Joanna of Bavaria

Queen of Germany and Bohemia from 1370 to 1386

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Joanna of Bavaria

Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia
Tenure| 1370–1386

Born| 1356
The Hague (?)
Died| 31 December 1386 (aged 30-31)
Prague
Burial|

Prague Castle

Spouse|

Wenceslaus, King of Germany and Bohemia

(m. 1370)​

House| House of Wittelsbach
Father| Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
Mother| Margaret of Brieg

Joanna of Bavaria (1356/1362 – 31 December 1386), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Queen of Germany from 1376 and Queen of Bohemia from 1378 until her death, by her marriage with the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus.[1]

## Life

[edit]

Presumably born in The Hague, Joanna was the second child of Duke Albert I of Bavaria (1336–1404), by his first wife Margaret (1342–1386), a daughter of the Piast duke Louis I of Brzeg. Her siblings included Count William VI of Holland, Johanna Sophia of Bavaria and Margaret of Bavaria. Her paternal grandparents were Emperor Louis IV and his consort Countess Margaret II of Hainaut.

Joanna's itinerary to the Prague court, 1370

From August 1370 Joanna travelled to Prague, where she was married on 29 September 1370 to Wenceslaus, son and heir of Emperor Charles IV by his third wife, Anna of Swidnica. The emperor had to obtain a papal dispense due to the close relatedness of the couple. The marriage was not consummated until 1376.

The conjugal bond suited the Luxembourg ruler to strengthen ties with the Bavarian duke, who held extensive estates in the Low Countries; nevertheless, Joanna was not the first choice of a bride for Wenceslaus. Charles IV had initially planned for him to marry the Hohenzollern princess Elisabeth of Nuremberg, but the marriage never took place, since Elisabeth married Rupert of the Palatinate instead.

Charles had his son elected King of the Romans in 1376 and upon his death in 1378, Wenceslaus also inherited the Kingdom of Bohemia. With Wenceslaus' accession, Joanna became Queen of both Bohemia and Germany. She also became Electress of Brandenburg as successor to Wenceslaus' half-sister Catherine.

## Death

[edit]

The marriage lasted for sixteen years, however the couple had no children. Joanna died in 1386 at the age of thirty or thirty-one,[2]. According to the letter by Milanese emissaries from 3 January 1387, she died from chronic lung disease, most likely tuberculosis.[3]

Wenceslaus gave Johanna a magnificent funeral, which took place at Žebrák castle. According to custom, Joanna's body was exposed for a few days in Prague churches and was later buried in Prague Castle.

Wenceslaus later married Joanna's cousin, Sofia of Bavaria, but this marriage also bore no issue. Wenceslaus was deposed from the throne of Germany in 1400 and was succeeded by Elisabeth of Nuremberg's husband, Rupert.

## Ancestors

[edit]

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Ancestors of Joanna of Bavaria

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16\. Otto II, Duke of Bavaria

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| 8\. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|

|  |  |
| 17\. Agnes of the Palatinate

| 4\. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|

|  |  |  |  |
| 18\. Rudolf I of Germany

| 9\. Matilda of Habsburg|

|  |  |
| 19\. Gertrude of Hohenberg

| 2\. Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20\. John II, Count of Hainaut

| 10\. William I, Count of Hainaut|

|  |  |
| 21\. Philippa of Luxembourg

| 5\. Margaret II, Countess of Hainault|

|  |  |  |  |
| 22\. Charles of Valois

| 11\. Joan of Valois|

|  |  |
| 23\. Margaret, Countess of Anjou

| 1\. Joanna of Bavaria|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 24\. Henry V, Duke of Legnica

| 12\. Bolesław III the Generous|

|  |  |
| 25\. Elisabeth of Kalisz

| 6\. Ludwik I the Fair|

|  |  |  |  |
| 26\. Wenceslaus II of Bohemia

| 13\. Margaret of Bohemia|

|  |  |
| 27\. Judith of Habsburg[4]

| 3\. Margaret of Brieg|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 28\. Henry III, Duke of Głogów

| 14\. Henry IV the Faithful|

|  |  |
| 29\. Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg

| 7\. Agnes of Głogów|

|  |  |  |  |
| 30\. Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel

| 15\. Matilda of Brandenburg|

|  |  |
| 31\. Anne of Austria

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## References and sources

[edit]

1. ^ N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-161-2.
2. ^ Czech Wikipedia
3. ^ Schmidt, Ondřej (2021). "Lovečtí psi, mor a další nemoci : smrt královny Johany Bavorské ve světle nově objeveného italského pramene". Husitský Tábor (1): 189–208. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
4. ^ Suckale, Robert; Crossley, Paul (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 16\. ISBN 9781588391612. Retrieved 23 October 2018.

* Translated article from Czech Wikipedia
* Jeanne von Wittelsbach [permanent dead link]

German royalty

Preceded by

Elizabeth of Pomerania

|  Queen consort of Germany
1376 – 1386  | Vacant

Title next held by

Sofia of Bavaria
Queen consort of Bohemia
1378 – 1386

* v
* t
* e

Queens and empresses of Germany

East Francia during the
Carolingian dynasty (843–911)|

* Hemma
* Liutgard of Saxony
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East Francia (911–919)
Kingdom of Germany (919–962)|

* Cunigunde of Swabia
* Matilda of Ringelheim
* Eadgyth
* Adelaide of Italy

Kingdom of Germany within the
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)|

* Adelaide of Italy
* Theophanu
* Cunigunde of Luxembourg
* Gisela of Swabia
* Gunhilda of Denmark
* Agnes of Poitou
* Bertha of Savoy
* Eupraxia of Kiev
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* Richenza of Northeim
* Gertrude of Comburg
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* Adelaide of Vohburg
* Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
* Constance I of Sicily
* Irene Angelina
* Beatrice of Swabia
* Constance of Aragon
* Margaret of Austria
* Isabella II of Jerusalem
* Isabella of England
* Bianca Lancia
* Elisabeth of Bavaria
* Gertrude of Hohenberg
* Isabella of Burgundy
* Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg
* Elisabeth of Carinthia
* Margaret of Brabant
* Beatrice of Silesia
* Isabella of Aragon
* Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
* Blanche of Valois
* Anne of Bavaria
* Anna von Schweidnitz
* Elizabeth of Pomerania
* Joanna of Bavaria
* Sophia of Bavaria
* Elisabeth of Nuremberg
* Barbara of Cilli
* Elizabeth of Luxembourg
* Eleanor of Portugal
* Bianca Maria Sforza
* Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Maria of Austria
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German Empire (1871–1918)|

* Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
* Victoria of the United Kingdom
* Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

* v
* t
* e

Royal consorts of Bohemia

Přemyslid|

| c. 870–1198 (Duchesses)|

* Ludmila of Bohemia
* Drahomíra
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* Emma of Mělník
* Božena
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* Adelaide of Hungary
* Świętosława of Poland1
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* Richeza of Berg
* Adelaide of Hungary
* Gertrude of Babenberg
* Judith of Thuringia1
* Elizabeth of Hungary
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* Hellicha of Wittelsbach

|

1198–1306 (Queens)|

* Adelaide of Meissen
* Constance of Hungary
* Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen
* Margaret of Austria
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* Judith of Habsburg
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Non-dynastic|

| 1306–1310|

* Anne of Bohemia
* Elizabeth Richeza of Poland

|

Luxembourg|

| 1310–1437|

* Elizabeth of Bohemia
* Beatrice of Bourbon
* Blanche of Valois
* Anne of Bavaria
* Anna von Schweidnitz
* Elizabeth of Pomerania
* Joanna of Bavaria
* Sophia of Bavaria
* Barbara of Cilli

|

Habsburg|

| 1437–1457|

* Elizabeth of Luxembourg

|

Non-dynastic|

| 1457–1471|

* Joanna of Rožmitál

|

Jagiellonian|

| 1471–1526|

* Barbara of Brandenburg
* Beatrice of Naples
* Anne of Foix-Candale
* Mary of Hungary

|

Habsburg|

| 1526–1780|

* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
* Maria of Austria
* Anna of Tyrol
* Elizabeth Stuart
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Maria Anna of Spain
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Margaret Theresa of Spain
* Claudia Felicitas of Austria
* Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
* Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
* Maria Amalia

|

Habsburg-Lorraine|

| 1780–1918|

* Maria Luisa of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
* Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
* Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
* Maria Anna of Savoy
* Elisabeth of Bavaria
* Zita of Bourbon-Parma

|

* 1 also titled Queen of Bohemia

* v
* t
* e

Electresses of Brandenburg

* Cunigunde of Poland (1356–1357)
* Ingeborg of Mecklenburg (1365–1395)
* Catherine of Bohemia (1366–1373)
* Joanna of Bavaria (1373–1378)
* Maria, Queen of Hungary (1387–1388)
* Agnes of Opole (1388–1411)
* Barbara of Cilli (1411–1415)
* Elisabeth of Bavaria (1415–1440)
* Catherine of Saxony (1470–1476)
* Anna of Saxony (1471–1486)
* Margaret of Saxony (1486–1499)
* Elizabeth of Denmark (1499–1535)
* Hedwig Jagiellon (1535–1571)
* Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1571–1575)
* Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst (1577–1598)
* Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin (1598–1602)
* Eleanor of Prussia (1603–1607)
* Duchess Anna of Prussia (1608–1619)
* Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1619–1640)
* Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau (1646–1667)
* Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1668–1688)
* Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (1688–1705)
* Duchess Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1708–1713)
* Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (1713–1740)
* Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1740–1786)
* Landgravine Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (1786–1797)
* Princess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1797–1806)

* v
* t
* e

Consorts of Luxembourg

County of Luxemburg (963–1354)

| Elder House of Luxembourg
(963–1136)|

* Hedwig of Nordgau
* Clementia of Aquitaine
* Mathilde of Northeim
* Ermengarde of Zutphen

|
|

House of Namur
(1136–1189)|

* Laurette of Flanders
* Agnes of Guelders

House of Hohenstaufen
(1196–1197)|

* Margaret, Countess of Blois

House of Namur
(1197–1247)|

* None

House of Limburg
(1247–1354)|

* Margaret of Bar
* Beatrice of Avesnes
* Margaret of Brabant
* Elizabeth of Bohemia
* Beatrice of Bourbon
* Blanche of Valois
* Anne of Bavaria
* Anna von Schweidnitz
* Joanna, Duchess of Brabant

Duchy of Luxemburg (1354–1794)

| House of Limburg
(1354–1443)|

* Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
* Joanna of Bavaria
* Agnes of Opole

|
|

House of Valois-Burgundy
(1443–1482)|

* Isabella of Portugal
* Margaret of York

House of Habsburg
(1482–1700)|

* Joanna of Castile
* Isabella of Portugal
* Mary I of England
* Elisabeth of Valois
* Anna of Austria
* Elisabeth of France
* Mariana of Austria
* Marie Louise d'Orléans
* Maria Anna of Neuburg

House of Bourbon
(1700–1712)|

* Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy

House of Wittelsbach
(1712–1713)|

* Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska

House of Habsburg
(1713–1780)|

* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

House of Habsburg-Lorraine
(1780–1794)|

* Maria Luisa of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (since 1815)

| House of Orange-Nassau
(1815–1890)|

* Wilhelmine of Prussia
* Anna Pavlovna of Russia
* Sophie of Württemberg
* Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont

|
|

House of Nassau-Weilburg
(1890–present)|

* Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
* Marie Anne of Portugal
* Felix of Bourbon-Parma
* Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium
* María Teresa Mestre y Batista-Falla

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

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People|

* Deutsche Biographie

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