Joanna of Castile

Queen of Castile (1504–1555) and Aragon (1516–1555)

"Juana la Loca" and "Joanna of Aragon" redirect here. For the movie, see Juana la Loca (2001 film). For other uses, see Joanna of Aragon (disambiguation) and Joanna of Castile (disambiguation).

Joanna

Portrait by the Master of Affligem, c. 1500

Queen of Castile and León
Reign| 26 November 1504 –
12 April 1555
Predecessors| Isabella I and Ferdinand V
Successor| Charles I
Co-monarchs| Philip I (1506)
Charles I (from 1516)
Regents|

See

* Ferdinand II of Aragon (1504–1506; 1507–1516)
Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1506; 1516–1517)

Queen of Aragon, Navarre, Sicily, Naples, Sardinia and Countess of Barcelona
Reign| 23 January 1516 –
12 April 1555
Predecessor| Ferdinand II
Successor| Charles I
Co-monarch| Charles I

Born| 6 November 1479
Toledo, Castile
Died| 12 April 1555(1555-04-12) (aged 75)
Tordesillas, Castile
Burial|

Royal Chapel of Granada, Granada, Castile

Spouse|

Philip the Handsome

(m. 1496; died 1506)​

Issue|

* Eleanor, Queen of France and Portugal
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
* Isabella, Queen of Denmark
* Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
* Mary, Queen of Hungary
* Catherine, Queen of Portugal

House| Trastámara
Father| Ferdinand II of Aragon
Mother| Isabella I of Castile
Religion| Catholic Church
Signature|

Joanna (6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555), historically known as Joanna the Mad (Spanish: Juana la loca), was the nominal queen of Castile from 1504 and queen of Aragon from 1516 to her death in 1555. She was the daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Joanna was married by arrangement to the Austrian archduke Philip the Handsome on 20 October 1496.[1] Following the deaths of her elder brother John, elder sister Isabella, and nephew Miguel between 1497 and 1500, Joanna became the heir presumptive to the crowns of Castile and Aragon. When her mother died in 1504, she became queen of Castile. Her father proclaimed himself governor and administrator of Castile.[2]

In 1506, Joanna's husband Philip became king of Castile jure uxoris as Philip I, initiating the rule of the Habsburgs in the Spanish kingdoms. Philip died that same year. Despite being the ruling queen of Castile, Joanna had little effect on national policy during her reign as she was declared insane and confined in the Royal Palace in Tordesillas under the orders of her father, who ruled as regent until his death in 1516, when she inherited his kingdom as well. Catalina de Medrano, together with her husband, Hernando de Sandoval y Rojas, participated in the custody, or care, of Queen Joanna in Tordesillas.[3] Her son Charles I became king, and during his reign Joanna was nominally co-monarch but remained confined until her death. Joanna died aged 75 in 1555, at which point her son Charles, the Holy Roman Emperor, became the sole ruler of Castile and Aragon.

## Early life

[edit]

Joanna with her parents, Isabella and Ferdinand; "Rimado de la conquista de Granada", by Pedro Marcuello, c. 1482

Joanna was born on 6 November 1479 in the city of Toledo in the Kingdom of Castile. She was the fourth but third surviving child and the second daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, both members of the House of Trastámara.

She had a fair complexion and brown eyes, and her hair colour was between strawberry-blonde and auburn, like her mother and her sister Catherine. Her siblings were Isabella, Queen of Portugal; John, Prince of Asturias; Maria, Queen of Portugal; and Catherine, Queen of England.[4]

### Education

[edit]

Joanna was educated and formally trained for a significant marriage that, as a royal family alliance, would extend the kingdom's power and security as well as its influence and peaceful relations with other ruling powers. As an Infanta (princess), she was not expected to be heiress to the throne of either Castile or Aragon, although through deaths she later inherited both thrones.[5]

Joanna's academic education consisted of canon and civil law, genealogy and heraldry, grammar, history, languages, mathematics, philosophy, reading, spelling and writing.[5]: 61 Among the authors of classical literature she read were the Christian poets Juvencus and Prudentius, Church fathers Saint Ambrose, Saint Augustine, Saint Gregory, and Saint Jerome, and the Roman statesman Seneca.[5]: 61

In the Castilian court Joanna's main tutors were the Dominican priest Andrés de Miranda; educator Beatriz Galindo, who was a member of the queen's court; and her mother, the queen. Joanna's royal education included court etiquette, dancing, drawing, equestrian skills, music, and the needle arts of embroidery, needlepoint, and sewing.[5]: 61 She studied the Iberian Romance languages of Castilian, Leonese, Galician-Portuguese and Catalan, and became fluent in French and Latin. She learned outdoor pursuits such as hawking and hunting. She was skilled at dancing and music; she played the clavichord, the guitar, and the monochord.

### Marriage

[edit]

The marriage contract of Joanna and Philip (1496).

In 1496, 16-year-old Joanna was betrothed to 18-year-old Philip of Austria, in the Low Countries. Philip's parents were Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife, Duchess Mary of Burgundy. The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trastámaras designed to strengthen both against growing French power.[6]

Joanna entered a proxy marriage at the Palacio de los Vivero in the city of Valladolid, Castile, where her parents had secretly married in 1469. In August 1496 Joanna left from the port of Laredo in northern Castile on the Atlantic's Bay of Biscay. Except for 1506, when she saw her younger sister Catherine, the then-Dowager Princess of Wales, she would never see her siblings again.

Joanna of Castile and Philip the Fair, stained glass, Basilica of the Holy Blood in Bruges.

Joanna began her journey to Brabant in the Low Countries, which consisted of parts of the present day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, and Germany, on 22 August 1496. The formal marriage took place on 20 October 1496 in Lier,[1] north of present-day Brussels. Between 1498 and 1507, she gave birth to six children, two boys and four girls, all of whom grew up to be either emperors or queens.[7]

### Princess of Castile

[edit]

The death of Joanna's brother John, the stillbirth of John's daughter, and the deaths of Joanna's older sister Isabella and Isabella's son Miguel made Joanna heiress to the Spanish kingdoms. Her remaining siblings were Maria (1482–1517) and Catherine (1485–1536), younger than Joanna by three and six years respectively.

In 1502, the Castilian Cortes of Toro[8]: 36–69 [9]: 303 recognised Joanna as heiress to the Castilian throne and Philip as her consort. She was named Princess of Asturias, the title traditionally given to the heir of Castile.[10] Also in 1502, the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Zaragoza to swear an oath to Joanna as heiress; however, the Archbishop of Zaragoza, Alonso de Aragón expressed firmly that this oath could only establish jurisprudence by way of a formal agreement on the succession between the Cortes and the king.[11]: 137 [9]: 299

In 1502, Philip, Joanna and a large part of their court traveled to Toledo for Joanna to receive fealty from the Cortes of Castile as Princess of Asturias, heiress to the Castilian throne, a journey chronicled in great detail by Antoon I van Lalaing (French: Antoine de Lalaing). Philip and the majority of the court returned to the Low Countries in the following year, leaving a pregnant Joanna in Madrid, where she gave birth to her fourth child, Ferdinand, later a central European monarch and Holy Roman Emperor as Ferdinand I.

## Reign

[edit]

### Queen of Castile

[edit]

#### Succession

[edit]

Upon the death of her mother in November 1504, Joanna became queen regnant of Castile and her husband jure uxoris its king in 1506. Joanna's father, Ferdinand II, lost his monarchical status in Castile although his wife's will permitted him to govern in Joanna's absence or, if Joanna was unwilling to rule herself, until Joanna's heir reached the age of 20.[12]

Ferdinand refused to accept this; he minted Castilian coins in the name of "Ferdinand and Joanna, King and Queen of Castile, León and Aragon", and, in early 1505, persuaded the Cortes that Joanna's "illness is such that the said Queen Doña Joanna our Lady cannot govern". The Cortes then appointed Ferdinand as Joanna's guardian and the kingdom's administrator and governor.

Joanna's husband, Philip, was unwilling to accept any threat to his chances of ruling Castile and also minted coins in the name of "Philip and Joanna, King and Queen of Castile, Léon and Archdukes of Austria, etc."[9]: 315 In response, Ferdinand embarked upon a pro-French policy, marrying Germaine de Foix, niece of Louis XII of France (and his own great-niece), in the hope that she would produce a son to inherit Aragon and perhaps Castile.[13]: 138 [10]

In the Low Countries, Joanna was kept in confinement, but when her father-in-law Maximilian (in semi-secrecy) visited them on 24 August 1505 she was released to welcome him. Maximilian tried to comfort Joanna with festivities and she spent weeks accompanying him in public events, during which she acted like a wise, prudent queen, as noted by the Venetian ambassador.[a] To entertain Joanna, Philip and Maximilian (who was dressed incognito) jousted against each other at night, under torchlight. Maximilian told Philip that he could only succeed as a monarch if husband and wife were "una cosa medesima" (one and the same). After this, the couple reconciled somewhat. When Philip tried to gain support from Castilian nobles and prelates against Ferdinand though, Joanna firmly refused to act against her father.[15][16][17]

Ferdinand's remarriage merely strengthened support for Philip and Joanna in Castile, and in late 1505 the pair decided to travel to Castile. Before they boarded the ship, Joanna forbade a ship with female attendants to join the trip, fearing that Philip would have illicit relationships with them. This action played right into Philip's and Ferdinand's propaganda against her. Leaving Flanders on 10 January 1506, their ships were wrecked on the English coast and the couple were guests of Henry, Prince of Wales (later Henry VIII), and Joanna's sister Catherine of Aragon at Windsor Castle. They weren't able to leave until 21 April, by which time civil war was looming in Castile.

Philip apparently considered landing in Andalusia and summoning the nobles to take up arms against Ferdinand in Aragon. Instead, he and Joanna landed at A Coruña on 26 April, whereupon the Castilian nobility abandoned Ferdinand en masse. Ferdinand met Philip at Villafáfila on 27 June 1506 for a private interview in the village church. To the general surprise, Ferdinand had unexpectedly handed over the government of Castile to his "most beloved children", promising to retire to Aragon. Philip and Ferdinand then signed the Treaty of Villafáfila secretly, agreeing that Joanna's "infirmities and sufferings" made her incapable of ruling and promising to exclude her from government and deprive the Queen of crown and freedom.

Ferdinand promptly repudiated the second agreement the same afternoon, declaring that Joanna should never be deprived of her rights as Queen Proprietress of Castile. A fortnight later, having come to no fresh agreement with Philip, and thus effectively retaining his right to interfere if he considered his daughter's rights to have been infringed upon, he abandoned Castile for Aragon, leaving Philip to govern in Joanna's stead.[13]: 139

Joanna the Mad Holding Vigil over the Coffin of Her Late Husband, Philip the Handsome. Juana la Loca de Pradilla by Francisco Pradilla Ortiz, 1877.

#### Philip's death

[edit]

By virtue of the agreement of Villafáfila, the procurators of the Cortes met in Valladolid, Castile on 9 July 1506. On 12 July,[8]: 69–91 they swore allegiance to Philip I and Joanna together as King and Queen of Castile and León and to their son Charles as their heir-apparent.[11]: 135 This arrangement only lasted for a few months.

On 25 September 1506, Philip died after a five-day illness in the city of Burgos in Castile. The probable cause of death was typhoid fever[18] but there were rumors that his father-in-law, Ferdinand II, had poisoned him.[19] Joanna was pregnant with their sixth child, a daughter named Catherine (1507–1578), who later became Queen of Portugal.

By 20 December 1506, Joanna was in the village of Torquemada in Castile, attempting to exercise her rights to rule alone in her own name as Queen of Castile. The country fell into disorder. Her son and heir-apparent Charles, later Charles I, was a six-year-old child being raised in his aunt's care in northern European Flanders; her father, Ferdinand II, remained in Aragon, allowing the crisis to grow.

A regency council under Archbishop Cisneros was set up, against the queen's orders, but it was unable to manage the growing public disorder; plague and famine devastated the kingdom with supposedly half the population perishing of one or the other. The queen was unable to secure the funds required to assist her to protect her power. In the face of this, Ferdinand II returned to Castile in July 1507. His arrival coincided with a remission of the plague and famine, a development which quieted the instability and left an impression that his return had restored the health of the kingdom.[13]: 139 [10]

#### Father's regency

[edit]

Joanna and her husband with their Spanish subjects

Ferdinand II and Joanna met at Hornillos, Castile, on 30 July 1507. Ferdinand then constrained her to yield her power over the Kingdom of Castile and León to himself. On 17 August 1507, three members of the royal council were summoned – supposedly in her name – and ordered to inform the grandees of her father Ferdinand II's return to power: "That they should go to receive his highness and serve him as they would her person and more." However, she made it evident that this was against her will, by refusing to sign the instructions and issuing a statement that as queen regnant she did not endorse the surrender of her own royal powers.

Nonetheless, she was thereafter queen in name only, and all documents, though issued in her name, were signed with Ferdinand's signature, "I the King". He was named administrator of the kingdom by the Cortes of Castile in 1510, and entrusted the government mainly to Archbishop Cisneros. He had Joanna confined in the Royal Palace in Tordesillas, near Valladolid in Castile, in February 1509 after having dismissed all of her faithful servants and having appointed a small retinue accountable to him alone.[10] At this time, some accounts claim that she was insane or "mad", and that she took her husband's corpse with her to Tordesillas to keep it close to her.[13]: 139

#### Son as co-monarch

[edit]

As a result of the death of her father, Ferdinand II, on 23 January 1516, Joanna became Queen of Aragon. Cisneros and the regency council hid the news of her father's death from her, pretending he still lived and ruled. Her then-17-year-old son Charles arrived in Asturias at the Bay of Biscay in October 1517. Until his arrival, the Crown of Aragon was governed by Archbishop Alonso de Aragón (an illegitimate son of Ferdinand) and her Crown of Castile was governed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros. On 4 November, Charles and his sister Eleanor met their mother Joanna at Tordesillas – there they secured from her the necessary authorisation to allow Charles to rule as her co-King of Castile and León and of Aragon. Despite her acquiescence to his wishes, her confinement would continue and Charles expanded the deceptions surrounding her, later hiding the 1519 death of Emperor Maximilian from her.[20] The Castilian Cortes, meeting in Valladolid, spited Charles by addressing him only as Su Alteza ("Your Highness") and reserving Majestad ("Majesty") for Joanna.[11]: 144 However, no one seriously considered rule by Joanna a realistic proposition.[13]: 143–146

In 1519, Charles I ruled the Crown of Aragon and its territories and the Crown of Castile and its territories, in personal union. In addition, that same year Charles was elected Holy Roman Emperor. The kingdoms of Castile and Aragon (and Navarre) remained in personal union until their jurisdictional unification in the early 18th century by the Nueva Planta decrees, while Charles eventually abdicated as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in favour of his brother Ferdinand, and as King of Spain in favour of his son Philip – an act that represented the "transition from a universal empire to defence of the interests of the 'Austrian family' (austriacismo), in other words, to a close alliance between two parts of the dynasty, aimed at guaranteeing the hegemony of Catholicism and of the dynasty within Europe".[21][22]

#### Revolt of the Comuneros

[edit]

In 1520, the Revolt of the Comuneros broke out in response to the perceived foreign Habsburg influence over Castile through Charles V. The rebel leaders demanded that Castile be governed in accordance with the supposed practices of the Catholic Monarchs. In an attempt to legitimise their rebellion, the Comuneros turned to Joanna. As the sovereign monarch, had she given written approval to the rebellion, it would have been legalised and would have triumphed.

In an attempt to prevent this, Don Antonio de Rojas Manrique, Bishop of Mallorca, led a delegation of royal councillors to Tordesillas, asking Joanna to sign a document denouncing the Comuneros. She demurred, requesting that he present her specific provisions. Before this could be done, the Comuneros in turn stormed the virtually undefended city and requested her support.

The request prompted Adrian of Utrecht, the regent appointed by Charles V, to declare that Charles would lose Castile if she granted her support. Although she was sympathetic to the Comuneros, she was persuaded by Ochoa de Landa and her confessor Fray John of Avila that supporting the revolt would irreparably damage the country and her son's kingship, and she therefore refused to sign a document granting her support.[23] The Battle of Villalar confirmed that Charles would prevail over the revolt.

#### Forced confinement

[edit]

Charles ensured his domination and throne by having his mother confined for the rest of her life in the now-demolished Royal Palace in Tordesillas, Castile.[24] Joanna's condition degenerated further. She apparently became convinced that some of the nuns that took care of her wanted to kill her. Reportedly it was difficult for her to eat, sleep, bathe, or change her clothes. Charles wrote to her caretakers: "It seems to me that the best and most suitable thing for you to do is to make sure that no person speaks with Her Majesty, for no good could come from it".[25]

Joanna had her youngest daughter, Catherine of Austria, with her during Ferdinand II's time as regent, 1507–1516. Her older daughter, Eleanor of Austria, had created a semblance of a household within the palace rooms. In her final years, Joanna's physical state began to decline rapidly, with mobility ever more difficult.

The Capilla Real in Granada, where Joanna is entombed

Joanna died on Good Friday, 12 April 1555, at the age of 75 in the Royal Palace at Tordesillas.[10] She is entombed in the Royal Chapel of Granada in Spain, alongside her parents, Isabella I and Ferdinand II, her husband Philip I and her nephew Miguel da Paz, Prince of Asturias.

## Disputed mental health claims

[edit]

As a young woman, Joanna was known to be highly intelligent. Claims regarding her as "mad" are widely disputed.[26] It was only after her marriage that the first suspicions of mental illness arose. Some historians believe she may have had melancholia, a depressive disorder, a psychosis, or a case of inherited schizophrenia.[27]: 9 She may also have been unjustly painted as "mad" as her husband Philip the Handsome and her father, Ferdinand, had a great deal to gain from Joanna being declared sick or incompetent to rule.[28][29][30]

The narrative of her purported mental illness is perpetuated in stories of the mental illness of her maternal grandmother, Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile, who, in widowhood, was exiled by her stepson to the castle of Arévalo in Ávila, Castile.[27]: 12

## Legacy

[edit]

Bethany Aram argues that while she seemed to be unable or unwilling to rule herself, Joanna's major (political) significance lay with her defense of the rights of her descendants and thus the Habsburg dynasty. While she did have affection for Philip, her refusal to bury her husband (and attempt to bring his corpse to Granada so that he would lie beside her mother) was likely an attempt to ward off suitors and create a connection between Charles and Castile. Facing the leaders of the Comunero Revolt, she again chose the Habsburg dynasty over her Castilian heritage. Her fecundity provided Charles with many Habsburg siblings (and by extensions, these siblings' children) who upheld his rule. Sara T. Nalle agrees with Aram that this was Joanna's major success, while pointing out that Aram seems to gloss over the fact that Joanna's contemporaries did see her as different. Nalle opines that overall, Joanna was a troubled individual who was also not trained for the political world, found herself surrounded by strong personalities, and had to face a shocking amount of cruelty and deceit.[31][32]

## Arms

[edit]

* Coat of arms as consort of Philip the Handsome[33][34]

* Coat of arms as consort and Princess of Asturias and Girona[33][34]

* Coat of arms as Queen of Castile[34][35]

## Children

[edit]

See also: Descendants of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon

Name | Birth | Death | Notes

|
|
|

Eleanor | 15 November 1498 | 25 February 1558(1558-02-25) (aged 59) | first marriage in 1518, Manuel I of Portugal and had children; second marriage in 1530, Francis I of France and had no children.
Charles | 24 February 1500 | 21 September 1558(1558-09-21) (aged 58) | married in 1526, Isabella of Portugal and had children.
Isabella | 18 July 1501 | 19 January 1526(1526-01-19) (aged 24) | married in 1515, Christian II of Denmark and had children.
Ferdinand | 10 March 1503 | 25 July 1564(1564-07-25) (aged 61) | married in 1521, Anna of Bohemia and Hungary and had children.
Mary | 18 September 1505 | 18 October 1558(1558-10-18) (aged 53) | married in 1522, Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia and had no children.
Catherine | 14 January 1507 | 12 February 1578(1578-02-12) (aged 71) | married in 1525, John III of Portugal and had children.
The children of Phillip and Joanna

## Ancestry

[edit]

Ancestors of Joanna of Castile

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8\. Henry III of Castile[38]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 4\. John II of Castile[36]|

|  |  |
| 9\. Catherine of Lancaster[38]

| 2\. Isabella I of Castile|

|  |  |  |  |
| 10\. John, Constable of Portugal[39]

| 5\. Isabella of Portugal[36]|

|  |  |
| 11\. Isabel of Barcelos[40]

| 1\. Joanna of Castile|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12\. Ferdinand I of Aragon[41]

| 6\. John II of Aragon[37]|

|  |  |
| 13\. Eleanor of Alburquerque[41]

| 3\. Ferdinand II of Aragon|

|  |  |  |  |
| 14\. Fadrique Enríquez[42]

| 7\. Juana Enríquez[37]|

|  |  |
| 15\. Mariana Fernández de Córdoba[42]

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ [...] the most serene king of the Romans was keeping company with the queen his daughter-in-law, dressed in black velvet and with a fairly good complexion given the illness she has had. And it seemed to me, although it was night, that she was very beautiful, and she had the air of a wise and prudent lady. I made my reverence to her majesty in the name of your sublimity and spoke a few good words well adapted and appropriate to the time and place where we were and these were amiably reciprocated by her majesty."[14]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Bethany Aram, Juana the Mad: Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins UP, 2005), p. 37
2. ^ Bergenroth, G A, Introduction. Letters, Despatches, and State Papers to the Negotiations between England and Spain. Suppl. to vols 1 and 2. London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyerm 1868. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9q8MAQAAIAAJ
3. ^ Tomás Gismera Velasco, Guadalajara in Memory, New Alcarria Newspaper, Guadalajara, August 7, 2020
4. ^ Catherine was the first wife of Henry VIII and the mother of Mary I of England.
5. ^ a b c d Gelardi, Julia P. (2009). In Triumph's Wake: Royal Mothers, Tragic Daughters, and the Price They Paid for Glory. St. Martin's Griffin.
6. ^ Pavić, Milorad; Marin, Ina (2017). Marriage Politics of the European Royal Dinasties in the Early Modern Period. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. ISBN 978-83-7784-990-3.
7. ^ Eleanor of Austria, Queen of France and Portugal, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Isabella of Austria, Queen of Denmark, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Mary, Queen of Hungary, and Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal.
8. ^ a b Colmeiro, Manuel (1883). Cortes de los antiguos reinos de León y de Castilla. Madrid: Rivadeneyra.
9. ^ a b c Francisco Olmos, Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada
10. ^ a b c d e Aram, Bethany. (1998) "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature: The Problem of Invoking Royal Authority, 1505–1507" Sixteenth Century Journal, 29(2), 331–358. doi:10.2307/2544520
11. ^ a b c Francisco Olmos, Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I
12. ^ Prawdin, Michael, The Mad Queen of Spain, p. 83.
13. ^ a b c d e Elliott, J. H., Imperial Spain
14. ^ Fleming 2018, p. 90.
15. ^ Parker, Geoffrey (25 June 2019). Emperor: A New Life of Charles V. Yale University Press. p. 53\. ISBN 978-0-300-19652-8. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
16. ^ Fleming, Gillian B. (3 April 2018). Juana I: Legitimacy and Conflict in Sixteenth-Century Castile. Springer. p. 90\. ISBN 978-3-319-74347-9. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
17. ^ Carroll, Leslie (5 January 2010). Notorious Royal Marriages: A Juicy Journey Through Nine Centuries of Dynasty, Destiny, and Desire. Penguin. p. 61\. ISBN 978-1-101-15977-4. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
18. ^ Campbell, Gordon (2003). "Philip I, the Handsome". The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860175-3.
19. ^ Liss, Peggy K. (1992). Isabel the Queen: Life and Times. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 354\. ISBN 0-19-507356-8. OCLC 25048514.
20. ^ Parker, Geoffrey (2019). Emperor: A New Life of Charles V. London: Yale University Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-0-300-19652-8.
21. ^ Kagarlitsky, Boris (27 June 2014). From Empires to Imperialism: The State and the Rise of Bourgeois Civilisation. Routledge. p. 137\. ISBN 978-1-317-66870-1. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
22. ^ Curtis, Benjamin (12 September 2013). The Habsburgs: The History of a Dynasty. A&C Black. p. 99\. ISBN 978-1-4411-5002-8. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
23. ^ Seaver, Henry Latimer (1966) [1928], The Great Revolt in Castile: A Study of the Comunero Movement of 1520–1521, New York: Octagon Books, p. 359
24. ^ "Palacio Real". Turismo de Tordesillas (in Spanish). Oficina de Turismo de Tordesillas. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
25. ^ Waldherr, Kris (2008). Doomed Queens: Royal Women Who Met Bad Ends, From Cleopatra to Princess Di. Crown Publishing Group. p. 113\. ISBN 978-0-7679-3103-8.
26. ^ Poeta, Salvatore (March 2007). "The Hispanic and Luso-Brazilian World: From Mad Queen to Martyred Saint: The Case of Juana La Loca Revisited in History and Art on the Occasion of the 450th Anniversary of Her Death". Hispania. 90 (1): 165–172. JSTOR 20063477. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
27. ^ a b María A. Gómez; Santiago Juan-Navarro; Phyllis Zatlin (2008), Juana of Castile: History and Myth of the Mad Queen (illustrated ed.), Associated University Presse, pp. 9, 12–13, 85, ISBN 9780838757048
28. ^ Medievalists.net (8 December 2015). "The Tragic Story of Joanna the Mad". Medievalists.net. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
29. ^ Aram B (2008). "Queen Juana: Legend and History". In Gómez MA, Juan-Navarro S, Zatlin P (eds.). Juana of Castile: History and Myth of the Mad Queen. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press. pp. 33–46.
30. ^ Wilkinson, Greg (2020). "Juana la Loca/'Joanna the Mad' (1479–1555): Queen of Castile and of Aragon – and necrophiliac? – psychiatry in history". British Journal of Psychiatry. 217 (2): 449. doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.71. ISSN 0007-1250.
31. ^ Nalle, Sara T.; Aram, Bethany (1 July 2006). "Juana the Mad: Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 37 (2): 534. doi:10.2307/20477911. JSTOR 20477911. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
32. ^ Fleming 2018, p. 7.
33. ^ a b Felipe I el Hermoso: La belleza y la locura. Madrid: Fundación Carlos de Amberes. 2006. ISBN 84-934643-3-3. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
34. ^ a b c Menéndez-Pidal De Navascués, Faustino (1999) El escudo; Menéndez Pidal y Navascués, Faustino; O'Donnell, Hugo; Lolo, Begoña. Símbolos de España. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales. ISBN 84-259-1074-9
35. ^ [1] Image at Santa María la Real Church Facade, Aranda de Duero, Burgos (Spain)
36. ^ a b Isabella I, Queen of Spain at the Encyclopædia Britannica
37. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 266–267.
38. ^ a b Henry III, King of Castille at the Encyclopædia Britannica
39. ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1896). "Philippa of Lancaster" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 45\. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 167.
40. ^ Gerli, E. Michael; Armistead, Samuel G. (2003). Medieval Iberia. Taylor & Francis. p. 182\. ISBN 9780415939188. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
41. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John II of Aragon" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 440.
42. ^ a b Ortega Gato, Esteban (1999). "Los Enríquez, Almirantes de Castilla" [The Enríquezes, Admirals of Castille] (PDF). Publicaciones de la Institución "Tello Téllez de Meneses" (in Spanish). 70: 42. ISSN 0210-7317.

## Bibliography

[edit]

Biographies

* Prawdin, Michael, The Mad Queen of Spain (1939)
* Dennis, Amarie, Seek the Darkness: The Story of Juana La Loca, (1945)
* Prescott, William H., History of Ferdinand and Isabella (1854)
* Rosier, Johanna die Wahnsinnige (1890)
* Tighe, Harry, A Queen of Unrest: The Story of Juana of Castile, Mother of Charles V., Born 1479, Died 1555 (1907).
* Villa, R., La Reina doña Juana la Loca (1892)
* Aram, Bethany, Juana the Mad: Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005).
* Fleming, Gillian B., Juana I: Legitimacy and Conflict in Sixteenth Century Castile (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).
* Assini, Adriana, Le rose di Cordova, Scrittura & Scritture, Napoli 2007
* Fox, Julia, Sister Queens: The Noble, Tragic Lives of Katherine of Aragon and Juana, Queen of Castile (New York: Ballantine Books, 2011).
* Bergenroth, G A. Introduction, Part 1, Calendar of State Papers, Spain; vol. 1, 1485–1509, (London, 1862), p. xlvii. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/spain/vol1

Works cited

* Miller, Townsend, Castles and the Crown. Coward-McCann: New York, 1963
* Aram, Bethany, "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature: The Problem of Invoking Royal Authority, 1505–1507", Sixteenth Century Journal
* Elliott, J.H., Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
* de Francisco Olmos, José María: Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505–1506), Revista General de Información y Documentación 2002, vol. 12, núm. 2 (Universidad complutense de Madrid).
* de Francisco Olmos, José María: Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); Revista General de Información y Documentación 2003, vol. 13, núm. 2 (Universidad complutense de Madrid).
* Juan-Navarro, Santiago, Maria Gomez, and Phyllis Zatlin. Juana of Castile: History and Myth of the Mad Queen. Newark and London: Bucknell University Press, 2008.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joanna of Castile.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Joanna".

Joanna of Castile

House of Trastámara

Born: 6 November 1479 Died: 12 April 1555

Regnal titles
Preceded by

Isabella I and Ferdinand V

|  Queen of Castile and León
1504–1555
with Philip I (1506)
Ferdinand V (1506-1516)
Charles I (1516–1555) | Succeeded by

Charles I

Preceded by

Ferdinand II

|  Queen of Aragon, Sicily, Sardinia, Valencia,
Majorca, Naples, and Navarre;
Countess of Barcelona,
Roussillon and Cerdagne
1516–1555
with Charles I (1516–1555)
Spanish royalty
Vacant

Title last held by

Miguel of Portugal |  Princess of Girona
1502–1509  | Succeeded by

John of Aragon

Princess of Asturias
1502–1504  | Succeeded by

Charles of Austria

Preceded by

John of Aragon

|  Princess of Girona
1509–1516

* v
* t
* e

Infantas of Aragon

1st generation|

* Sancha, Countess of Urgell

2nd generation|

* none

3rd generation|

* Petronilla, Queen of Aragon

4th generation|

* Dulce, Queen of Portugal

5th generation|

* Constance, Holy Roman Empress
* Eleanor, Countess of Toulouse
* Sancha

7th generation|

* Violant, Queen of Castile
* Constance, Lady of Villena
* Isabella, Queen of France

8th generation|

* Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal
* Yolanda, Duchess of Calabria
* Sancha, Queen of Naples*

9th generation|

* Maria, Lady of Cameros
* Isabella, Duchess of Austria
* Constance, Queen of Cyprus**
* Elisabeth, Duchess of Bavaria**
* Margaret, Countess Palatine of the Rhine**

10th generation|

* Constance, Queen of Majorca
* Eleanor, Queen of Cyprus
* Eleanor, Queen of Aragon**
* Beatrice, Countess Palatine of the Rhine**
* Eleonor, Countess of Caltabellotta**
* Isabella, Marchioness of Montferrat*
* Alice, Countess of Ibelin*

11th generation|

* Constance, Queen of Sicily
* Joanna, Countess of Ampurias
* Eleanor, Queen of Castile
* Isabella, Countess of Urgell
* Maria of Sicily**

12th generation|

* Joanna, Countess of Foix
* Yolande, Duchess of Anjou
* Margarida, Queen of Aragon

13th generation|

* Isabella of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra

14th generation|

* Maria, Queen of Castile
* Eleanor, Queen of Portugal

15th generation|

* Blanche II of Navarre
* Eleanor of Navarre
* Joanna, Queen of Naples

16th generation|

* Isabella, Queen of Portugal
* Joanna, Queen of Castile and Aragon
* Maria, Queen of Portugal
* Catherine, Queen of England

17th generation|

* Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
* Isabella, Queen of Denmark-Norway
* Mary, Queen of Hungary
* Catherine, Queen of Portugal

* *also a princess of Majorca
* **also a princess of Sicily

* v
* t
* e

Infantas of Castile

1st generation|

* Urraca, Lady of Zamora
* Elvira, Lady of Toro

2nd generation|

* Urraca I of Castile and León
* Elvira, Queen of Sicily

3rd generation|

* Sancha

4th generation|

* Constance, Queen of France
* Sancha, Queen of Navarre
* Sancha, Queen of Aragon

5th generation|

* none

6th generation|

* Berengaria I of Castile
* Urraca, Queen of Portugal
* Blanche, Queen of France
* Eleanor, Queen of Aragon

7th generation|

* Berengaria, Latin Empress of Constantinople

8th generation|

* Eleanor, Queen of England
* Maria, Queen of Castile

9th generation|

* Berengaria, Lady of Guadalajara
* Beatrice, Marchioness of Montferrat
* Violant, Lady of Biscay
* Violant, Lady of Elche

10th generation|

* Isabella, Queen of Aragon and Duchess of Brittany
* Beatrice, Queen of Portugal
* Constance, Queen of Castile
* Joanna, Queen of Castile

11th generation|

* Eleanor, Queen of Aragon
* Blanche
* Blanche, Princess of Villena
* Maria

12th generation|

* Isabella

13th generation|

* Constance, Duchess of Lancaster
* Isabella, Duchess of York
* Eleanor, Queen of Navarre

15th generation|

* Maria, Queen of Aragon
* Catherine, Duchess of Villena

16th generation|

* Catherine, Princess of Asturias
* Eleanor, Princess of Asturias
* Isabella I of Castile

17th generation|

* Joanna, Queen of Portugal
* Isabella, Queen of Portugal
* Joanna I of Castile and Aragon
* Maria, Queen of Portugal
* Catherine, Queen of England

18th generation|

* Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
* Isabella, Queen of Denmark-Norway
* Maria, Queen of Hungary
* Catherine, Queen of Portugal

* v
* t
* e

Austrian archduchesses by marriage

Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.

1st generation|

* Eleanor of Portugal
* Mechthild of the Palatinate
* Eleanor of Scotland
* Catherine of Saxony

2nd generation|

* Mary, Duchess of Burgundy
* Anne, Duchess of Brittany
* Bianca Maria Sforza

3rd generation|

* Joanna, Queen of Castile

4th generation|

* Infanta Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

5th generation|

* Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal*
* Mary I of England*
* Infanta Maria of Spain^
* Anna Juliana Gonzaga
* Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria

6th generation|

* Archduchess Anna of Austria^
* Isabella Clara Eugenia^
* Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Claudia de' Medici

7th generation|

* Princess Elisabeth of France*
* Infanta Maria Ana of Spain^
* Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria^
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Anna de' Medici
* Countess Palatine Hedwig of Sulzbach

8th generation|

* Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain^
* Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria^
* Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg

9th generation|

* Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
* Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

10th generation|

* None

11th generation|

* Princess Isabella of Parma**
* Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria**
* Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain**
* Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa**

12th generation|

* Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg**
* Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily**
* Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily**
* Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg**
* Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia**
* Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym**
* Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg**
* Princess Elisabeth of Savoy**
* Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy

13th generation|

* Princess Sophie of Bavaria
* Princess Maria Anna of Saxony**
* Princess Hildegard of Bavaria
* Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria^
* Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena

14th generation|

* Princess Charlotte of Belgium
* Princess Margaretha of Saxony
* Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies
* Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal
* Princess Anna of Saxony**
* Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies**
* Princess Isabella of Croÿ
* Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria^
* Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria

15th generation|

* Princess Stéphanie of Belgium
* Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
* Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies**
* Princess Blanca of Bourbon**
* Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria^**

16th generation|

* Princess Zita of Parma
* Princess Ileana of Romania**
* Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm**
* Princess Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg

17th generation|

* Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen
* Princess Margherita of Savoy
* Princess Yolande of Ligne
* Laetitia d'Arenberg**

18th generation|

* Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva
* Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg
* Princess Astrid of Belgium
* Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg

*also an infanta of Spain by marriage; **also a princess of Tuscany by marriage; ^also an archduchess of Austria in her own right

* v
* t
* e

Princes and Princesses of Asturias

* Henry (1388–90)
* Maria (1402–05)
* John (1405–06)
* Catherine (1423–24)
* Eleanor (1424–25)
* Henry (1425–54)
* Joanna (1462–64)
* Alfonso (1464–68)
* Isabella (1468–70)
* Isabella (1470–78)
* John (1478–97)
* Isabella (1497–98)
* Michael (1498–1500)
* Joanna (1502–04)
* Charles (1504–16)
* Philip (1527–56)
* Charles (1556–68)
* Ferdinand (1571–78)
* Diego (1578–82)
* Philip (1582–98)
* Philip (1605–21)
* Balthasar Charles (1629–1646)
* Philip Prospero (1657–1661)
* Charles (1661–1665)
* Louis (1709–24)
* Ferdinand (1724–46)
* Charles (1759–88)
* Ferdinand (1788–1808)
* Isabella (1830–33)
* Isabella (1851–57)
* Alfonso (1857–68)
* Emanuele Filiberto (1871–73)
* Isabella (1875–80)
* Mercedes (1881–1904)
* Alfonso (1907–38)
* Felipe (1977–2014)
* Leonor (2014– )

* v
* t
* e

Princes and Princesses of Girona

* Leonor (2014-present)

* Felipe (1977-2014)
* Alfonso (1907–1931)
* Charles (1661-1665)
* Philip Prospero (1657-1661)
* Balthasar Charles (1629–1646)
* Philip (1605-1621)
* Philip (1582-1598)
* Diego (1578-1582)
* Ferdinand (1571–1578)
* Charles (1556-1568)
* Philip (1527-1556)
* Charles (1504-1516)
* Joanna (1509-1516)
* John (1509)
* Joanna (1502-1509)
* Michael (1498-1500)
* John (1479-1497)
* Ferdinand (1461-1479)
* Charles (1458-1461)
* Alfonso (1416)

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Castile

House of Jiménez|

* Ferdinand I
* Sancho II
* Alfonso VI
* Urraca

House of Burgundy|

* Alfonso VII
* Sancho III
* Alfonso VIII
* Henry I
* Berengaria
* Ferdinand III
* Alfonso X
* Sancho IV
* Ferdinand IV
* Alfonso XI
* Peter

House of Trastámara|

* Henry II
* John I
* Henry III
* John II
* Henry IV
* Isabella I & Ferdinand V
* Joanna & Philip I

House of Habsburg|

* Charles I
* Philip II
* Philip III
* Philip IV
* Charles II

House of Bourbon|

* Philip V

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of León

Astur-Leonese house|

* Alfonso III
* García I
* Ordoño II
* Fruela II
* Alfonso Fróilaz
* Alfonso IV
* Ramiro II
* Ordoño III
* Sancho I
* Ordoño IV
* Sancho I
* Ramiro III
* Bermudo II
* Alfonso V
* Bermudo III

House of Jiménez|

* Ferdinand I
* Sancho II
* Alfonso VI
* Urraca

House of Burgundy|

* Alfonso VII
* Ferdinand II
* Alfonso IX
* Sancha & Dulce
* Ferdinand III
* Alfonso X
* Sancho IV
* Ferdinand IV
* Alfonso XI
* Peter

House of Trastámara|

* Henry II
* John I
* Henry III
* John II
* Henry IV
* Isabella I & Ferdinand V
* Joanna & Philip I

House of Habsburg|

* Charles I

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Aragon

House of Jiménez|

* Ramiro I
* Sancho
* Peter I
* Alfonso I
* Ramiro II
* Petronilla

House of Barcelona|

* Alfonso II
* Peter II
* James I
* Peter III
* Alfonso III
* James II
* Alfonso IV
* Peter IV
* John I
* Martin

House of Trastámara|

* Ferdinand I
* Alfonso V
* John II
* Ferdinand II
* Joanna

House of Habsburg|

* Charles I
* Philip I
* Philip II
* Philip III
* Charles II
* Charles III

House of Bourbon|

* Philip IV

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Naples

* Charles I*
* Charles II
* Robert
* Joanna I with Louis I
* Charles III
* Ladislaus (1st reign)
* Louis II
* Ladislaus (2nd reign)
* Joanna II
* René I
* Alfonso I*
* Ferdinand I
* Alfonso II
* Ferdinand II
* Frederick
* Louis III
* Ferdinand III*
* Joanna III*
* Charles IV*
* Philip I*
* Philip II*
* Philip III*
* Charles V*
* Charles VI*
* Charles VII*
* Ferdinand IV* (1st reign)
* Parthenopean Republic
* Ferdinand IV* (2nd reign)
* Joseph I
* Joachim I
* Ferdinand IV* (3rd reign)

*Also Monarch of Sicily

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Galicia

Suebian kings|

* Hermeric
* Rechila
* Rechiar
* Aioulf
* Maldras
* Framta
* Richimund
* Frumar
* Remismund
* Hermeneric
* Veremund
* Theodemund
* Chararic
* Ariamir
* Theodemar
* Miro
* Eboric
* Audeca
* Malaric

Astur-Leonese dynasty|

* Ordoño II
* Sancho I
* Bermudo II
* Alfonso V
* Bermudo III

House of Jiménez|

* García II
* Sancho II
* Alfonso VI
* Urraca

House of Burgundy|

* Alfonso VII
* Ferdinand II
* Alfonso IX
* Sancha & Dulce
* Ferdinand III
* Alfonso X
* Sancho IV
* Prince John
* Ferdinand IV
* Alfonso XI
* Peter

Portuguese House of Burgundy|

* Ferdinand I of Portugal

House of Lancaster|

John of Gaunt

House of Trastámara|

* Henry II
* John I
* Henry III
* John II
* Henry IV
* Isabella I & Ferdinand V
* Joanna & Philip I

House of Habsburg|

* Charles I

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Navarre

House of Íñiguez|

* Íñigo Arista
* García Íñiguez
* Fortún Garcés

House of Jiménez|

* Sancho I
* Jimeno Garcés
* García Sánchez I
* Sancho II
* García Sánchez II
* Sancho III
* García Sánchez III
* Sancho IV
* Sancho VA
* Peter IA
* Alfonso IA
* García Ramírez
* Sancho VI
* Sancho VII

House of Champagne|

* Theobald I
* Theobald II
* Henry I
* Joan I

House of Capet|

* Philip IF
* Louis IF
* John IF
* Philip IIF
* Charles IF
* Joan II

House of Évreux|

* Philip III
* Charles II
* Charles III
* Blanche I

House of Trastámara|

* John IIA
* Charles IV
* Blanche II
* Eleanor

House of Foix|

* Francis Phoebus
* Catherine

House of Albret|

* John III

House of Albret \- Lower Navarre|

* Henry II
* Joan III

House of Bourbon \- Lower Navarre|

* Antoine
* Henry IIIF
* Louis IIF
* Louis IIIF
* Louis IVF
* Louis VF
* Louis VIF
* Charles VF

House of Trastámara \- Upper Navarre|

* Ferdinand IA
* Joan IIIS

House of Habsburg \- Upper Navarre|

* Charles IVS
* Philip IVS
* Philip VS
* Philip VIS
* Charles VS

House of Bourbon \- Upper Navarre|

* Philip VIIS
* Louis IIS
* Ferdinand IIS
* Charles VIS
* Charles VIIS
* Ferdinand IIIS
* Isabella IS

AAlso King of Aragon. FAlso King of France. SAlso King/Queen of Spain.

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Sicily

County of Sicily (1071–1130)|

* Roger I
* Simon
* Roger II

Kingdom of Sicily (1130–1816)|

* Roger II
* William I
* William II
* Tancred
* Roger III
* William III
* Constance I
* Henry I
* Frederick I
* Henry II
* Conrad I
* Conrad II
* Manfred
* Charles I
* Constance II
* Peter I
* James I
* Frederick II
* Peter II
* Louis
* Frederick III
* Maria
* Martin I
* Martin II
* Ferdinand I
* Alfonso I
* John
* Ferdinand II
* Joanna
* Charles II
* Philip I
* Philip II
* Philip III
* Charles III
* Philip IV
* Victor Amadeus
* Charles IV
* Charles V
* Ferdinand III

* v
* t
* e

Consorts of Luxembourg

County of Luxemburg (963–1354)

| Elder House of Luxembourg
(963–1136)|

* Hedwig of Nordgau
* Clementia of Aquitaine
* Mathilde of Northeim
* Ermengarde of Zutphen

|
|

House of Namur
(1136–1189)|

* Laurette of Flanders
* Agnes of Guelders

House of Hohenstaufen
(1196–1197)|

* Margaret, Countess of Blois

House of Namur
(1197–1247)|

* None

House of Limburg
(1247–1354)|

* Margaret of Bar
* Beatrice of Avesnes
* Margaret of Brabant
* Elizabeth of Bohemia
* Beatrice of Bourbon
* Blanche of Valois
* Anne of Bavaria
* Anna von Schweidnitz
* Joanna, Duchess of Brabant

Duchy of Luxemburg (1354–1794)

| House of Limburg
(1354–1443)|

* Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
* Joanna of Bavaria
* Agnes of Opole

|
|

House of Valois-Burgundy
(1443–1482)|

* Isabella of Portugal
* Margaret of York

House of Habsburg
(1482–1700)|

* Joanna of Castile
* Isabella of Portugal
* Mary I of England
* Elisabeth of Valois
* Anna of Austria
* Elisabeth of France
* Mariana of Austria
* Marie Louise d'Orléans
* Maria Anna of Neuburg

House of Bourbon
(1700–1712)|

* Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy

House of Wittelsbach
(1712–1713)|

* Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska

House of Habsburg
(1713–1780)|

* Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

House of Habsburg-Lorraine
(1780–1794)|

* Maria Luisa of Spain
* Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (since 1815)

| House of Orange-Nassau
(1815–1890)|

* Wilhelmine of Prussia
* Anna Pavlovna of Russia
* Sophie of Württemberg
* Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont

|
|

House of Nassau-Weilburg
(1890–present)|

* Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
* Marie Anne of Portugal
* Felix of Bourbon-Parma
* Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium
* María Teresa Mestre y Batista-Falla

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Spain

List of monarchs | Monarchs' family tree

Dynastic union|

* Isabella I & Ferdinand V
* Joanna & Philip I

Personal union|

* Charles I
* Philip II
* Philip III
* Philip IV
* Charles II

Real union|

* Philip V
* Louis I
* Philip V
* Ferdinand VI
* Charles III
* Charles IV
* Joseph
* Ferdinand VII
* Isabella II
* Amadeo
* Alfonso XII
* Alfonso XIII
* Juan Carlos I
* Felipe VI

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
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* BnF data
* Japan
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* Czech Republic
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* Netherlands
* Latvia
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* Sweden
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Artists|

* ULAN

People|

* Netherlands
* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef

*[c.]: circa
*[m.]: married
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template