January 6 commission

Failed legislation proposed during the 117th U.S. Congress

This article is about the failed proposal. For the House committee, see United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack.

National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act

Long title| An Act to establish the National Commission to Investigate the January 6 riot on the United States Capitol Complex, and for other purposes
Enacted by| the 117th United States Congress
Number of co-sponsors| 1
Legislative history

* Introduced in the House of Representatives as H.R. 3233 by Bennie Thompson (D–MS) on May 14, 2021
* Committee consideration by House Homeland Security Committee, later referred to the House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Intelligence and Counterterrorism
* Passed the House of Representatives on May 19, 2021 (252–175)

January 6 United
States Capitol attack

Timeline • Planning
Background

2020 presidential election
and other causes

* Previous claims of election fraud by President Trump
* in 2012
* in 2016
* Republican reactions
* Michigan State Capitol storming
* 2020–21 presidential election protests
* 2021 Electoral College vote count
* Attempts to overturn the presidential election
* Trump fake electors plot
* Chesebro memos
* Eastman memos
* Jeffrey Clark letter
* Democratic backsliding in the US
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Trumpism
* QAnon
* Donald Trump and fascism

Related groups and persons

* Ali Alexander
* Ray Epps
* Nick Fuentes
* Rudy Giuliani
* Jericho March
* Alex Jones
* Sedition Caucus
* Enrique Tarrio
* Donald Trump
* Donald Trump Jr.

Participants

Notable people

* Ashli Babbitt
* Joe Biggs
* Richard Barnett
* Jacob "QAnon Shaman" Chansley
* Derrick Evans
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Simone Gold
* Klete Keller
* Ethan Nordean
* Rick Saccone
* Jon Schaffer
* John Earle Sullivan

Organizations

* Boogaloo movement
* Groypers
* Oath Keepers
* Proud Boys
* Three Percenters

Law enforcement response

* Capitol Police
* Harry Dunn
* Aquilino Gonell
* Eugene Goodman
* Brian Sicknick
* Howard Liebengood
* Steven Sund
* Department of Defense
* Michael C. Stenger
* Paul D. Irving
* Christopher C. Miller
* Ryan D. McCarthy
* Walter E. Piatt
* Charles A. Flynn
* Daniel Hokanson
* William J. Walker
* D.C. National Guard
* DC
* Muriel Bowser
* Robert Contee
* Michael Fanone
* Daniel Hodges
* Jeffrey L. Smith
* Virginia
* Ralph Northam

Aftermath

Biden inauguration

* 2021 inauguration week protests
* Security preparations

Investigations and charges

* Justice Department investigation
* Criminal proceedings
* list
* Fischer v. United States
* January 6 commission
* House Select Committee
* public hearings
* Smith special counsel investigation
* federal prosecution of Donald Trump
* Trump's pardon of defendants

Corporate actions

* List of companies that halted political contributions
* Social media suspensions of Donald Trump
* permanent suspension
* Suspensions of other social media accounts
* shutdown of Parler
* Facebook

Reactions

* Domestic
* Antifa culpability conspiracy theory
* International

Impeachment and 2024 presidential election

* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump
* Trump v. Anderson

* v
* t
* e

The National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex, known colloquially as the January 6 commission, was an unsuccessful proposal to create a commission that would have investigated the January 6 United States Capitol attack. On February 15, 2021, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi announced that she planned to create a "9/11-type commission".[1][2] The details were initially negotiated by Republican John Katko, and would have consisted of an equal number of Democrats and Republicans.[3] A bill forming the commission passed the House of Representatives on May 19,[4] with all Democrats and 35 Republicans voting in support of it. However, it was blocked by Senate Republicans on May 28, with 54 Senators voting in favor and 35 voting against, failing to clear the 60 votes needed to break a filibuster.[5]

After the bill establishing the commission failed, the House of Representatives created the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack.

## Background

[edit]

### January 6 attack on the United States Capitol

[edit]

Further information: January 6 United States Capitol attack

On January 6, 2021, an armed[6] mob of supporters of Donald Trump stormed the United States Capitol in Washington D.C., in an attempt to keep Trump in power even though he lost the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden. At the time of the attack, the US Congress was counting the votes of the electoral college, the last step to formalize Biden's victory as the 46th president of the United States. Five people died either shortly before, during, or following the event: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes.[7][8] Many people were injured, including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months.[9] As of July 7, 2022[update], monetary damages to the government and police forces caused by the attackers exceeded $2,700,000.[10]

### Second impeachment of Donald Trump

[edit]

See also: Second impeachment of Donald Trump and Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump

A few days after the January 6 attack on the Capitol, the US House of Representatives filed one article of impeachment against Donald Trump, "incitement of insurrection". At the Senate impeachment trial on February 13, Trump was acquitted, the required two-thirds majority not being met.

### Calls for formation

[edit]

Further information: Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack

House Republican letter to Pelosi on the Capitol's security on January 6

Senator Lindsey Graham said that "[they] need a 9/11 commission to find out what happened and make sure it never happens again, and [he] want[s] to make sure that the Capitol footprint can be better defended next time." Senator Chris Coons agreed with this statement.[11]

On February 15, 2021, Nancy Pelosi announced, in a letter to Democrats in the House of Representatives, she planned to create a "9/11-type commission" to investigate the January 6 attack on the US Capitol.[1][2] It would have contained no members of Congress and been an "outside commission"[1] In the letter, she said that

> ... [their] next step will be to establish an outside, independent 9/11-type commission to investigate and report on the facts and causes relating to the January 6, 2021, domestic terrorist attack upon the United States Capitol Complex ... and relating to the interference with the peaceful transfer of power, including facts and causes relating to the preparedness and response of the United States Capitol Police and other Federal, State, and local law enforcement in the National Capitol Region.[1][12]

## Format

[edit]

### Priorities

[edit]

The priorities would have been to "investigate and report on the facts and causes relating to the January 6, 2021 domestic terrorist attack upon the United States Capitol Complex… and relating to the interference with the peaceful transfer of power, including facts and causes relating to the preparedness and response of the United States Capitol Police and other Federal, State, and local law enforcement in the National Capitol Region."[13]

### Composition

[edit]

Under the provisions of the bill, the commission would have been composed of ten members, outside of the federal government, appointed by congressional leaders. The four party leaders in Congress (Nancy Pelosi, Kevin McCarthy, Chuck Schumer, Mitch McConnell) would have each appointed two members, with Democratic leaders jointly appointing the chair and the Republican leaders jointly appointing the vice-chair. This would have allowed Democrats and Republicans to appoint equal number of members.[14]

The commissioners would have been tasked with filing a report by the end of 2021, and ending 60 days after that.[14]

## House passage

[edit]

The chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, Bennie Thompson, and its Republican ranking member, John Katko, announced on May 14 that they had reached an agreement on the creation of the panel. Under the deal, the Commission would have been modeled after the 9/11 Commission; ten members, half chosen by Democrats (including the chair) and half chosen by Republicans (including the vice chair). Subpoenas could be issued upon approval of both the chair and vice-chair, and the Commission would have produced a final report by the end of the year.[15] Despite the deal, the leader of the House Republicans, Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, opposed the bipartisan commission,[16][17] coming out against its formation after the right-wing House Freedom Caucus and Trump opposed it.[18]

The House voted on a bill forming the commission, and it passed the House of Representatives on May 19.[4] Every Democrat, and 35 Republicans, supported it; other Republicans opposed.[18]

## Defeated in the Senate

[edit]

This legislation was ultimately blocked by Senate Republicans on May 28, with a vote of 54–35,[19] short of the 60 needed to clear the filibuster. Eleven senators were absent for the vote, composed of two Democrats and nine Republicans.[20] All present Democrats voted for the commission, along with Republicans Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), Rob Portman (R-OH), Mitt Romney (R-UT), Bill Cassidy (R-LA), Susan Collins (R-ME) and Ben Sasse (R-NE). All votes against were made by the other Republicans.[21]

## Congressional viewpoints

[edit]

### Support in Congress

[edit]

Senator Chuck Schumer promised that the House bill would receive a vote in the Senate, criticizing the minority leaders for bucking bipartisan negotiations.[22]

Just a week after the Capitol attack, House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy had advocated for congressional action to form a commission, stating that "a fact-finding commission ... would be prudent." In subsequent negotiations the Democrats’ proposal included three of the conditions McCarthy had requested.[23] Members of the Problem Solvers Caucus expressed support for the commission.[24] Republicans who voted to impeach Trump also expressed their support, such as Liz Cheney, Anthony Gonzalez, and Adam Kinzinger.[25]

### Opposition in Congress

[edit]

On May 19, 2021, House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy retracted his earlier support, accusing Pelosi of negotiating in bad faith, and stated that the scope of the legislation needed to examine other instances of political violence. McCarthy thus opposed the agreement that the House Homeland Security chairman Bennie Thompson made with the vice chairman John Katko, and which the House approved on the same day as McCarthy announced opposition.[26]

Other Republicans also gave various reasons for opposing the commission, including:

* Congressional committees could handle the job, together with prosecutions by the Department of Justice;[27]
* The scope of the proposed commission excluded other recent instances of political violence including by left-wing groups;[26]
* The chairperson who would be appointed by Democrats would have had final authority to choose all of the commission’s staff;[28]
* It was allegedly designed as a “purely political exercise” that would not discover new facts or promote healing but would “drag on” to distract from the GOP message in the 2022 midterm elections;[27]

On May 12 during a House Oversight Committee hearing, Arizona Representative Paul Gosar and Georgia Representative Jody Hice had asserted those who attacked the Capitol were "peaceful patriots". Gosar said one individual killed during the event, Trump supporter Ashli Babbitt, was "executed". Hice said it was "Trump supporters who lost their lives that day, not Trump supporters who were taking the lives of others."[29][30] At the same hearing, Georgia representative Andrew Clyde downplayed the events saying "there was an undisciplined mob" but "to call it an insurrection in my opinion is a bold-faced lie." Because footage "showed people in an orderly fashion in between the stanchions and ropes taking pictures," Clyde said, "If you didn't know the footage was from January 6, you would actually think it was a normal tourist visit."[31]

Wisconsin Senator Ron Johnson met with Gladys Sicknick and Sandra Garza, mother and longtime girlfriend, respectively, of deceased Capitol officer Brian Sicknick, prior to his vote. Johnson had previously voiced opposition to the bill, and said he "respectfully disagree[d]" with the two following the meeting.[32]

## Subsequent events

[edit]

Main article: United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

On June 8, 2021, the Senate released the results of its investigation of the riot.[33][34] On June 24, Pelosi announced that the House would investigate these matters, and the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack was formed on July 1, 2021.

## See also

[edit]

* Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States
* United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack
* Public hearings of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Foran, Clare; Nobles, Ryan; Grayer, Annie (February 15, 2021). "Pelosi announces plans for '9/11-type commission' to investigate Capitol attack". CNN. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
2. ^ a b Walters, Joanna (February 15, 2021). "Pelosi announces plans for 9/11-style commission to examine Capitol riot". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
3. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (May 14, 2021). "Democrats Move Closer to Setting Up Jan. 6 Commission, With or Without G.O.P." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
4. ^ a b Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Hayes, Mike; Rocha, Veronica (May 19, 2021). "The House just voted to approve a bill to create a Jan. 6 commission. Here are key things to know". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
5. ^ Segers, Grace (May 28, 2021). "Senate Republicans block commission on January 6 insurrection". CBS News. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
6. ^ "Evidence of firearms in Jan. 6 crowd grows as arrests and trials mount". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
7. ^ Massimo, Nick (April 19, 2021). "Medical examiner: Capitol Police officer Sicknick died of stroke; death ruled 'natural'". WTOP. Associated Press. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
8. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (January 9, 2021). "Capitol attack: the five people who died". The Guardian.
9. ^ Wolfe, Jan (August 2, 2021). "Four officers who responded to U.S. Capitol attack have died by suicide". Reuters. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
10. ^ "18 Months Since the Jan. 6 Attack on the Capitol". www.justice.gov. February 15, 2022. Archived from the original on July 9, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
11. ^ Singh, Maanvi (February 15, 2021). "US lawmakers call for 9/11-style commission to investigate Capitol riot". The Guardian. London. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
12. ^ Timm, Jane C. (February 15, 2021). "Pelosi calls for '9/11-type' commission on Capitol attack". NBC News. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
13. ^ Speaker Nancy Pelosi (February 15, 2021). "Dear Colleague: Security, Security, Security". speaker.gov (Press Release). Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
14. ^ a b Nobles, Ryan (February 22, 2021). "Democrats draft plan for commission to investigate January 6 insurrection". CNN. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
15. ^ Herb, Jeremy; Nobles, Ryan; Grayer, Annie. "House strikes deal to create independent January 6 commission". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
16. ^ Rebecca Shabad, Sahil Kapur and Garrett Haake, McCarthy opposes bipartisan commission to investigate Jan. 6 Capitol attack, NBC News (May 18, 2021).
17. ^ “McCarthy Statement on January 6 Commission Legislation” Archived June 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine (May 18, 2021).
18. ^ a b Melanie Zanona, Nicholas Wu & Olivia Beavers, GOP defections over Jan. 6 commission deliver rebuke to McCarthy, Politico (May 19, 2021).
19. ^ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 1st Session".
20. ^ Rimmer, Morgan; Janfaza, Rachel (May 28, 2021). "These 11 Senators didn't vote on the January 6 commission". CNN. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
21. ^ "The 6 Senate Republicans who voted for the January 6 commission". WPSD Local 6. CNN. May 28, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
22. ^ Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Hayes, Mike; Rocha, Veronica (May 19, 2021). "Schumer promises Senate will vote on Jan. 6 commission". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
23. ^ Harwood, John (May 23, 2021). "Analysis: Dismissed in 2012, this diagnosis of GOP ills has now become undeniable". CNN. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
24. ^ Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Hayes, Mike; Rocha, Veronica (May 19, 2021). "20 or more House Republicans expected to vote for the commission, sources say". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
25. ^ Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Hayes, Mike; Rocha, Veronica (May 19, 2021). "Republicans who voted to impeach Trump have expressed support for Jan. 6 commission". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
26. ^ a b Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Hayes, Mike; Rocha, Veronica (May 19, 2021). "McCarthy said he won't support the Jan. 6 commission, siding with Republicans downplaying the insurrection". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
27. ^ a b Elving, Ron. “Why A '9/11 Commission' Is Popular But May Not Happen For The Jan. 6 Capitol Attack”, NPR (May 26, 2021).
28. ^ Jacobson, Louis and Sherman, Amy. ”What is the scope of the proposed Jan. 6 commission? And is there a Plan B?”, PolitiFact (May 21, 2021).
29. ^ Solender, Andrew (May 12, 2021). "GOP Rep. Gosar Says Ashli Babbitt Was 'Executed,' Defends Capitol Attackers". Forbes. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
30. ^ Giella, Lauren (May 12, 2021). "Paul Gosar Describes Ashli Babbitt's Death as 'An Execution' During Congressional Hearing". Newsweek. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
31. ^ Segers, Grace (May 12, 2021). "'Normal tourist visit': Some Republicans downplay January 6 riot amid Democratic objections". CBS News. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
32. ^ Williams, Jordan (May 27, 2021). "Johnson 'respectfully disagrees' with Sicknick family after meeting". The Hill. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
33. ^ Jalonick, Mary Clare, Senate report details sweeping failures around Jan. 6 attack, Associated Press, June 8, 2021
34. ^ Grisales, Claudia, 'Bring Your Guns': Probe Uncovers More Alarming Intelligence Before The Capitol Riot, NPR, June 8, 2021

* v
* t
* e

January 6 United States Capitol attack

Background|

| U.S. Capitol|

* United States Capitol Police
* Harry Dunn
* Aquilino Gonell
* Eugene Goodman
* Yogananda Pittman
* Steven Sund
* Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia
* Robert Contee
* Michael Fanone
* Daniel Hodges
* Timeline of prior security incidents

|

Election|

* Previous claims of election fraud by President Trump
* in 2012
* in 2016
* Republican reactions
* 2020–21 presidential election protests
* 2021 Electoral College vote count
* Predictions of violence
* 1776 Returns
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
* Fake electors plot
* Chesebro memos
* Eastman memos
* Lawsuits
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Jeffrey Clark letter

Other|

* Democratic backsliding in the United States
* Michigan State Capitol storming
* Trumpism
* False or misleading statements by Donald Trump
* Conspiracy theories
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Twitter
* QAnon
* Donald Trump and fascism
* Trump derangement syndrome

Involved|

* Christina Bobb
* Kenneth Chesebro
* Jeffrey Clark
* Joseph diGenova
* John Eastman
* Jenna Ellis
* Rudy Giuliani
* John McEntee
* Mark Meadows
* Cleta Mitchell
* Peter Navarro
* Sidney Powell
* Victoria Toensing
* Jim Troupis
* Donald Trump

Events|

* Planning
* Timeline of attack
* Law enforcement response
* killing of Ashli Babbitt
* Death of Brian Sicknick

Participants|

| Proud Boys|

* Enrique Tarrio
* Joe Biggs
* Ethan Nordean
* Dominic Pezzola

|

Oath Keepers|

* Stewart Rhodes
* Kelly Meggs
* Jeremy Bertino
* Ray Epps
* Roberto Minuta
* Jessica Marie Watkins

Others|

* Richard Barnett
* Jacob Chansley
* Cameron Clapp
* Derrick Evans
* Nick Fuentes
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Simone Gold
* Couy Griffin
* Pamela Hemphill
* Alan Hostetter
* Adam Christian Johnson
* Jay Johnston
* Klete Keller
* Carol Kicinski
* Kevin James Lyons
* Doug Mastriano
* Evan Neumann
* Nicholas Ochs
* Matthew Perna
* Rachel Powell
* Chaya "Libs of TikTok" Raichik
* Guy Reffitt
* Jason Riddle
* Dana Rohrabacher
* Rick Saccone
* Ryan Samsel
* Ronald Sandlin
* Jon Schaffer
* Kevin Seefried
* Owen Shroyer
* Peter Francis Stager
* Brandon Straka
* John Earle Sullivan‎‎
* Christopher John Worrell

Aftermath|

* 2021 U.S. inauguration week protests
* Companies that halted political contributions
* Reactions
* domestic
* international
* Second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* Suicides
* Howard Liebengood
* Jeffrey L. Smith
* Proceedings
* Justice Department investigation
* January 6 commission
* House Select Committee
* criminal proceedings
* list
* Fischer v. United States
* public hearings
* Thompson v. Trump
* Smith special counsel investigation
* Federal prosecution of Donald Trump
* Trump v. United States
* Justice for J6 rally
* 2021 Facebook company files leak
* Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump
* Trump v. Anderson
* Pardons

Related|

* Alex Jones
* Ali Alexander
* Kathy Barnette
* Boogaloo movement
* Jericho March
* Groypers
* Sedition Caucus
* Social media use by Donald Trump
* Three Percenters
* Trumpism
* Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol (2021)
* Four Hours at the Capitol (2021)
* This Place Rules (2022)
* "Justice for All" (2023)
* A Storm Foretold (2023)
* The Sixth (2024)
* Democratic backsliding in the United States
* Cincinnati FBI field office attack

* v
* t
* e

(← 2016) 2020 United States presidential election (2024 →)

Joe Biden, Kamala Harris (D), 306 electoral votes; Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 232 electoral votes

* 2020 United States elections
* Polls
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* Predictions
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▌IPO · ▌WFP|

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* Nominee: Joe Biden
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* VP nominee: Kamala Harris
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Withdrew during primaries
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▌CPNYS · ▌RTLP|

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Candidates|

Incumbent nominee
Donald Trump

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political
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Incumbent VP nominee: Mike Pence

Withdrew during primaries
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campaign
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Withdrew before primaries
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Libertarian Party|

* Primaries
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Candidates|

Nominee
Jo Jorgensen

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VP nominee: Spike Cohen

Eliminated in balloting
Jim Gray
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John Monds
Vermin Supreme

campaign

Withdrew before or during primaries
Max Abramson
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Formed exploratory committee but did not run
Justin Amash

Green Party
▌LMN · ▌SA · ▌SPUSA|

* Primaries
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Candidates|

* Nominee: Howie Hawkins
* campaign
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* VP nominee: Angela Walker

Withdrew during primaries
Dario Hunter

Other candidates
Jesse Ventura

Constitution Party|

* Primaries
* Nominee: Don Blankenship

Other third-party candidates

Alliance Party
▌AIP · ▌Reform|

* Nominee: Rocky De La Fuente
* VP nominee: Darcy Richardson
* AIP VP nominee: Kanye West

Other candidates
Max Abramson
Phil Collins

American Solidarity Party|

* Nominee: Brian T. Carroll

Other candidates
Joe Schriner

Birthday Party|

* Nominee: Kanye West
* campaign
* positions

Bread and Roses|

* Nominee: Jerome Segal

Party for Socialism & Liberation
▌LUP · ▌PFP|

* Nominee: Gloria La Riva
* VP nominee: Leonard Peltier (withdrew)

* Other candidates: Howie Hawkins

Progressive Party|

* Nominee: Dario Hunter

Prohibition Party|

* Nominee: Phil Collins

Socialist Action|

* Nominee: Jeff Mackler

Socialist Equality Party|

* Nominee: Joseph Kishore

Socialist Workers Party|

* Nominee: Alyson Kennedy

Independent candidates|

Declared
Pete Accetturo
Mark Charles
Brock Pierce (▌IPNY nominee)
Jade Simmons
Joe Schriner

Withdrew
Perry Caravello
Jeremy Gable

Disputes

Attempts to overturn|

* Protests
* during inauguration week
* U.S. Capitol attack
* timeline
* aftermath
* second impeachment of Donald Trump
* trial
* January 6 commission
* reactions
* domestic
* international
* Trump fake electors plot
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Trump–Raffensperger phone call
* Eastman memos

Lawsuits|

* Filed before Election Day
* Filed during or after Election Day
* Arizona
* Georgia
* Michigan
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* Wisconsin
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference

Controversies|

* Russian interference
* Voting restrictions

Portals:

* Modern history
* Politics
* Society
* United States

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