Jenin

Palestinian city, northern West Bank

This article is about the city in Palestine. For other uses, see Jenin (disambiguation).

Municipality type A in State of Palestine

Jenin

Municipality type A (City)

Arabic transcription(s)
• Arabic| جنين
• Latin| Jinin (official)
Janin (unofficial)
Hebrew transcription(s)
• Hebrew| ג׳נין

Jenin skyline

Jenin

Location of Jenin within Palestine

Coordinates: 32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000
Palestine grid| 178/207
State|  State of Palestine
Governorate| Jenin
West Bank area (Oslo II Accord)| Area A (Palestinian enclaves)
Government

• Type| City
Area

• Total

| 37,342 dunams (37.3 km2 or 14.4 sq mi)
Population

(2017)[1]

• Total

| 49,908
• Density| 1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
| (plus 10,371 in Jenin refugee camp)

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns.[2] Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.[3]

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War.[1][4] The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

## Etymology

[edit]

Jenin has been identified as the place "Gina" or "Ginah" mentioned in the Amarna letters from the 14th century BCE, as a town in Canaan.[5] Jenin is commonly identified with the later biblical city of Ein-Ganim,[6][7][8][9] from Hebrew: עֵין גַּנִּים, meaning "the spring of gardens"[10] or "the spring of Ganim",[11] probably referring to the many springs located nearby. The present-day Arabic name is believed to preserve the city's ancient name.[6]

## History

[edit]

### Ancient period

[edit]

Further information: Gina (Canaan)

Jenin is identified with a number of important towns mentioned in ancient sources. Throughout history, it was referred to as "Ein Ganim", "Beth Hagan", "Ginah", and "Ginae", along other names.[5][9]

Tell Jenin, believed to constitute the original settlement core of the city, is located at the center of what is today Jenin's business district.[6][12] The tell is also known as Tell el-Nawar, a term derived from the Arabic word for "gypsies," due to former nomadic encampments in this site. The earliest settlement at the tell dates to the late Neolithic and the early Chalcolithic. In the early 20th century, the tell was occupied by a modern cemetery and a threshing floor.[13]

#### Bronze Age

[edit]

Jenin has been identified as the place Gina or Ginah mentioned in the Amarna letters from the 14th century BCE. At the time, it was a vassal state of the New Kingdom of Egypt.[14][5] The people of Gina managed to kill the warlord Labaya during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten.[15]

#### Iron Age

[edit]

Jenin is identical to Ein-Ganim, which the Hebrew Bible describes as a Levite city belonging to the Israelite Tribe of Issachar.[5][9][16] It has also been associated with Beth-Haggan, mentioned in 2 Kings in connection with Ahaziah's flight from Jehu, before he is wounded at Ibleam and later dies in Megiddo.[5][9][17] The Book of Judith renders its name as Gini.[6][5]

### Roman and Byzantine periods

[edit]

Josephus, a Roman-Jewish historian of the 1st-century CE, mentions Ginae as being in the great plain, on the northern border of Samaria.[6][18][19] During the Roman period, Ginae was settled exclusively by Samaritans. The people of Galilee were disposed to pass through their city during the annual pilgrimages to Jerusalem.[20] In 51 CE, a Galilean Jew was killed in Ginae by hostile Samaritans while en route to Jerusalem to celebrate Sukkot. With Roman procurator Cumanus failing to respond, Jewish Zealots led by Elazar the Son of Deinaeus (Ben Dinai) sought vengeance, and several Samaritan villages in Aqrabatene were destroyed.[21][22]

Biblical commentator F. W. Farrar raised the possibility that this Samaritan village, "the first village at which [a traveler taking the road from Galilee to Judea over Mount Tabor] would arrive", was the one which rejected the disciples of Jesus in Luke's Gospel at the point where Jesus and his followers begin his journey towards Jerusalem.[23]

Ceramics dating from the Byzantine era have been found here.[24] There is no mention of Jenin in the reports of the Muslim conquest of the Levant from the Byzantines, which, according to the historian Moshe Sharon, "is not surprising, since it was a small place of minor importance".[25]

### Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods

[edit]

Jenin came under Crusader rule in 1103.[26] The Crusaders called it Le Grand Guerin (Latin: Garinum or Gallina Major),[25] to distinguish it from the town of Zir'in, which they called Petit Grin.[26] Under the Crusaders it was a small seigniory, forming part of the Principality of Galilee or the Kingdom of Jerusalem.[25]

Shortly before the Battle of Hattin in 1187, Jenin was captured by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin,[25] who destroyed the nearby fort, Castellum Beleismum.[27] In the 1220s, the geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi described Jenin as "a small and beautiful town, lying between Nabulus and Beisan, in the Jordan Province. There is much water, and many springs are found here, and often have I visited it."[28] In 1229, a peace was concluded between Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Sultan al-Kamil, during the Sixth Crusade, whereby the city was given to the Crusaders, but Sultan as-Salih Ayyub was able to control it permanently in 1244 after the Battle of La Forbie.[citation needed]

In 1255, it was agreed between the Ayyubid sultan in Syria, an-Nasir Yusuf, and the first Mamluk sultan in Egypt, Izz al-Din Aybak, to give the latter all of the lands lying west of the Jordan River, and thus Jenin entered into the possession of the Mamluks.[citation needed] It was one of eleven subdistricts of Mamlakat Safad (Province of Safed).[29] In the late 13th century, Mamluk emirs (commanders) stationed at Jenin were ordered by Sultan Qalawun (r. 1279–1290) "to ride every day with their troops before the fortress of 'Akka, so as to protect the coast and the merchants."[30] As one of the stations of the Mamluk barid (postal route) between the Mamluk capital Cairo and Damascus, it was one of the towns where fires were lit to warn of a Mongol attack.[29] The geographer al-Dimashqi mentioned Jenin around 1300.[31] From the time of Qalawun's son, Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1299–1309, 1310–1341), it was a station on the route where ice was transported to Cairo for the sultans' drink houses.[29] The Mamluk historian al-Qalqashandi (d. 1418) described Jenin as "an ancient spacious town which is riding on a shoulder of a nice valley in which there is a river of flowing water" north of Qaqun "on the top end of Marj Bani Amer [Jezreel Valley]".[29] He also noted that it contained the mausoleum of Dihyah al-Kalbi, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[29]

### Ottoman era

[edit]

Painting of Jenin by David Roberts, 1839, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia A general view of Jenin, between 1890 and 1900 Street scene in Jenin, 1917. An Ottoman Army soldier (center left) with a local Arab (center right)

The Ottomans conquered Mamluk Syria in 1516. Jenin became the administrative center of a nahiya (subdistrict) of the Lajjun Sanjak (Lajjun District).[29] The sanjak was officially called the Iqta (Fief) of Turabay until 1559 when it became officially known as the Lajjun Sanjak.[32] The Turabay dynasty was the ruling house of the Bedouin Banu Haritha tribe, whose members held the governorship of Lajjun from the start of Ottoman rule through 1677.[33]

The tax registers from 1548 to 1549 report that Jenin had a population of eight households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,000 akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf (religious endowment) in the name of the Mamluk sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri (r. 1501–1516).[34] Turabay rule was occasionally interrupted, including in 1564, when a certain Kemal Bey was appointed sanjak-bey (district governor) by the Ottomans.[35] On 15 October 1564 Kemal Bey requested from the beylerbey (provincial governor) of Damascus that the stone caravanserai of Jenin be repaired, garrisoned and serve as the chief headquarters of the Lajjun sanjak-bey in order for Lajjun to prosper and for the road connecting Damascus to Jerusalem and Egypt to become secure. The official response was that the caravanserai be turned into a fortress; the fortress became ruined at some later point and 19th-century residents of Jenin used to claim that certain large rocks strewn in the village were the remnants of the 16th-century fortress.[36]

The Turabays, who remained nomads in the plain between Mount Carmel and Caesarea, made Jenin the administrative headquarters of Lajjun and used the town's Izz al-Din Cemetery to bury their dead.[37] A large, domed mausoleum was built for the grave of one of the chiefs and sanjak-beys of the family, Turabay ibn Ali (d. 1601). Known as Qubbat al-Amir Turabay (Dome of the Emir Turabay), it was described in a 1941 report as a ruined structure, and Sharon, writing in 2017, notes that it "does not exist anymore".[38] No other graves of the Turabays in Jenin had survived into the 20th century.[38] During the conflict between Fakhr al-Din of the Ma'n dynasty, who governed the sanjaks of Sidon-Beirut and Safed, and the Turabays, in 1623, Fakhr al-Din captured Jenin and stationed his men there. In 1624 the most prominent Turabay chief and sanjak-bey of Lajjun, Ahmad ibn Turabay, drove out the Ma'nid troops from Jenin and established his personal residence in the town.[39]

In the mid-18th century, Jenin was designated the administrative capital of the combined districts of Lajjun and Ajlun.[40] There are indications that the area comprising Jenin and Nablus remained functionally autonomous under Ottoman rule and that the empire struggled to collect taxes there. During the Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt which extended into Syria and Palestine in 1799, a local official from Jenin wrote a poem enumerating and calling upon local Arab leaders to resist Bonaparte, without mentioning the Sultan or the need to protect the Ottoman Empire.[41]

In the late 19th century, some members of the Jarrar family, who formed part of the mallakin (elite land-owning families) in Jenin, cooperated with merchants in Haifa to set up an export enterprise there.[42] During the Ottoman era, Jenin was plagued by local warfare between members of the same clan.[43] The French explorer Guérin visited in 1870.[44] In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Jenin as "The capital of the district, the seat of a Caimacam, a town of about 3,000 inhabitants, with a small bazaar. The houses are well built of stone. There are two families of Roman Catholics; the remainder are Moslems. A spring rises east of the town and is conducted to a large masonry reservoir, near the west side, of good squared stonework, with a long stone trough. This reservoir was built by 'And el Hady, Mudir of Acre, in the first half of the century [..], north of the town is the little mosque of 'Ezz ed Din, with a good- sized dome and a minaret."[45]

### British Mandate period

[edit]

View of the rubble in Jenin after a quarter of the town was dynamited by British forces in 1938, as a retaliatory attack after a British official was assassinated

According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Jenin had a population of 2,637 (2,307 Muslims, 212 Hindus, 108 Christians, seven Jews, and three Sikhs).[46] A following census in 1931 showed a slight increase to 2,706 (2,610 Muslims, 103 Christians, two Jews, and one Druze) with another 68 in nearby suburbs (all Muslims).[47] From 1936, Jenin became a center of rebellion against the British Mandatory authorities. By the summer of 1938, residents of the city embarked on "an intensified campaign of murder, intimidation and sabotage" that caused the British administration "grave concern", according to a British report to the League of Nations;[48] the population had further increased to 3,100.[49] The city played an important role in the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, prompted by the death of Izz ad-Din al-Qassam in a fire-fight with British colonial police at the nearby town of Ya'bad months prior to the start of the revolt. On 25 August 1938, the day after the British Assistant District Commissioner was assassinated in his Jenin office, a large British force with explosives entered the town. Despite having captured and killed the assassin, British forces ordered the inhabitants to leave, and blew up one quarter of the town as a form of punishment.[50]

Jenin was used by Fawzi al-Qawuqji's Arab Liberation Army as a base.

The village statistics of 1945 list the population as 3,990 (3,840 Muslims and 150 Christians).[51]

### 1948 War

[edit]

Further information: Battle of Jenin (1948)

In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the city was defended by the Iraqi Army, then captured briefly by the forces from Israel's Carmeli Brigade during the "Ten Days' fighting" following the cancellation of the first cease-fire. Prior to the battle, the city's residents fled temporarily.[52] The offensive was actually a feint designed to draw Arab forces away from the critical Battle for Jerusalem, and gains in that sector were quickly abandoned when Arab reinforcements arrived.

### Jordanian control

[edit]

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jenin came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

The Jenin refugee camp was founded in 1953 by Jordan to house displaced Palestinians who fled or were expelled during the 1948 War. In 2014 the camp had a population of 16,000. For 19 years, the city was under Jordanian control. A war cemetery for Iraqi soldiers and local combatants is located on the outskirts of Jenin.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 14,402 inhabitants in Jenin.[53]

### Israeli occupation 1967 to 2020

[edit]

2018 United Nations map of the area, showing the Israeli occupation arrangements. A street in Jenin, 2011 In Jenin

Further information: Battle of Jenin (2002)

Jenin has been under Israeli occupation since the Six-Day War, in 1967.[citation needed]

On 14 May 1989, during the early months of the First Intifada. Mohammad Jibrin, aged 45, died in Ramallah Hospital after being beaten by Israeli soldiers in Jenin. Three months later, in response to a question from a member of Knesset Defence Minister Yitzhak Rabin wrote that there was no investigation by the Military Police Investigator.[54]

According to Joel Beinin, Jenin was classified as under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.[3][verification needed] In 1996, Israel handed over control of the city to the Palestinian National Authority in keeping with the Oslo Accords.[verification needed]

According to the BBC, the city is "Known among Palestinians" as "the Martyrs' capital", but the reason they gave was Israeli statistics about suicide bombings, the BBC did not identify any non-Israeli source for the name.[55] During the Second Palestinian uprising (also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada) the camp's militants, some 200 armed men, included members of Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Tanzim, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and Hamas.[56][57] By Israel's count, at least 28 suicide bombers were dispatched from the Jenin camp from 2000 to 2003 during the Second Intifada.[56] Israeli army weekly Bamahane attributes at least 31 militant attacks, totaling 124 victims, to Jenin during the same period, more than any other city in the West Bank.[58]

During the al-Aqsa Intifada, Israel launched Operation Defensive Shield with the stated aim of dismantling militant infrastructure so as to curb suicide bombings and other militant activities. The army encircled and entered six major Palestinian population centers in the West Bank, among them Jenin. During the Battle of Jenin (2002) in April 2002, 23 Israeli soldiers and 52 Palestinians, including civilians,[59][60] were killed.[61] Human Rights Watch reported that the refugee camp, which was the major battleground, suffered extensive damage. Witnesses stated unarmed people were shot and denied medical treatment, and as a result died. Human Rights Watch have regarded many killings to be unlawful such as the death of a 57-year-old wheelchair bound man who was shot and run over by a tank despite having attached a white flag on his wheelchair. A 37-year-old man who was paralysed was crushed under the rubble of his house, his family was not allowed to remove his body. A 14-year-old boy was killed as he travelled to purchase groceries during the temporary relief of the curfew that was imposed by the army. Medical staff were shot at (one nurse killed) while trying to reach the wounded even after clearly being in uniform displaying the red crescent symbol.[62] There have also been reports of Israeli soldiers using Palestinians as human shields, one father described how a soldier rested his rifle on his 14-year-old son's shoulder as he shot.[63] Israel denied the entry of rescue teams and journalists into Jenin even after they withdrew. Over the following years, Jenin was subject to extended curfews and targeted killings.

During a gun-battle with Islamic Jihad militants whom Israel says were firing at troops from inside the UN compound, an Israeli military sniper shot and killed a UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) employee, Iain Hook (54) on November 22, 2002.[64] The sniper reportedly mistook a cellphone in Hook's hands for a gun or grenade.[65]

Downtown Jenin

In the framework of the Valley of Peace initiative, a joint Arab-Israeli project is under way to promote tourism in the Jenin region.[66] In 2010, 600 new businesses opened in Jenin.[67] The Canaan Fair Trade is headquartered in Jenin.[68] Director of The Freedom Theatre in Jenin, Juliano Mer-Khamis, was killed by masked gunmen in the city in April 2011. Mer-Khamis co-founded the theatre with Zakaria Zubeidi, former military chief of the al-Aqsa Brigades who had renounced violence.[69]

### Israeli occupation in the 2020s

[edit]

On 6 February 2020, a Palestinian policeman, Tarek Badwan, was shot dead by an Israeli sniper as he stood at the entrance to the Jenin police station and chatted with a colleague. No explanation has been forthcoming. The incident was recorded on video.[70]

On 17 June 2022, Israeli forces conducted a raid in the al-Marah area of the city. During the raid, Israeli forces opened fire on a car, killing three Palestinians and seriously injuring another.[71]

A street in Jenin

On 26 January 2023, Israeli forces killed nine in a clash with Islamic Jihad militants during a raid in the city and refugee camp of Jenin.[72][73]

On 3 July 2023, shortly after 1 a.m., Israeli forces attacked the city's refugee camp using drone-fired missiles and ground troops. Eight Palestinians died from injuries sustained during the attack and a further eighty were injured, nine of them critically.[74][75] Fifty Palestinians, whom Israeli forces labeled "militants", were arrested. Israeli forces cut off telecommunications and electricity in the area and medical professionals struggled to reach the injured. Israel claimed that while they were targeting suspected members of the Jenin Brigades, an armed group, they acknowledged that innocent people may have been injured or killed in the raid. Yoav Gallant, the Israeli Minister of Defense, said "The operation is progressing as planned," and Eli Cohen, the Israeli Foreign Minister, said claimed the refugee camp had become a "center for terrorist activity" thanks to funding from Iranian sources.[76] The refugee camp has a population of roughly 17,000 inhabitants and is about a quarter a square mile in size.

On 19 September 2023, four Palestinians were killed during another Israeli military invasion of the city – among them a 15-year-old Palestinian boy, chased and killed for having noticed the Israeli undercover soldiers sneaking into the Jenin refugee camp.[77]

#### Gaza war

[edit]

During the Gaza war, Israeli forces carried out multiple operations in Jenin. On October 22, 2023, the IDF conducted an airstrike targeting an underground compound beneath the Al-Ansar Mosque in the city. It was reported to be the first airstrike in the West Bank since the Second Intifada. The IDF stated that the strike aimed at operatives from Hamas and PIJ who were planning a terror attack.[78]

Jenin was severely damaged during the Gaza war. By June 2024 repeated bombing attacks and incursions with bulldozers by Israeli forces razed every street and reduced every public square to rubble. In one incident on 21 May, according to journalist Gideon Levy, an Israeli sniper shot dead bystanders, including surgeon Oussaid Jabareen, who was shot while on his way to work at the Jenin Government Hospital.[79][80]

Aftermath of Israel raid on Jenin, August 2024

In late August 2024 Israel launched a large-scale, multi-day raid on Jenin as part of Operation Summer Camps, with one resident saying that "The water is cut off. The electricity is cut off, the sewage system is no longer working. All the infrastructure is destroyed, we no longer have any services that work." The governor of Jenin said that "The Israelis are besieging the hospitals and cutting off the city from the refugee camp, which has become a military zone with no access...neither the civil defence, nor the ambulances, nor the journalists can go and see what is happening there." The IDF, on the other hand, says that this is operation is "not extremely different from regular activity".[81][82] At least 20 Palestinians were killed by the IDF in this attack,[83][84] including a Palestinian man in his 80s.[84] Additionally, the Israeli forces fired at ambulances carrying "a dead and a wounded person",[84] leading to the injury of 2 EMTs and a volunteer doctor.[85]

Also in August, Israeli bulldozers destroyed miles of the city, including homes, businesses and infrastructure; Israeli soldiers blocked emergency responders from assisting residents. News reports include videos of this attack, as well as assertions by the Israel Defense Forces that it is rooting out terrorism; and that it "undertakes all feasible precautions to avoid damaging essential infrastructure”, while acknowledging that these “operations in the area have caused unavoidable harm to certain civilian structures".[86]

In December 2024, the Palestinian Authority launched an anti-militant operation in Jenin, the largest in three decades, called "Protect the Homeland". The operation aims to regain control of the Jenin refugee camp, targeting militants and those fueling instability.[87][88]

On January 21, 2025, the IDF launched its own operation in Jenin, dubbed Iron Wall, aimed at clearing Jenin of militants and putting a stop to light arms being smuggled into the city.[89][90] Operations in Jenin are ongoing. Around 100 homes have been demolished, residents are being prevented from returning to the area by military checkpoints, and Israeli tanks have been deployed.[91][92]

## Geography

[edit]

Jenin is situated at the foot of the rugged northernmost hills (Jabal Nablus) of the West Bank, and along the southern edge of the Jezreel Valley (Marj Ibn Amer),[93] which the city overlooks.[94] Its highest elevation is about 250 meters above sea level and its lowest areas are 90 meters above sea level.[95] Immediately southwest of Jenin is the Sahl Arraba plain (Dothan Valley), while further south is the Marj Sanur valley.[96] About 1.5 kilometers to Jenin's east is Mount Gilboa (Jabal Faqqua).[97]

Jenin is 42 kilometers north of Nablus, 18 kilometers to the south of Afula, and 51 kilometers southeast of Haifa.[98] The nearest localities are Umm at-Tut and Jalqamus to the southeast, Qabatiya and Zababdeh to the south, Burqin to the southwest, Kafr Dan to the west, Arranah, Jalamah and the Arab Israeli village of Muqeible to the north, Deir Ghazaleh to the northeast, and Beit Qad and Deir Abu Da'if to the east.

## Government

[edit]

Jenin municipality was established in 1886 under the Ottoman rule with no more than 80 voters and elections were made every 4 years until 1982 when the Israeli government took control over the municipality until 1995. [citation needed]

List of Jenin mayors:[99]

* Andulmajeed Mansour
* Abdulrahman al-Haj Hassan
* Ragheb Al-Souki
* Al-Haj Hassan Fazaa
* Tawfeek Mansour
* Bishara Atallah
* Hussein al-Abboushi
* Aref Abdulrahman
* Fahmi al-Abboushi

* Tahseen Abdulhadi
* Abdulraheem Jarrar
* Saleh Arif Azzouqa
* Hussni al-Souki
* Ahmed Kamal allSa'adi
* Ahmed Shawki al-Mahmoud
* Shehab al-Sanouri
* Abdullah Lahlouh
* Waleed Abu Mwais (appointed)
* Hatim Jarrar

|
|

Municipal elections were held in Jenin on 15 December 2005. Six seats each were won by Hamas and the local coalition of Fatah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Jenin was one of several Palestinian cities where Hamas showed a dramatic growth in electoral support. [100] Hadem Rida was then elected as Mayor of the city, until he was arrested by the Israel Forces and spent 3 years in jail. After his release, he resigned from the position and went back to practice in his clinic in Jenin city.[citation needed]

## Demographics

[edit]

Palestinian children in Jenin

According to the 2017 census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Jenin had a population of 49,908,[1] the Jenin Refugee Camp of 10,417[1] on 373 dunams (92 acres). Some 42.3% of the population of the camp was under the age of 15.

Year  | Population Jenin City

|

1596 | 8 households[34]
1821 | ~1,500–2,000[101]
1838 | ~2,000[102]
1870 | ~2,000[103]
1882 | ~3,000[104]
1922 | 2,637[46]
1931 | 2,706 + 68[105]
1945 | 3,990[106][107]
1961 | 14,402[53]
1997 | 26,681[108]
2007 | 39,004[4]
2017 | 49,908[1]

## Public institutions and landmarks

[edit]

The Jenin Horse

Jenin is home to many institutions, landmarks, and works of art. The Khalil Suleiman Hospital is located in the city. The Freedom Theatre is a theatre and cinema in the Jenin refugee camp. The Jenin Horse is a famous work of art made of scrap metal from cars destroyed by Israeli forces, built in 2003 by German artist Thomas Kilpper and young people from the city.[109] The horse was destroyed by the IDF in October 2023.[110][111]

There is a monument honoring German pilots shot down in Jenin during the First World War, which incorporates an original wooden propeller.[112] An old British Mandate landing strip, Muqeible Airfield, is located in the city.

### Holy sites

[edit]

Fatima Khatun Mosque

The main and largest mosque of Jenin is the Fatima Khatun Mosque, built in 1566.[113] Another mosque in Jenin is the Al-Ansar Mosque.[114]

The ancient cemetery in Jenin houses the tomb of Sheikh Izz al-Din, a Sufi saint of the Rifa'i order. According to local traditions, he was a descendant of Ali Zayn al-Abidin, the grandson of Muhammad and the sixth Sh'ia Imam. According to a local tradition, Sheikh Izz al-Din fought alongside Saladin against the Crusaders. The tomb possibly predates the cemetery, which served as a burial site for the people of Jenin and the Turabay dynasty. Another tomb in the same cemetery is al-Sheikh Tarabiya, where the Turabay emir Ahmad ibn Turabay ibn Ali al-Harithi is buried.[115]

## Education and culture

[edit]

Arab American University in Jenin

The Arab American University is located in Jenin's vicinity.

Cinema Jenin is the largest movie theater in the area. The cinema, which reopened in 2010 after a 23-year intermission, has indoor and outdoor screens, a film library and educational facilities.[116]

Strings of Freedom is an orchestra in Jenin founded by an Arab citizen of Israel, Wafaa Younis, who travels form her home in central Israel to teach music to the local youth.[117]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
2. ^ "Jenin City". Welcome To Palestine. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
3. ^ a b Beinin, Joel (March 26, 1999). "The Demise of the Oslo Process". Middle East Research and Information Project. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
4. ^ a b 2007 Locality Population Statistics Archived 2010-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
5. ^ a b c d e f Zertal, Adam (2016). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey: From Nahal 'Iron to Nahal Shechem. Vol. 3\. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-13756-1. OCLC 54694679. "Jenin is well identified with a number of important sites: in the el-Amarna letters "The Land of Ginah" is mentioned (EA 250), which is probably the E7 of the 'Execration Texts' (Posener's group); in the Bible there is 'Ein Ganim' (see Kallai's opinion in EB VI: 207–208) and Beth Hagan (I Kgs 9: 27); in the Book of Judith, it appears as Ginei (Jdt 3: 11) and Ginae of the Roman period appears in Josephus (Ant. XX, vi, 1; War III, iii, 4); in the Moslem and the Crusader sources it appears under many names: Geninum, Le Grand Gerin, Major Gallina, Gerinum Magnum. These identifications refer to the tell and/or the settlement of Jenin"
6. ^ a b c d e Tasneem Ghalib Khader Atatrah (2010). "Assessment of Traditional Home Practices Carried by Palestinian Mothers During the Neonatal Period in Jenin District". Deanship of Graduated Studies, Al-Quds University. "Etymology: Jenin was known in ancient times as the Canaanite village of "Ein-Ganim" or Tel Jenin. Tel Jenin, its name in Arabic, is located at the center of what is today Jenin's business center. The city of Ein-Ganim is mentioned in the Hebrew bible as the city of the Levites of the Tribe of Issachar. After some years, the city's name was changed to "Giant". In the book of Judith, the settlement is mentioned as "Gini". The Jewish historian Josephus also mentioned Ganim as a city in northern Samaria. The Arabic name "Jenin" ultimately derives from this ancient name."
7. ^ Shaban, Dawlat Ahmad Mustafa (2009). The Economic and Social life in Jenin city From (1281 Hijre-1864 AD/1337 Hijre-1918 AD) (Thesis thesis)."The name of Jenin city is repeated in several sources, including the Bible, and was called by Ein Ganim"
8. ^ Ishtori Haparchi, Kaftor wa-Ferach, vol. 2, (3rd edition, published by ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007, p. 65 (note 168) (Hebrew)
9. ^ a b c d Tzori, Nehemia (1972-07-01). "New Light on En-Gannim". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 104 (2): 134–138\. doi:10.1179/peq.1972.104.2.134. ISSN 0031-0328.
10. ^ Conder, C. R. (1881). Palmer, E. H. (ed.). "Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists". Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund: 147. "Heb. עֵין גַּנִּים, en Ganim, 'the spring of gardens'"
11. ^ Kmail, A., Jubran, J., Sabbah, W., & Jenin, P. (2017). "Coupling GIS-based MCA and AHP techniques for Hospital Site Selection" (PDF). International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security. 15 (12). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-06. Retrieved 2022-02-06. "The name of Jenin was derived from Ein Ganim meaning "the spring of Ganim" and referring to the region's plentiful spring."`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
12. ^ Kohl et al., 2007, p. 339.
13. ^ Ezzughayyar, Ademar; Al-Zawahra, Muhammad; Salem, Hamed (1996). "Molluscan Fauna from Site 4 of Tell Jenin (Northern West Bank—Palestine)" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 23 (1–6): 1. Bibcode:1996JArSc..23....1E. doi:10.1006/jasc.1996.0001.1–6&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006/jasc.1996.0001&rft_id=info:bibcode/1996JArSc..23....1E&rft.aulast=Ezzughayyar&rft.aufirst=Ademar&rft.au=Al-Zawahra,+Muhammad&rft.au=Salem,+Hamed&rft_id=https://fada.birzeit.edu/bitstream/20.500.11889/8290/1/Molluscan%20fauna%20from%20site%204%20of%20Tell%20Jenin%20%28Northern%20West%20Bank%20-%20Palestine%29.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jenin" class="Z3988">
14. ^ Shmuel Aḥituv (1984). Canaanite Toponyms in Ancient Egyptian Documents. The Magnes Press. p. 103.
15. ^ Dodson (2016), p. 81.
16. ^ Joshua 19:21 Joshua 21:27–29
17. ^ 2 Kings 9:27
18. ^ Josephus Flavius. "Jewish War, Book 3, Chapter 3:4-5". Fordham.edu. Archived from the original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2012-12-31 – via Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus (37 – after 93 CE): Galilee, Samaria, and Judea in the First Century CE. "Now as to the country of Samaria, it lies between Judea and Galilee; it begins at a village that is in the great plain called Ginea, and ends at the Acrabbene toparchy, and is entirely of the same nature with Judea"
19. ^ Safrai, Zeev (2018). Seeking out the Land: Land of Israel traditions in ancient Jewish, Christian and Samaritan literature (200 BCE-400 CE). Leiden. ISBN 978-90-04-33482-3. OCLC 1022977764.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
20. ^ Josephus, Antiquities XX.VI.1
21. ^ Josephus, the Jewish War, II.232-236; Antiquities XX:118-122
22. ^ אילן, טל (2017). נעם, ורד; אילן, טל (eds.). בין יוספוס לחז"ל: כרך א' - האגדות האבודות של ימי הבית השני [Josephus and the Rabbis - Volume I: The Lost Tales of the Second Temple Period] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: יד יצחק בן-צבי. pp. 521–525\. ISBN 978-965-217-403-1.
23. ^ Farrar, F. W., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Luke 9, accessed 11 June 2018
24. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 750
25. ^ a b c d Sharon 2017, p. 172.
26. ^ a b Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
27. ^ Boas, Adrian (2006). Archaeology of the Military Orders: A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlements and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East (c.1120-1291). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-42284-5.
28. ^ Cited in le Strange, 1890, p. 464
29. ^ a b c d e f Sharon 2017, p. 174.
30. ^ Ayalon and Sharon, 1986, p. 168.
31. ^ Cited in le Strange, 1890, p. 41
32. ^ Rhode 1979, p. 24.
33. ^ Sharon 2017, pp. 176–177.
34. ^ a b Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 160
35. ^ Abu-Husayn 1985, p. 188.
36. ^ Sharon 2017, p. 173.
37. ^ Sharon 2017, p. 177.
38. ^ a b Sharon 2017, p. 178.
39. ^ Abu-Husayn 1985, pp. 195–196.
40. ^ Doumani, 1995, p. 39.
41. ^ Quataert 2005, p. 107.
42. ^ Yazbak 1998, p. 150.
43. ^ Hamed Salem (January 2008). "The Archaeology of Warfare: Local Chiefdoms and Settlement Systems in the Jenin Region during the Ottoman Period of Palestine". Near Eastern Archaeology. 71 (4): 214. doi:10.1086/NEA20697191. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
44. ^ Guérin, 1874, pp. 327–332
45. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. 44 -45
46. ^ a b Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 29
47. ^ Palestine Census 1931.
48. ^ Corera, Gordon. "The British in Jenin". Retrieved 14 April 2016.
49. ^ Village Statistics (PDF). 1938. p. 28.
50. ^ "The British in Jenin", History Today, July 2002, Gordon Corera, pp. 2-4.
51. ^ Village Statistics (PDF). 1945. p. 16.
52. ^ Gelber, Yoav (2004) "Independence Versus Nakba"; Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir Publishing, ISBN 965-517-190-6, p.220
53. ^ a b Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 8 Archived 2018-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
54. ^ Talmor, Ronny (translated by Ralph Mandel) (1990) The Use of Firearms - By the Security Forces in the Occupied Territories. B'Tselem. download pp.76,78
55. ^ Lee, Ken (June 24, 2003). "Jenin rises from the dirt". BBC. Retrieved September 21, 2008. "Known among Palestinians as the "Martyrs' Capital," at least 28 suicide bombers, by Israel's count, have been dispatched from the camp's squalid alleyways since the outbreak of the current intifada."
56. ^ a b Lee, Ken (June 24, 2003). "Jenin rises from the dirt". BBC. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
57. ^ [permanent dead link]United Nations Yearbook 2002. Bernan Press. 2002. ISBN 978-92-1-100904-0. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
58. ^ Kiron, Omri; Al-Peleg, Daniel (September 4, 2009). "BeGeder Hatzlaha (Hebrew title)". Bamahane (in Hebrew) (3003): 31–32.
59. ^ Krauss, Joseph. "Weary West Bank fighters watch Gaza assault from afar". AFP / The Jordan Times. \- "Fifty-four Palestinians and 23 Israeli soldiers were killed in the mêlée".
60. ^ Katz, Yaakov (2010-07-14). "IDF mulls entry to West Bank cities by Jewish Israelis". JPost.
61. ^ "BBC NEWS - Middle East - UN says no massacre in Jenin". August 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
62. ^ "CIVILIAN CASUALTIES AND UNLAWFUL KILLINGS IN JENIN". www.hrw.org. HRW.
63. ^ SUMMARY, HRW
64. ^ Israel admits killing British UN worker BBC News November 23, 2002
65. ^ Fisher, Ian (2002-11-24). "Israel admits one of its soldiers killed U.N. officer in Jenin". The New York Times (November 24). Retrieved June 7, 2012. "An Israeli soldier then fired at Mr. Hook inside the compound when he saw "an object which resembles a pistol" in his hand, the statement read."
66. ^ "globalaffairs.es". Retrieved 14 April 2016.
67. ^ "The Economic Impact of Israeli-Arab Visitors to the West Bank". Archived from the original on 2016-05-05. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
68. ^ "Canaan Fair Trade". Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
69. ^ "Juliano Mer-Khamis". The Economist. 14 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
70. ^ Gideon Levy, Alex Levac, 'What the Israeli army does to soldiers who shoot Palestinians,' Haaretz 19 November 2021
71. ^ "Three Palestinians killed by Israeli forces in Jenin raid". Al Jazeera. 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
72. ^ "Israeli forces kill nine in Jenin clash with Palestinian gunmen, marking West Bank's deadliest day in over a year". CNN. 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
73. ^ "Nine Palestinians killed in Jenin, Israeli forces thwart terror attack". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 26 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-26.
74. ^ Kershner, Isabel (2023-07-03). "Israel Launches Biggest Air Attack on West Bank in Nearly Two Decades". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
75. ^ "Jenin: Israeli military launches major operation in West Bank city". BBC News. 2023-07-02. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
76. ^ "Palestinians in occupied West Bank say Israel bombing "innocent people" in raid on Jenin refugee camp - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
77. ^ Al Jazeera Staff. "Palestinian boy discovers undercover Israeli forces, they kill him: DCIP". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
78. ^ "Israel strikes militant compound under West Bank mosque, military says". Reuters. 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
79. ^ Gideon Levy, Alex Levac, 'In a Single Hour, Israeli Snipers Killed Seven Bystanders at the Jenin Refugee Camp,' Haaretz 14 June 2024.
80. ^ David Gritten, 'Seven Palestinians killed in Israeli West Bank raid,' BBC News 21 May 2024
81. ^ "West Bank city 'cut off from the world' as Israel raid drags on". France 24. 2024-08-31. Archived from the original on 2024-09-01. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
82. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (2024-08-31). "Soldier killed in fierce clashes in Jenin as IDF presses major West Bank operation | The Times of Israel". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
83. ^ "Photos: Aftermath of Israeli assault as military withdraws from Jenin". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
84. ^ a b c Shezaf, Hagar (30 August 2024). "Palestinian Red Crescent: Israeli Forces Shot Dead Elderly Palestinian in West Bank City of Jenin". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 September 2024. "The Palestinian Health Ministry in Ramallah said that a Palestinian man in his 80s was shot to death by the Israeli army outside his home in the West Bank city of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Red Crescent, the man, Tawfiq Ahmad Younes Qandil, was shot in Jenin's eastern neighborhood. Additionally, it said that IDF forces fired at ambulances carrying a dead and a wounded person."
85. ^ "PRCS Condemns Occupation's Dismantling of Humanitarian Space During Jenin Incursion". Palestine Red Crescent Society. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
86. ^ Solomon, Erika; Leatherby, Lauren; Toler, Aric (September 28, 2024). "Israeli Bulldozers Flatten Mile After Mile in the West Bank". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
87. ^ Ibrahim, Kareem Khadder, Tim Lister, Nadeen (2024-12-23). "A new front in the Middle East: Militants battle Palestinian Authority in sprawling refugee camp". CNN. Retrieved 2024-12-25.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
88. ^ "Palestinian Authority, seeking Gaza role, takes on West Bank militants". The Washington Post. 2024-12-25.
89. ^ Ben Kimon, Elisha; Ḥalabi, Einav; Zeitoun, Yoav; Eichner, Itamar (January 21, 2025). "Operation "Iron Wall" begins in Jenin: Ground forces and special units enter the city" (in Hebrew). Ynet News. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
90. ^ TV7 Israel News, POTUS Trump casts doubt on Gaza ceasefire; Israel launches Counter-Terror Ops. on YouTube, January 21, 2025, minutes 07:56–09:10.
91. ^ "Tens of thousands of Palestinians seek shelter after Israeli assaults across the West Bank". AP News. 2025-02-28. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
92. ^ "Israeli tanks enter Jenin in occupied West Bank as military operation displaces more than 40,000 Palestinians - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. 2025-02-25. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
93. ^ Zeitoun, Mark (2008). Power and Water in the Middle East: The Hidden Politics of the Palestinian-Israeli Water Conflict. I.B.Tauris. p. 88\. ISBN 978-0-85771-585-2.
94. ^ von Tischendorf, Constantin (1853). Travels in the East. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 226.
95. ^ Environmental Profile for the West Bank: Jenin District. Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem. 1996. p. 67.
96. ^ Great Britain: Naval Intelligence Division (28 October 2013). Palestine & Transjordan. Routledge. p. 17\. ISBN 978-1-136-20939-0.
97. ^ Hammel, Eric (2001). Six Days in June: How Israel Won the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Pacifica Military History. p. 373\. ISBN 978-1-890988-26-5.[permanent dead link]
98. ^ Lewensohn, Avraham (1979). Israel Tourguide. Tourguide : Bet A. Lewensohn. p. 244.
99. ^ List of Mayors of Jenin[usurped] Jenin Municipality.
100. ^ Palestinian Municipal Elections, the Left is advancing, while Hamas capitalizes on the decline of Fatah Archived 2006-03-22 at the Wayback Machine Nasser Ibrahim, December 22, 2005
101. ^ Scholz, 1822, p. 266, cited in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 155
102. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 155
103. ^ Guérin, 1874, p. 328
104. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 44
105. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 68
106. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 54 Archived 2012-02-29 at the Wayback Machine
107. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16 Archived 2018-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
108. ^ "Palestinian Population by Locality, Subspace and Age Groups in Years [Jenin Governorate]" (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). 1997. p. 21. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
109. ^ Gani, Aisha (2014-03-03). "Jenin's Freedom theatre: from death and destruction, a message of hope". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
110. ^ "Four Palestinian terrorists killed in overnight IDF raid in Jenin". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
111. ^ Staff, Maktoob (2023-10-30). "Israeli raid in Jenin camp kills four, leaves mass destruction". Maktoob media. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
112. ^ Palestinians and Their Society, 1880-1946Author:Sarah Graham-Brown
113. ^ Irving, Sarah (2011). Palestine. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 243\. ISBN 9781841623672. "On the edge of the Old City, on Al-Nasira Street, is Jenin's main mosque, known as the Fatima Khatoun Mosque or Jamaa Al-Kebir, named after the wife of a Bosnian governor of Damascus under the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificant. Fatima Khatoun is said to have taken a liking to Jenin when she passed through on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1566 and to have established, or possibly renovated, this mosque on the site of an earlier one dating back to the first Islamic conquests of Palestine in the 7th century."
114. ^ "Israel Carries Out Air Strike On 'Hamas And Islamic Jihad Terrorist Compound' In Al-Ansar Mosque". india.com. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
115. ^ Tal, Uri (2023). Muslim Shrines in Eretz Israel: History, Religion, Traditions, Folklore. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi. pp. 112–113\. ISBN 978-965-217-452-9.
116. ^ "Jenin cinema reopens with film of hope". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
117. ^ Kershner, Isabel (2009-03-29). "Concert for Holocaust Survivors Is Condemned". The New York Times. Retrieved June 1, 2010.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim (1985b). Provincial Leaderships in Syria, 1575–1650. Beirut: American University of Beirut. ISBN 9780815660729.
* Ayalon, D.; Sharon, M. (1986). Studies in Islamic history and civilization: in honour of Professor David Ayalon (Illustrated ed.). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-965-264-014-7.
* Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
* Chatty, D. (2006). Nomadic societies in the Middle East and North Africa: entering the 21st century (Illustrated ed.). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-14792-8.
* Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2\. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
* Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-86054-905-4.
* Doumani, B. (1995). Rediscovering Palestine: merchants and peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900 (Illustrated ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20370-9.
* Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
* Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
* Guérin, V. (1874). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
* Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from the original on 2018-12-08. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
* Hadidi, Adnan (1995). Studies in the history and archaeology of Jordan, Volume 3 (Illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7102-1372-3.
* Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
* Kohl, Philip L.; Kozelsky, Mara; Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (2007). Selective remembrances: archaeology in the construction, commemoration, and consecration of national pasts (Illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-45059-9.
* Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
* Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
* Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2005). Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land (4th, revised, illustrated ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-8571-7.
* Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
* Quataert, D. (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922 (2nd, illustrated, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5.
* Rhode, H. (1979). The Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safad in the Sixteenth Century (PhD). Columbia University.
* Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3\. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
* Scholz, J.M.A. (1822). Reise in die Gegend zwischen Alexandrien und Parätonium, die libysche Wüste, Siwa, Egypten . F. Fleischer.
* Sharon, M. (2017). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, Volume Six: J (1). Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-32515-9.
* Yazbak, M. (1998). Haifa in the late Ottoman period, 1864-1914: a Muslim town in transition (Illustrated ed.). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-11051-9.
* Dodson, Aidan (2016) [1st pub. 2014]. Amarna Sunrise. Egypt from Golden Age to Age of Heresy. Cairo; New York City: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-1-61797-560-8.

## External links

[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Jenin.

* Welcome To Jinin Archived 2025-02-15 at the Wayback Machine
* Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8: IAA, Wikimedia commons
* A project aimed at reopening a movie theater for the residents of Jenin and the refugee camp.
* Peace and Prosperity in the West Bank in-depth report on NOW on PBS
* Heart of Jenin documentary on PBS wide angle

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Cities administered by the State of Palestine

West Bank|

* Abu Dis
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* Abasan al-Kabira
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*From 14 June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under de facto Hamas governance.

* v
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Jenin Governorate

Cities|

* Jenin
* Qabatiya

Municipalities|

* Arraba (Wadi Da'quq • al-Mansura)
* Burqin
* Jaba' (al-Asa'asa)
* Kafr Ra'i
* Meithalun
* Silat ad-Dhahr
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* Ya'bad
* al-Yamun (Khirbet Suruj)
* Zababdeh

Villages|

* Ajjah
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* Deir Abu Da'if
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* Fahma
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* Fandaqumiya
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* Imreiha
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* Zububa

Refugee camps|

* Jenin Camp

* v
* t
* e

Palestine refugee camps locations and populations as of 2015[1]

|  Gaza Strip
518,000 UNRWA refugees|  West Bank
188,150 UNRWA refugees|  Syria
319,958 UNRWA refugees|  Lebanon
188,850 UNRWA refugees|  Jordan
355,500 UNRWA refugees

|
|
|
|

| Al-Shati (Beach camp)| 87,000

|

Bureij |  34,000
Deir al-Balah |  21,000
Jabalia |  110,000
Khan Yunis |  72,000
Maghazi |  24,000
Nuseirat |  66,000
Rafah |  104,000
Canada |  closed

| Aqabat Jaber| 6,400

|

Ein as-Sultan |  1,900
Far'a |  7,600
Fawwar |  8,000
Jalazone |  11,000
Qalandia |  11,000
Am'ari |  10,500
Deir 'Ammar |  2,400
Dheisheh |  13,000
Aida |  4,700
Al-Arroub |  10,400
Askar |  15,900
Balata |  23,600
'Azza (Beit Jibrin) |  1,000
Ein Beit al-Ma' (Camp No. 1)|  6,750
Tulkarm |  18,000
Nur Shams |  9,000
Jenin |  16,000
Shu'fat |  11,000
Silwad
Birzeit

| Sabinah| 22,600

|

Khan al-Shih |  20,000
Nayrab |  20,500
Homs |  22,000
Jaramana |  18,658
Daraa|  10,000
Hama|  8,000
Khan Danoun |  10,000
Qabr Essit |  23,700

Unofficial camps
Ein Al-Tal |  6,000
Latakia |  10,000
Yarmouk |  148,500

| Bourj el-Barajneh| 17,945

|

Ain al-Hilweh|  54,116
El Buss |  11,254
Nahr al-Bared |  5,857
Shatila |  9,842
Wavel |  8,806
Mar Elias |  662
Mieh Mieh |  5,250
Beddawi |  16,500
Burj el-Shamali |  22,789
Dbayeh |  4,351
Rashidieh |  31,478

Former camps
Tel al-Zaatar |  ?
Nabatieh |  ?

| Zarqa| 20,000

|

Jabal el-Hussein |  29,000
Amman New (Wihdat) |  51,500
Souf |  20,000
Baqa'a |  104,000
Husn (Martyr Azmi el-Mufti camp) |  22,000
Irbid |  25,000
Jerash |  24,000
Marka |  53,000
Talbieh |  8,000
Al-Hassan |  ?
Madaba |  ?
Sokhna |  ?

References

1. ^ "Camp Profiles". unrwa.org. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

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