Joanna of Bourbon

Queen of France from 1364 to 1378

Joanna of Bourbon

Joanna in the Parement de Narbonne, c. 1375

Queen consort of France
Tenure| 8 April 1364 – 6 February 1378
Coronation| 1 June 1364

Born| 3 February 1338
Vincennes, France
Died| 6 February 1378(1378-02-06) (aged 40)
Paris, France
Burial|

Basilique Saint-Denis

Spouse|

Charles V of France

(m. 1350)​

Issue|

* Charles VI, King of France
* Louis I, Duke of Orléans
* Catherine, Countess of Montpensier

House| Bourbon
Father| Peter I, Duke of Bourbon
Mother| Isabella of Valois

Joanna of Bourbon (Jeanne de Bourbon; 3 February 1338 - 6 February 1378) was Queen of France by marriage to King Charles V. She acted as his political adviser and was appointed potential regent in case of a minor regency.

## Life

[edit]

### Early life

[edit]

Born in the Château de Vincennes, Joanna was a daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, and Isabella of Valois,[1] a half-sister of Philip VI of France.

From October 1340 through at least 1343, negotiations and treaties were made for Joanna to marry Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy.[2] The goal was to bring Savoy more closely into French influence.[2] Following this, she was betrothed to Humbert, Dauphin of Viennois, which also fell through.[3]

### Queen

[edit]

On 8 April 1350, Joanna married her cousin, the future Charles V of France, at Tain-l'Hermitage.[1] Since they were first cousins once removed, their marriage required a papal dispensation.[1] Born thirteen days apart, they both were 12 years old. When Charles ascended the throne in 1364, Joanna became queen of France. Charles sometimes confided in Joanna on political and cultural issues and relied on her advice.

Joanna was described as mentally fragile, and after the birth of her son Louis in 1373, she suffered a complete mental breakdown.[4] This deeply worried Charles V, who made a pilgrimage and offered many prayers for her recovery.[4] When she did recover and regained her normal state of mind in 1373, Charles V appointed her legal guardian of the heir to the throne should he die when his son and heir was still a minor.[4]

### Death and burial

[edit]

Joanna died at the royal residence Hôtel Saint-Pol in Paris, on 6 February 1378 three days after her 40th birthday, and two days after the birth of her youngest child, Catherine.[1] Froissart[5] recorded that Joanna took a bath against her physicians' advice. Soon after, she went into labour and died two days after giving birth. The king was devastated. Her heart was buried in the Cordeliers Convent and her entrails in the Couvent des Célestins. The Couvent des Célestins in Paris was the most important royal necropolis after the Basilica of St Denis. The rest of her remains were then placed at Saint-Denis.

## Issue

[edit]

Joanna and Charles had eight[1] or nine[6] children. Two of them reached adulthood:

1. Joanna (end September 1357[a] – 21 October 1360, Saint Antoine-des-Champs Abbey, Paris[b]), interred at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs Abbey.
2. Bonne (1358 – 7 November 1360, Palais Royal, Paris[c]), interred beside her older sister.[d]
3. Joanna (Château de Vincennes, 6 June 1366[e] – 21 December 1366, Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris[f]), interred at Saint Denis Basilica.
4. Charles VI (3 December 1368 – 22 October 1422), King of France.[13]
5. Marie (Paris, 27 February 1370 – June 1377, Paris).
6. Louis (13 March 1372 – 23 November 1407), Duke of Orléans.[13]
7. Isabella (Paris, 24 July 1373 – 23 February 1378, Paris).
8. John (1374/76 – died young).[g]
9. Catherine (Paris, 4 February 1378 – November 1388, buried at Abbaye De Maubuisson, France), m. John of Berry, Count of Montpensier (son of John, Duke of Berry).[14]

## Ancestry

[edit]

Ancestors of Joanna of Bourbon

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8\. Robert, Count of Clermont

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 4\. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon|

|  |  |
| 9\. Beatrice, Lady of Bourbon

| 2\. Peter I, Duke of Bourbon|

|  |  |  |  |
| 10\. John II, Count of Holland

| 5\. Mary of Avesnes|

|  |  |
| 11\. Philippa of Luxembourg

| 1\. Joanna of Bourbon|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12\. Philip III of France

| 6\. Charles, Count of Valois|

|  |  |
| 13\. Isabella of Aragon

| 3\. Isabella of Valois|

|  |  |  |  |
| 14\. Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol

| 7\. Mahaut of Châtillon|

|  |  |
| 15\. Marie of Brittany

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ News of "l’accouchement madame la duchesse de Normandie" was brought to her husband on 30 September 1357.[7]
2. ^ An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death at the Abbey on 21 October 1360 of "madame Jehanne aisnée fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume..."[8]
3. ^ An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death "au palais" on 7 November 1360 of "madame Bonne seconde fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume...".[9]
4. ^ The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial on 12 November 1360 of "les deux filles du duc de Normandie" at "Saint-Anthoine près de Paris".[10]
5. ^ The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that 7 June 1366 "la royne de France...Jehanne fille du duc de Bourbon" gave birth to "une fille au Bois de Vincennes...Jehanne".[11]
6. ^ The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death on 21 December 1366 of "madame Jehanne fille du...roy de France Charles...en l’ostel de la Conciergerie de l’ostel du Roy...près de Saint-Pol" and her burial "en l’eglise Saint-Denis en France".[12]
7. ^ Le Laboureur records that Charles V had "trois fils, dont le dernier nommé Jean estant mort en enfance", adding that "il n’en est fait aucune mention dans les histoires" but without noting his own source on which he bases the information.[6]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e Hand 2013, p. 16.
2. ^ a b Cox 1967, p. 57.
3. ^ Hand 2013, p. 46.
4. ^ a b c Tuchman 2011, p. 297.
5. ^ J. A. Buchon, Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises écrites en langue vulgaire du treizième au seizième siècle, Chroniques de Froissart, Tome VII, Verdière, Libraire, Paris, 1824, p. 61
6. ^ a b Le Laboureur 1663, p. 4.
7. ^ Petit 1905, p. 88, vol. IX, footnote 2.
8. ^ Raunié 1890, p. 133, vol. I, 210.
9. ^ Raunié 1890, p. 134, vol. I, 211.
10. ^ Delachenal 1910, p. 330, vol. I.
11. ^ Delachenal 1910, p. 20, vol. II.
12. ^ Delachenal 1910, p. 25, vol. II.
13. ^ a b Keane 2016, p. 17.
14. ^ Guicciardini 1969, p. 136.

## Sources

[edit]

* Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 57. LCCN 67-11030.
* Delachenal, Roland (1910). Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V: 1364-1380 (in French). Paris: H. Laurens.
* Guicciardini, Francesco (1969). The History of Italy. Translated by Alexander, Sidney. Princeton University Press.
* Hand, Joni M. (2013). Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350-1550. Ashgate Publishing.
* Keane, Marguerite (2016). Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398). Brill.
* Le Laboureur, Jean (1663). Histoire De Charles VI. Roy de France (in French). Paris: Billaine.
* Petit, Ernest [in French] (1905). Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capétienne (in French). Paris: Libraire Le Chevalier.
* Raunié, Émile (1890). "Épitaphier du vieux Paris". Histoire générale de Paris (in French). Paris: Impr. nationale. OCLC 910306761.
* Tuchman, Barbara W. (2011). A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century. Random House Publishing Group.

## External links

[edit]

* Biography portal

Media related to Joanna of Bourbon at Wikimedia Commons

Joanna of Bourbon

House of Bourbon

Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty

Born: 3 February 1338 Died: 6 February 1378

French royalty
Vacant

Title last held by

Joanna I of Auvergne |  Queen consort of France
1364–1378  | Vacant

Title next held by

Isabeau of Bavaria

* v
* t
* e

Royal consorts of France

* List of Frankish queens
* List of French royal consorts

Merovingians (509–751)|

* Clotilde
* Ultragotha
* Guntheuc
* Radegund
* Ingund
* Aregund
* Ingoberga
* Merofleda
* Marcovefa
* Theudechild
* Austregilde
* Audovera
* Galswintha
* Fredegund
* Brunhilda of Austrasia
* Bertrude
* Sichilde
* Gomentrude
* Nanthild
* Ragintrudis
* Wulfefundis
* Bertechildis
* Balthild of Chelles
* Bilichild
* Chrothildis

Carolingians,
Robertians and Bosonids (751–987)|

* Bertrada of Laon
* Gerberga
* Desiderata of the Lombards
* Hildegard
* Fastrada
* Luitgard
* Ermengarde of Hesbaye
* Judith of Bavaria
* Ermentrude of Orléans
* Richilde of Provence
* Adelaide of Paris
* Richardis
* Théodrate of TroyesR
* Frederuna
* Eadgifu of Wessex
* Beatrice of VermandoisR
* Emma of FranceB
* Gerberga of Saxony
* Emma of Italy

House of Capet (987–1328)|

* Adelaide of Aquitaine
* Rozala of Italy
* Bertha of Burgundy
* Constance of Arles
* Matilda of Frisia
* Anne of Kiev
* Bertha of Holland
* Bertrade of Montfort
* Adelaide of Maurienne
* Eleanor of Aquitaine
* Constance of Castile
* Adela of Champagne
* Isabella of Hainault
* Ingeborg of Denmark
* Agnes of Merania
* Blanche of Castile
* Margaret of Provence
* Isabella of Aragon
* Marie of Brabant
* Joan I of Navarre
* Margaret of Burgundy
* Clementia of Hungary
* Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
* Blanche of Burgundy
* Marie of Luxembourg
* Joan of Évreux

House of Valois (1328–1589)|

* Joan of Burgundy
* Blanche of Navarre
* Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
* Joanna of Bourbon
* Isabeau of Bavaria
* Marie of Anjou
* Charlotte of Savoy
* Anne of Brittany
* Joan of France
* Mary Tudor
* Claude of France
* Eleanor of Austria
* Catherine de' Medici
* Mary Stuart
* Elisabeth of Austria
* Louise of Lorraine

House of Lancaster (1422–1453)|

* Margaret of Anjou

House of Bourbon (1589–1792)|

* Margaret of Valois
* Marie de' Medici
* Anne of Austria
* Maria Theresa of Spain
* Marie Leszczyńska
* Marie Antoinette

House of Bonaparte (1804–1814; 1815)|

* Joséphine de Beauharnais
* Marie Louise

House of Bourbon (1814–1815; 1815–1830)|

* Marie Joséphine of Savoy
* Marie-Thérèse

House of Orléans (1830–1848)|

* Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

House of Bonaparte (1852–1870)|

* Eugénie de Montijo

Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.

* v
* t
* e

Dauphines of France

* Joanna of Bourbon (1350–1364)
* Margaret of Burgundy (1412–1415)
* Jacqueline of Bavaria (1415–1417)
* Margaret of Scotland (1436–1445)
* Charlotte of Savoy (1451–1461)
* Catherine de' Medici (1536–1547)
* Mary Stuart (1558–1559)
* Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (1680–1690)
* Marie Adélaïde of Savoy (1711–1712)
* Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain (1745–1746)
* Maria Josepha of Saxony (1747–1765)
* Maria Antonia of Austria (1770–1774)
* Marie Thérèse of France (1824–1830)

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Other|

* IdRef

*[m.]: married
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template