Janata Dal (United)

Political party in India

Indian political party

Janata Dal (United)

Abbreviation| JD(U)
Leader| Nitish Kumar
Lok Sabha Leader| Dileshwar Kamait
Rajya Sabha Leader| Sanjay Kumar Jha
Founder|

* Sharad Yadav
* George Fernandes
* Nitish Kumar

Founded| 30 October 2003 (21 years ago) (30 October 2003)
Merger of|

* Janata Dal
* Samata Party
* Lok Shakti

Headquarters| 7, Jantar Mantar Road, New Delhi, India-110001
Newspaper| JD(U) Sandesh
Student wing| Chhatra JDU
Youth wing| Yuva JDU
Women's wing| Mahila JDU
Ideology| Secularism[1][2]
Political position| Centre[3]
ECI Status| Bihar and Manipur (State Party)
Alliance|

* NDA (2003–2013, 2017–2022, 2024–present)
* INDIA (2023–24)
* UPA (2015–17, 2022–23)
* Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) (2015–17, 2022–24)
* Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) (2022–24)

Seats in Lok Sabha|

12 / 543

Seats in Rajya Sabha|

4 / 245

Seats in State Legislative Assemblies|

List

44 / 243

(Bihar Legislative Assembly)

21 / 75

(Bihar Legislative Council)

1 / 60

(Manipur Legislative Assembly)

1 / 60

(Nagaland Legislative Assembly)

Number of states and union territories in government|

2 / 31

Election symbol
Party flag
Website
jdu.org.in

* Politics of India
* Political parties
* Elections

Janata Dal (United) ("People's Party (United)"), abbreviated as JD(U), is an Indian political party with political presence mainly in eastern and north-eastern India.[4] JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar and Manipur and is a part of government in both the states. JD(U) heads the government in Bihar and is part of the NDA government in Manipur.[5][6][7] JD(U) won 12 seats in the 2024 Indian general election, making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha. JD(U) states that they believe in promoting social justice and lifting up marginalized peoples.[8]

The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lok Shakti Party and the Samata Party on 30 October 2003. But the Election Commission of India refused the merger of the Samata Party, then Brahmanand Mandal became the president, but he was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and not physically well, so Uday Mandal became president[9] and he has taken charge of the Samata Party.[10][11] Janata Dal (United)'s party mentor and patron is the veteran socialist leader George Fernandes.[12] JD(U) is currently a part of the National Democratic Alliance.

## History

[edit]

### Formation

[edit]

JDU leaders Nitish Kumar, Umesh Singh Kushwaha and Vijay Kumar Chaudhary participating in nomination of party's national General Secretary Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha to Bihar Legislative Council in 2024 alongside Bharatiya Janata Party state chief Samrat Choudhary and others.

The Janata Dal (United)'s origin goes back to the period before 1999 General Election. A faction led by then Chief Minister of Karnataka J. H. Patel had lent support to the National Democratic Alliance, leading to the split in the Janata Dal leading to the formation of Janata Dal (Secular) under H. D. Deve Gowda, who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and Janata Dal under Sharad Yadav was called Janata Dal (United).[13]

The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata Dal, the Lok Shakti and the Samata Party.[14] On 30 October 2003, the Samata Party led by George Fernandes and Nitish Kumar merged with the Janata Dal. The merged entity was called Janata Dal (United) with the arrow symbol of Janata Dal (United) and the green and white flag of the Samata Party.[12] The uniting force is believed to be common opposition to Rashtriya Janata Dal in Bihar especially after the Rashtriya Janata Dal welcomed Samata Party rebels like Raghunath Jha into the party.

### In NDA

[edit]

Nitish Kumar sharing the stage with legislators and senior leaders of Janata Dal United on the occasion of state council meeting of the party at its headquarter Karpoori Bhawan, Patna.

JD(U) joined NDA and along with its alliance partner, the BJP defeated the RJD-led UPA government in Bihar in November 2005. New government was headed by JD(U) leader, Nitish Kumar and NDA continued to govern state. The alliance contested 2009 Indian general election and won 32 seats. BJP won 12 while JD(U) won 20.[15] JD(U) won 115 and BJP won 91 seats in 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. Thus together holding 206 seats in 243 member Bihar Legislative Assembly.

### Out of NDA

[edit]

JD(U) broke its 17 years old alliance with the BJP in Bihar in protest against the elevation of Narendra Modi as ahead of the election campaign committee of BJP for 2014 Indian general election. JD(U) President Sharad Yadav and then Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar announced their end of coalition at a press conference on 16 June 2013, exactly a week after Narendra Modi was made the BJP's campaign committee chairman, who was later made the prime ministerial candidate of NDA. Just after this split, Sharad Yadav relinquished his position as the NDA convenor.[16]

The JD(U) contested the election in Bihar in an alliance with the Communist Party of India but they won only two seats out of total forty seats of Bihar while the BJP-LJP alliance won 31 seats.[15][17][18] Following poor performance in election, Nitish Kumar resigned as Chief Minister of Bihar and Jitan Ram Manjhi sworn in as a new Chief Minister. When the trust vote was demanded by the BJP to prove majority in Bihar Legislative Assembly, the RJD supported the JD(U) in the assembly on 23 May 2014 to pass the majority mark.[19]

### The Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance)

[edit]

On 29 December 2014, Kerala-based Socialist Janata (Democratic) merged with the JD(U) with its leader M.P. Veerendra Kumar, accepting the party flag from JD(U) leader Nitish Kumar. This was an important milestone in bringing a pan-Indian appeal to the JD(U) which is largely limited to the state of Bihar. [20]

On 14 April 2015, the JD(U), Janata Dal (Secular), Rashtriya Janata Dal, the Indian National Lok Dal, Samajwadi Party, and Samajwadi Janata Party announced that they would merge into a new national Janata Parivar alliance in order to fight against the BJP in cooperation with one another, thus leaving the UPA. But for some reason this did not take place and the Samajwadi Party was subsequently offered 3 seats out of an assembly of 243 in the Bihar elections. Unhappy with this deal, it left the alliance and fought the elections separately.[21] On 9 May, MLA Jitan Ram Manjhi was expelled from the JD(U) and he later founded the Hindustani Awam Morcha along with 17 other dissent JD(U) MLAs.[22]

In the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election JD(U) contested the election in an alliance with the RJD and Congress. It won 71 seats out of the 101 seats it contested and the alliance won 178 seats out the 243 seats in the assembly. Subsequently, Nitish Kumar again became the Chief Minister of Bihar.[23]

In the biennial elections to the Rajya Sabha held in March 2016, the ruling UDF of Kerala state gave one seat to JD(U) Kerala State Unit President M.P. Veerendra Kumar. In spite of having just 2 MLAs in the Legislative Assembly, the Congress gave a berth to its ally.[24]

### Alliance with NDA

[edit]

On 26 July 2017 5 pm, Nitish Kumar tendered his resignation as Chief Minister of Bihar, ending 20-month-old Mahgathbandhan (grand alliance) rule. The next day on 27 July 2017 10 am he again took oath as Chief Minister of Bihar with the support of BJP. Same day evening, Kerala JD(U) chief M.P. Veerendra Kumar announced the split of Kerala unit of the JD(U) from the party, due to Nitish Kumar led Bihar unit joined hands with the BJP.[25] On 28 July 2017, new NDA government won trust vote in Bihar assembly by 131 votes in favour and 108 against, four legislators did not vote.[26]

### Out of NDA

[edit]

On 9 August 2022, Nitish Kumar announced that the JD(U)'s alliance with the BJP in the Bihar Legislative Assembly was over.[27] He further made a claim that the new government in Bihar, a coalition of nine parties including the RJD and the INC would be a "Mahagathgandhan 2.0."

### Reorganisation after 2020 Assembly elections

[edit]

Nitish Kumar with state president Umesh Singh Kushwaha and other leaders of JDU during Rajya Sabha nomination of Khiru Mahto.

The JD(U), just like its parent Samata Party, had the core support of Kushwaha and Kurmi caste, which emanated from the great rally organised in 1993 at Gandhi Maidan, Patna. In 2020 Assembly elections, the party performed badly, and its seats in Bihar Legislative Assembly reduced to 43 from 75 in 2015 elections. The breakaway of the faction led by Upendra Kushwaha, who founded Rashtriya Lok Samata Party, was recognised as one of the principal reason behind reduction in support base of the party in many constituencies. In a bid to retain its support amongst its core vote base, the party made several organisational changes, like appointing Ramchandra Prasad Singh as national president of the party and Umesh Kushwaha as the state president. Meanwhile, it also tried to give effect to the merger of the Upendra Kushwaha led RLSP with itself. The RLSP was formed as a result of a split in JD(U) in 2013. Immediately after the merger, Upendra Kushwaha was made president of parliamentary board of the party.[28][29]

On 20 February 2023, Upendra Kushwaha resigned from the post of president of parliamentary committee of JDU and membership of Bihar Legislative Council and formed another party named Rashtriya Lok Morcha as a breakaway faction of JDU.[30]

However, Umesh Kushwaha, who was re-elected to the post of party's state chief in November 2022, continued to serve party in that position for the second term.[31]

### 2024 Lok Sabha elections

[edit]

Nitish Kumar with victors of 2024 Indian general election in Bihar.

In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, JDU was granted 16 seats against Bharatiya Janata Party's 17 seats and it contested in alliance with BJP and Chirag Paswan led Lok Janashakti Party (Ram Vilas). It won 12 seats in this election and played important role in formation of Third modi government in the centre. With this victory, JDU changed the narrative that it has been weakened over the time under the leadership of Nitish Kumar with latter's growing age and lack of next generation of leaders in the party.[32]

This election also revealed JDU's hold and support base amongst the members of Extremely Backward Castes, which turned out to be the reason behind party's spectacular performance in the constituencies dominated by them.[33] In order to consolidate its support base amongst the different caste groups, JDU appointed Dileshwar Kamait, a member of Extremely Backward Caste as its leader of parliamentary party in 18th Lok Sabha, Sanjay Kumar Jha was appointed as leader of parliamentary party in Rajya Sabha after the 2024 general elections.[34]

Subsequently, Lalan Singh and Ram Nath Thakur were made union ministers in Third Modi government from the JDU.[35]

## Electoral performance

[edit]

### Lok Sabha elections

[edit]

Lok Sabha  | Election  | Seats
contested  | Seats
won  | Votes Polled  | % of
votes  | State (seats)  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

14th Lok Sabha | 2004 | 73  | 8  | 91,44,963  | 2.53  | Bihar (6)
Lakshadweep(1)
Uttar Pradesh(1)  | [36]
15th Lok Sabha | 2009 | 27  | 20  | 59,36,786  | 1.5  | Bihar (20)  | [36]
16th Lok Sabha | 2014 | 93  | 2  | 59,92,281  | 1.08  | Bihar (2)  | [36]
17th Lok Sabha | 2019 | 24  | 16  | 89,26,679  | 1.45  | Bihar(16)  | [36] [1]
18th Lok Sabha | 2024 | 16  | 12  | 80,25,000  | 1.25  | Bihar(12)  | [36]

### Assembly elections

[edit]

Vidhan Sabha  | Assembly Election  | Seats Contested  | Seats Won  | % of votes  | % of votes in
seats contested  | Party Votes  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Bihar Legislative Assembly
12th Vidhan Sabha  | 2005 February | 138  | 55  | 14.55  | 26.41  | 3,564,930  | [37]
13th Vidhan Sabha  | 2005 October | 139  | 88  | 20.46  | 37.41  | 4,819,759  | [37]
14th Vidhan Sabha  | 2010 | 144  | 115  | 22.58  | 38.77  | 6,561,906  | [37]
15th Vidhan Sabha  | 2015 | 101  | 71  | 16.8  | 40.65  | 6,416,414  | [37]
16th Vidhan Sabha  | 2020 | 115  | 43  | 15.39  | 32.83  | 6,485,179  | [37]
Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
2nd Vidhan Sabha  | 2005 | 18  | 6  | 4.0  |  |  |
3rd Vidhan Sabha  | 2009 | 14  | 2  | 2.78  |  | 285,565  |
4th Vidhan Sabha  | 2014 | 11  | 0  | 0.96  |  | 133815  |
5th Vidhan Sabha  | 2019 | 45  | 0  | 0.73  |  | 110120  | [38]
Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
7th  | 2019 | 14  | 7  | 9.89  |  | 61,324  | [citation needed]
Manipur Legislative Assembly
13th  | 2022 | 38  | 6  | 10.77  |  | 200,100  | [citation needed]

## Prominent members

[edit]

* Nitish Kumar, National President, Chief Minister of Bihar.[39]
* Rajiv Ranjan Singh, Member of Parliament and Former Bihar JD(U) President.[40]

* Umesh Kushwaha, Bihar state President of Janata Dal (United).[41][42]
* Ramsewak Singh Kushwaha, National General Secretary.[43]
* Santosh Kumar Kushwaha, National General Secretary.[44]
* Kushwaha Ramkumar Sharma, National General Secretary.[44]
* Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha, National General Secretary.[44]

* Vijay Kumar Chaudhary, Former Speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly, Former Bihar JD(U) President & Former Leader of JD(U) Legislature Party.[45]
* Harivansh Narayan Singh – Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (2018)
* Bashistha Narain Singh, Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha.[46]
* Ram Nath Thakur, JDU Party leader in Rajya Sabha.[47]
* Bijendra Prasad Yadav, Minister for Energy, Registration, Excise and Prohibition, Government of Bihar

## List of chief ministers

[edit]

### Chief ministers of Bihar

[edit]

No  | Name  | Constituency  | Term of office  | Tenure length  | Assembly  | Ministry

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Nitish Kumar | MLC | 24 November 2005  | 26 November 2010  | 8 years, 177 days  | 14th | Nitish Kumar II
26 November 2010  | 20 May 2014  | 15th | Nitish Kumar III
2  | Jitan Ram Manjhi | Makhdumpur | 20 May 2014  | 22 February 2015  | 278 days  | Manjhi
(1)  | Nitish Kumar | MLC | 22 February 2015  | 20 November 2015  | 9 years, 287 days  | Nitish Kumar IV
20 November 2015  | 26 July 2017  | 16th | Nitish Kumar V
26 July 2017  | 16 November 2020  | Nitish Kumar VI
16 November 2020  | 9 August 2022  | 17th | Nitish Kumar VII
9 August 2022  | 31 January 2024  | Nitish Kumar VIII
31 January 2024  | Incumbent  | Nitish Kumar IX

## List of ministers in union government

[edit]

No.  | Portrait  | Portfolio  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term in office  | Constituency
(House) | Prime Minister

|
|
|
|
|
|

Assumed office  | Left office  | Time in office
1  |  | Minister of Defence | George Fernandes
(1930–2019) | 15 October 2001  | 22 May 2004  | 2 years, 220 days | Nalanda
(Lok Sabha) | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
2  |  | Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution | Sharad Yadav
(1947–2023) | 1 July 2002  | 22 May 2004  | 1 year, 326 days | Madhepura
(Lok Sabha) |
3  |  | Minister of Railways | Nitish Kumar
(born 1951) | 20 March 2001  | 22 May 2004  | 3 years, 63 days | Barh
(Lok Sabha) |
4  |  | Minister of External Affairs
(MoS) | Digvijay Singh
(1955–2010) | 1 July 2002  | 22 May 2004  | 1 year, 326 days | Banka
(Lok Sabha) |
5  |  | Minister of Steel | Ramchandra Prasad Singh
(born 1958) | 7 July 2021  | 6 July 2022  | 364 days | Bihar
(Rajya Sabha) | Narendra Modi |
6  |  | Minister of Panchayati Raj | Lalan Singh
(born 1955) | 10 June 2024  | Incumbent  | 178 days | Munger
(Lok Sabha) |
Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying |
7  |  | Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
(MoS) | Ram Nath Thakur
(born 1950) | Bihar
(Rajya Sabha) |

### List of Lok Sabha members

[edit]

No.  | Name  | Constituency

|
|

1  | Lalan Singh | Munger
2  | Giridhari Yadav | Banka
3  | Ajay Kumar Mandal | Bhagalpur
4  | Sunil Kumar | Valmiki Nagar
5  | Lovely Anand | Sheohar
6  | Devesh Chandra Thakur | Sitamarhi
7  | Dileshwar Kamait | Supaul
8  | Vijay Lakshmi Kushwaha | Siwan
9  | Alok Kumar Suman | Gopalganj
10  | Kaushalendra Kumar | Nalanda
11  | Dinesh Chandra Yadav | Madhepura
12  | Ramprit Mandal | Jhanjharpur

### List of Rajya Sabha members

[edit]

No.  | Name  | Date of appointment  | Date of retirement

|
|
|

1  | Ram Nath Thakur | 10 Apr 2020  | 10 Apr 2026
2  | Sanjay Kumar Jha | 3 Apr 2024  | 4 Apr 2030
3  | Harivansh Narayan Singh | 10 Apr 2020  | 10 Apr 2026
4  | Khiru Mahto | 8 July 2022  | 7 July 2028

## National presidents

[edit]

No.  | Portrait  | Name
(Birth–Death) | Term in office

|
|
|

Assumed office  | Left office  | Time in office
1  |  | Sharad Yadav
(1947–2023) | 30 October 2003  | 10 April 2016  | 12 years, 163 days
2  |  | Nitish Kumar
(born 1951) | 10 April 2016  | 27 December 2020  | 4 years, 261 days
3  |  | Ramchandra Prasad Singh
(born 1958) | 27 December 2020  | 6 July 2022  | 1 year, 191 days
4  |  | Lalan Singh
(born 1955) | 31 July 2021  | 29 December 2023  | 2 years, 151 days
(2)  |  | Nitish Kumar
(born 1951) | 29 December 2023  | Incumbent | 342 days

## See also

[edit]

* Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
* List of political parties in India

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Singh, M. P. “INDIA’S NATIONAL FRONT AND UNITED FRONT COALITION GOVERNMENTS: A Phase in Federalized Governance.” Asian Survey, vol. 41, no. 2, 2001, pp. 328–50. JSTOR, doi:10.1525/as.2001.41.2.328. Accessed 5 June 2024.
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18. ^ "JD(U) severs ties with BJP on Modi issue". The Hindu. 16 June 2013. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014.
19. ^ "Lalu Yadav's Party to Support Nitish Kumar's JD (U) In Bihar Floor Test". NDTV. 22 May 2015. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
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21. ^ "'Janata Parivar' formalised, Mulayam Singh named chief of new party". Zee News. 15 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017.
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24. ^ "Congress, JD(U) to share Rajya Sabha seats; Antony may be renominated". The Hindu. 26 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018.
25. ^ Scroll Staff (27 July 2017). "'Will fight fascist forces': Kerala JD(U) splits from party after Nitish Kumar allies with the BJP". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
26. ^ "Bihar Assembly trust vote LIVE updates: CM Nitish Kumar wins floor test with 131 votes". The Indian Express. 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
27. ^ "Nitish Kumar leaves BJP; stakes claim with RJD". MSN. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
28. ^ "In RLSP merger, a Nitish message to BJP as he rebuilds 'Luv-Kush' alliance with Kushwaha". ThePrint. 14 March 2021. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
29. ^ "Former MLA Umesh Kushwaha appointed Bihar JD(U) president". The Indian Express. 11 January 2021. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
30. ^ "Upendra Kushwaha Resigns From Bihar CM Nitish's JDU, Floats Own Party 'Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal'". Abpnews. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
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32. ^ "JDU flex muscle with 12 seats in Bihar". The Hindu Business line. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
33. ^ "Nitish Kumar emerged as surprise star in 2024". India Today. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
34. ^ "Dileshwar Kamait and Sabha Jha appointed as JDU floor leaders". India Tv. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
35. ^ "Modi govt 3.0: Deft caste balancing in JD(U) choice of ministers Lalan Singh, Ramnath Thakur". Indian express. 9 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
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39. ^ "Nitish Kumar is new JD(U) chief". The Hindu. 10 April 2016.
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42. ^ "पूर्व मंत्री रामसेवक सिंह होंगे JDU के नए प्रदेश अध्यक्ष, लव-कुश की जोड़ी पर नीतीश ने जताया भरोसा". ABP News. 9 January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
43. ^ "K C Tyagi, JD(U)'s well-known face, does not find place in new national team of Nitish Kumar's party". Times of India. 21 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
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45. ^ "Nitish confidante Vijay Chaudhary is new Bihar Speaker". 2 December 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017.
46. ^ "Unopposed, Bashishtha Narayan Singh Re-Elected JD(U) Bihar Unit President". Archived from the original on 6 April 2017.
47. ^ "Shri Ram Nath Thakur| National Portal of India". india.gov.in. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

Members|

| National parties|

* Aam Aadmi Party
* Communist Party of India (Marxist)
* Indian National Congress

|

State parties|

* All India Trinamool Congress
* Bharat Adivasi Party
* Communist Party of India
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
* Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Indian Union Muslim League
* Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
* Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
* Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
* Kerala Congress (Joseph)
* Kerala Congress (M)
* Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)
* Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
* Rashtriya Janata Dal
* Revolutionary Socialist Party
* Peasants and Workers Party of India
* Samajwadi Party
* Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
* Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

Unrecognised parties|

* All India Forward Bloc
* Anchalik Gana Morcha
* Assam Jatiya Parishad
* Goa Forward Party
* Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
* Makkal Needhi Maiam
* Manithaneya Makkal Katchi
* Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Raijor Dal
* Vikassheel Insaan Party

Leaders|

* Mallikarjun Kharge
* Sonia Gandhi
* Rahul Gandhi
* Akhilesh Yadav
* Lalu Prasad Yadav
* Sharad Pawar
* Arvind Kejriwal
* Mamata Banerjee
* Uddhav Thackeray
* Hemant Soren
* M. K. Stalin
* Vaiko
* Hanuman Beniwal
* Dipankar Bhattacharya
* K. M. Kader Mohideen
* Farooq Abdullah
* Mehbooba Mufti
* Rajkumar Roat
* P. J. Joseph
* Doraisamy Raja
* Jose K. Mani
* Jayant Prabhakar Patil
* G. Devarajan
* Manoj Bhattacharya
* Sitaram Yechury
* Akhil Gogoi
* Thol. Thirumavalavan
* Krishna Patel
* E. R. Eswaran
* Vijai Sardesai
* Lurinjyoti Gogoi
* M. H. Jawahirullah
* Ajit Kumar Bhuyan
* Mukesh Sahni
* Kamal Haasan

Member fronts|

* Maha Vikas Aghadi
* Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)
* Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)
* Secular Progressive Alliance
* United Democratic Front

Candidates by election|

2024

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in India

National parties|

* Aam Aadmi Party
* Bahujan Samaj Party
* Bharatiya Janata Party
* Communist Party of India (Marxist)
* Indian National Congress
* National People's Party

State parties|

* AJSU Party
* All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* All India Forward Bloc
* All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
* All India N.R. Congress
* All India Trinamool Congress
* All India United Democratic Front
* Apna Dal (Soneylal)
* Asom Gana Parishad
* Bharat Rashtra Samithi
* Biju Janata Dal
* Bodoland People's Front
* Communist Party of India
* Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
* Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
* Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Goa Forward Party
* Hill State People's Democratic Party
* Indian National Lok Dal
* Indian Union Muslim League
* Indigenous People's Front of Tripura
* Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
* Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
* Janasena Party
* Janata Dal (Secular)
* Janata Dal (United)
* Jannayak Janta Party
* Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)
* Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
* Kerala Congress (M)
* Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
* Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
* Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
* Mizo National Front
* Naam Tamilar Katchi
* Naga People's Front
* Nationalist Congress Party
* Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar
* Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
* People's Party of Arunachal
* People's Democratic Front
* Rashtriya Janata Dal
* Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
* Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
* Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
* Revolutionary Goans Party
* Revolutionary Socialist Party
* Samajwadi Party
* Shiromani Akali Dal
* Shiv Sena
* Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
* Sikkim Democratic Front
* Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
* Telugu Desam Party
* Tipra Motha Party
* United Democratic Party
* United People's Party, Liberal
* Voice of the People Party
* Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
* Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party
* Zoram Nationalist Party
* Zoram People's Movement

Unrecognized
parties|

* Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi
* All India Rajakulathor Peravai
* Ambedkarite Party of India
* Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam
* Gana Suraksha Party
* Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
* Apna Dal
* Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
* Bahujan Mukti Party
* Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
* Bharatiya Tribal Party
* Communist Marxist Party
* Congress (Secular)
* Democratic Azad Party
* Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
* Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi
* Goa Vikas Party
* Gondwana Ganatantra Party
* Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
* Hamro Sikkim Party
* Hindustan Janta Party
* Hindustani Awam Morcha
* Ikkjutt Jammu
* Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
* Indian National League
* Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
* Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
* Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party
* Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
* Jannayak Janta Party
* Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
* Jebamani Janata
* Jharkhand Party
* Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party
* Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement
* Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)
* Kerala Congress (Jacob)
* Kerala Congress (Thomas)
* Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
* Lok Insaaf Party
* Loktantrik Janata Dal
* Mahan Dal
* Makkal Needhi Maiam
* Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
* Marxist Co-ordination Committee
* National Secular Conference
* NISHAD Party
* Pattali Makkal Katchi
* Puratchi Bharatham Katchi
* Puthiya Needhi Katchi
* Puthiya Tamilagam
* Raijor Dal
* Rashtriya Lok Morcha
* Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
* Republican Party of India (Athawale)
* Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
* Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
* Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
* Shiv Sangram
* Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
* Sikkim National People's Party
* Social Democratic Party of India
* Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
* Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
* Swabhimani Paksha
* Swatantra Bharat Paksh
* Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)
* Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
* Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
* Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi
* Telangana Jana Samithi
* Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance
* United Goans Democratic Party
* Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
* Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
* Vikassheel Insaan Party
* Welfare Party of India

* v
* t
* e

Janata Parivar parties

Parties in INDIA|

* Samajwadi Party
* Rashtriya Janata Dal
* Rashtriya Lok Dal

Parties in NDA|

* Janata Dal (United)
* Hindustani Awam Morcha
* Janata Dal (Secular)
* Jannayak Janta Party
* Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
* Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal
* Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
* Socialist Janata Dal

Others|

* Bharatiya Lok Dal
* Biju Janata Dal
* Indian National Lok Dal
* Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
* Lokdal
* Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)
* Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
* Samras Samaj Party

Defunct Parties|

* Bihar People's Party
* Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
* Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)
* Loktantrik Janata Dal
* Janata Party * Janata Dal
* Janata Dal (Ajit)
* Janata Dal (Gujarat)
* Janata Dal (Left)
* Janata Party (Secular)
* Jan Morcha
* Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
* Lok Shakti
* Samata Party
* Socialist Janata (Democratic)

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