Jellied eels

English dish made from chopped eels

Jellied eels

A plate of jellied eels

Place of origin| England
Main ingredients| Eel, spiced stock

*   Media: Jellied eels

Traditional pie, mash, and eel shop, Walworth, South East London

Jellied eels is a traditional English dish that originated in the 18th century, primarily in the East End of London. The dish consists of chopped eels boiled in a spiced stock that is allowed to cool and set, forming a jelly. It is usually served cold.

## History

[edit]

M.Manze pie and mash shop in Peckham

Eels were historically a cheap, nutritious and readily available food source for the people of London; European eels were once so common in the Thames that nets were set as far upriver as London itself, and eels became a staple for London's poor. The earliest known eel, pie and mash houses opened in London in the 18th century, and the oldest surviving shop, M.Manze, has been open since 1902.[1] At the end of the Second World War, there were around 100 eel, pie and mash houses in London.[2] In 1995, there were 87.[3]

In the present day, there are relatively few eel, pie and mash shops, although jellied eels are sold in some of the capital's delicatessens and supermarkets. The water quality of the Thames, having improved greatly since the 1960s,[citation needed] has since become suitable once again for eels.[4] The Environment Agency supports a Thames fishery, allowing nets as far upriver as Tower Bridge.[5] However, the European eel is critically endangered.[6]

## Preparation

[edit]

A bowl of eels set in jelly

Jellied eels are traditionally prepared using the European eels native to Britain. Typically, the eels are chopped (shucked) into rounds and boiled in water and vinegar to make a fish stock with nutmeg and lemon juice, before being allowed to cool. The eel is a naturally gelatinous fish, with the cooking process releasing proteins, like collagen, into the liquid, which solidify upon cooling to form a jelly, though gelatin may be added in order to aid this process.

Recipes for jellied eels are individual to particular London pie and mash shops, and also street sellers; however, traditional recipes for authentic Victorian jellied eels have common ingredients and cooking methods, with variation only in the herbs and spices used to flavour the dish.

Jellied eels are often sold with pie and mash, another traditional East End food, and eaten with chilli vinegar or with malt vinegar and white pepper.

## Outside the UK

[edit]

The dish is consumed in other parts of Europe, including Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.[citation needed]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Donald Strachan (8 August 2012). Frommer's London 2013. John Wiley & Sons. p. 244\. ISBN 9781118333884.
2. ^ Copping, Jasper (18 June 2007). "Eels in danger of slipping off the menu". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Ltd. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
3. ^ Richard Schweid (2010). Consider the Eel. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 94\. ISBN 9780807826935.
4. ^ Naismith, I. A.; B. Knights (4 April 2005). "The distribution, density and growth of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, in the freshwater catchment of the River Thames". Journal of Fish Biology. 42 (2): 217–226\. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00323.x. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
5. ^ "Commercial Fisheries in the Thames Estuary". ThamesWEB. ThamesWEB.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
6. ^ Pike, C.; Crook, V.; Gollock, M. (2020). "Anguilla anguilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60344A152845178. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T60344A152845178.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

## Further reading

[edit]

* http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A8573132 Background
* https://www.theguardian.com/netnotes/article/0,6729,680948,00.html Jellied eels story at The Guardian, 8 April 2002
* Would you Adam and Eve it? Jellied eels hit by over-fishing London Evening Standard, 3 January 2012.

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jellied eels.

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True eels (Anguilliformes)

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Superclass: Osteichthyes
* Class: Actinopterygii
* Superorder: Elopomorpha

Families

* Chlopsidae (False morays)

Synaphobranchoidei|

* Protanguillidae (Primitive cave eels)
* Synaphobranchidae (Cutthroat eels)

Anguilloidei|

* Moringuidae (Spaghetti eels)
* Anguillidae (Freshwater eels)
* Nemichthyidae (Snipe eels)
* Serrivomeridae (Sawtooth eels)
* Cyematidae (Bobtail eels)
* Monognathidae (Onejaws)
* Neocyematidae (Orange bobtail eels)
* Eurypharyngidae (Pelican eels)
* Saccopharyngidae (Gulper eels)

Muraenoidei|

* Heterenchelyidae (Mud eels)
* Myrocongridae (Thin eels)
* Muraenidae (Moray eels)

Congroidei|

* Colocongridae (Shorttail eels)
* Derichthyidae (Longneck eels)
* Ophichthidae (Snake eels)
* Muraenesocidae (Pike congers)
* Nettastomatidae (Duckbill eels)
* Congridae (Congers & garden eels)

| As food|

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|

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16th century|

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17th century|

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* Elinor Fettiplace (Receipt Book, 1604)
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18th century|

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* Mary Kettilby (A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery 1714)
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19th century|

| Exemplars|

* Maria Rundell (A New System of Domestic Cookery 1806)
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20th century|

| Exemplars|

* Florence Petty
* Elizabeth David (A Book of Mediterranean Food 1950)
* Dorothy Hartley (Food in England 1954)
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* Bakewell tart
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21st century|

| Exemplars|

* Heston Blumenthal (The Fat Duck)
* Lizzie Collingham
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* Rachel Khoo
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