However, regular video codecs are still preferred for encoding realistic content.
* Independent tiles: Decoding of sections of a large image by allowing images to be stored in tiles.
* Progressive decoding: Mode specifically designed for responsive loading of large images depending on the viewing device's resolution.
* Reversible JPEG transcoding: ~20% size reduction can be achieved.
* Lossless encoding for any channel, including alpha.
* Support for both photographic and synthetic imagery: The format features two complementary modes that can be used depending on the image contents.
* Graceful quality degradation across a large range of bitrates: Quality loss isn't as abrupt as with older formats.
* Perceptually optimized reference encoder which uses a perceptual color space, adaptive quantization, and conservative default settings.
* Support for wide color gamut and HDR: JPEG XL has built-in support for various color spaces, transfer curves, and high screen brightness.
* Efficient encoding and decoding without requiring specialized hardware: JPEG XL is about as fast to encode and decode as old JPEG using libjpeg-turbo and an order of magnitude faster to encode and decode compared to HEIC with x265.[17][18] It is also parallelizable.
* Royalty-free format with an open-source reference implementation available on GitHub under a 3-clause BSD license.[19]

## Technical details

[edit]

JPEG XL codec architecture diagram

JPEG XL is based on ideas from Google's PIK format and Cloudinary's FUIF format (which was in turn based on FLIF).[20]

The format is mainly based on two encoding modes:

* VarDCT mode (variable-blocksize DCT) – it is based from the same DCT algorithm as legacy JPEG, but blocks, instead of being restricted to 8×8, come in various sizes (2×2 up to 256×256), non-square shapes (e.g. 16×8, 8×32, 32×64), or can use another transforms (AFV, Hornuss). It is only used for the 3 color channels, which typically use the XYB color space (although YCbCr is also supported in order to recompress legacy JPEG). The VarDCT mode is based on (lossy) PIK. Lossy modes typically use the XYB color space derived from LMS.[21]
* Modular mode is responsible, among other things, for efficient lossless content encoding and also for lossy and near-lossless purposes. Modular can also be used internally in VarDCT to save 2D data, i.e. everything except the AC (high-frequency) DCT coefficients, including the DC image (which is always a 1:8 subsampled image so also includes low-frequency AC coefficients in case block sizes larger than 8×8 are used), the weights of adaptive quantization and filter strengths.

Any additional/extra channels (e.g. alpha, depth, thermal, spot colors, etc.) are always encoded in the modular mode. It was based on FUIF, combined with elements of lossless PIK, lossless WebP, and new ideas that have been developed during the collaborative phase of the standardization process.[22] Modular mode allows lossy compression with the help of the modified Haar transform called "squeeze" which has progressive properties, quality of the image increases with the amount of data loaded.

One of the ways VarDCT-based images can be loaded more progressively is by saving the DC coefficients in a separate "DC frame" that uses modular squeeze: allowing previews corresponding to 1:16, 1:32 etc subsampled images. A squeeze transform can also be used to encode the alpha channel progressively together with VarDCT-encoded color channels, making both modes work in tandem.

JPEG XL defaults to a visually near-lossless setting that still provides good compression.[17]

These modes can be assisted by separate modeling of specific image features called:

* Splines for coding e.g. hairs (not yet used by the reference encoder).
* Repeating "patches" like text, dots, or sprites.
* Noise synthesis: since noise is hard to compress, it is better to separate it out and then regenerate it in the decoder. This is similar to film grain synthesis in modern video codecs like AV1, although JPEG XL's noise synthesis is not aiming to mimick the granularity of analog photographic film, but rather to model the photon noise at the pixel level, i.e. those visible with a digital camera at high ISO settings.

JPEG XL codec can losslessly transcode a widely-supported subset of JPEG files, by directly copying JPEG's DCT block coefficients to 8×8 VarDCT blocks, making smaller file sizes possible due to JPEG XL's superior entropy coding. This process is reversible and it allows for the original JPEG file to be reconstructed bit-for-bit, although constraints limit support for some files.[23]

Prediction is run using a pixel-by-pixel decorrelator without side information, including a parameterized self-correcting weighted ensemble of predictors. Context modeling includes specialized static models and powerful meta-adaptive models that take local error into account, with a signaled tree structure and predictor selection per context. Entropy coding is LZ77-enabled and can use either asymmetric numeral systems or prefix codes (useful for low-complexity encoders, or reducing the overhead of short streams).[15]

Animated (multi-frame) images do not perform advanced inter-frame prediction, though some rudimentary inter-frame coding tools are available:

* Frames can be smaller than the full canvas size, leaving other pixels untouched.
* Frames support several blending modes in addition to replacing previous frames, such as addition or multiplication.[24]
* Up to four frames can be remembered and referenced by later frames, using the "patches" coding tool.

## Industry support and adoption

[edit]

Besides Cloudinary, throughout JPEG XL's preliminary implementation in web browsers, various representatives of well-known industry brand names have publicly voiced support for JPEG XL as their preferred choice, including Facebook,[25][26] Adobe,[27][28] Intel and the Video Electronics Standards Association,[29][30] The Guardian,[31][32] Flickr and SmugMug,[33] Shopify,[34] the Krita Foundation,[35] and Serif Ltd.[36]

Google's stance on JPEG XL is ambiguous, as it has contributed to the format but refrained from shipping an implementation of it in Chromium and Google Chrome. An extension to enable JPEG XL support in Chrome[37] and Firefox[38] became available in January 2024.

## Software

[edit]

### Codec implementations

[edit]

JPEG XL Reference Software (libjxl)

Initial release| December 27, 2019; 4 years ago (2019-12-27)[39]
Stable release|

0.11.0 / September 13, 2024; 1 day ago (2024-09-13)

Repository| https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl[40]
Written in| C++
Operating system|

* Unix-like
* Windows
* Haiku

License| New BSD License (previously Apache License 2.0)
Website| jpeg.org/jpegxl

* JPEG XL Reference Software (libjxl)
* license: New BSD License (previously Apache License 2.0)
* contains (among others):
* encode/decode library `libjxl`
* encoder `cjxl`
* decoder `djxl`
* fast lossless-only encoder `fjxl`
* tool for benchmarking speed and quality of image codecs `benchmark_xl`
* GIMP and Gtk pixbuf plugin `file-jxl`
* J40: Independent, self-contained JPEG XL decoder[41]
* license: MIT License No Attribution
* C99 single header library (no dependencies)
* In Roman numerals, "XL" denotes 40, hence the name
* libjxl-tiny: a simpler encoder implementation of JPEG XL, aimed at photographic images without an alpha channel.[42]
* license: New BSD License
* jxlatte: Java JPEG XL decoder [43]
* license: MIT License
* jxl_decode: A Python JPEG XL decoder.[44]
* license: MIT License
* hydrium: Fast, ultra-low-memory, streaming JPEG XL encoder written in portable C.[45]
* license: BSD License
* jxl-oxide: Small JPEG XL decoder written completely in Rust. Fully conforms to the specification.[46]
* dual license: MIT License and Apache License 2.0

### Official software support

[edit]

* Apple Inc.[47]
* iOS/iPadOS 17 and later – system-wide reading including Files and Photos
* macOS Sonoma (version 14) and later – reading on Finder and Preview[48]
* visionOS (presumed)
* watchOS 10 and later
* Safari 17 and later[49][50] via the WebKit engine[51]
* Samsung
* One UI in Samsung Galaxy S24 \- storage capacity in Expert Raw[52]
* Tachiyomi 0.12.1 and later[53]
* Waterfox, a Firefox fork supports displaying JPEG XL images and animations.
* Pale Moon v31.4.0 and later (v31.4.1 fixed wrong color of decoded JPEG XL images, v31.4.2 fixed JPEG-XL's transparency display for images with an alpha channel, and v32.0.0 support progressive decoding and animation for JPEG XL.)[54]
* ImageMagick – reading and writing of JPEG XL images[55]
* KDE applications can be built with KImageFormats plugin with native JPEG XL support.[56] This gives most KDE apps native support for both read and writing and works with all apps from the Dolphin file manager including Gwenview image viewer, Krita digital painting tool and DigiKam photo manager.
* XnView – reading and writing of JPEG XL images[57]
* Affinity suite – reading and writing of JPEG XL images[58]
* GNOME 45 and later
* GTK via the GDK pixbuf plugin.[59] Prior to 45, it wasn't supported officially.[60]
* Shell \- used to store the default wallpapers.[61]
* Image Viewer via the Glycin image decoding library.[62]
* Epiphany[63] via the WebKitGTK engine.[64]
* Digital Negative \- since version 1.7.0.0, this raw image format allows image data contained within to be compressed using JPEG XL.[65]
* imlib2 of Enlightment/EFL, that many image viewers are based on

### Unofficial or indirect support

[edit]

* Microsoft Windows – A 3rd-party Windows Imaging Component (WIC) plugin adds viewing to File Explorer, Microsoft Photos, Windows Photo Viewer, and thumbnails, and aware apps. Only On Windows 7/10.[66]
* Another Windows Imaging Component plugin, jxl-winthumb.[67]
* macOS (prior to 14.0 Sonoma) – via a standalone app and a plugin for Quick Look.[68]
* Qt support can be added with the qt-jpegxl-image-plugin.[69]
* jpeg-xl-encode: a PHP JPEG XL wrapper for the reference implementation.[70]

### Preliminary web browser support

[edit]

* Firefox web browser – introduced for testing in Firefox Nightly build[71]

Support for JPEG XL in Chromium and Chrome web browsers was introduced for testing April 1, 2021[72] and removed on December 9, 2022 - with support removed in version 110.[73][74] The Chrome team cited a lack of interest from the ecosystem, insufficient improvements, and a wish to focus on improving existing formats as reasons for removing JPEG XL support.[72][75][73] The decision was met with opposition from the community, with many voicing support for JPEG XL on Chromium's bug tracker.[72][76][75] Jon Sneyers, co-author of the JPEG XL spec, has questioned the conclusions drawn by the Chrome team, saying: "I think there has been an unfortunate misinterpretation of the data ... which has unfortunately lead  [sic] to an incorrect decision."[77] The decision was also criticized by Greg Farough from the Free Software Foundation, who said it demonstrated Google's "disturbing amount of control" over the web and web browsers.[78]

## Standardization status

[edit]

Common Name | Part | First public release date (First edition) | ISO/IEC Number | Formal Title

|
|
|
|

JPEG XL | Part 1 | 30 March 2022 | ISO/IEC 18181-1:2024 | JPEG XL Image Coding System — Part 1: Core coding system[4]
Part 2 | 13 October 2021 | ISO/IEC 18181-2:2024 | JPEG XL Image Coding System — Part 2: File format[12]
Part 3 | 3 October 2022 | ISO/IEC 18181-3:2022 | JPEG XL Image Coding System — Part 3: Conformance testing
Part 4 | 5 August 2022 | ISO/IEC 18181-4:2022 | JPEG XL Image Coding System — Part 4: Reference software

## Rivals

[edit]

The main competitor for JPEG XL is AVIF, which is based on the AV1 video codec in a HEIF container. JPEG XL beats AVIF for higher quality images, but AVIF will often outperform JPEG XL on low quality images in low-fidelity, high-appeal compression: low quality AVIF images will smooth out details and hide compression artifacts better, making them more visually appealing than JPEG XL images of the same size, at the cost of being less faithful to the original source image. However, it is unclear to what extent this results from inherent properties of the two image formats themselves, and to what extent this results from the engineering focus of the available encoders.[79]

Other rival formats include:

* HEIC - HEVC video codec in a HEIF container
* WebP \- VP8 video codec in a RIFF container

## Notes

[edit]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Media Types". IANA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-05. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
2. ^ "JPEG XL Format Overview". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
3. ^ a b "fuif/README.md". GitHub. 2019-04-04. Archived from the original on 2021-04-24.
4. ^ a b c ISO/IEC 18181-1:2022 Information technology — JPEG XL image coding system — Part 1: Core coding system.
5. ^ a b "Can JPEG XL Become the Next Free and Open Image Format? - Slashdot". 2021-02-20. Archived from the original on 2021-12-30.
6. ^ "Support for reading/Writing JPEG XL images (#4681) · Issues · GNOME / GIMP". 2021-02-26. Archived from the original on 2021-12-30.
7. ^ a b "N79010 Final Call for Proposals for a Next-Generation Image Coding Standard (JPEG XL)" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (ITU-T SG16). 15 April 2018.
8. ^ Rhatushnyak, Alexander; Wassenberg, Jan; Sneyers, Jon; Alakuijala, Jyrki; Vandevenne, Lode; Versari, Luca; Obryk, Robert; Szabadka, Zoltan; Kliuchnikov, Evgenii; Comsa, Iulia-Maria; Potempa, Krzysztof; Bruse, Martin; Firsching, Moritz; Khasanova, Renata; Ruud van Asseldonk; Boukortt, Sami; Gomez, Sebastian; Fischbacher, Thomas (2019). "Committee Draft of JPEG XL Image Coding System". arXiv:1908.03565 [eess.IV].
9. ^ "PIK, A new lossy/lossless image format for photos and the internet". GitHub. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
10. ^ "FUIF, Free Universal Image Format". GitHub. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
11. ^ "v0.2 JPEG XL Reference Software". GitLab. 2021-02-19. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20.
12. ^ a b ISO/IEC 18181-2:2021 Information technology — JPEG XL image coding system — Part 2: File format.
13. ^ "Using Saliency in progressive JPEG XL images". Retrieved 2022-10-17.
14. ^ "JPEG XL reaches Committee Draft". JPEG.org. 2019-08-03. Archived from the original on 2019-08-03. Retrieved 2019-08-03. "The current contributors have committed to releasing it publicly under a royalty-free and open source license."
15. ^ a b "JPEG XL White Paper" (PDF). JPEG.org. 2021-01-29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
16. ^ "JPEG XL vs. AVIF - Page 6". encode.su. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
17. ^ a b c d Sneyers, Jon (26 May 2020). "How JPEG XL Compares to Other Image Codecs". Cloudinary. Archived from the original on 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
18. ^ Alakuijala, Jyrki; Boukortt, Sami; Ebrahimi, Touradj; Kliuchnikov, Evgenii; Sneyers, Jon; Upenik, Evgeniy; Vandevenne, Lode; Versari, Luca; Wassenberg, Jan (2020). "Benchmarking JPEG XL image compression". In Schelkens, Peter; Kozacki, Tomasz (eds.). Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications VI. p. 32\. doi:10.1117/12.2556264. ISBN 978-1-5106-3478-7.
19. ^ "libjxl/libjxl: JPEG XL image format reference implementation". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
20. ^ "FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
21. ^ Alakuijala, Jyrki; van Asseldonk, Ruud; Boukortt, Sami; Szabadka, Zoltan; Bruse, Martin; Comsa, Iulia-Maria; Firsching, Moritz; Fischbacher, Thomas; Kliuchnikov, Evgenii; Gomez, Sebastian; Obryk, Robert; Potempa, Krzysztof; Rhatushnyak, Alexander; Sneyers, Jon; Szabadka, Zoltan; Vandervenne, Lode; Versari, Luca; Wassenberg, Jan (6 September 2019). "JPEG XL next-generation image compression architecture and coding tools". In Tescher, Andrew G; Ebrahimi, Touradj (eds.). Applications of Digital Image Processing XLII. Vol. 11137\. p. 20\. Bibcode:2019SPIE11137E..0KA. doi:10.1117/12.2529237. ISBN 9781510629677.
22. ^ "FLIF, 3 Sep 2021, jonsneyers comment". GitHub.
23. ^ Sneyers, Jon (2021-12-10). "Feature request: allow jbrd to reconstruct a part of the file when it's not possible for the whole file". GitHub.
24. ^ "JPEG XL reference implementation". GitHub. 3 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
25. ^ Andre, Erik (2021-04-20). "Statement of support by Facebook on Chromium's issue #1178058". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
26. ^ Andre, Erik (2021-05-24). "Statement of support by Facebook on Firefox's issue #1539075". bugzilla.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
27. ^ Rosenthol, Leonard (2021-06-07). "Statement of support by Adobe on Firefox's issue #1539075". bugzilla.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
28. ^ Chan, Eric (2022-08-23). "Statement of support by Adobe on Chromium's issue #1178058". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
29. ^ Wooster, Roland (2022-08-24). "Statement of support on Chromium's issue #1178058 by VESA's DisplayHDR Chairman and Principal Engineer at Intel's Client Computing Group". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
30. ^ Wooster, Roland (2022-11-11). "Reinforced statement of support on Chromium's issue #1178058 by VESA's DisplayHDR Chairman and Principal Engineer at Intel's Client Computing Group". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
31. ^ Chauvin, Mariot (2022-08-26). "Statement of support by The Guardian on Chromium's issue #1178058". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
32. ^ Chauvin, Mariot (2022-01-13). "Statement of support by The Guardian on Firefox's issue #1539075". bugzilla.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
33. ^ MacAskill, Don (2022-01-04). "Statement of support by Flickr and SmugMug on Firefox's issue #1539075". bugzilla.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
34. ^ Bendell, Colin (2022-10-17). "Statement of support by Shopify on Chromium's issue #1178058". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
35. ^ Rempt, Rempt (2022-11-10). "Statement of support by the Krita Foundation on Chromium's issue #1178058". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
36. ^ Brightman, Tony (2022-11-11). "Statement of support by Serif Ltd.'s SerifLabs on Chromium's issue #1178058". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
37. ^ "JPEG XL Viewer". chromewebstore.google.com. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
38. ^ "JPEG XL viewer – Get this Extension for 🦊 Firefox (en-US)". addons.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
39. ^ "Update JPEG-XL with latest changes". GitHub. 2019-12-27. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
40. ^ "PLEASE DO NOT OPEN NEW ISSUES HERE". Retrieved 27 May 2021.
41. ^ J40: Independent, self-contained JPEG XL decoder
42. ^ "libjxl-tiny". GitHub. 4 November 2022.
43. ^ "jxlatte". GitHub. 23 December 2022.
44. ^ "jxl_decode". GitHub. 8 June 2023.
45. ^ Leo Izen (6 March 2023). "hydrium". GitHub. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
46. ^ Wonwoo Choi (29 October 2023). "jxl-oxide". GitHub. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
47. ^ "JPEG XL: How It Started, How It's Going". Cloudinary. 12 July 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
48. ^ "macOS 14 Sonoma: The Ars Technica review". ArsTechnica. 2023-10-29. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
49. ^ "Explore media formats for the web - WWDC23 - Videos". Apple Developer. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
50. ^ "Safari 17 Beta Release Notes". Apple Developer Documentation. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
51. ^ "208235 – Support JPEG XL images". bugs.webkit.org. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
52. ^ "Introducing the Galaxy S24 Camera/Gallery!". Samsung Community. 17 January 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
53. ^ "Changelogs". Tachiyomi. Archived from the original on 2024-06-12. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
54. ^ "Pale Moon - Release Notes for Archived Versions". Retrieved 2024-01-17.
55. ^ "ImageMagick – Image Formats". ImageMagick. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
56. ^ "KImageFormats". KDE Invent. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
57. ^ "Supported graphic and image formats". XnView.com. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
58. ^ "Photo Editing Feature List | Affinity Photo". Affinity. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
59. ^ "Add libjxl to SDK and enable it for WebKitGTK". GNOME GitLab.
60. ^ "GDK-pixbuf loader plugin's hard dependency on SKIA / SCMS may hurt adoption in core components of Linux desktop environments and distros". libjxl GitHub. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
61. ^ "default: switch JPG>JXL format". GNOME GitLab. 2023-07-31.
62. ^ "Image Viewer 45.beta". GNOME GitLab. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
63. ^ "Support for JPEG-XL (#2040) · Issues · GNOME / Epiphany · GitLab". GitLab. 2023-04-12. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
64. ^ "257871 – [CMake] Enable JPEG XL by default, no longer experimental". bugs.webkit.org. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
65. ^ "Digital Negative (DNG) Specification Version 1.7.1.0" (PDF). September 2023.
66. ^ "Jpeg Xl Wic". GitHub. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
67. ^ "JXL WIN Thumb". GitHub. 11 June 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
68. ^ "JXLook". GitHub. December 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
69. ^ "Qt jpegxl image plugin". GitHub. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
70. ^ Siipola, Johannes (2022-10-31), JPEG XL Encode, retrieved 2022-11-29
71. ^ "1539075 - (JPEG-XL) Implement support for JPEG XL (Image/JXL)". Archived from the original on 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
72. ^ a b c "Issue 1178058: JPEG XL decoding support (image/jxl) in blink (tracking bug)". bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
73. ^ a b Proven, Liam. "Google drops forthcoming version of JPEG from Chromium". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
74. ^ JPEG XL support
75. ^ a b Sneyers, Jon (2022-11-02). "The Case for JPEG-XL". Cloudinary Blog. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
76. ^ Shankland, Stephen (2022-11-03). "Chrome Banishes JPEG XL Photo Format That Could Save Phone Space". CNET. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
77. ^ Sneyers, Jon (2022-12-14). "Re: Intent to Prototype: JPEG XL decoding support (image/jxl) in blink". blink-dev (Mailing list). Retrieved 2022-12-30.
78. ^ Purdy, Kevin (2023-04-17). "FSF: Chrome's JPEG XL killing shows how the web works under browser hegemony". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
79. ^ "It's High Time to Replace JPEG With a Next-Generation Image Codec". Cloudinary Blog. 2021-02-22. Retrieved 2024-09-13.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to JPEG XL.

* Official website
* Reference implementation on GitHub
* builds: Nightly dev builds
* Community website
* J40 Independent, self-contained JPEG XL decoder

* v
* t
* e

Graphics file formats

Raster|

* ANI
* ANIM
* APNG
* ART
* AVIF
* BMP
* BPG
* BSAVE
* CAL
* CIN
* CPC
* CPT
* DDS
* DPX
* ECW
* EXR
* FITS
* FLIC
* FLIF
* FPX
* GIF
* HDRi
* HEVC
* ICER
* ICNS
* ICO / CUR
* ICS
* ILBM
* JBIG
* JBIG2
* JNG
* JPEG
* JPEG-LS
* JPEG 2000
* JPEG XL
* JPEG XR
* JPEG XS
* JPEG XT
* JPEG-HDR
* KRA
* MNG
* MIFF
* NRRD
* ORA
* PAM
* PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM
* PCX
* PGF
* PICtor
* PNG
* PSD / PSB
* PSP
* QOI
* QTVR
* RAS
* RGBE
* Logluv TIFF
* SGI
* TGA
* TIFF
* TIFF/EP
* TIFF/IT
* UFO / UFP
* WBMP
* WebP
* XBM
* XCF
* XPM
* XWD

Raw|

* CIFF
* DNG

Vector|

* AI
* CDR
* CGM
* DXF
* EMF
* EMF+
* Gerber
* HVIF
* IGES
* PGML
* SVG
* VML
* WMF
* Xar

Compound|

* CDF
* DjVu
* EPS
* MODCA
* PDF
* PICT
* PS
* SWF
* XAML

Metadata|

* Exchangeable image file format (Exif)
* International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata
* Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)
* GIF § Metadata
* Steganography

* Category
* Comparison

* v
* t
* e

Multimedia compression and container formats

Video
compression|

| ISO, IEC,
MPEG|

* DV
* MJPEG
* Motion JPEG 2000
* MPEG-1
* MPEG-2
* Part 2
* MPEG-4
* Part 2 / ASP
* Part 10 / AVC
* Part 33 / IVC
* MPEG-H
* Part 2 / HEVC
* MPEG-I
* Part 3 / VVC
* MPEG-5
* Part 1 / EVC
* Part 2 / LCEVC

|

ITU-T, VCEG|

* H.120
* H.261
* H.262
* H.263
* H.264 / AVC
* H.265 / HEVC
* H.266 / VVC

SMPTE|

* VC-1
* VC-2
* VC-3
* VC-5
* VC-6

TrueMotion and AOMedia|

* TrueMotion S
* VP3
* VP6
* VP7
* VP8
* VP9
* AV1

Chinese Standard|

* AVS1 P2/AVS+(GB/T 20090.2/16)
* AVS2 P2(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
* HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
* AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)

Others|

* Apple Video
* AVS
* Bink
* Cinepak
* Daala
* DVI
* FFV1
* Huffyuv
* Indeo
* Lagarith
* Microsoft Video 1
* MSU Lossless
* OMS Video
* Pixlet
* ProRes
* 422
* 4444
* QuickTime
* Animation
* Graphics
* RealVideo
* RTVideo
* SheerVideo
* Smacker
* Sorenson Video/Spark
* Theora
* Thor
* Ut
* WMV
* XEB
* YULS

Audio
compression|

| ISO, IEC,
MPEG|

* MPEG-1 Layer II
* Multichannel
* MPEG-1 Layer I
* MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
* AAC
* HE-AAC
* AAC-LD
* MPEG Surround
* MPEG-4 ALS
* MPEG-4 SLS
* MPEG-4 DST
* MPEG-4 HVXC
* MPEG-4 CELP
* MPEG-D USAC
* MPEG-H 3D Audio

|

ITU-T|

* G.711
* A-law
* µ-law
* G.718
* G.719
* G.722
* G.722.1
* G.722.2
* G.723
* G.723.1
* G.726
* G.728
* G.729
* G.729.1

IETF|

* Opus
* iLBC
* Speex
* Vorbis
* FLAC

3GPP|

* AMR
* AMR-WB
* AMR-WB+
* EVRC
* EVRC-B
* EVS
* GSM-HR
* GSM-FR
* GSM-EFR

ETSI|

* AC-3
* AC-4
* DTS

Bluetooth SIG|

* SBC
* LC3

Chinese Standard|

* AVS1 P10(GB/T 20090.10)
* AVS2 P3(GB/T 33475.3)
* Audio Vivid(GY/T 363)
* DRA(GB/T 22726)
* L2HC
* ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)

Others|

* ACELP
* ALAC
* Asao
* ATRAC
* CELT
* Codec 2
* iSAC
* Lyra
* MELP
* Monkey's Audio
* MT9
* Musepack
* OptimFROG
* OSQ
* QCELP
* RCELP
* RealAudio
* RTAudio
* SD2
* SHN
* SILK
* Siren
* SMV
* SVOPC
* TTA
* True Audio
* TwinVQ
* VMR-WB
* VSELP
* WavPack
* WMA
* MQA
* aptX
* aptX HD
* aptX Low Latency
* aptX Adaptive
* LDAC
* LHDC
* LLAC

Image
compression|

| IEC, ISO, IETF,
W3C, ITU-T, JPEG|

* CCITT Group 4
* GIF
* HEIC / HEIF
* HEVC
* JBIG
* JBIG2
* JPEG
* JPEG 2000
* JPEG-LS
* JPEG XL
* JPEG XR
* JPEG XS
* JPEG XT
* PNG
* TIFF
* TIFF/EP
* TIFF/IT

|

Others|

* APNG
* AV1
* AVIF
* BPG
* DjVu
* EXR
* FLIF
* ICER
* MNG
* PGF
* QOI
* QTVR
* WBMP
* WebP

Containers|

| ISO, IEC|

* MPEG-ES
* MPEG-PES
* MPEG-PS
* MPEG-TS
* ISO/IEC base media file format
* MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4)
* Motion JPEG 2000
* MPEG-21 Part 9
* MPEG media transport

|

ITU-T|

* H.222.0
* T.802

IETF|

* RTP
* Ogg
* Matroska

SMPTE|

* GXF
* MXF

Others|

* 3GP and 3G2
* AMV
* ASF
* AIFF
* AVI
* AU
* BPG
* Bink
* Smacker
* BMP
* DivX Media Format
* EVO
* Flash Video
* HEIF
* IFF
* M2TS
* Matroska
* WebM
* QuickTime File Format
* RatDVD
* RealMedia
* RIFF
* WAV
* MOD and TOD
* VOB, IFO and BUP

Collaborations|

* NETVC
* MPEG LA
* Alliance for Open Media

Methods|

* Entropy
* Arithmetic
* Huffman
* Modified
* LPC
* ACELP
* CELP
* LSP
* WLPC
* Lossless
* Lossy
* LZ
* DEFLATE
* LZW
* PCM
* A-law
* µ-law
* ADPCM
* DPCM
* Transforms
* DCT
* FFT
* MDCT
* Wavelet
* Daubechies
* DWT

Lists|

* Comparison of audio coding formats
* Comparison of video codecs
* List of codecs

See Compression methods for techniques and Compression software for codecs

* v
* t
* e

ISO standards by standard number

List of ISO standards – ISO romanizations – IEC standards

1–9999|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 6
* 7
* 9
* 16
* 17
* 31
* -0
* -1
* -3
* -4
* -5
* -6
* -7
* -8
* -9
* -10
* -11
* -12
* -13
* 68-1
* 128
* 216
* 217
* 226
* 228
* 233
* 259
* 261
* 262
* 302
* 306
* 361
* 500
* 518
* 519
* 639
* -1
* -2
* -3
* -5
* -6
* 646
* 657
* 668
* 690
* 704
* 732
* 764
* 838
* 843
* 860
* 898
* 965
* 999
* 1000
* 1004
* 1007
* 1073-1
* 1073-2
* 1155
* 1413
* 1538
* 1629
* 1745
* 1989
* 2014
* 2015
* 2022
* 2033
* 2047
* 2108
* 2145
* 2146
* 2240
* 2281
* 2533
* 2709
* 2711
* 2720
* 2788
* 2848
* 2852
* 2921
* 3029
* 3103
* 3166
* -1
* -2
* -3
* 3297
* 3307
* 3601
* 3602
* 3864
* 3901
* 3950
* 3977
* 4031
* 4157
* 4165
* 4217
* 4909
* 5218
* 5426
* 5427
* 5428
* 5725
* 5775
* 5776
* 5800
* 5807
* 5964
* 6166
* 6344
* 6346
* 6373
* 6385
* 6425
* 6429
* 6438
* 6523
* 6709
* 6943
* 7001
* 7002
* 7010
* 7027
* 7064
* 7098
* 7185
* 7200
* 7498
* -1
* 7637
* 7736
* 7810
* 7811
* 7812
* 7813
* 7816
* 7942
* 8000
* 8093
* 8178
* 8217
* 8373
* 8501-1
* 8571
* 8583
* 8601
* 8613
* 8632
* 8651
* 8652
* 8691
* 8805/8806
* 8807
* 8820-5
* 8859
* -1
* -2
* -3
* -4
* -5
* -6
* -7
* -8
* -8-I
* -9
* -10
* -11
* -12
* -13
* -14
* -15
* -16
* 8879
* 9000/9001
* 9036
* 9075
* 9126
* 9141
* 9227
* 9241
* 9293
* 9314
* 9362
* 9407
* 9496
* 9506
* 9529
* 9564
* 9592/9593
* 9594
* 9660
* 9797-1
* 9897
* 9899
* 9945
* 9984
* 9985
* 9995

10000–19999|

* 10006
* 10007
* 10116
* 10118-3
* 10160
* 10161
* 10165
* 10179
* 10206
* 10218
* 10279
* 10303
* -11
* -21
* -22
* -28
* -238
* 10383
* 10585
* 10589
* 10628
* 10646
* 10664
* 10746
* 10861
* 10957
* 10962
* 10967
* 11073
* 11170
* 11172
* 11179
* 11404
* 11544
* 11783
* 11784
* 11785
* 11801
* 11889
* 11898
* 11940 (-2)
* 11941
* 11941 (TR)
* 11992
* 12006
* 12052
* 12182
* 12207
* 12234-2
* 12620
* 13211
* -1
* -2
* 13216
* 13250
* 13399
* 13406-2
* 13450
* 13485
* 13490
* 13567
* 13568
* 13584
* 13616
* 13816
* 13818
* 14000
* 14031
* 14224
* 14289
* 14396
* 14443
* 14496
* -2
* -3
* -6
* -10
* -11
* -12
* -14
* -17
* -20
* 14617
* 14644
* 14649
* 14651
* 14698
* 14764
* 14882
* 14971
* 15022
* 15189
* 15288
* 15291
* 15398
* 15408
* 15444
* -3
* -9
* 15445
* 15438
* 15504
* 15511
* 15686
* 15693
* 15706
* -2
* 15707
* 15897
* 15919
* 15924
* 15926
* 15926 WIP
* 15930
* 15938
* 16023
* 16262
* 16355-1
* 16485
* 16612-2
* 16750
* 16949 (TS)
* 17024
* 17025
* 17100
* 17203
* 17369
* 17442
* 17506
* 17799
* 18004
* 18014
* 18181
* 18245
* 18629
* 18916
* 19005
* 19011
* 19092
* -1
* -2
* 19114
* 19115
* 19125
* 19136
* 19407
* 19439
* 19500
* 19501
* 19502
* 19503
* 19505
* 19506
* 19507
* 19508
* 19509
* 19510
* 19600
* 19752
* 19757
* 19770
* 19775-1
* 19794-5
* 19831

20000–29999|

* 20000
* 20022
* 20121
* 20400
* 20802
* 20830
* 21000
* 21001
* 21047
* 21122
* 21500
* 21827
* 22000
* 22275
* 22300
* 22301
* 22395
* 22537
* 23000
* 23003
* 23008
* 23009
* 23090-3
* 23092
* 23094-1
* 23094-2
* 23270
* 23271
* 23360
* 23941
* 24517
* 24613
* 24617
* 24707
* 24728
* 25178
* 25964
* 26000
* 26262
* 26300
* 26324
* 27000 series
* 27000
* 27001
* 27002
* 27005
* 27006
* 27729
* 28000
* 29110
* 29148
* 29199-2
* 29500

30000+|

* 30170
* 31000
* 32000
* 37001
* 38500
* 39075
* 40500
* 42010
* 45001
* 50001
* 55000
* 56000
* 80000

* Category

* v
* t
* e

IEC standards

IEC|

* 60027
* 60034
* 60038
* 60062
* 60063
* 60068
* 60112
* 60228
* 60269
* 60297
* 60309
* 60320
* 60364
* 60446
* 60559
* 60601
* 60870
* 60870-5
* 60870-6
* 60906-1
* 60908
* 60929
* 60958
* 61030
* 61131
* 61131-3
* 61131-9
* 61158
* 61162
* 61334
* 61355
* 61360
* 61400
* 61499
* 61508
* 61511
* 61784
* 61850
* 61851
* 61883
* 61960
* 61968
* 61970
* 62014-4
* 62026
* 62056
* 62061
* 62196
* 62262
* 62264
* 62304
* 62325
* 62351
* 62365
* 62366
* 62379
* 62386
* 62455
* 62680
* 62682
* 62700
* 63110
* 63119
* 63382

ISO/IEC|

* 646
* 1989
* 2022
* 4909
* 5218
* 6429
* 6523
* 7810
* 7811
* 7812
* 7813
* 7816
* 7942
* 8613
* 8632
* 8652
* 8859
* 9126
* 9293
* 9496
* 9529
* 9592
* 9593
* 9899
* 9945
* 9995
* 10021
* 10116
* 10165
* 10179
* 10279
* 10646
* 10967
* 11172
* 11179
* 11404
* 11544
* 11801
* 12207
* 13250
* 13346
* 13522-5
* 13568
* 13816
* 13818
* 14443
* 14496
* 14651
* 14882
* 15288
* 15291
* 15408
* 15444
* 15445
* 15504
* 15511
* 15693
* 15897
* 15938
* 16262
* 16485
* 17024
* 17025
* 18004
* 18014
* 18181
* 19752
* 19757
* 19770
* 19788
* 20000
* 20802
* 21000
* 21827
* 22275
* 22537
* 23000
* 23003
* 23008
* 23270
* 23360
* 24707
* 24727
* 24744
* 24752
* 26300
* 27000
* 27000-series
* 27002
* 27040
* 29110
* 29119
* 33001
* 38500
* 39075
* 42010
* 80000
* 81346

Related|

* International Electrotechnical Commission

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