Javanese historical texts

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"Babad" redirects here. For the talmudist, see Yosef Babad. For the village in Iran, see Babad, Iran.

Javanese literature has a very large historical component. In all sorts of texts, such as laudatory poems, chronicles, and travelogues, writers have interpreted the how and why of certain circumstances.[1]

These texts are important for the knowledge of Javanese perspectives on the past. Scholars of Javanese history have paid much attention to theoretical questions, aiming at a balanced evaluation of Javanese historiography next to Western historiography. In doing so they focused on Old and Modern Javanese sources, drawing both on written sources and archaeological and epigraphic material. The debate continues up to the present.

## Babads

[edit]

Babads as a genre belong to the traditional literature. A characteristic of this kind of literature is that it is written in metrical form and is governed by a set of strict conventions. In traditional Javanese society, prose (gancaran) was not considered to be belles letters but was considered to be merely sets of notes or aide-mémoires.

This approach reflected the way in which literature was presented: text was not usually read in silence but, rather, was recited or sung to an audience. Every metre had its own particular melody or melodies to which it was sung, in harmony with the contents of the story.

The word babad means 'a story about past events', 'text on the clearing of (the land...)', i.e. 'story about the origin of this or that settlement'.

The Babad Basuki relates the clearing of the jungle and founding of a new settlement in Besuki (East Java), while the Babad Dipanegara relates the events connected with the insurrection of Diponegoro.

## Kakawin and kidung

[edit]

Kakawin are long epic poems in a defined metre inherited from Sanskrit poetic forms. Kidung are epic poems in Javanese metres.

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Early Javanese books.

* Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
* Hans Ras
* Javanese poetry
* Nagarakretagama

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Kumar, A. L. (1984). "On Variation in Babads". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 140 (2/3): 223–247\. ISSN 0006-2294.223-247&rft.date=1984&rft.issn=0006-2294&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27863580&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Javanese+historical+texts" class="Z3988">

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Javanese language

Overviews|

* Language
* History
* Script

Development|

* Old Javanese
* Middle Javanese
* Modern Javanese

Scripts|

* Kawi
* Carakan
* Pegon
* Latin

Notable variant|

| Standardized|

* Kawi
* Modern Standard Javanese

|

Regional dialects|

* Arekan
* Malang
* Surabaya
* Bantenese
* Banyumasan
* Cirebon
* Mataraman
* Madiunan
* Semarangan
* Surakarta
* Yogyakarta
* New Caledonian
* Surinamese
* Osing
* Tenggerese

Related|

* Literature
* Names
* Numerals
* Javanese Language Congress
* Javanese historical texts
* Javanese poetry
* Krama Inggil

Letters of the Javanese script

Nglegena
consonants|

* Ha (ꦲ)
* Na (ꦤ)
* Ca (ꦕ)
* Ra (ꦫ)
* Ka (ꦏ)
* Da (ꦢ)
* Ta (ꦠ)
* Sa (ꦱ)
* Wa (ꦮ)
* La (ꦭ)
* Pa (ꦥ)
* Dha (ꦢ)
* Ja (ꦗ)
* Ya (ꦪ)
* Nya (ꦚ)
* Ma (ꦩ)
* Ga (ꦒ)
* Ba (ꦧ)
* Tha (ꦛ)
* Nga (ꦔ)

Murda
consonants|

* Ka murda (ꦑ)
* Ga murda (ꦓ)
* Na murda (ꦟ)
* Ta murda (ꦡ)
* Pa murda (ꦦ)
* Ba murda (ꦨ)
* Sa murda (ꦯ)
* Seldom used: Ca murda (ꦖ)
* Nya murda (ꦘ)

Extended
consonants|

* Often used: Pa cerek (ꦉ)
* Nga lelet (ꦊ)
* Seldom used: Nga lelet Raswadi (ꦋ)
* Ra agung (ꦬ)
* Ka sasak (ꦐ)
* Ja mahaprana (ꦙ)
* Tha mahaprana (ꦜ)
* Dha mahaprana (ꦞ)
* Da mahaprana (ꦣ)
* Sa mahaprana (ꦰ)

Final and Medial
Consonants|

* Cecak (ꦁ)
* Layar (ꦂ)
* Wignyan/visarga (ꦃ)
* Cakra (ꦿ)
* Cakra keret (ꦽ)
* Pengkal (ꦾ)
* Pangkon/virama (꧀)

Vowels|

* Wulu (ꦶ)
* Suku (ꦸ)
* Pepet (ꦼ)
* Taling (ꦺ)
* Tarung (ꦴ)
* Tolong (ꦵ)
* Dirga mure (ꦻ)
* Wulu melik (ꦷ)
* Suku mendut (ꦹ)
* Foreign: A (ꦄ)
* I (ꦆ)
* U (ꦈ)
* E (ꦌ)
* Ai (ꦍ)
* O (ꦎ)

Numbers|

* 0 (꧐)
* 1 (꧑)
* 2 (꧒)
* 3 (꧓)
* 4 (꧔)
* 5 (꧕)
* 6 (꧖)
* 7 (꧗)
* 8 (꧘)
* 9 (꧙)
* Pada pangkat (꧇)

Punctuations|

* Pada lingsa (꧈)
* Pada lungsi (꧉)
* Pada adeg (꧊)
* Pada adeg-adeg (꧋)
* Pada piseleh (꧌ and ꧍)
* Pada luhur (꧅)
* Pada madya (꧄)
* Pada andhap (꧃)
* Pada tirta tumetes (꧞)
* Pada isen-isen (꧟)
* Pada windu (꧆)
* Pangrangkep (ꧏ)
* Cecak telu (꦳)
* Panyangga (ꦀ)
* Rerenggan (꧁ and ꧂)

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