Jinding

Buddhist temple on main peak of Mount Emei, China

Jinding

The Puxian Hall at Jinding

Religion
Affiliation| Buddhism
Location
Location| Mount Emei, Sichuan, China
Geographic coordinates| 29°31′32″N 103°20′12″E﻿ / ﻿29.52567°N 103.336802°E﻿ / 29.52567; 103.336802
Architecture
Completed| 1377
Jinding

Traditional Chinese| 金頂
Simplified Chinese| 金顶
Literal meaning| Golden Summit
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Jīndǐng
Bopomofo| ㄐㄧㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˇ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Gāmdéng
Huazang Temple
Traditional Chinese| 華藏寺
Simplified Chinese| 华藏寺
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Huázàng sì
Bopomofo| ㄏㄨㄚˊㄗㄤˋㄙˋ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Wàhjohng jih
The Ten-faced Puxian stupa

The Jinding (Chinese: 金顶; pinyin: Jīndǐng; lit. 'Golden Summit'), elevation 3,077 metres (10,095 ft), is the main peak of Mount Emei, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sichuan, China. It is also a common name for the Buddhist Huazang Temple (Chinese: 华藏寺; pinyin: Huázàng sì) built on the summit.[1][2] Jinding is the highest Buddhist temple in traditionally Han areas of China.[2]

Jinding is known for its "four wonders": the sunrise, the sea of clouds, the "Buddhist halo", and the "divine light".[3]

## History

[edit]

The Huazang Temple was originally built in 1377 during the Ming dynasty, but has been rebuilt multiple times because of fire. The most recent incident happened in 1972, during the Cultural Revolution, when the temple was used for transmitting signals of a local television station. On April 8 at 9:30am, flames caused by a power generator quickly engulfed the wooden temple.[2] The fire burned for two days, destroying countless precious Buddhist relics as well as numerous trees. The only remaining relics are a bronze monument and a bronze doorway from the Ming dynasty, and a bronze statue from the Qing dynasty.[2]

In 2004, as part of the Jinding "Revival and Renovation Plan" by the Mt. Emei Buddhist Association, the Huazang Temple was rebuilt along with a 48-meter-tall stupa of the "Ten-faced Puxian Bodhisattva" (Samantabhadra). The rebuilt temple was officially opened on 18 June 2006.[2] 300 notable Buddhist monks attended the grand ceremony, as well as 3,000 visitors. The reconstruction is seen as a prestigious project for the local authorities, and has helped to attract tourists and religious pilgrims alike. However, it has also been criticized as an attempt to increase revenue. The new structures have been called "inauthentic" and purely "invented".[4]

In March 2016, the Puxian stupa was temporarily closed for renovation. The authorities plan to cover the stupa with 160,000 gold leaves, at a cost of CN¥20 million.[5]

## Structures

[edit]

The complex is built along a central axis on a slope, from the lowest to the highest are the stupa, the main hall and the Puxian hall.[2]

The Ten-faced Puxian Stupa stands 48 metres (157 ft) tall, weighs 660 tons[5] and is surrounded by urns containing the ashes of Buddhists. On one side, the bodhisattva holds a ruyi, while on the other, his hands forms the Dhyana Mudra meditation gesture. Inside the stupa is a statue of Maitreya.[2] The stupa was designed by the Taiwanese architect Chu-Yuan Lee.[5]

The Grand Hall of the Great Sage (Chinese: 大雄宝殿; pinyin: Dàxióng Bǎodiàn; or Mahavira Hall) is the main hall, housing statues of the Gautama Buddha and two disciples.[2]

The Puxian Hall (Chinese: 普贤殿; pinyin: Pǔxián diàn), built in 1615, is located behind the main hall at the highest point, and is over 8 metres (26 ft) tall.[2]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Grand Hall of the Great Sage

* Golden Summit

* Puxian Hall

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Kögel, Eduard (2015). The Grand Documentation: Ernst Boerschmann and Chinese Religious Architecture (1906–1931). De Gruyter. pp. 273–7\. ISBN 978-3-11-040134-9.273-7&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-11-040134-9&rft.aulast=Kögel&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZgoCQAAQBAJ&pg;=PA273&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jinding" class="Z3988">
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Huazang Temple" (in Chinese). Mt. Emei Buddhist Association. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
3. ^ Atlas of World Heritage: China. Long River Press. 2005. pp. 124–6\. ISBN 978-1-59265-060-6.124-6&rft.pub=Long+River+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59265-060-6&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFRgajxu3wIC&pg;=PT126&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jinding" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Blumenfield, Tami; Silverman, Helaine (2013). Cultural Heritage Politics in China. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 62–63\. ISBN 978-1-4614-6874-5.62-63&rft.pub=Springer+Science+&+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-6874-5&rft.aulast=Blumenfield&rft.aufirst=Tami&rft.au=Silverman,+Helaine&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYFDAAAAQBAJ&pg;=PA62&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jinding" class="Z3988">
5. ^ a b c "峨眉山金顶十方普贤重塑金身暂别游客". Tencent (in Chinese). 2016-03-23.

* v
* t
* e

National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area

Chinese Buddhism

North|

| Beijing|

* Guangji Temple, Fayuan Temple, Lingguang Temple, Guanghua Temple, Tongjiao Temple, Yonghe Temple, Xihuang Temple

|

Tianjin|

* Temple of Great Compassion

Hebei|

* Zhengding County: Linji Temple
* Chengde: Puning Temple

Shanxi|

* Taiyuan: Chongshan Temple
* Datong: Huayan Temple
* Jiaocheng County: Xuanzhong Temple

| Mount Wutai|

* Xiantong Temple
* Tayuan Temple
* Pusading
* Shuxiang Temple
* Luohou Temple
* Jinge Temple
* Guangzong Temple
* Bishan Temple
* Shifang Temple
* Dailuoding
* Qixian Temple)

|

Northeast|

| Liaoning|

* Shenyang: (Banruo Temple, Ci'en Temple)

|

Jilin|

* Changchun: (Banruo Temple, Dizang Temple)
* Jilin City: Guanyin Ancient Temple

Heilongjiang|

* Harbin: Jile Temple

East|

| Shanghai|

* Jade Buddha Temple, Jing'an Temple, Longhua Temple, Chenxiang Pavilion, Yuanming Jiangtang

|

Jiangsu|

* Nanjing: (Linggu Temple, Qixia Temple)
* Suzhou: (Xiyuan Temple, Hanshan Temple, Lingyanshan Temple)
* Zhenjiang: (Jinshan Temple, Dinghui Temple)
* Changshu: (Tianing Temple, Xingfu Temple)
* Nantong: Guangjiao Temple
* Yangzhou: (Daming Temple, Gaomin Temple)
* Jurong: Longchang Temple

Zhejiang|

* Hangzhou: (Lingyin Temple, Jingci Temple)
* Ningbo: (Qita Temple, Tiantong Temple, Temple of King Ashoka)
* Xinchang County: Dafo Temple

| Mount Putuo|

* Puji Temple
* Fayu Temple
* Huiji Temple

|

* Tiantai County: (Guoqing Temple, Gaoming Temple, Fangguang Temple)
* Wenzhou: Jiangxin Temple

Anhui|

*     * Hefei: Mingjiao Temple
* Anqing: Yingjiang Temple
* Qianshan County: Sanzu Temple
* Chuzhou: Langya Temple
* Wuhu: Guangji Temple (Wuhu)

| Mount Jiuhua|

* Huacheng Temple
* Shrine of Living Buddha
* Baisui Palace
* Ganlu Temple
* Zhiyuan Temple
* Tiantai Temple
* Zhantanlin
* Huiju Temple
* Shangchan Temple

|

Shandong|

* Jinan: Xingguo Temple
* Qingdao: Zhanshan Temple

Southeast|

| Jiangxi|

* Jiujiang: (Nengren Temple, Donglin Temple)
* Yongxiu County: Zhenru Temple
* Ji'an: Jingju Temple

|

Fujian|

* Fuzhou: (Yongquan Temple, Xichan Temple, Linyang Temple, Dizang Temple)
* Minhou County: Chongsheng Temple
* Xiamen: South Putuo Temple
* Putian: (Guanghua Temple, Cishou Temple, Guangxiao Temple)
* Fuqing: Wanfu Temple
* Quanzhou: Kaiyuan Temple
* Jinjiang: Longshan Temple (Jinjiang)
* Zhangzhou: Nanshan Temple
* Ningde: Huayan Temple

South Central|

| Henan|

* Luoyang: White Horse Temple
* Dengfeng: Shaolin Temple

|

Hubei|

* Wuhan: (Guiyuan Temple, Baotong Temple)
* Huangmei County: Wuzu Temple
* Dangyang: Yuquan Temple

Hunan|

* Changsha: (Lushan Temple, Kaifu Temple)

| Mount Heng|

* Zhusheng Temple
* Fuyan Temple
* Nantai Temple
* Shangfeng Temple

|

Guangdong|

* Guangzhou: Temple of the Six Banyan Trees
* Shaoguan: Nanhua Temple
* Ruyuan County: Yunmen Temple
* Zhaoqing: Qingyun Temple
* Shantou: Lingshan Temple
* Chaozhou: Kaiyuan Temple (Chaozhou)

Southwestern|

| Guangxi|

* Guiping: Xishi Temple

|

Chongqing|

* Chongqing: (Luohan Temple, Ciyun Temple)
* Liangping County: Shuanggui Temple

Sichuan|

* Chengdu: (Zhaojue Temple, Wenshu Temple, Baoguang Temple)
* Leshan: Wuyou Temple

| Mount Emei|

* Baoguo Temple (Mount Emei)
* Wannian Temple
* Hongchunping Temple
* Xixiang Chi
* Jinding

|

Guizhou|

* Guiyang: Hongfu Temple, Qianming Temple

Yunnan|

* Kunming: (Yuantong Temple, Qiongzhu Temple, Huating Temple)
* Binchuan County: (Zhusheng Temple, Tongwadian)

Northwestern|

| Shaanxi|

* Xi'an: (Daci'en Temple, Daxingshan Temple, Wolong Temple, Guangren Temple, Xingjiao Temple, Xiangji Temple, Jingye Temple)
* Huyi District: Caotang Temple

|

Ningxia|

* Yinchuan: Haibao Pagoda Temple

* Template:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon
* Template:Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China

* v
* t
* e

Buddhist temples in China

Chinese Buddhist architecture

Architectonic elements|

* Chiwen (鴟吻)
* Hip-and-gable roof (歇山頂)
* Dougong (斗拱)
* Huilang [zh] (回廊)
* Spirit screen (影壁)
* Denglong (石燈籠)
* Terrace (台)
* Chinese pavilion (亭)
* Pagoda (塔)
* Stupa (舍利塔)
* Chinese guardian lions (石狮子)
* Heng and Ha (金剛力士/哼哈二將)

Men (gates)|

* Shanmen (Mount gate) (山門)
* Paifang (牌門)

Buildings|

* Shanmen (Hall of Mount Gate; 山門殿)
* Hall of Four Heavenly Kings (天王殿)
* Mahavira Hall (大雄寶殿)
* Bell tower (鐘樓)
* Drum tower (鼓樓)
* Dharma Hall (法堂)
* Hall of Sangharama Palace (伽藍殿)
* Hall of Guru (祖師殿)
* Hall of Kshitigarbha (地藏殿)
* Hall of Bhaisajyaguru (藥師殿)
* Hall of Guanyin (觀音殿)
* Arhat Hall (羅漢堂)
* Abbot's Room (方丈)
* Buddhist texts library (藏經閣)
* Free Life Pond (放生池)

Schools and objects of worship

Major schools|

* Chan
* Tiantai
* Huayan
* Pure Land
* Weishi
* Sanlun
* Tangmi

Chan schools|

* Linji school
* Caodong school
* Guiyang school
* Yunmen school
* Fayan school

Notable Buddhist temples in China

* Baoguang Temple
* Baoguo Temple
* Dabeilou Temple
* Dafo Temple, Xinchang
* Dafo Temple, Zhangye
* Donglin Temple
* Donglin Temple (Shanghai)
* Famen Temple
* Fawang Temple
* Fayu Temple
* Fengguo Temple
* Foguang Temple
* Geyuan Temple
* Grand Temple of Mount Heng
* Guanghua Temple
* Gufo Temple
* Guiyuan Temple
* Guoqing Temple
* Hanging Temple
* Hanshan Temple
* Huacheng Temple
* Huqiu Temple
* Jade Buddha Temple
* Jianfu Temple
* Jile Temple
* Jiming Temple
* Jing'an Temple
* Jingci Temple
* Jinge Temple
* Kaishan Temple
* Kumbum Monastery
* Linggu Temple
* Lingyan Temple
* Lingyin Temple
* Longhua Temple
* Longxing Temple
* Lake Manasarovar
* Mimi Temple
* Nanchan Temple
* Nanhua Temple
* South Putuo Temple
* Pagoda Forest at Shaolin Temple
* Palpung Monastery
* Puji Temple
* Puning Temple (Hebei)
* Puning Temple (Jiangxi)
* Putuo Zongcheng Temple
* Qiongzhu Temple
* Qixia Temple
* Shanhua Temple
* Shaolin Monastery
* Shuanglin Temple
* Spring Temple Buddha
* Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction
* Temple of Bright Filial Piety
* Temple of Great Compassion
* Temple of the Six Banyan Trees
* Tianning Temple
* Wa Sau Toi
* Wanfu Temple
* White Horse Temple
* Wolong Temple
* Xiangyan Temple
* Ximing Temple
* Xingjiao Temple
* Yanqing Temple
* Yanshan Temple
* Youguo Temple
* Zhanshan Temple
* Zhenguo Temple
* Zunsheng Temple
* Daxiangguo Temple

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