Jiujiang

Prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, China

For other uses, see Jiujiang (disambiguation).

Prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, People's Republic of China

Jiujiang

九江市

Kiukiang

Prefecture-level city

Top to bottom, left to right: Jiujiang Culture and Art Center, Pagoda of Suojiang Pavilion, Jiu Jiang victory monument, looking at Wulaofeng from Mount Lu's Pokou, Suojiang pavilion, Bali Hunan lake, Ruqin lake

Location of Jiujiang City jurisdiction in Jiangxi

Coordinates (Jiujiang municipal government): 29°39′40″N 115°57′14″E﻿ / ﻿29.661°N 115.954°E﻿ / 29.661; 115.954
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Jiangxi
Seat| Municipal seat
Government

• Party Secretary| Liu Wenhua
• Mayor| Yang Wenbin
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 18,823 km2 (7,268 sq mi)
• Urban

| 598 km2 (231 sq mi)
• Metro

| 598 km2 (231 sq mi)
Elevation

[1]

| 20 m (70 ft)
Highest elevation

(Jiuling Mountains)

| 1,794 m (5,886 ft)
Population

(2020 census)

• Prefecture-level city

| 4,600,276
• Density| 240/km2 (630/sq mi)
• Urban

| 2,814,240
• Urban density| 4,700/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
• Metro

| 1,164,268
• Metro density| 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
GDP[2]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 190.3 billion
US$ 30.5 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 39,505
US$ 6,343
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 code| CN-JX-04
Website| www.jiujiang.gov.cn/english/
Jiujiang

Chinese| 九江
Postal| Kiukang
Literal meaning| Nine Rivers
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Jiǔjiāng
Wade–Giles| Chiu-chiang
IPA| [tɕjòʊtɕjáŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Gáu-gōng
Jyutping| Gau2-gong1
Southern Min
Tâi-lô| Káu-kang

Jiujiang, formerly transliterated Kiukiang and Kew-Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city in Jiangxi and its borders include Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. Jiujiang is the fourth largest port on the Yangtze River[3][4] and was one of the first five cities that were opened to foreign trade along the Yangtze River following the implementation of Deng Xiaoping's Opening-Up Policy. It is Jiangxi's only international trade port city.

Its population was 4,600,276 inhabitants at the 2020 census, 1,164,268 of whom resided in the built-up area (metro) made up of three urban districts (aka Xunyang, Lianxi, and Chaisang).[5] In 2007, the city was named China's top ten livable cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.[6] In 2022, the State Council of China granted Jiujiang the title of Famed National Historical and Cultural City for its rich history and multiculture background in the Republican era.

## History

[edit]

The mountain range to the South of Jiujiang

### Ancient history

[edit]

In ancient times it was told that nine rivers converged near where Jiujiang sprang up to become Jiangxi's main water port today. From the Xia to the Shang dynasty, the capitals of several states were located in area of Jiujiang.[citation needed] In the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE) Jiujiang bordered between the states of Wu (downstream, to the east) and Chu (upstream, to the west).

### Imperial history

[edit]

Tao Yuanming (365–429 CE), a famous Chinese philosopher, recluse and poet, lived at the base of Mount Lu. He was once appointed magistrate of nearby Pengze County and after 83 days resigned owing to the politics involved in administering justice. He retired back to his village to pen an essay called "Peach Blossom Spring". In 757, Li Bai (701–762 CE) was implicated in the An–Shi disturbances and exiled at Jiujiang. Bai Juyi (772–846 CE) wrote a poem called "Lute Song", which is about his sadness and isolation of forced exile as a middle rank official to reside in such a small and remote town. In the 13th century Zhu Xi was a Confucian philosopher who practiced at the White Deer Grotto Academy, on Mount Lu's eastern flanks.

Jiujiang has also been known as Jiangzhou (江州) and Xunyang (浔阳) in former times. During the Jin dynasty (266–420) it was known as Sin Yang[citation needed], the Liang dynasty (502–557) of Southern and Northern Dynasties era it was called Jiangzhou. After reunification, the Sui dynasty saw its name as Jiujiang, and the Song dynasty (960–1127) called it Ting Jiang. The Ming dynasty (1368–1644), gave it Jiujiang which has retained its name to this day. It was a Taiping rebellion stronghold for five years (1850–1864) after they[who?] devastated the town to only leave one street with buildings intact. The city served as the capital of Taiping's Jiangxi province during this time.

### British concession and European settlement history

[edit]

The Jiujiang waterfront circa 1873. Former Abbey Former Japanese Consulate Former Catholic School Former Mobil Firm

#### The arrival of the Europeans

[edit]

A member of Lord Elgin's committee arriving in 1858 to survey Chinese ports for treaty status noted: "We found it to the last degree deplorable." A single dilapidated street, composed only of a few mean shops, was all that existed of this once thriving populous city. The remainder of the vast area composed within its massive walls 9–10 kilometers in circumference, contained nothing but ruins, weeds and kitchen gardens. After Jiujiang becoming an open treaty port in 1862, it was exporting Jiangxi's vast rice crop. In 1904, more than 160,000 kilos of opium were moved through its customs house. The New York Methodist Mission Society's superintendent, Virgil C. Hart, arrived in Kiukiang in 1866 and bought a piece of property just east of the city wall. This is where the city's first Methodist church and Western hospital was built, with the hospital renamed the No. 1 Hospital, and the oldest/continuous operating hospital in Jiangxi Province.[7] In 1896 Drs. Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu) and Ida Kahn (Kahn Cheng) arrived back in Jiujiang, being China's first two native female Western-educated doctors; having graduated from the University of Michigan Medical School. They were provided with funds collected by Dr. I. N. Danforth (from Chicago residents), to build the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Hospital and administered entirely by the native Chinese. This was later renamed Jiujiang Women's and Children's Hospital, and the nursing education by Drs. Stone and Kahn would later be the impetus for the founding of Jiujiang University and Jiujiang Medical School.[8]

It became one of the three centers of the tea trade in China along with Hankou and Fuzhou. The Russians had two brick tea producing factories, but ceased operations after 1917. On October 16, 1927, there was an explosion of ammunition on the Chinese troopship Kuang Yuang near Jiujiang.[9] The British surrendered their concession in 1927 after being robbed and its Chinese workers mutineered their posts to the marauding crowds. An economic recession had set in over the decades as Indian and Chelonian tea made for greater competition. A military advance was being staged upriver in Wuhan by the Kuomintang in 1927 and all the remaining expatriate community fled on British and American warships towards safer waters of Shanghai, to never return.[citation needed] Jiujiang languished as a port and much of its export trade was siphoned off with the connecting of Nanchang to coastal rail lines built in 1936–37.

#### The establishment of the British concession

[edit]

Further information: British Concession of Jiujiang

Former Taiwan Bank of Japan

After China's defeat in the Second Opium War, China and Britain signed the Treaty of Tientsin. At the beginning of the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), the British counsellor, Harry Parkes, went to the new port on the Yangtse River by naval vessel according to the treaty to investigate the situation and select the site of concession to be opened. After the concession sites of Zhenjiang and Hankou were delimit, on March 22, Harry Parkes returned to Jiujiang from Hankou and decided to open up a commercial port in Jiujiang.[10]

In the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), Zhang Jixin, general minister of Jiangxi province, signed with Harry Parkers the treaty of opening up the British concession in Jiujiang, the Treaty of Land Lease in Jiujiang. The concession was located in a narrow area on the west of Jiujiang, between the Yangtze River and Gantang Lake, to the west of Longkai River, with a length of 150 zhang from east to west and a depth of 60 zhang from south to north, covering an area of 150 acres. The southern part of the concession includes part of PenPu Port.[11]

#### The development of Kuling in Mount Lu

[edit]

Kuling poster in the 1920s

In the early 20th century, Kuling on top of Mount Lu became the summer resort for international residents because of its beautiful geological landscape and nice climate. At the golden age, over 4000 foreigners from America and European countries lived in this small town in summer time.[12]

Kuling, on the slopes of a wide valley of Mount Lu, was established in 1895 by the missionaries Edward Selby Little, Dr. Edgerton Haskell Hart and three others, as a sanitarium and rest resort for Western missionaries in southern China. They built their houses in the colonial style of architecture, and added churches, schools, and sports facilities. It was named by Little, as a pun: it is wonderfully cooling after the summer heat in the plains below. It was also a word that sounded conveniently Chinese to the local people, and has been adopted by them. Kuling was run by the missionaries in a Kuling Council that sold the plots of the land and with the proceeds paid for local services and security. In 1910, Caroline Maddock Hart and four others met to found the Nurses Association of China; with Caroline Maddock Hart being its first president.

Jiujiang, a port city on the Yangtze River

### Modern history

[edit]

In 1938, Jiujiang was occupied by Japanese forces during the Wuhan campaign. Following its capture, the city was the site of a "mini-Nanjing Massacre," where male residents were executed and women raped.[13] Many of the city's urban districts and suburban villages were razed, including the city's ceramics factories and boats used for transportation.[14]

Until 1949 Jiujiang had very little industry except for local handicrafts. Manufacturing is Jiujiang's backbone today with auto, machinery, petrochemical, shipbuilding and textiles as its cornerstones. After the completion of the Yangtze River Bridge in 1992 and the Beijing to Kowloon and Wuhan to Shanghai rail systems laid, a convenient ground corridor was provided and a regional airport now serves most of China's capital cities.

In 2005, an earthquake hit Ruichang. Kuling American School Association donated 200 sets of desks and chairs and more than 50 sets of Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary to a local primary school near Ruichang.[15][16]

## Economy

[edit]

### Economic and Technological Development Zones

[edit]

* Jiujiang Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone[17]
* Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone[18]
* Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone[19]

### Latest Ranking in the Chinese Cities

[edit]

In 2021, Jiujiang's GDP is 373.528 Billion yuan. Jiujiang's GDP ranks 70th among all Chinese cities.[20]

## Demography

[edit]

The city administers a total population of approximately 4,600,276 at the 2020 census of whom approximately 2,814,240 are urban living in the urban area.[5] The population density is 240 per km2. Han Chinese make up 99.8% of the population. Registered residents include 25 ethnic minorities. Six of them are major minorities in Jiujiang. They are: Hui, Miao, Zhuang, Tujia, and She.

Jiujiang dialect is unlike typical Gan dialect of Jiangxi. Jiujiang dialect is a variety of Lower Yangtze Mandarin and is close to Wu languages.[21]

## Climate

[edit]

Jiujiang a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from as low as −9.7 °C (14.5 °F) (though an unofficially has reached as low as −10 °C (14.0 °F) on 10 January 1931)[22] to as high as 40.9 °C (105.6 °F).

Climate data for Jiujiang, elevation 86 m (282 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 24.1
(75.4)  | 29.1
(84.4)  | 34.2
(93.6)  | 34.1
(93.4)  | 37.0
(98.6)  | 38.6
(101.5)  | 40.9
(105.6)  | 40.9
(105.6)  | 38.9
(102.0)  | 40.2
(104.4)  | 31.3
(88.3)  | 23.9
(75.0)  | 40.9
(105.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 8.0
(46.4)  | 11.0
(51.8)  | 15.5
(59.9)  | 22.1
(71.8)  | 27.1
(80.8)  | 29.8
(85.6)  | 33.7
(92.7)  | 32.6
(90.7)  | 28.7
(83.7)  | 23.5
(74.3)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 10.9
(51.6)  | 21.7
(71.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 4.9
(40.8)  | 7.5
(45.5)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | 17.8
(64.0)  | 22.8
(73.0)  | 26.1
(79.0)  | 29.7
(85.5)  | 28.7
(83.7)  | 24.8
(76.6)  | 19.6
(67.3)  | 13.3
(55.9)  | 7.3
(45.1)  | 17.8
(64.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 2.6
(36.7)  | 5.0
(41.0)  | 8.6
(47.5)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 19.5
(67.1)  | 23.3
(73.9)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 22.1
(71.8)  | 16.7
(62.1)  | 10.4
(50.7)  | 4.8
(40.6)  | 15.0
(59.0)
Record low °C (°F)  | −9.3
(15.3)  | −9.7
(14.5)  | −2.3
(27.9)  | 1.7
(35.1)  | 8.7
(47.7)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 17.6
(63.7)  | 17.8
(64.0)  | 14.3
(57.7)  | 3.9
(39.0)  | −3.9
(25.0)  | −6.7
(19.9)  | −9.7
(14.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 80.7
(3.18)  | 99.2
(3.91)  | 147.6
(5.81)  | 166.6
(6.56)  | 186.0
(7.32)  | 229.3
(9.03)  | 170.0
(6.69)  | 123.3
(4.85)  | 74.3
(2.93)  | 73.5
(2.89)  | 73.5
(2.89)  | 54.0
(2.13)  | 1,478
(58.19)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.6  | 12.4  | 15.9  | 14.5  | 13.9  | 14.1  | 10.7  | 11.2  | 8.1  | 8.5  | 10.3  | 9.4  | 141.6
Average snowy days  | 3.6  | 2.2  | 0.6  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0.1  | 1.5  | 8
Average relative humidity (%)  | 76  | 75  | 75  | 74  | 74  | 79  | 74  | 77  | 76  | 72  | 74  | 72  | 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 86.0  | 90.3  | 109.6  | 135.3  | 148.8  | 133.9  | 197.0  | 188.7  | 158.0  | 152.5  | 124.4  | 113.0  | 1,637.5
Percentage possible sunshine | 26  | 29  | 29  | 35  | 35  | 32  | 46  | 47  | 43  | 43  | 39  | 36  | 37
Source: China Meteorological Administration[23][24] Weather China[25]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

Map including Jiujiang (labeled as CHIU-CHIANG (KIUKIANG) (walled) 九江) (AMS, 1954)

* Districts:

* Xunyang District (浔阳区)
* Lianxi District (濂溪区)
* Chaisang District (柴桑区)

* Counties:

* Wuning County (武宁县)
* Xiushui County (修水县)
* Yongxiu County (永修县)
* De'an County (德安县)
* Duchang County (都昌县)
* Hukou County (湖口县)
* Pengze County (彭泽县)

* County-level city:

* Ruichang (瑞昌市)
* Gongqingcheng (共青城市). Directly administered as a sub-prefecture-level city since 1 July 2014.[26]
* Lushan (庐山市)

* Others:

* Bureau and Administration Committees

* Mount Lu Scenic Area Administration Bureau
* Mount Lu West Sea Scenic Area Management Committee
* Bali Lake New Area Management Committee
* Poyang Lake Ecological Science and Technology City Management Committee

* Towns and Sub-district Offices

* There are 235 towns and 11 sub-district offices

Map

Xunyang

Lianxi

Chaisang

Wuning
County

Xiushui
County

Yongxiu
County

De'an
County

Duchang
County

Hukou
County

Pengze
County

Ruichang
(city)

Gongqingcheng
(city)

Lushan
(city)

Poyang
Lake

## Industry

[edit]

Primary industries and tertiary sector include:[27]

* Manufacturing
* Petrochemical Refinement
* Tourism
* Import/Export (through river port)
* Agricultural Chemical Production

## Transport

[edit]

### Road

[edit]

Source:[28]

* G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway
* G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway
* Jiujiang Ring Expressway
* Chang-Jiu Expressway
* Jiu-Rui Expressway
* G45 Daguang Expressway
* Yongwu Expressway
* Penghu Expressway
* Xiu-ping Expressway
* Du-Jiu Expressway
* Dong-jiu Expressway

### Rail

[edit]

[29]

* Beijing-Kowloon
* Tongling–Jiujiang
* Hefei–Jiujiang
* Wuhan–Jiujiang
* Jiujiang–Quzhou
* Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railway
* Wuhan–Jiujiang high-speed railway
* Hefei–Anqing–Jiujiang high-speed railway

### Air

[edit]

[30]

* Jiujiang Lushan Airport (JIU)

### Port

[edit]

Jiujiang Port is the largest port in Jiangxi Province located at the junction of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway. From west to east, this port consists of five docks namely Ruichang, Chengxi, Chengqu, Hukou and Pengze. As an important port situated on the lower and middle reaches of Yangtze River and one of the 5 main ports on the river, many domestic and international marine routes have been established, In the main, the freight handled consists of mineral building materials, coals, metal and nonmetal ores and petroleum. [31]

### Yangtze Bridges

[edit]

At present, Jiujiang has two Bridges built across the Yangtze River. They are Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge and Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge. The third bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang is under construction. The fourth bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang is being designed [32] [33]

## Colleges and universities

[edit]

Jiangxi Vocational College of Finance and Economics

* University of Jiujiang: a university located in Lianxi District. The location is most easily reached by the 101 bus from the city center.[34]
* Jiangxi Vocational College of Finance and Economics: a small picturesque college located right by the lake. This college is well situated within the city.[35]
* Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College: a vocational college located in Lianxi District near University of Jiujiang.[36]
* Jiujiang Vocational University: a vocational college located in Lianxi District near University of Jiujiang.[37]
* Jiangxi Fenglin College: a vocational college located in Yongxiu county. Yongxiu county belongs to Jiujiang.[38]
* Jiujiang Vocational College of Polytechnic: a vocational college located in Jiujiang Economic and Technological Development Zone.[39]
* Gongqing Institute of Science and Technology: a vocational college located in Gongqingcheng. Gongqingcheng belongs to Jiujiang.[40]
* Gongqing College of Nanchang University: a local college located in Gongqingcheng.[41]
* Science and Technology College of Jiangxi Normal University: a local college located in Gongqingcheng.[42]
* Modern Economics and Management College of Jiangxi Finance and Economics University: a local college located in Gongqingcheng.[43]
* Science and Technology College of Nanchang Aviation University: a vocational college located in Gongqingcheng.[44]
* Science and Technology College of Nanchang University: a local college located in Gongqingcheng.[45]
* Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agriculture University: a local vocational college located in Gongqingcheng.[46]

## International relations

[edit]

### Former Diplomatic Representatives in Jiujiang

[edit]

* British Consulate General Jiujiang was established in 1861
* Japanese Consulate General Jiujiang was established on July 16, 1915

### Twin towns — Sister cities

[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in China

Jiujiang is twinned with: [47]

* Baw Baw, Australia
* Chios, Greece
* Jeongseon, South Korea
* Kajaani, Finland
* Koper, Slovenia
* Legionowo, Poland
* Louisville, United States
* La Plata, Argentina
* Queimados, Brazil
* Redbridge, England, United Kingdom
* Savannah, United States
* Serowe, Botswana
* Tamano, Japan

## Tourism

[edit]

Nanshan Park

* Mount Lu: one of the most famous mountains in China. It is located in the south of the urban center and listed as a World Heritage Site.[48]
* Mount Lu Geopark: is located on Mount Lu. In 1996, Mount Lu became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2004, the Mount Lu Geopark became a member of Global Geoparks Network. Mount Lu Geopark is a place of striking beauty. It has spectacular peaks, lakes, cliffs, waterfalls and important Buddhist and Taoist temples.[49]
* Kuling: as a homonym for cooling. It is a mountain town in the Mount Lu National Park. It was established in 1895 by the missionaries Edward Selby Little, Dr. Edgerton Haskell Hart and three others, as a sanitarium and summer resort for Western missionaries in southern China.[50]
* British Concession Museum: located on Binjiang road. It was established by local government from transforming buildings left from the former British Concession of Jiujiang.[51][circular reference]
* Yuliang South Road Historical and Cultural Block: a street combines Chinese and Western cultures. Beside the street are:[52]
* the old Catholic school
* the old monastery
* the Catholic church
* Taling Park
* the old Perkins Villa
* Nengren temple
* Western Goods Exhibition Window
* Lushan Hotspring: located in Hotspring town, Lushan City. Lushan City is a county-level city belong to Jiujiang.[53]
* Haiyun Sand Beach: located in Balihu Park. It is the only high standard man-made beach in Jiangxi Province. It is a famous scenic spot and entertainment resort in Jiujiang.[54]
* Xunyang River Scenic Area: located on Binjiang Road in Xunyang District. It is near shoreline of the Yangtze River. Covering an area of some 765 acres (around 509,490 sqm), with distance of 5.2 km long from east to west. It is only 4.5 km away from Jiujiang Station, 1.6 km away from Fuzhou-Yinchuan Expressway, and about an hour's drive from Changbei Airport. Its rich tourism resources include river, ancient building, garden and museum as follows:[55]
* Pipa Pavilion
* Xunyang Tower
* Suojiang Pagoda
* British Concession Museum
* Baishui Lake Park
* Xunyang River Cruise Ship
* Mount Lu West Sea: is located about 90 kilometers to the south of Mount Lu. It is National 5-Star Scenic Spot. There are thousands of islands in the area just like Maldives. In 2007, between June and August, American reality program Survivor filmed its fifteenth season, Survivor: China, in the area. The program host Jeff Probst claimed that this was the first American television series filmed entirely in China.[56]
* Nanshan Park (南山公园): completed in early 2013. This park, home to a new pagoda, is covered in flora and lights up the Jiujiang sky at night.[57]
* Yanshui Pavilion: located in city center, near Gantang lake. It is a well known scenic spot in Jiujiang.[58]
* Donglin Temple: a Buddhist temple located at foot of Mount Lu. It is built by Huiyuan (Buddhist), founder of Pure Land Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism later spread to Japan and gained its prominence there. In 1175, Hōnen established Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan known as Jōdo-shū. Pure Land schools have nearly 40 percent of Japanese Buddhism practitioners, only second to Chan schools.[59][60]
* The temple provide free vegetarian lunch and free guest house. Visitors can stay at guest house in temple for free up to three days. The guest house is gender separated, and visitors have to share room with others.[60]
* Donglin Buddha: the world's tallest statue of Amitabha Buddha. Total cost is about 1 billion Yuan. Surface of the Buddha is plated with 48 kilograms of gold. Buddha height is 48 meters tall, representing the forty-eighth vows of Amitabha Buddha. Total height is 81 meters.[61][62]
* Mount Lu Four Seasons Flower City (Botanical Garden): located in Bali lake New Area. It is Jiujiang's largest flower plant park.[63]
* Stone Bell Hill: just downriver from Jiujiang is Hukou where the Yangtze River and waters of Boyang Lake converge with an abrupt color change. People have been coming here for centuries to listen to the stone-bell sound resonating from the cliffs overlooking this spot. A few theories are provided why this rare geographical phenomenon happens. Li Daoyuan from the Northern Wei period (386–534) theorizes that it is because the hill has a bell-shaped appearance and hollow inside, thus providing the sound when struck. Or it may be because of the water lapping within the limestone nooks and fissures around its base, as famous litterateur from the same time Su Shui discovered. Su Dongpo also did three trips around its perimeter, before settling on this last explanation for its unique sound also. Many Chinese literati's have left more than twenty calligraphy masterpieces carved upon its rocks, with some dating back to the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE).[64]

## Notable residents

[edit]

* Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu) (1873–1954), one of the first western trained Chinese female physicians. Founder of Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Hospital (now called Jiujiang Women and Children's Hospital) in Jiujiang.[65][66]
* Lo-Yi Chang (1907–1988), was born in Kuling, Mount Lu. She was spouse of T.V. Soong, then Premier of the Republic of China. She has made a significant contribution to the promotion of China overseas.[67]
* Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973), was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China, in 1938. She also won Pulitzer Prize in 1932. She spent her childhood with her family in Kuling in summer time. Her father built a stone villa in Kuling in 1897, and lived there until his death in 1931.[68][69]
* Masato Matsuura [ja] (松浦正人) (1942– ), born in Jiujiang. He was a Japanese politician. He served as Hōfu mayor and president of National Mayors Association of Japan.[70][71] In 2018, then Hōfu mayor and president of National Mayors Association of Japan (NMAJ), Masato Matsuura (松浦正人), led a delegation of NMAJ visited former Japanese consulate of Jiujiang. Masato Matsuura said :I was born in the former Japanese consulate of Jiujiang. Jiujiang is my second hometown. I am deeply attached to the beautiful landscape here.[72]
* Chiang Yee (1903–1977), born in Jiujiang. He was a Chinese poet, author, painter and calligrapher. His translation of Coca Cola is remembered by all Chinese.[73]
* Mervyn Peake (1911–1968), born in Kuling, Mount Lu. He was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He was well known for being the illustrator of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.[74]
* Maggie Mac Neil (2000- ), born in Jiujiang and adopted to Canada at an early age[75]
* Sylvia Wu (1915–2022), born in Kiukiang and later became a Los Angeles restaurateur and a writer.
* Ilien Tang (died 1920), Methodist missionary educator born in Jiujiang[76]

## See also

[edit]

* Taqibu

## References

[edit]

1. ^ 地理交通 [Geography and transport] (in Simplified Chinese). Jiujiang People's Government. Archived from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
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3. ^ "改革开放40年：九江港成为名副其实的"亿吨大港"". Jiujiang News Network. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
4. ^ ""百年老港"江西九江港稳固亿吨大港地位". Sohu.com. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
5. ^ a b "九江市第七次全国人口普查公报" (PDF). Jiujiang Statistics Bureau Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
6. ^ "China's Top 10 Most Livable Cities". hnloudi.gov.cn. Hunan Loudi Official Government. 2012-03-28. Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
7. ^ "Man On A Mission" by Stanley Crawford
8. ^ "The Middle Kingdom's Miracle Maidens" by Stanley Crawford
9. ^ "1,200 Die as Yangtse Troopship Blows Up". The New York Times. October 17, 1926.
10. ^ Bickers, R., & Jackson, I. (2016). Introduction: law, land and power: treaty ports and concessions in modern China. In Treaty Ports in Modern China (pp. 11–32). Routledge.
11. ^ Bickers, R. (2013). 8. British Concessions and Chinese Cities, 1910s–1930s. In New Narratives of Urban Space in Republican Chinese Cities (pp. 155–195). Brill.
12. ^ Nield, R. (2015). China’s Foreign Places: The Foreign Presence in China in the Treaty Port Era, 1840–1943. Hong Kong University Press.
13. ^ Mitter, Rana (2013). Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 165.
14. ^ Harmsen, Peter (2018). Storm Clouds Over the Pacific, 1931–1941 (War in the Far East). Casemate. pp. 150–151.
15. ^ "牯岭芝罘学校外籍校友阔别60多年重游庐山". Jiujiang News Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
16. ^ "Kuling American School Association美国学堂". Kuling American School Association Website. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
17. ^ "九江综合保税区". Jiujiang Free Trade Zone Website. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
18. ^ "九江国家级经济技术开发区". Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone Website. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
19. ^ "九江共青城国家高新技术产业开发区". Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
20. ^ "2021年中国城市GDP百强榜". tencent.com. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
21. ^ Lin, Xianlian (2019-03-26). "zh:九江方言的前世今生" [The Past and Present Life of Jiujiang Dialect]. www.zgdazxw.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-06-08.
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23. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
24. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
25. ^ 九江市 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
26. ^ 共青城市被列入省直管县改革试点 (in Simplified Chinese). People.com.cn. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
27. ^ "产业". Jiujiang People's Government Website. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
28. ^ "公路". Jiujiang Government Website. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
29. ^ "铁路". Jiujiang Government Website. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
30. ^ "机场". Jiujiang Government Website. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
31. ^ "港口". Jiujiang Government Website. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
32. ^ "大桥". Jiujiang Government Website. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
33. ^ "九江长江大桥". China-qiao.com. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
34. ^ "九江学院". Jiujiang University Website. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
35. ^ "江西财经职业学院". Jiangxi Vocational College of Finance & Economics Website. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
36. ^ "九江职业技术学院". Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College Website. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2021-07-19.
37. ^ "九江职业大学". Jiujiang Vocational University Website. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
38. ^ "江西枫林涉外经贸职业学院". Jiangxi Fenglin College of Foreign Economy & Trade Website. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
39. ^ "九江理工职业技术学院". Jiujiang Vocational College of Polytechnic Website. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
40. ^ "共青职业技术学院". Gongqing Institute of Science and Technology Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
41. ^ "南昌大学共青学院". Gongqing College of Nanchang Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
42. ^ "江西师范大学科学技术学院". Science and Technology College of Jiangxi Normal University. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
43. ^ "江西财经大学现代经济管理学院". Modern Economics and Management College of Jiangxi Finance and Economics University Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
44. ^ "南昌航空大学科学技术学院". Science and Technology College of Nanchang Aviation University Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
45. ^ "南昌大学共青学院". Science and Technology College of Nanchang University Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
46. ^ "江西农业大学南昌商学院". Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agriculture University Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
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48. ^ "Mount Lu Scenic Area". Trip.com. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
49. ^ "Mt. Lushan National Park". Tripadvisory.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
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51. ^ British Concession in Jiujiang
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59. ^ "Donglin Temple". Trip.com. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
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61. ^ "Donglin Buddha". Trip.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
62. ^ "东林大佛". Donglin Temple Website. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
63. ^ "九江四季花城". Jiujiang News Network. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
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67. ^ 池昕鸿 (22 July 2015). "国内名人传记丛书（套装共6册）". books.google. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
68. ^ "赛兆祥墓碑". mylushan.com. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
69. ^ "Pearl S. Buck house in Zhenjiang". Retrieved 22 July 2021.
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73. ^ Huang, Shuchen S., "Chiang Yee", in Asian-American Autobiographers: a bio-bibliographical critical sourcebook, edited by Guiyou Huang, Greenwood Press, 2001. ISBN 0-313-31408-X.
74. ^ Carroll, Lewis (12 October 2001). Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 1582341745.
75. ^ Tang, Didi (2021-07-27). "Maggie Mac Neil's Olympic gold for Canada thrusts China's one-child policy back into spotlight". The Times. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
76. ^ Honsinger, Welthy B., "Ilien Tang" Woman's Missionary Friend 52(20)(August 1920): 285.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jiujiang.

* People's Government of Jiujiang (Chinese language) Archived 2007-02-28 at the Wayback Machine
* Mount Lu Website (Chinese language) Archived 2011-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Jiujiang News Network (Chinese language) Archived 2021-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
* Kuling American School Association

* v
* t
* e

Jiangxi topics

Nanchang (capital)

General|

* History
* Chinese Soviet Republic
* Jiangxi Soviet
* Politics
* Economy

Geography|

* Cities
* Mufu Mountains
* Jiuling Mountains
* Luoxiao Mountains
* Wuyi Mountains
* Gan River
* Poyang Lake
* Yangtze River
* Xiushui River

Education|

* Jiangxi Normal University
* East China University of Technology
* Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
* Jiangxi Agricultural University
* Jinggangshan University
* Jiujiang University
* Nanchang University
* Nanchang Hangkong University

Culture|

* Culture of Jiangxi
* Gan Chinese (Nanchang dialect, Yichun dialect)
* Music
* Ganju opera
* Tea-picking opera
* Nuo opera
* Architecture
* Jingdezhen porcelain
* Jizhou ware
* Cuisine
* Anfu ham
* Religion
* Pure Land Buddhism
* Hakka culture (language, architecture)

Visitor attractions|

* Donglin Temple
* Pavilion of Prince Teng
* Mount Lu
* National Park
* Zhelin Reservoir

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Jiangxi Province

Nanchang (capital)

Prefecture-level cities|

| Nanchang|

* Donghu District
* Xihu District
* Qingyunpu District
* Qingshanhu District
* Xinjian District
* Honggutan District
* Nanchang County
* Anyi County
* Jinxian County

|

Jingdezhen|

* Zhushan District
* Changjiang District
* Leping city
* Fuliang County

Pingxiang|

* Anyuan District
* Xiangdong District
* Lianhua County
* Shangli County
* Luxi County

Jiujiang|

* Xunyang District
* Lianxi District
* Chaisang District
* Gongqingcheng city
* Ruichang city
* Lushan city
* Wuning County
* Xiushui County
* Yongxiu County
* De'an County
* Duchang County
* Hukou County
* Pengze County

Xinyu|

* Yushui District
* Fenyi County

Yingtan|

* Yuehu District
* Yujiang District
* Guixi city

Ganzhou|

* Zhanggong District
* Nankang District
* Ganxian District
* Ruijin city
* Longnan city
* Xinfeng County
* Dayu County
* Shangyou County
* Chongyi County
* Anyuan County
* Dingnan County
* Quannan County
* Ningdu County
* Yudu County
* Xingguo County
* Huichang County
* Xunwu County
* Shicheng County

Ji'an|

* Jizhou District
* Qingyuan District
* Jinggangshan city
* Ji'an County
* Yongfeng County
* Yongxin County
* Xingan County
* Taihe County
* Xiajiang County
* Suichuan County
* Anfu County
* Jishui County
* Wan'an County

Yichun|

* Yuanzhou District
* Fengcheng city
* Zhangshu city
* Gao'an city
* Tonggu County
* Jing'an County
* Yifeng County
* Fengxin County
* Wanzai County
* Shanggao County

Fuzhou|

* Linchuan District
* Dongxiang District
* Nanfeng County
* Le'an County
* Jinxi County
* Nancheng County
* Zixi County
* Yihuang County
* Guangchang County
* Lichuan County
* Chongren County

Shangrao|

* Xinzhou District
* Guangfeng District
* Guangxin District
* Dexing city
* Poyang County
* Wuyuan County
* Yanshan County
* Yugan County
* Hengfeng County
* Yiyang County
* Yushan County
* Wannian County

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

* v
* t
* e

Cities along the Yangtze

Province-level|

Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches)

Yunnan|

* Lijiang
* (Sichuan see below)
* Dongchuan

Sichuan|

* Panzhihua
* (Yunnan see above)
* Yibin
* Luzhou

Chongqing|

* Jiangjin
* Central Chongqing
* Fuling
* Wanzhou

Hubei|

* Yichang
* Yidu
* Zhijiang
* Songzi
* Jingzhou
* Shishou
* (Hunan see below)
* Honghu
* Chibi
* Wuhan
* Ezhou
* Huangshi
* Huanggang
* Wuxue

Hunan|

* Yueyang
* Linxiang

Jiangxi|

* Ruichang
* Jiujiang

Anhui|

* Anqing
* Chizhou
* Tongling
* Wuhu
* Ma'anshan

Jiangsu|

* Nanjing
* Yizheng
* Jurong
* Zhenjiang
* Yangzhou
* Taizhou
* Yangzhong
* Taixing
* Danyang
* Changzhou
* Jingjiang
* Jiangyin
* Zhangjiagang
* Rugao
* Nantong
* Changshu
* Taicang
* Haimen
* Qidong

Shanghai|

* Baoshan
* Pudong

Major cities along the Pearl River · Major cities along the Yellow River

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Japan
* Spain
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* NARA
* Yale LUX

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