Japan Academy

Japanese national academy of science

Japan Academy日本学士院
Nihon Gakushiin

Japan Imperial Academy, presently "Japan Academy"
Science academy overview
Formed| 1879; 146 years ago (1879)
Preceding agencies|

* Tokyo Academy
* Imperial Academy

Jurisdiction| Government of Japan
Headquarters| Taito, Tokyo, Japan
35°42′58.000″N 139°46′37.999″E﻿ / ﻿35.71611111°N 139.77722194°E﻿ / 35.71611111; 139.77722194
Employees| 150
Annual budget| ¥631,133,000 (2021)
Science academy executive|

* Hiroo IMURA, President

Parent department| Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Website| www.japan-acad.go.jp/en/index.html
Map

The Japan Academy (Japanese: 日本学士院, Nihon Gakushiin) is an honorary organisation and science academy founded in 1879 to bring together leading Japanese scholars with distinguished records of scientific achievements. The Academy is currently an extraordinary organ of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology with its headquarters located in Taito, Tokyo, Japan. Election to the Academy is considered the highest distinction a scholar can achieve, and members enjoy life tenure and an annual monetary stipend.

## History

[edit]

Nishi Amane, head of the Tokyo Academy in 1879

In 1873, Meiroku-sha (Meiroku Society) was founded. The main people of Meiroku-sha involved in Meiroku-sha were from Kaiseijo (later transformed into University of Tokyo) and Keio Gijuku.

In an effort to replicate the institutional landscape found in many Western nations, the leaders of the Meiji government sought to create a national academy of scholars and scientists modelled to the British Royal Society.

In 1879, Nishi Amane was made the head of what was then called the Tokyo Academy.

In 1906 it was renamed the Imperial Academy, and in 1947 it was renamed the Japan Academy.

## Prizes awarded

[edit]

The Imperial Prize and Japan Academy Prize are awarded to persons who have achieved notable research landmarks or who have authored outstanding academic papers or books. One of the Academy's most important functions involves conferring these prizes, which have been awarded annually since 1911. Since 1949, these prize award ceremonies have been graced by the presence of HIM the Emperor of Japan; and since 1990, both the Emperor and Empress have attended.[1]

Japan Academy Prize
From 1911 until 1947, the academy annually conferred the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy (Gakushiin Onshi Shō). Amongst past winners are Hideyo Noguchi (1915)[2] and Tasuku Honjo (1996).[3] After 1947, the name of the award was changed to Japan Academy Prize (Gakushiin Shō).[1]

Duke of Edinburgh Prize
In 1987, HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh suggested that the Academy take responsibility for conferring the biennial Duke of Edinburgh Prize to a Japanese scientist with outstanding achievements in the area of wildlife protection and species preservation.[1] In addition to this specific award, some 75 prizes and medals are associated with The Duke of Edinburgh.[4]

Japan Academy Medal
Since 2004, the Academy has annually conferred the Japan Academy Medal.[1]

## Timeline

[edit]

The early-Meiji era Tokyo Academy was institutionally re-organized into an Imperial Academy in 1906; and this institution was renamed the Japan Academy in 1947:[5]

* 1879 The Tokyo Academy established; Tokyo Academy Magazine (Vol. 1, No. 1).[5]
* 1890 Tokyo Academy Statute promulgated.[5]
* 1895 Honorary Membership established.[5]
* 1906 Statute of the Imperial Academy promulgated; joined Internationale Assoziation der Akademien (IAA).[5]
* 1911 Imperial Prize and Imperial Academy Prize established; first award ceremony.[5]
* 1912 Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (Vol. 1, No. 1).[5]
* 1919 Imperial Academy joined Union Académique Internationale (UAI).[5]
* 1925 Statute of the Imperial Academy amended (increased membership).[5]
* 1942 Transactions of the Imperial Academy (Vol. 1, No. 1).[5]
* 1947 Imperial Academy renamed Japan Academy.[5]
* 1949 Japan Academy institutionally linked to Science Council of Japan.
* 1956 Law of the Japan Academy promulgated; Japan Academy de-linked from Science Council of Japan.[5]
* 1971 Exchange program with foreign academies started.[5]
* 1983 Visiting program of Honorary Members started.[5]
* 1984 First public lecture meeting was held.[5]
* 1987 Duke of Edinburgh Prize was adopted.[5]
* 2004 Japan Academy Medal established.[5]

## President

[edit]

Founder of Meiroku Society, Keio University, and the First President of Tokyo Academy

### President of the Tokyo Academy

[edit]

No.  | Name  | Start of Term  | End of Term  | University

|
|
|
|

1. | Fukuzawa Yukichi | 1879  | 1879  | Keio Gijuku
2. | Nishi Amane | 1879  | 1880  | Yōrōkan
3. | Katō Hiroyuki | 1880  | 1882  | University of Tokyo
4. | Nishi Amane  | 1882  | 1886  | Yōrōkan
5. | Katō Hiroyuki  | 1886  | 1895  | University of Tokyo
6. | Hosokawa Jyunzirō | 1895  | 1897  | Bunbukan
7. | Katō Hiroyuki  | 1897  | 1906  | University of Tokyo

### President of the Imperial Academy

[edit]

No.  | Name  | Start of Term  | End of Term  | University

|
|
|
|

8. | Katō Hiroyuki  | 1906  | 1909  | University of Tokyo
9. | Kikuchi Dairoku | 1909  | 1917  | University of Tokyo
10. | Hozumi Nobushige | 1917  | 1925  | University of Tokyo
11. | Okano Keizirō | 1925  | 1925  | University of Tokyo
12. | Sakurai Jyōzi | 1925  | 1939  | University of Tokyo
13. | Hantaro Nagaoka | 1939  | 1948  | University of Tokyo

### President of the Japan Academy

[edit]

No.  | Name  | Start of Term  | End of Term  | University

|
|
|
|

14. | Yamada Saburō | 1948  | 1961  | University of Tokyo
15. | Shibata Yuzi | 1961  | 1970  | University of Tokyo
16. | Nanbara Shigeru | 1970  | 1974  | University of Tokyo
17. | Kiyoo Wadati | 1974  | 1980  | University of Tokyo
18. | Arisawa Hiromi | 1980  | 1986  | University of Tokyo
19. | Kurokawa Toshio | 1986  | 1988  | Tohoku University
20. | Wakimura Yoshitarō | 1988  | 1994  | University of Tokyo
21. | Yoshio Fujita | 1994  | 2000  | University of Tokyo
22. | Ichiko Teizi | 2000  | 2001  | University of Tokyo
23. | Nagakura Saburō | 2001  | 2007  | University of Tokyo
24. | Kubo Masaaki | 2007  | 2013  | University of Tokyo
25. | Takashi Sugimura | 2013  | 2016  | University of Tokyo
26. | Hiroshi Shiono[6] | 2016  | Present  | University of Tokyo

## Counterparts in other countries

[edit]

* Royal Society of London
* British Academy
* Romanian Academy
* Hungarian Academy of Sciences
* Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
* Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
* Academy of Sciences, Institute of France
* Royal Society of Canada
* National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea
* Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Japan Academy: Activities Archived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ Kita, Atsushi. (2005). Dr. Noguchi's Journey: A Life of Medical Search and Discovery, p. 186.
3. ^ Tasuku Honjo: Curriculum vitae
4. ^ Dukes of the UK: Prizes Archived 2008-03-19 at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Japan Academy: History Archived 2008-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ "New President elected". Japan Academy. Retrieved 18 May 2017.

## References

[edit]

* Kita, Atsushi. (2005). Dr. Noguchi's Journey: A Life of Medical Search and Discovery (tr., Peter Durfee). Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 978-4-7700-2355-1 (cloth)

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

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