Johannesburg

Largest city in South Africa

This article is about the city in South Africa. For other uses, see Johannesburg (disambiguation).

"eGoli" redirects here. For other uses, see Goli (disambiguation) and Egoli (disambiguation).

City in Gauteng, South Africa

Johannesburg

* Zulu: eGoli
* Khoekhoe: !Huni //hÄb[1]

City

City of Johannesburg

Johannesburg CBD

Johannesburg Art Gallery

Hillbrow Tower and Ponte City

Nelson Mandela Bridge

FNB Stadium

University of the Witwatersrand

Brixton Tower

Flag

Coat of arms

Nickname(s):

Jo'burg; Jozi; Joni (Tsonga version), Muḓi Mulila Ngoma (Venda version); Jobhag (Bhojpuri version);[2] Egoli ("Place of Gold");[3] Gauteng ("Place of Gold")

Motto:

"Service with Pride"[4]

OpenStreetMap

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Coordinates: 26°12′16″S 28°2′44″E﻿ / ﻿26.20444°S 28.04556°E﻿ / -26.20444; 28.04556
Country|  South Africa
Province| Gauteng
Municipality| City of Johannesburg
Established| 1886; 139 years ago (1886)[5]
Government

• Type| Metropolitan municipality
• Mayor| Dada Morero (ANC)
Area

[6][7]

• City

| 334.81 km2 (129.27 sq mi)
• Urban

[8]

| 3,357 km2 (1,296 sq mi)
• Metro

| 1,642.6 km2 (634.2 sq mi)
Elevation

| 1,753 m (5,751 ft)
Population

(2022)[7]

• City

| 4,803,262
• Rank| 8th in Africa
1st in South Africa
• Density| 14,000/km2 (37,000/sq mi)
• Urban

[8]

| 7,860,781[a]
• Metro

(2022)

| 6,198,000
• Metro density| 3,800/km2 (9,800/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2019)

[9]

• Black African| 76.4%
• White| 12.3%
• Coloured| 5.6%
• Indian/Asian| 4.9%
• Other| 0.8%
First languages (2011)

[6]

• Zulu| 23.41%
• English| 20.10%
• Sesotho| 9.61%
• Setswana| 7.68%
• Afrikaans| 7.28%
• Other| 18.10%
Time zone| UTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)|

2001

PO box|

2000

Area code| 010 and 011
HDI|  0.75 High (2012)[10]
GDP| US$131 billion (2020)[11]
GDP per capita (PPP)| US$16 370 (2014)[11]
Website| www.joburg.org.za

Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Afrikaans: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ]; Zulu and Xhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːli]; colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, Jo'burg or "The City of Gold")[12][13] is the most populous city in South Africa. With 5,538,596 people in the City of Johannesburg alone and over 14.8 million in the urban agglomeration, it is classified as a megacity and is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world.[14][15] Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, and seat of the country's highest court, the Constitutional Court.[16] The city is located within the mineral-rich Witwatersrand hills, the epicentre of the international mineral and gold trade. The richest city in Africa by GDP and private wealth, Johannesburg functions as the economic capital of South Africa and is home to the continent's largest stock exchange, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.[17]

Johannesburg was established in 1886,[18] following the discovery of gold, on what was once farmland. Within a decade, the population surged to over 100,000, driven by the large gold deposits found along the Witwatersrand.[19] Modern Johannesburg is an amalgamation of formerly separate cities, townships and settlements, reflecting apartheid-era spatial segregation policies. Soweto ("South-Western Townships"), designated a "blacks only" city until 1994, is one of the most historically significant areas for modern South Africa. Home to key anti-apartheid leaders, including Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu, it became the epicenter of the 1976 Soweto Uprising, where peaceful student protests were met with brutal force.[20] In contrast, Lenasia is predominantly populated by English-speaking Indo-South Africans (people of Indian and South Asian descent). Formerly "white-only" areas include Sandton, known as "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg and Roodeport.[21]

## Etymology

[edit]

Controversy surrounds the origin of the name. There were quite a number of people with the name "Johannes" who were involved in the early history of the city. Among them is the principal clerk attached to the office of the surveyor-general Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, who was a member of the Volksraad and was the Republic's chief of mining. Another was Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (better known as Paul Kruger), president of the South African Republic (ZAR) from 1883 to 1900. Johannes Meyer, the first government official in the area is another possibility.[22]

Precise records for the choice of name were lost. Johannes Rissik and Johannes Joubert were members of a delegation sent to England to obtain mining rights for the area. Joubert had a park in the city named after him, and Rissik has his name for one of the main streets in the city where the historically important albeit dilapidated Rissik Street Post Office is located.[23][24] The City Hall is also located on Rissik Street.

## History

[edit]

Main articles: History of Johannesburg and Timeline of Johannesburg

The region surrounding Johannesburg was originally inhabited by San hunter-gatherers who used stone tools. There is evidence that they lived there up to ten centuries ago.[25] Stone-walled ruins of Sotho–Tswana towns and villages are scattered around the parts of the former Transvaal in which Johannesburg is situated.[26]

By the mid-18th century, the broader region was largely settled by various Sotho–Tswana communities (one linguistic branch of Bantu-speakers), whose villages, towns, chiefdoms and kingdoms stretched from the Bechuanaland Protectorate (what is now Botswana) in the west,[27] to present day Lesotho in the south,[28] to the present day Pedi areas of the Limpopo Province. More specifically, the stone-walled ruins of Sotho–Tswana towns and villages are scattered around the parts of the former Transvaal province in which Johannesburg is situated.

Many Sotho–Tswana towns and villages in the areas around Johannesburg were destroyed and their people driven away during the wars emanating from Zululand during the late 18th and early 19th centuries (the mfecane or difaqane wars),[29] and as a result, an offshoot of the Zulu kingdom, the Ndebele (often referred to as the Matabele, the name given them by the local Sotho–Tswana), set up a kingdom to the northwest of Johannesburg around modern-day Rustenburg.

### Gold rush and naming of the city

[edit]

Main article: Witwatersrand Gold Rush

The Langlaagte farm near Paarlshoop, on the Witwatersrand – site of the first discovery of gold in 1886. Ferreirasdorp gold mine in 1886, the oldest part of Johannesburg[30][31] and where the first gold diggers initially settled.[32]

The main Witwatersrand gold reef was discovered in June 1884 on the farm Vogelstruisfontein by Jan Gerritse Bantjes, son of Jan Bantjes. This triggered the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the founding of Johannesburg in 1886. The discovery of gold rapidly attracted people to the area, making necessary a name and governmental organisation for the area. Jan, Johan and Johannes were common male names among the Dutch of that time; two men involved in surveying the area for the best location of the city, Christian Johannes Joubert and Johann Rissik, are considered the source of the name by some. Johannes Meyer, the first government official in the area is another possibility. Precise records for the choice of name were lost.[33] Within ten years, the city of Johannesburg included 100,000 people.[34]

In September 1884, the Struben brothers discovered the Confidence Reef on the farm Wilgespruit near present-day Roodepoort, which further boosted excitement over gold prospects.[35]: 254 The first gold to be crushed on the Witwatersrand was the gold-bearing rock from the Bantjes mine crushed using the Struben brothers stamp machine. News of the discovery soon reached Kimberley and directors Cecil Rhodes and Sir Joseph Robinson rode up to investigate the rumours for themselves. They were guided to the Bantjes camp with its tents strung out over several kilometres and stayed with Bantjes for two nights.[citation needed]

In 1884, they purchased the first pure refined gold from Bantjes for £3,000. Incidentally, Bantjes had from 1881 been operating the Kromdraai Gold Mine in the Cradle of Humankind together with his partner Johannes Stephanus Minnaar where they first discovered gold in 1881, and which also offered another kind of discovery—the early ancestors of all mankind.[citation needed] Some report Australian George Harrison as the first to make a claim for gold in the area that became Johannesburg, as he found gold on a farm in July 1886. He did not remain in the area.[36]

On 3 October 1886 the name Johannesburg was first used. Surveyor Jos de Villiers surveyed Johannesburg's first neighborhood, Randjeslaagte, between 19 October and 3 November that year.[37][38]

Gold was earlier discovered some 400 kilometres (249 miles) to the east of present-day Johannesburg in Barberton. Gold prospectors soon discovered the richer gold reefs of the Witwatersrand offered by Bantjes. The original miners' camp, under the informal leadership of Col Ignatius Ferreira, was located in the Fordsburg dip, possibly because water was available there, and because of the site's proximity to the diggings. Following the establishment of Johannesburg, the area was taken over by the Transvaal government who had it surveyed and named it Ferreira's Township, today the suburb of Ferreirasdorp. The first settlement at Ferreira's Camp was established as a tented camp and which soon reached a population of 3,000 by 1887.[34] The government took over the camp, surveyed it and named it Ferreira's Township.[39] By 1896, Johannesburg was established as a city of over 100,000 inhabitants, one of the fastest growing cities ever.[34]

Part of the batch of the first commercial aerial photographs of South Africa, showing Johannesburg, captured from a balloon by Swiss photographer and balloonist Spelterini (1911). In the background goldmining activity can be seen.[40]

Mines near Johannesburg are among the deepest in the world, with some as deep as 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).[41]

### Rapid growth, Jameson Raid and the Second Boer War

[edit]

Johannesburg in 1889 Commissioner Street in 1895

Like many late 19th-century mining towns, Johannesburg was a rough and disorganised place, populated by white miners from all continents, African tribesmen were recruited to perform unskilled mine work, African women beer brewers cooked for and sold beer to the black migrant workers, a very large number of European prostitutes, gangsters, impoverished Afrikaners, tradesmen, and the "AmaWasha", Zulu men who surprisingly dominated laundry work.[42] As the value of control of the land increased, tensions developed between the Boer–dominated Transvaal government in Pretoria and the British, culminating in the Jameson Raid that ended in fiasco at Doornkop in January 1896. The Second Boer War (1899–1902) saw British forces under Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, occupy the city on 30 May 1900 after a series of battles to the south-west of its then-limits, near present-day Krugersdorp.[citation needed]

Fighting took place at the Gatsrand Pass (near Zakariyya Park) on 27 May, north of Vanwyksrust—today's Nancefield, Eldorado Park and Naturena—the next day, culminating in a mass infantry attack on what is now the waterworks ridge in Chiawelo and Senaoane on 29 May.[43][44]

During the Boer war, many African mineworkers left Johannesburg creating a labour shortage, which the mines ameliorated by bringing in labourers from China, especially southern China. After the war, they were replaced by black workers, but many Chinese stayed on, creating Johannesburg's Chinese community, which during the apartheid era, was not legally classified as "Asian", but as "Coloured". The population in 1904 was 155,642, of whom 83,363 were whites.[45]

### Post-Union history

[edit]

Pritchard Street c. 1910

In 1917, Johannesburg became the headquarters of the Anglo-American Corporation founded by Ernest Oppenheimer which ultimately became one of the world's largest corporations, dominating both gold-mining and diamond-mining in South Africa. Major building developments took place in the 1930s, after South Africa went off the gold standard.[citation needed][46] In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Hillbrow went high-rise. In the 1950s and early 1960s, the apartheid government constructed the massive agglomeration of townships that became known as Soweto. New freeways encouraged massive suburban sprawl to the north of the city.[citation needed] In the late 1960s and early 1970s, tower blocks (including the Carlton Centre and the Southern Life Centre) filled the skyline of the central business district.

The system of apartheid, a comprehensive system of racial separation was imposed upon South Africa starting in 1948. For its growth, the economy of Johannesburg depended upon hundreds of thousands of skilled white workers imported from Europe and semi- and un-skilled black workers imported from other parts of Southern Africa. Though they worked together they were forced by the government to live separately. Work was considered to be an exception to apartheid in order to keep Johannesburg functioning as South Africa's economic capital.[47]

Stuttafords department stores in Johannesburg in 1957

In the 1950s, the government began a policy of building townships for black families (prior to this unskilled workers were asked to work on "single status" in male-only hostels at the mines and had to commute to see their families in whatever province they originated) outside of Johannesburg to provide workers for Johannesburg.[47] Soweto, a township founded for black workers coming to work in the gold mines of Johannesburg, was intended to house 50,000 people, but soon was the home of ten times that number as thousands of unemployed rural blacks came to Johannesburg for employment and an income to send back to their villages.[48] It was estimated that in 1989, the population of Soweto was equal to that of Johannesburg, if not greater.[48]

In March 1960, Johannesburg witnessed widespread demonstrations against apartheid in response to the Sharpeville massacre.[49] On 11 July 1963, the South African Police raided a house in the Johannesburg suburb of Rivonia where nine members of the banned African National Congress (ANC) were arrested on charges of planning sabotage. Their arrest led to the famous Rivonia Trial.[48] The nine arrested included one Indo-South African, one coloured, two whites and five blacks, one of whom was the future president Nelson Mandela.[50] At their trial, the accused freely admitted that they were guilty of what they were charged with, namely of planning to blow up the hydro-electric system of Johannesburg to shut down the gold mines, but Mandela argued to the court that the ANC had tried non-violent resistance to apartheid and failed, leaving him with no other choice.[50] The trial made Mandela into a national figure and a symbol of resistance to apartheid.[50]

Street scene in Johannesburg in 1970

On 16 June 1976, demonstrations broke out in Soweto over a government decree that black school-children be educated in Afrikaans instead of English, and after the police fired on the demonstrations, rioting against apartheid began in Soweto and spread into the greater Johannesburg area.[51] About 575 people, the majority of whom were black, were killed in the Soweto uprising of 1976.[49] Between 1984 and 1986, South Africa was in turmoil as a series of nationwide protests, strikes and riots took place against apartheid, and the black townships around Johannesburg were scenes of some of the fiercest struggles between the police and anti-apartheid demonstrators.[52]

The central area of the city underwent something of a decline in the 1980s and 1990s, due to the high crime rate and when property speculators directed large amounts of capital into suburban shopping malls, decentralised office parks, and entertainment centres. Sandton City was opened in 1973, followed by Rosebank Mall in 1976, and Eastgate in 1979.[53]

During the 1990s, the city faced rapid growth of crime throughout large parts of the city. Some areas of skyscrapers were abandoned, many residents left their homes, and businesses moved out. Some historical buildings in central areas were destroyed by fires that spread relentlessly.[54]

### Twenty-first century

[edit]

Fans of South Africa national soccer team watching the 2010 FIFA World Cup with vuvuzelas in the township of Soweto, a suburb of Johannesburg.

The end of apartheid saw the administrative unification of Johannesburg's apartheid-era city proper with surrounding townships and settlements into the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. However, the spatial legacy of apartheid has proven difficult to overcome and Johannesburg remains among the most unequal cities in the world.[55]

In 2025, Johannesburg remained the world's fifth most dangerous city by crime rate.[56] Attempts to revive Johannesburg's CBD, most notably in the Maboneng District, have failed to halt the rising crime rate and infrastructure deterioration in the inner city.[57][58] Abandoned buildings in the city's Hillbrow district have been increasingly captured by gangs and on 31 August 2023, at least 76 people died when a hijacked building caught fire in Johannesburg.[59] In March 2025, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa launched a rescue plan to address the city's "rapidly declining infrastructure".[60]

Since 1994, Johannesburg has further seen increased incidents of xenophobic violence against migrants from other African countries. On 12 May 2008, a series of riots started in the township of Alexandra, in the north-eastern part of Johannesburg, when locals attacked migrants from Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe, killing two people and injuring 40 others. These riots sparked the nationwide xenophobic attacks of 2008, which saw 60 more killings and widespread destruction of immigrant properties.[61] The 2015 and 2019 Johannesburg riots similarly displayed outbreaks of mass violence against migrants.[62][63]

Modern Johannesburg has hosted a number of international summits and sport events. The 2010 FIFA World Cup final took place at FNB Stadium, the largest stadium in Africa, while the World Cup closing ceremony on the next day saw the final public appearance of Nelson Mandela.[64][65] In 2015, Johannesburg hosted the African Union Summit, which sparked international outrage as South Africa aided the arrival and escape of Omar al-Bashir despite an international arrest warrant for war crimes by the International Criminal Court.[66] In 2018, Johannesburg hosted the 10th BRICS Summit and in 2023 the 15th BRICS summit.[67] The 2025 G20 Johannesburg Summit will see heads of state and government convene for the first G20 Presidency of an African country.

## Geography

[edit]

### Topography

[edit]

Satellite image of Johannesburg January 2008 Johannesburg aerial view looking towards the south-east

Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former Central Business District is located on the southern side of the prominent ridge called the Witwatersrand (English: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the north and south. By and large the Witwatersrand marks the watershed between the Limpopo and Vaal rivers as the northern part of the city is drained by the Jukskei River while the southern part of the city, including most of the Central Business District, is drained by the Klip River. The north and west of the city has undulating hills while the eastern parts are flatter.

Johannesburg may not be built on a river or harbour, but its streams contribute to two of southern Africa's mightiest rivers, the Limpopo and the Orange. Most of the springs from which many of these streams emanate are now covered in concrete and canalised, accounting for the fact that the names of early farms in the area often end with "fontein", meaning "spring" in Afrikaans. Braamfontein, Rietfontein, Zevenfontein, Doornfontein, Zandfontein and Randjesfontein are some examples. When the first white settlers reached the area that is now Johannesburg, they noticed the glistening rocks on the ridges, running with trickles of water, fed by the streams—giving the area its name, the Witwatersrand, "the ridge of white waters". Another explanation is that the whiteness comes from the quartzite rock, which has a particular sheen to it after rain.[68]

The site was not chosen for its streams, however. The main reasons the city was founded where it stands today was because of the gold. Indeed, the city once sat near massive amounts of gold, given that at one point the Witwatersrand gold industry produced forty per cent of the planet's gold.[69]

### Parks and gardens

[edit]

Main article: Johannesburg City Parks

Johannesburg Botanical Garden

Parks and gardens in Johannesburg are maintained by Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo.[70] City Parks is also responsible for planting the city's many green trees, making Johannesburg one of the 'greenest' cities in the world. It has been estimated that there are six million trees in the city with the number growing every year—1.2 million on pavements and sidewalks, and a further 4.8 million in private gardens.[71] City Parks continues to invest in planting trees, particularly those previously disadvantaged areas of Johannesburg which were not positive beneficiaries of apartheid Johannesburg's urban planning. Johannesburg Botanical Garden, located in the suburb of Emmarentia, is a popular recreational park.

Johannesburg and environs also offer various options to visitors wishing to view wildlife, in addition to the Johannesburg Zoo, one of the largest in South Africa. The Lion Park nature reserve, next to Lesedi Cultural Village, is home to over 80 lions and various other game, while the Krugersdorp Nature Reserve, a 1500 ha game reserve, is a forty-minute drive from the city centre. The De Wildt Cheetah Centre[72] in the Magaliesberg runs a successful breeding program for cheetah, wild dog and other endangered species. The Rhino & Lion Nature Reserve,[73] situated in the "Cradle of Humankind" on 1200 ha of "the typical highveld of Gauteng" also runs a breeding programme for endangered species including Bengal tigers, Siberian tigers and the extremely rare white lion.[citation needed] To the south, 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) from the city centre, is the Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve home to large mammals and hiking trails. Separating Lenasia and the Soweto suburbs is the Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve protected area.

### Climate

[edit]

An aerial photograph of summer rain clouds over Johannesburg. The city's climate experiences regular daily thunderstorms from November to March in the afternoons.

Johannesburg is situated on the highveld plateau, and has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb). The city enjoys a sunny climate, with the summer months (October to April) characterised by hot days followed by afternoon thundershowers and cool evenings, and the winter months (May to September) by dry, sunny days followed by cold nights.[74] Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild due to the city's high elevation, with an average maximum daytime temperature in January of 25.6 °C (78.1 °F), dropping to an average maximum of around 16 °C (61 °F) in June. The UV index for Johannesburg in summers is extreme, often reaching 14–16 due to the high elevation and its location in the subtropics.[75]

Winter is the sunniest time of the year, with mild days and cool nights, dropping to 4.1 °C (39.4 °F) in June and July. The temperature occasionally drops to below freezing at night, causing frost. Snow is a rare occurrence, with snowfall having been experienced in the twentieth century during May 1956, August 1962, June 1964 and September 1981. In the 21st century, there was light sleet in 2006, as well as snow proper on 27 June 2007 (accumulating up to 10 centimetres or 4 inches in the southern suburbs),[76] 7 August 2012,[77] and 10 July 2023.[78]

Regular cold fronts pass over in winter bringing very cold southerly winds but usually clear skies. The annual average rainfall is 713 millimetres (28.1 in), which is mostly concentrated in the summer months. Infrequent showers occur through the course of the winter months. The lowest nighttime minimum temperature ever recorded in Johannesburg is −8.2 °C (17.2 °F), on 13 June 1979. The lowest daytime maximum temperature recorded is 1.5 °C (34.7 °F), on 19 June 1964.[79]

Climate data for Johannesburg (O. R. Tambo International Airport), elevation 1,695 m (5,561 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–1990)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 41.4
(106.5)  | 33.5
(92.3)  | 31.9
(89.4)  | 29.3
(84.7)  | 26.4
(79.5)  | 23.1
(73.6)  | 24.4
(75.9)  | 26.2
(79.2)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 32.2
(90.0)  | 38.5
(101.3)  | 39.4
(102.9)  | 41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 25.5
(77.9)  | 25.6
(78.1)  | 24.4
(75.9)  | 21.7
(71.1)  | 19.6
(67.3)  | 17.3
(63.1)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 20.1
(68.2)  | 23.6
(74.5)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 25.1
(77.2)  | 25.5
(77.9)  | 22.6
(72.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 20.0
(68.0)  | 19.8
(67.6)  | 18.6
(65.5)  | 16.1
(61.0)  | 13.5
(56.3)  | 10.7
(51.3)  | 10.5
(50.9)  | 13.1
(55.6)  | 16.7
(62.1)  | 17.1
(62.8)  | 17.9
(64.2)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 15.5
(59.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 14.9
(58.8)  | 14.7
(58.5)  | 13.4
(56.1)  | 10.7
(51.3)  | 7.6
(45.7)  | 4.7
(40.5)  | 4.1
(39.4)  | 6.5
(43.7)  | 9.8
(49.6)  | 11.8
(53.2)  | 13.1
(55.6)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 10.5
(50.9)
Record low °C (°F)  | 7.2
(45.0)  | 6.0
(42.8)  | 2.1
(35.8)  | 0.5
(32.9)  | −2.5
(27.5)  | −8.2
(17.2)  | −5.1
(22.8)  | −5.0
(23.0)  | −3.3
(26.1)  | 0.2
(32.4)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | 3.5
(38.3)  | −8.2
(17.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 131.7
(5.19)  | 102.0
(4.02)  | 94.8
(3.73)  | 42.1
(1.66)  | 20.0
(0.79)  | 6.6
(0.26)  | 1.7
(0.07)  | 5.4
(0.21)  | 16.2
(0.64)  | 68.4
(2.69)  | 101.1
(3.98)  | 130.0
(5.12)  | 720
(28.36)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.2  | 8.4  | 8.1  | 4.7  | 1.8  | 1.1  | 0.3  | 0.8  | 1.8  | 7.0  | 10.4  | 12.6  | 67.2
Average relative humidity (%)  | 69  | 70  | 68  | 65  | 56  | 53  | 49  | 46  | 47  | 56  | 65  | 66  | 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 250.1  | 224.8  | 238.8  | 236.9  | 276.0  | 266.9  | 283.9  | 284.1  | 280.8  | 269.5  | 248.7  | 263.9  | 3,124.4
Mean daily daylight hours | 13.6  | 13.0  | 12.2  | 11.5  | 10.8  | 10.5  | 10.7  | 11.2  | 12.0  | 12.7  | 13.4  | 13.8  | 12.1
Average ultraviolet index | 14  | 14  | 12  | 9  | 6  | 5  | 5  | 7  | 9  | 12  | 14  | 14  | 10
Source 1: NOAA (humidity and sun 1961–1990)[80]Starlings Roost Weather[81]
Source 2: South African Weather Service[82] Weather Atlas[83]

## Demographics

[edit]

Johannesburg populationYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1886 | 3,000| —
1904 | 99,052| +21.44%
1908 | 180,687| +16.22%
1985 | 1,783,000| +3.02%
1990 | 1,898,000| +1.26%
2000 | 2,745,000| +3.76%
2001 | 3,326,055| +21.17%
2005 | 3,272,600| −0.40%
2011 | 4,474,829| +5.35%
2022 | 4,803,262[7]| +0.65%
Source: [84][45][85][86]

According to the 2022 South African National Census, the population of Johannesburg is 4,803,262 people,[86] making it the most populous city in South Africa (it has been the most populous city in South Africa since at least the 1950s).[87][88] From the 2001 census, the people live in 1,006,930 formal households, of which 86% have a flush or chemical toilet, and 91% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week. 81% of households have access to running water, and 80% use electricity as the main source of energy. 29% of Johannesburg residents stay in informal dwellings.[89] 66% of households are headed by one person.

Johannesburg's urban agglomeration spreads well beyond the administrative boundary of the municipality. The population of the whole area has been estimated to be variously at 7,860,781 in 2011 by "citypopulation.de",.[8] Johannesburg's suburbs are the product of urban sprawl and are regionalised into north, south, east and west, and they generally have different personalities.[90] Greater Johannesburg consists of more than five hundred suburbs in an area covering more than two hundred square miles (520 square kilometres).[69] Although black Africans can be found throughout Johannesburg and its surrounding area, greater Johannesburg remains highly racially segregated.[69]

Within the Metropolitan Municipality, the old centre, established in 1886 and given city status in 1928, has been listed in recent censuses as a "main place". As of 2011[update], this main place had a population of 957,441 and an area of 334.81 km2.[91][92][93] Some authors consider the metropolitan area to include most of Gauteng province.[94] The UN's Population Division in 2016 estimated the metropolitan area population to be 9,616,000.[95]

Blacks account for 73% of the population, followed by whites at 18%, coloureds at 6% and Asians at 4%. 42% of the population is under the age of 24, while 6% of the population is over 60 years of age. 37% of city residents are unemployed. 91% of the unemployed are Black African. Women comprise 43% of the working population. 19% of economically active adults work in wholesale and retail sectors, 18% in financial, real estate and business services, 17% in the community, social and personal services and 12% are in manufacturing. Only 0.7% work in mining.

Ethnic make-up of Johannesburg, 1948  Race | Number | Percent

|
|

Black | 510,160 | 56%
White | 364,400 | 40%
Coloured | 27,330 | 3%
Indian | 9,110 | 1%

[96]

Ethnic make-up of Johannesburg  Year | 1996 | 2001 | 2011 | 2019

|
|
|
|

Race | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent
Black | 1,814,760 | 71% | 2,354,475 | 73% | 3,361,600 | 76.60% | 4,130,000 | 80.17%
White | 587,880 | 23% | 516,049 | 16% | 541,000 | 12.30% | 504,000 | 9.79%
Coloured | 102,240 | 4% | 193,518 | 6% | 246,400 | 5.60% | 272,000 | 5.27%
Indian | 51,120 | 2% | 129,012 | 4% | 215,600 | 4.90% | 245,000 | 4.76%

[97] [98]

### Religion

[edit]

Dutch Reformed Church in Jeppestown

53% belong to mainstream Christian churches, 24% are not affiliated with any organised religion, 14% are members of African Independent Churches, 3% are Muslim, 1% are Jewish and 1% are Hindu. There are Muslim mosques, Hindu temples, a Sikh Gurudwara (Sikh Temple) in Sandton and a large number of synagogues.

#### Christianity

[edit]

Places of worship in Johannesburg are predominantly Christian churches: Serbian Orthodox Church, Zion Christian Church, Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa, Assemblies of God, Baptist Union of Southern Africa (Baptist World Alliance), Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK), Methodist Church of Southern Africa (World Methodist Council), Anglican Church of Southern Africa (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church of Africa (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Johannesburg (Catholic Church) and the Johannesburg South Africa Temple (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints).[99] Albert Street Methodist Church in central Johannesburg is historically significant for its role as a refuge for anti-apartheid activists, including Albertina Sisulu.

#### Judaism

[edit]

Most of Johannesburg's estimated 50,000 Jews live in the North Eastern suburbs; Glenhazel, Raedene Estate, Kew, Norwood, Highlands North, Sandringham, Savoy Estate, Waverley, Orchards, Oaklands and Fairmount.[100] There are many Orthodox synagogues in the city including; Great Park Synagogue, Oxford Shul and Doornfontein Synagogue. There is a smaller number of synagogues serving the city's Reform Jews, including Temple Israel and Beit Emanuel.

### Languages

[edit]

Geographical distribution of home languages in Johannesburg

Afrikaans

English

Ndebele

Xhosa

Zulu

Northern Sotho

Sotho

Tswana

Venda

Tsonga

No language dominant

32% of Johannesburg residents speak Nguni languages at home, 24% speak Sotho languages, 18% speak English, 7% speak Afrikaans and 6% speak Tshivenda.

Gender  | Population  | %

|
|

Female  | 473,148  | 49.42
Male  | 484,293  | 50.58
Race  | Population  | %

|
|

Black African | 614,793  | 64.21
White | 133,379  | 13.93
Coloured | 133,029  | 13.89
Asian | 63,918  | 6.68
Other  | 12,320  | 1.29
First language | Population[6][101] | %

|
|

Zulu | 1,022,747  | 23.41
Sotho | 420,117  | 9.61
Xhosa | 298,523  | 6.83
Afrikaans | 318,063  | 7.28
Tswana | 335,713  | 7.68
Sepedi | 317,277  | 7.26
English | 878,230  | 20.10
Tsonga | 287,625  | 6.58
Swazi | 35,926  | 0.82
Venda | 141,435  | 3.24
Ndebele | 126,587  | 2.90
Other | 168,566  | 3.86
Sign language | 18,793  | 0.43

### Education

[edit]

The University of the Witwatersrand

Johannesburg has a well-developed higher education system of both private and public universities. Johannesburg is served by the public universities University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Johannesburg.

University of Johannesburg was formed on 1 January 2005, when three separate universities and campuses—Rand Afrikaans University, Technikon Witwatersrand, and the Johannesburg campuses of Vista University—were merged. The new university offers education primarily in English and Afrikaans, although courses may be taken in any of South Africa's official languages.

The University of the Witwatersrand is one of the leading universities in Africa,[102] and is famous as a centre of resistance to apartheid. It is attached to one of the world's largest hospitals, the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, located in Soweto.

The University of Pretoria's business school the Gordon Institute of Business Science is located in Illovo, Johannesburg.

Many private colleges are also situated in Johannesburg, such as Damelin,[103] CTI,[104] Lyceum College[105] and the South African campus[106] of Monash University (six of the other campuses are in Australia, while the eighth is in Malaysia), as well as the Midrand Graduate Institute[107] which is located in Midrand.

Johannesburg also has one of several film schools in the country, one of which has won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Student Film in 2006.[108] The South African School of Motion Picture and Live Performance, or AFDA for short, is situated in Auckland Park.

Johannesburg also has three teacher-training colleges and a technical college. There are numerous kindergartens, primary schools and high schools in the region.

## Economy

[edit]

The Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Johannesburg is the economic and financial hub of South Africa, producing 16% of South Africa's gross domestic product, and accounts for 40% of Gauteng's economic activity.[citation needed] In a 2008 survey conducted by Mastercard, Johannesburg ranked 47 out of 50 top cities in the world as a worldwide centre of commerce (the only city in Africa).[109]

Mining was the foundation of the Witwatersrand's economy, but its importance is gradually declining due to dwindling reserves and service and manufacturing industries have become more significant to the city's economy. While gold mining no longer takes place within the city limits, most mining companies still have their headquarters in Johannesburg. The city's manufacturing industries extend across a range of areas and there is still a reliance on heavy industries including steel and cement plants. The service and other industries include banking, IT, real estate, transport, broadcast and print media, private health care, transport and a vibrant leisure and consumer retail market.[citation needed] Johannesburg has Africa's largest stock exchange, the JSE although it has moved out of the central business district. Due to its commercial role, the city is the seat of the provincial government and the site of a number of government branch offices, as well as consular offices and other institutions.

The Witwatersrand urban complex is a major consumer of water in a dry region. Its continued economic and population growth has depended on schemes to divert water from other regions of South Africa and from the highlands of Lesotho, the biggest of which is the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, but additional sources will be needed early in the 21st century.

The container terminal at City Deep is known to be the largest "dry port" in the world,[110] with some 50% of cargo that arrives through the ports of Durban and Cape Town arriving in Johannesburg. The City Deep area has been declared an IDZ (industrial development zone) by the Gauteng government.[citation needed][111]

### Retail

[edit]

See also: Category: Shopping centres in Johannesburg

Sandton City shopping mall in Sandton, Johannesburg.

Johannesburg's largest shopping centres, measured by gross leasable area (GLA, the uniform measure of centre size as determined by the International Council of Shopping Centers) are Sandton City, Eastgate, Mall of Africa, Westgate and Cresta. Melrose Arch is one of its most prestigious.[citation needed] Other centres include Hyde Park Corner, Rosebank, Southgate, The Glen Shopping Centre, Johannesburg South, and Clearwater Mall. There were also plans to build a large shopping centre, known as the Zonk'Izizwe Shopping Resort, in Midrand, but these have been indefinitely delayed due to the opening of Mall of Africa. "Zonk'Izizwe" means "All Nations" in Zulu language, indicating that the centre will cater to the city's diverse mix of peoples and races. Also a complex named Greenstone in Modderfontein has been opened.[112] Cradlestone Mall is a new mall named for its location which is close to the Cradle of Humankind, a World Heritage Site.

## Law and government

[edit]

### Government

[edit]

Main article: City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality

The seven regions of the city

Upon the creation of the Metropolitan Municipality in 2000 the city was subdivided into eleven regions, simply named Region 1 to Region 11. These were reorganised in 2006 into the current seven regions named alphabetically Region A to Region G, as shown on the nearby map.[113]

As of 2006[update] the seven regions are:

* Region A: Diepsloot, Kya Sand;
* Region B: Randburg, Rosebank, Emmarentia, Greenside, Melville, Northcliff, Rosebank, Parktown, Parktown North;
* Region C: Roodepoort, Constantia Kloof, Northgate;
* Region D: Doornkop, Soweto, Dobsonville, Protea Glen;
* Region E: Alexandra, Wynberg, Sandton;
* Region F: Inner City;
* Region G: Orange Farm, Ennerdale, Lenasia.

In the 2016 municipal elections, the ruling party, the ANC, lost their majority in Johannesburg for the first time since taking power in 1994, claiming only 44.12% of the vote. The Economic Freedom Fighters and Democratic Alliance both agreed to vote for the DA mayoral candidate, Herman Mashaba, who was sworn into power as the first Democratic Alliance mayor of Johannesburg on 22 August 2016.[114] The ANC returned to the city's executive on 4 December 2019 following the election of its regional chair, Geoff Makhubo, to the mayoralty.[115] Makhubo died on 9 July 2021 and Eunice Mgcina was appointed acting mayor.[116] A new mayor, Jolidee Matongo, was elected unopposed on 10 August 2021.[117] Matongo died in a car accident in September 2021 and Mpho Moerane was elected to succeed him.[118]

### Crime

[edit]

Officers of the South African Police Service with Vektor R5 rifles on parade in Johannesburg, 2010 A shanty town in Soweto township

After the Group Areas Act was scrapped in 1991, Johannesburg was affected by urban blight. Thousands of poor black people, who had been forbidden to live in the city proper, moved into the city from surrounding black townships like Soweto and many immigrants from economically beleaguered and wartorn African nations flooded into South Africa. Many buildings were abandoned by landlords, especially in high-density areas, such as Hillbrow. Many corporations and institutions, including the stock exchange, moved their headquarters away from the city centre, to suburbs like Sandton.[119]

Reviving the city centre is one of the main aims of the municipal government of Johannesburg. Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city. These measures include closed-circuit television on street corners. As of 11 December 2008, every street corner in Johannesburg central is under high-tech CCTV surveillance.[120] The CCTV system, operated by the Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department (JMPD), is also able to detect stolen or hijacked vehicles by scanning the number plates of every vehicle travelling through the central business district (CBD), then comparing them to the eNaTIS database. The JMPD claims that the average response time by police for crimes committed in the CBD is 60 seconds.[120]

Crime levels in Johannesburg have dropped as the economy has stabilised and begun to grow.[121] Between 2001 and 2006, R9-billion (US$1.2 billion) has been invested in the city centre. Further investment of around R10-billion (US$1.5 billion) is expected in the city centre alone by 2010. This excludes development directly associated with the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[122] In an effort to prepare Johannesburg for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, local government enlisted the help of Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City, to help bring down the crime rate, as the opening and closing matches of the tournament were played in the city.[123]

Murders in the Johannesburg municipality amounted to 1,697 in 2007 according to the South African Medical Research Council, a rate of 43 per 100,000 inhabitants.[124] In 2016 that number had sharply declined to 29.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, placing the murder rate at more than half of that of Cape Town and even below the national average.[125]

## Arts and culture

[edit]

Johannesburg is a cultural hub in South Africa[126] and has a wide variety of cultural venues, making it a prominent area for many creative and cultural industries.[126] Johannesburg is home to the National School of Arts, The University of Witwatersrand's School of the Arts and the South African Ballet Theatre,[126][127] as well as cultural precincts such as Mary Fitzgerald Square[126] and numerous other museums, theatres, galleries and libraries.[126] The Johannesburg City Library is located in the Central Business District of Johannesburg.[128]

### Museums and galleries

[edit]

Johannesburg Art Gallery Apartheid Museum

The Johannesburg Art Gallery (JAG) is widely considered among the most notable collections of fine art on the African continent, featuring European and African art from the 15th century to the present.[129][130] Wits Art Museum in Braamfontein specializes in historic and contemporary African art.[131] Johannesburg is further home to an array of noteworthy private collections and art galleries, largely located in the northern suburbs. These include the Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation (JCAF), Goodman Gallery, Gallery MOMO and the Standard Bank Art Gallery.

Several museums were established since 1994 to remember and educate on South Africa's political history. These include the Apartheid Museum, Constitution Hill, Hector Pieterson Museum and Mandela House. Further, Museum Africa is dedicated to showcasing the continent's history through its Africana collection. Other historical museums include the South African National Museum of Military History, the Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre and the Workers Museum. The Origins Centre at the University of the Witwatersrand explores the history of humankind and features exhibitions on African sand and rock art.

Specialist museums and collections cover subjects such as Africana, costume, design, fossils, geology, military history, medical, pharmacy, photography and transportation networks such as railways. Notably, the James Hall Museum of Transport features the largest collection on the topic in Africa. Other specialist collections include the AECI Dynamite Factory Museum, the Adler Museum of Medicine, the Credo Mutwa Cultural Village, Madiba Freedom Museum, Bernberg Fashion Museum, and the Zoology Museum.

### Entertainment and performing arts

[edit]

Rise Against performing live in Johannesburg, South Africa, as part of RAMFest 2013

Johannesburg hosts many of South Africa's premier music events, such as RAMFest's Johannesburg leg,[132][133][134][135] In The City[136] and many international tours from bands and artists around the world.[137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144] Several critically acclaimed musical acts come from Johannesburg, such as Kongos, Johnny Clegg, Trevor Rabin, Zebra & Giraffe, Man As Machine, The Parlotones, and ShortStraw.

The Joburg Theatre complex hosts drama, opera and ballet.

The Market Theatre Foundation houses the historic Market Theatre in Newtown with various sized stages holding performances from theatre to music and dance. The foundation also oversees the Market Theatre Laboratory and The Market Photo Workshop – run training programmes for young creatives and presenting work to the public.

### Public art

[edit]

Public art ranges from sculptures to murals to pieces by artists like William Kentridge and Gerhard Marx's Fire Walker. Many pieces are developed through community workshops, such as the Vilakazi Street sculptures. Others are functional, such as street furniture found in Hillbrow and the city centre.[citation needed]

As part of the Johannesburg Development Agency's (JDA) policy to make city areas desirable to potential investors, the organisation has identified public art as a way to improve the urban experience of the city.[145] The JDA spends 1 percent of all projects of over R10-million on public art.[146]

### Architecture and urbanism

[edit]

Main articles: Architecture of Johannesburg and Suburbs of Johannesburg

Trust Bank Building in 2018 Johannesburg Central Business District

Johannesburg is home to some of Africa's tallest structures, such as the Sentech Tower, Hillbrow Tower, the Carlton Centre and Ponte City Apartments. The Johannesburg city skyline has most of the tallest buildings on the continent and contains most international organisations such as IBM, Absa, BHP, Willis Group, First National Bank, Nedbank and Standard Bank. Many of the city's older buildings have been demolished and more modern ones built in their place. North of the CBD is Hillbrow, the most densely populated residential area in southern Africa. Northwest of the CBD is Braamfontein, a secondary CBD housing many offices and business premises. The CBD is predominated by four styles of architecture, being Victorian Colonial, Edwardian Baroque, Art Deco and Modernism.

The city is often described as Africa's economic powerhouse, and contentiously as a modern and prosperous African city.[147] Johannesburg, like many metropolises, has more than one central business district (CBD), including, but not limited to, Sandton, Rosebank and Roodepoort in addition to the original CBD. Some tend to include Benoni and Germiston as well.

Due to its many different central districts, Johannesburg would fall under the multiple nuclei model in human geography terms. It is the hub of South Africa's commercial, financial, industrial, and mining undertakings. Johannesburg is part of a larger urban region. It is closely linked with several other satellite towns. Randburg and Sandton form part of the northern area. The east and west ridges spread out from central Johannesburg. The Central Business District covers an area of 6 square kilometres (2 sq mi). It consists of closely packed skyscrapers such as the Carlton Centre, Marble Towers, Trust Bank Building, Ponte City Apartments, Southern Life Centre and 11 Diagonal Street.

Johannesburg's city centre retains its elements of a rectangular grid pattern that was first officially recorded in 1886.[69] Streets are narrow and filled with high rises built in the mid- to late 1900s. Old Victorian–era buildings first built in the late 1800s have been torn down long ago.[69] The 1900s brought along with it the introduction of many different architectural styles and structures. The Johannesburg Art Gallery and Supreme Court Building being two examples. These were important Beaux-Arts structures, with the style put in place by (at the time) colonial parent, the British Empire.[69] South Africa didn't borrow architectural techniques exclusively from Britain, however. They were also inspired by American models and styles, having built several structures like the ESKOM Building and the Corner House to emulate the prowess of New York City, located in the United States.[69]

Panoramic view of the Johannesburg Central Business District

### Sports

[edit]

Uruguay vs. Ghana at the FNB Stadium, during the 2010 FIFA World Cup

Johannesburg's most popular sports by participation are association football, cricket, rugby union, and running. Early each Sunday morning, tens of thousands of runners gather to take part in informal runs organised by several athletic clubs.

The city has several football clubs in the Premiership and the National First Division. In the Premiership, the top Johannesburg teams are all fierce rivals and include Kaizer Chiefs (nicknamed Amakhosi) and Orlando Pirates (nicknamed the Buccaneers). They are based at the city's FNB and Orlando stadiums. Several large-scale league and cup games are played at Soccer City the venue of the 2010 FIFA World Cup final. First Division teams are Jomo Cosmos and FC AK. Katlehong City and Alexandra United, play at Alexandra and Reiger Park stadium respectively.

Cricket is one of the more popular sports. In cricket, the Highveld Lions represent Johannesburg, the rest of Gauteng as well as the North West at the Wanderers Stadium which was the venue for the 2003 Cricket World Cup Final in which Australia successfully defended their title against India. Wanderers Stadium hosted what many cricket fans consider the greatest ever ODI match in which South Africa successfully chased down 434 runs. They take part in the first class SuperSport Series, the one-day MTN Domestic Championship and the Twenty20 Ram Slam T20 Challenge. Johannesburg also hosted matches from and the final of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, in which India beat Pakistan in the final.

The Lions, formerly the Cats, represent Johannesburg, North West and Mpumalanga in the United Rugby Championship competition, which includes teams from South Africa, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. The Golden Lions compete in the Currie Cup, which they have won on ten occasions. They are housed at Ellis Park Stadium, which also hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup final, in which the South African Springboks defeated the New Zealand All Blacks.

The city's Ticketpro Dome and the Ellis Park Arena hosted two of the three NBA Africa Games.[148]

## Infrastructure

[edit]

### Transportation

[edit]

Johannesburg is a young and sprawling city, with its public transportation built in its infancy, geared towards private motorists, and lacks a convenient public transportation system. The City though has invested a large percentage of its budget[when?] toward an effective integrated public transportation system. A significant number of the city's residents are dependent on the city's informal minibus taxis.[citation needed]

#### Roads

[edit]

Further information: Johannesburg Freeways

The M1 is a major freeway in Johannesburg

Johannesburg shares a network of metropolitan routes with Krugersdorp and Ekurhuleni. The fact that Johannesburg is not near a large navigable body of water has meant that ground transportation has been the most important method of transporting people and goods in and out of the city. One of Africa's most famous "beltways" or ring roads/orbitals is the Johannesburg Ring Road. The road is composed of three freeways that converge on the city, forming an 80-kilometre (50 mi) loop around it: the N3 Eastern Bypass, the N1 Western Bypass and the N12 Southern Bypass. The N3 was built exclusively with asphalt, while the N12 and N1 sections were made with concrete, hence the nickname given to the N1 Western Bypass, "The Concrete Highway". In spite of being up to 12 lanes wide in some areas, the Johannesburg Ring Road is frequently clogged with traffic. The Gillooly's Interchange (renamed George Bizos Interchange in 2021[149]), built on an old farm and the point at which the N3 Eastern Bypass and the R24 Airport Freeway intersect, is the busiest interchange in the Southern Hemisphere.[150] It is claimed[150][151] that the N1 is the busiest road in South Africa.

Johannesburg has a lot of freeways connected to it.[152] The N1 connects northwards to Pretoria and Polokwane and southwards to Bloemfontein and Cape Town.[152] The N3 connects south-east to Durban.[152] The N12 connects westwards to Potchefstroom and Kimberley and eastwards to eMalahleni.[152] The N14 passes at the north-western corner of the Johannesburg Municipality, connecting Pretoria with Krugersdorp.[152] The N17 connects eastwards to Ermelo and Eswatini.[152] The R21 connects the East Rand and O. R. Tambo International Airport with Pretoria.[152] The R24 connects the Johannesburg CBD with the airport.[152] The R59 connects southwards to Vereeniging and Sasolburg.[152] The M1 connects the Johannesburg CBD with the northern suburbs and the southern suburbs. The M2 connects the Johannesburg CBD with the Germiston CBD to the east. The M1 and M2 freeways are congested due to mass urbanisation.

Johannesburg also has a lot of non-freeway routes that connect to other towns and cities. The R24 connects the Johannesburg city centre with Roodepoort, Krugersdorp and Rustenburg to the west.[152] The R25 connects Johannesburg's northern suburbs with Modderfontein and Kempton Park to the north-east.[152] The R29 connects the city centre with Germiston, Boksburg and Benoni to the east.[152] The R41 connects the city centre with Roodepoort and Randfontein to the west.[152] The R55 connects Sandton with Pretoria West to the north.[152] The R82 connects Johannesburg South with Vereeniging to the south.[152] The R101 connects Sandton with Midrand, Centurion and Pretoria to the north.[152] The R511 connects Sandton with Diepsloot and Hartbeespoort to the north.[152] The R512 connects Randburg with Lanseria International Airport and Hartbeespoort to the north.[152]

#### Bus and taxi transit

[edit]

Rea Vaya bus stop in Johannesburg CBD in Commissioner Street at Ntemi Piliso Street

Johannesburg is served by a bus fleet operated by MetroBus, a corporate unit of the City of Johannesburg.[153][154] It has a fleet consisting of approximately 550 single and double-decker buses, plying 84 different routes in the city. This total includes 200 modern buses (150 double-deckers and 50 single-deckers), made by Volvo, Scania AB and Marcopolo/Brasa in 2002. Metrobus' fleet carries approximately 20 million passengers per annum. In addition, there are a number of private bus operators, though most focus on the inter-city routes, or on bus charters for touring groups. The city's main bus terminus is situated in Gandhi Square, where passengers can also obtain information regarding the Metrobus service from the walk-in customer information desk.

In 2010, in order to create an efficient public transport system, the Rea Vaya bus rapid system was developed/built. The buses run on their own dedicated bus lanes on the main trunk and complementary routes. The buses also have large feeder routes that run on ordinary roads. The Rea Vaya works on a smartcard payment system. Upon entering the station or bus, the passenger taps his/her smartcard onto the validator/scanner and taps out at the next station with the calculated amount. The routes cover both the southern and northern suburbs with the main trunk route running from Soweto to Sandton and Rosebank, and the feeder and complementary routes covering most of Johannesburg, with the notable exceptions of Midrand and Centurion. A subsequent expansion (phase 1-C;1-D) will cover these areas. In 2017, the Rea Vaya bus rapid transit was recorded to be making huge losses recovering only about 40 per cent of the operating costs and relying heavily on government subsidies.[155]

Johannesburg has two kinds of taxis, metered taxis and minibus taxis. Unlike many cities, metered taxis are not allowed to drive around the city looking for passengers and instead must be called and ordered to a destination. The Gauteng Provincial Government has launched a new metered taxi programme in an attempt to increase the use of metered taxis in the city.[citation needed]

The minibus "taxis" are the de facto standard and essential form of transport for the majority of the population. Since the 1980s, the minibus taxi industry has been severely affected by turf wars.[156][157]

#### Airports

[edit]

O. R. Tambo International Airport

Johannesburg is served principally by O. R. Tambo International Airport (formerly Johannesburg International Airport and before that Jan Smuts Airport) for both domestic and international flights. Lanseria Airport, located to the north-west of the city and closer to the business hub of Sandton, is used for commercial flights to Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Botswana, and Sun City. Other airports include Rand Airport and Grand Central Airport. Rand Airport, located in Germiston, is a small airfield used mostly for private aircraft and the home of South African Airways' first Boeing 747–200 ZS-SAN and also 747SP ZS-SPC and now serves as an aviation museum. Grand Central is located in Midrand and also caters to small, private aircraft.

#### Rail

[edit]

Metrorail Gauteng at Braamfontein, Johannesburg

The Metrorail Gauteng commuter rail system connects central Johannesburg to Soweto, Pretoria, and most of the satellite towns along the Witwatersrand. The railways transport huge numbers of commuters every day. However, the Metrorail infrastructure was built in Johannesburg's infancy and covers only the older areas in the city's south. The northern areas, including the business districts of Sandton, Midrand, Randburg, and Rosebank, are served by the rapid rail link Gautrain.

Gautrain station at OR Tambo Airport

A part of the Gauteng Provincial Government's Blue IQ Project, Gautrain has made provision for a rapid rail link, running north to south, between Johannesburg and Pretoria, and west to east between Sandton and the OR Tambo International Airport. Construction of the Gautrain Rapid Rail started in October 2006 and was completed in June 2012. It consists of a number of underground stations, as well as above-ground stations. Stations on the north–south line include Johannesburg's Park Station (underground), Rosebank (underground), Sandton (underground), Marlboro (above-ground and raised), Midrand, Pretoria Station and Hatfield. There is also a line from the O.R. Tambo International Airport (above-ground and raised) travelling to Sandton via Rhodesfield (raised) and Marlboro. A 200-kilometre expansion is underway and will consist of 3 new lines and 18 new stations, and is expected to cost R18 billion and one-lines (Soweto Mamalodi) could take 4 years to build, most of the new stations will be in Johannesburg.

The east–west line from the airport to Sandton opened in June 2010 in time for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, while the north–south line opened on 2 August 2011, except for Park Station, which opened in 2012.

The rail system was designed to alleviate traffic on the N1 freeway between Johannesburg and Pretoria, which records vehicle loads of up to 300,000 per week day.[158] An extensive bus feeder system has also been implemented, which allows access to the main stations from the outer suburbs, but is limited to a five-kilometre radius, which neglects the rest of the suburbs. This is the first new major railway system that has been laid in South Africa since 1977.[159]

In 2010, a high-speed rail link was proposed between Johannesburg and Durban.[160] In 2020 the government announced plans for high-speed rail from Johannesburg to Soweto.[161]

#### Freight

[edit]

City Deep Terminal is the name of Africa's largest dry port and was officially opened by the South African Railways Services (SARS) in 1977. The container terminal is connected to the Port of Durban, Port of Ngqurha, Port of Cape Town, as well as Southern Africa by road and rail. At least forty percent of container export/imports run on the Natal Corridor (Natcor) which is directly linked by rail to City Deep.

### Telecommunication

[edit]

Johannesburg has 4 major cellular telecommunications operators: Vodacom, MTN, Cell C, and Telkom Mobile. Vodacom's global headquarters is located in Midrand. It was formed in 1994, just after the South African elections of 1994.[162]

### Media

[edit]

South African Broadcasting Corporation headquarters in Uitsaaisentrum, Johannesburg

Johannesburg has a number of regional radio stations such as 94.7 Highveld Stereo, Radiokansel / Radio Pulpit, Kaya FM, Radio 2000, YFM, Metro FM, 5FM, Jacaranda FM, SAfm, Phalaphala FM, Radio 702 and UJFM.[163]

Johannesburg is also the headquarters of state-owned broadcaster South African Broadcasting Corporation[164] and pay-broadcast network Multichoice[165] which distributes M-Net and DStv a digital satellite service, while eTV also has a presence in the city. The city has two television towers, the Hillbrow Tower[166] and the Sentech Tower.[167]

## International relations

[edit]

### Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Johannesburg is twinned with:[168]

* Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
* Beijing, China
* Birmingham, United Kingdom
* Montreal, Canada
* New York City, United States
* Ramallah, Palestine
* Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Shanghai, China
* Windhoek, Namibia

### Partner cities

[edit]

Johannesburg is cooperating with:[168][169]

* Accra, Ghana
* Kinshasa, DR Congo
* Matola, Mozambique
* Saint Petersburg, Russia
* Val-de-Marne, France

## Notes

[edit]

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1. ^ This figure represents the urban population for the City of Johannesburg, City of Ekurhuleni, Mogale City and Rand West City municipalities combined.

## References

[edit]

* Felix Urban: Acoustic Competence. Investigating sonic empowerment in urban cultures. Johannesburg and Berlin. 1\. Edition. Tectum, Baden-Baden 2016, ISBN 978-3-8288-3683-9.
* Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis. Sarah Nuttall. Duke University Press. 9 January 2005. 210 pages. ISBN 0-8223-6610-X.
* Early Johannesburg, Its Buildings and People. Hannes Meiring, Human & Rousseau. 1986. 143 pages. ISBN 0-7981-1456-8
* Gold! Gold! Gold! The Johannesburg Gold Rush. Eric Rosenthal, AD. Donker, 1970, ISBN 0-949937-64-9
* The Corner House: The Early History of Johannesburg. Alan Patrick Cartwright. MacDonald. 1965. 295 pages.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Johannesburg at Wikimedia Commons
* Johannesburg travel guide from Wikivoyage
* Official website
* Johannesburg/Joburg Tourism official website
* 261833893 Johannesburg on OpenStreetMap

* v
* t
* e

Provincial capitals of South Africa

* Bhisho (Eastern Cape)
* Bloemfontein (Free State)
* Cape Town (Western Cape)
* Johannesburg (Gauteng)
* Kimberley (Northern Cape)
* Mafeking (North West)
* Nelspruit/Mbombela (Mpumalanga)
* Pietermaritzburg (KwaZulu-Natal)
* Pietersburg/Polokwane (Limpopo)

* v
* t
* e

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng

Seat: Johannesburg

Topics|

* Architecture
* Buildings
* Culture
* Economy
* Education
* Geography
* Suburbs
* Government
* Municipality
* Mayor
* History
* Timeline
* Mass media
* People
* Sport
* Transport

Suburbs|

Region A

* Airdlin
* Barbeque Downs
* Barbeque Downs Agricultural Holdings
* Bloubosrand
* Blue Hills
* Broadacres
* Buccleuch
* Carlswald
* Chartwell
* Country View
* Crowthorne
* Dainfern
* Diepsloot
* Ebony Park
* Erand
* Farmall
* Glen Austin
* Halfway Gardens
* Halfway House Estate
* Houtkoppen
* Inadan
* Ivory Park
* Kya Sand
* Kya Sands
* Kyalami Agricultural Holdings
* Kyalami Business Park
* Kyalami Estates
* Maroeladal
* Midrand
* Midridge Park
* Millgate Farm
* Nietgedacht
* Noordwyk
* North Champagne Estates
* Paulshof
* Plooysville
* Rabie Ridge
* Randjesfontein AH
* Randjespark
* Riverbend AH
* Sunninghill
* Sunrella
* Vorna Valley
* Waterval City
* Willaway
* Witkoppen

Region B

* Albertskroon
* Albertville
* Aldara Park
* Amalgam
* Auckland Park
* Berario
* Beverley Gardens
* Blackheath
* Blairgowrie
* Bordeaux
* Bosmont
* Brixton
* Bryanbrink
* Bryanston West
* Country Life Park
* Cowdray Park
* Craighall
* Craighall Park
* Cramerview
* Cresta
* Crown
* Daniel Brink Park
* Darrenwood
* Dunkeld
* Dunkeld West
* Emmarentia
* Ferndale
* Florida Glen
* Fontainebleau
* Forest Town
* Glenadrienne
* Greenside
* Greymont
* Hurlingham
* Hurlingham Gardens
* Hyde Park
* Jan Hofmeyer
* Kensington B
* Linden
* Lyme Park
* Malanshof
* Melville
* Mill Hill
* New Brighton
* Newlands
* Northcliff
* Oerder Park
* Osummit
* Parkhurst
* Parkmore
* Parktown North
* Parkview
* President Ridge
* Randburg
* Randpark
* Randpark Ridge
* River Bend
* Rosebank
* Ruiterhof
* Sandhurst
* Solridge
* Sophiatown
* Strijdompark
* Vandia Grove
* Vrededorp
* Waterval Estate
* Westdene
* Westcliff
* Willowild

Region C

* Bromhof
* Bush Hill
* Constantia Kloof
* Douglasdale
* Fairland
* Florida
* Florida Hills
* Johannesburg North
* Jukskei Park
* Northgate
* Northriding
* Olivedale
* Roodepoort
* Weltevredenpark
* Zandspruit

Region D

* Diepkloof
* Dobsonville
* Doornkop
* Kliptown
* Meadowlands
* Noordgesig
* Orlando
* Phiri
* Protea Glen
* Soweto
* Zola

Region E

* Abbotsford
* Alexandra
* Atholhurst
* Atholl
* Atholl Gardens
* Bagleyston
* Benmore Gardens
* Birdhaven
* Birnam
* Bramley
* Bramley North
* Bramley Park
* Bruma
* Bryanston
* Bryanston East
* Cheltondale
* Chislehurston
* Cyrildene
* Dennehof
* Dunhill
* Edenburg
* Elton Hill
* Epsom Downs
* Fairway
* Fairwood
* Fellside
* Forbesdale
* Fourways
* Gallo Manor
* Glen Athol
* Glenhazel
* Greenstone Hill
* Gresswold
* Hawkins Estate
* Highlands North
* Houghton Estate (part)
* Hurl Park
* Illovo
* Inanda
* Kentview
* Kew
* Khyber Rock
* Killarney
* Klevehill Park
* Linksfield
* Littlefillan
* Lone Hill
* Magalies View
* Magaliessig
* Marlboro
* Marlboro Gardens
* Maryvale
* Melrose
* Melrose Estate
* Melrose North
* Modderfontein
* Moodie Hill
* Morningside
* Morningside Manor
* Mountain View
* Norscot
* Northern Acres
* Norwood
* Oaklands
* Orange Grove
* Percelia Estate
* Petervale
* Raedene Estate
* Raumarais Park
* River Club
* Riviera
* Rivonia
* Sandown
* Sandton
* Savoy Estate
* Saxonwold
* Simba
* Strathavon
* Sunningdale
* Sunningdale Ridge
* Sunset Acres
* Sydenham
* The Gardens
* Victoria
* Wierda Valley
* Woodlands
* Woodmead
* Wynberg

Region F

* Aeroton
* Alan Manor
* Aspen Hills
* Bellevue
* Bellevue East
* Benrose
* Berea
* Bertrams
* Braamfontein
* Braamfontein Werf
* Chrisville
* City Deep
* City West-Denver
* City and Suburban
* City and Suburban Industrial
* Crosby
* Crown Gardens
* Crown North
* Doornfontein
* Droste Park
* Eagles Nest
* Eastcliff
* Elandspark
* Elcedes
* Electron
* Elladoone
* Evans Park
* Fairview
* Ferreirasdorp
* Fordsburg
* Forest Hill
* Framton
* Gillview
* Glenanda
* Glenesk
* Glenvista
* Haddon
* Heriotdale
* Highlands
* Hillbrow
* Homestead Park
* Houghton Estate (part)
* Jeppestown
* Jeppestown South
* Johannesburg
* Johannesburg CBD
* Johannesburg South
* Joubert Park
* Judith's Paarl
* Kenilworth
* Kensington
* Kibler Park
* Klipriviersberg
* Klipriviersberg Estate
* La Rochelle
* Langlaagte North
* Liefde en Vrede
* Lindberg Park
* Linmeyer
* Lorentzville
* Malvern
* Marshalltown
* Mayfair
* Mayfield Park
* Meredale
* Moffat View
* Mondeor
* Mulbarton
* Nasrec
* New Centre
* New Doornfontein
* Newtown
* North Doornfontein
* Oakdene
* Observatory
* Ophirton
* Ormonde
* Pageview
* Park Central
* Parktown
* Patlynn
* Prolecon
* Randview
* Regency
* Regents Park
* Regents Park Estate
* Reuven
* Rewlatch
* Reynolds View
* Ridgeway
* Riepen Park
* Risana
* Rispark
* Robertsham
* Roseacre
* Rosettenville
* Salisbury Claims
* Selby
* South Hills
* Southdale
* Southfork
* Southgate
* Spes Bona
* Springfield
* Stafford
* Steeledale
* Suideroord
* The Gables
* The Hill
* Theta
* Towerby
* Townsview
* Troyeville
* Tulisa Park
* Turf Club
* Turffontein
* Village Main
* Yeoville

Region G

* Eldorado Park
* Ennerdale
* Kanana Park
* Lawley
* Lenasia
* Orange Farm

* v
* t
* e

Greater Johannesburg

Natural environment

* Highveld

| Geology|

* Kaapvaal Craton
* Transvaal Supergroup
* Transvaal Basin
* Witwatersrand Supergroup
* Witwatersrand Basin
* Banket

|

Topography|

* Witwatersrand
* Observatory Ridge
* Magaliesberg (partially)
* Vredefort impact structure (partially)

Rivers and
wetlands|

| Vaal-Orange basin|

* Blesbokspruit
* Braamfontein Spruit
* Hennops River
* Jukskei River
* Klip River
* Wonderfonteinspruit

|

Limpopo basin|

* Crocodile River
* Wilge River

Climate|

* 2016 flooding
* 2018–2021 drought

Cradle of
Humankind|

* Taung Child
* Mrs Ples
* Little Foot
* Rising Star Expedition
* Underground Astronauts

| Fossil sites|

* Bolt's Farm
* Cooper's Cave
* Drimolen
* Gladysvale
* Haasgat
* Kromdraai
* Malapa
* Minnaar's Cave
* Motsetsi
* Plovers Lake
* Rising Star Cave
* Sterkfontein
* Swartkrans
* Wonder Cave

|

Biodiversity|

* Highveld grasslands (ecoregion)
* Montane grasslands and shrublands (biome)
* Afrotropical realm (biogeographic realm)
* Palaeotropical kingdom (floristic kingdom)
* Northern Provinces (WGSRPD area)
* Timber trees

| Vegetation types|

* Andesite Mountain Bushveld
* Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
* Eastern Highveld Grassland
* Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
* Egoli Granite Grassland
* Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld
* Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld
* Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
* Moot Plains Bushveld
* Rand Highveld Grassland
* Soweto Highveld Grassland
* Tsakane Clay Grassland
* Urban woodland

|

Parks and gardens|

* Brenthurst Gardens
* Delta Park
* Donald Mackay Park
* Emmarentia Dam
* Huddle Park
* Johannesburg Botanical Garden
* Johannesburg Zoo
* Pullinger Kop Park
* Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
* Wemmer Pan
* Zoo Lake

Nature reserves|

* Abe Bailey Nature Reserve
* Aloe Ridge Game Reserve
* Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve
* Kloofendal Nature Reserve
* Kromdraai Conservancy
* Krugersdorp Game Reserve
* Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
* Marievale Bird Sanctuary
* Melville Koppies
* Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve
* Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve
* The Wilds Municipal Nature Reserve

Human impact|

* Acid mine drainage
* Mine dumps
* Urbanisation
* Sprawl

Communities

| Inner City|

* Johannesburg CBD
* Albertville
* Aldara Park
* Amalgam
* Auckland Park
* Belgravia
* Bellevue
* Bellevue East
* Benrose
* Berea
* Bertrams
* Braamfontein
* Braamfontein Werf
* Brixton
* City Deep
* City and Suburban
* City and Suburban Industrial
* Cottesloe
* Crosby
* Crown
* Crown North
* Doornfontein
* Droste Park
* Emmarentia
* Fairview
* Ferreirasdorp
* Fordsburg
* Forest Town
* Highlands
* Hillbrow
* Homestead Park
* Jan Hofmeyer
* Jeppestown
* Jeppestown South
* Joubert Park
* Judith's Paarl
* Killarney
* Langlaagte North
* Lorentzville
* Marshalltown
* Mayfair
* Mayfair West
* Melville
* Milpark
* New Centre
* New Doornfontein
* Newtown
* North Doornfontein
* Observatory
* Paarlshoop
* Pageview
* Park Central
* Parktown
* Randview
* Riepen Park
* Riviera
* Rossmore
* Troyeville
* Village Deep
* Village Main
* Vrededorp
* Wemmer
* Westbury
* Westcliff
* Yeoville

|

Northern
suburbs and
environs|

* Abbotsford
* Airdlin
* Albertskroon
* Alexandra
* Atholhurst
* Atholl
* Atholl Gardens
* Bagleyston
* Barbeque Downs
* Barbeque Downs Agricultural Holdings
* Benmore Gardens
* Berario
* Beverley Gardens
* Birdhaven
* Birnam
* Blackheath
* Blairgowrie
* Bloubosrand
* Blue Hills
* Bordeaux
* Bramley
* Bramley North
* Bramley Park
* Bridle Park
* Broadacres
* Bromhof
* Bryanbrink
* Bryanston
* Bryanston East
* Bryanston West
* Buccleuch
* Bultfontein
* Bush Hill
* Carlswald
* Chartwell
* Cheltondale
* Chislehurston
* Country Life Park
* Country View
* Cowdray Park
* Craighall
* Craighall Park
* Cramerview
* Cresta
* Crowthorne
* Dainfern
* Daniel Brink Park
* Darrenwood
* Dennehof
* Diepsloot
* Douglasdale
* Dunhill
* Dunkeld
* Dunkeld West
* Ebony Park
* Edenburg
* Elton Hill
* Epsom Downs
* Erand
* Fairland
* Fairway
* Fairwood
* Farmall
* Fellside
* Ferndale
* Fontainebleau
* Forbesdale
* Fourways
* Franklin Roosevelt Park
* Gallo Manor
* The Gardens
* Glen Austin
* Glenadrienne
* Greenside
* Gresswold
* Greymont
* Halfway Gardens
* Halfway House Estate
* Hawkins Estate
* Highlands North
* Houghton Estate
* Houtkoppen
* Hurl Park
* Hurlingham
* Hurlingham Gardens
* Hyde Park
* Illovo
* Inadan
* Inanda
* Ivory Park
* Johannesburg North
* Jukskei Park
* Kaalfontein
* Kensington B
* Kentview
* Kew
* Khyber Rock
* Klevehill Park
* Kya Sand
* Kya Sands
* Kyalami AH
* Kyalami Business Park
* Kyalami Estates
* Linden
* Linksfield
* Littlefillan
* Lone Hill
* Lyme Park
* Magaliessig
* Malanshof
* Marlboro
* Marlboro Gardens
* Maroeladal
* Maryvale
* Melrose
* Melrose Estate
* Melrose North
* Midrand
* Midridge Park
* Mill Hill
* Millgate Farm
* Moodie Hill
* Morningside
* Morningside Manor
* New Brighton
* Newlands
* Nietgedacht
* Noordwyk
* Norscot
* North Champagne Estates
* Northcliff
* Northern Acres
* Northgate
* Northriding
* Norwood
* Oerder Park
* Olivedale
* Orange Grove
* Osummit
* Parkhurst
* Parkmore
* Parktown North
* Parkview
* Parkwood
* Paulshof
* Petervale
* Plooysville
* President Ridge
* Rabie Ridge
* Randburg
* Randjesfontein AH
* Randjespark
* Randpark
* Randpark Ridge
* Raumarais Park
* River Club
* Riverbend
* Rivonia
* Rosebank
* Rouxville
* Ruiterhof
* Sandhurst
* Sandown
* Sandton
* Savoy Estate
* Saxonwold
* Simba
* Solridge
* Strathavon
* Strijdompark
* Sunninghill
* Sunrella
* Sunset Acres
* Vandia Grove
* Victoria
* Victory Park
* Vorna Valley
* Waterval Estate
* Waverley
* Wierda Valley
* Willaway
* Willowild
* Witkoppen
* Witpoort
* Woodlands
* Woodmead
* Wynberg
* Zandspruit

Southern
suburbs and
environs|

* Aeroton
* Alan Manor
* Alberton
* Aspen Hills
* Bassonia
* Booysens
* Chrisville
* Crown Gardens
* Diepkloof
* Dobsonville
* Doornkop
* Drieziek
* Eastcliff
* Elandspark
* Eldorado Park
* Electron
* Elladoone
* Ennerdale
* Evans Park
* Forest Hill
* Framton
* Gillview
* Glenanda
* Glenesk
* Glenvista
* Haddon
* The Hill
* Johannesburg South
* Kanana Park
* Kenilworth
* Kibler Park
* Klipriviersberg
* Klipriviersberg Estate
* Kliptown
* La Rochelle
* Lawley
* Lenasia
* Liefde en Vrede
* Lindberg Park
* Linmeyer
* Mayfield Park
* Meadowlands
* Meredale
* Moffat View
* Mondeor
* Mulbarton
* Nasrec
* Noordgesig
* Oakdene
* Ophirton
* Orange Farm
* Orlando
* Ormonde
* Patlynn
* Phiri
* Protea Glen
* Regents Park
* Regents Park Estate
* Reuven
* Rewlatch
* Reynolds View
* Ridgeway
* Risana
* Rispark
* Robertsham
* Roseacre
* Rosettenville
* Salisbury Claims
* Selby
* South Hills
* Southdale
* Southfork
* Southgate
* Soweto
* Springfield
* Stafford
* Steeledale
* Suideroord
* Theta
* Towerby
* Townsview
* Tulisa Park
* Turf Club
* Turffontein
* Unigray
* Winchester Hills
* Zola

East Rand|

* Bapsfontein
* Bedfordview
* Benoni
* Bezuidenhout Valley
* Boksburg
* Brakpan
* Bruma
* Cyrildene
* Daveyton
* Dawn Park
* Dewetshof
* Duduza
* Edenvale
* Elcedes
* Elsburg
* Etwatwa
* Fairmount
* The Gables
* Germiston
* Glenhazel
* Greenstone Hill
* Heriotdale
* Isando
* Katlehong
* Kempton Park
* Allen Grove
* Aston Manor
* Birch Acres
* Birchleigh
* Birchleigh North
* Bonaero Park
* Bredell
* Cresslawn
* Croydon
* Edleen
* Esther Park
* Glen Marais
* Kempton Park West
* Nimrod Park
* Norkem Park
* Pomona
* Rhodesfield
* Spartan
* Terenure
* Van Riebeeck Park
* Kensington
* KwaThema
* Lakeside
* Langaville
* Lombardy East
* Malvern
* Modderfontein
* Mountain View
* Nigel
* Oaklands
* Olifantsfontein
* Percelia Estate
* Primrose
* Prolecon
* Raedene Estate
* Reiger Park
* Sandringham
* Spes Bona
* Springs
* Sunningdale
* Sunningdale Ridge
* Sydenham
* Talboton
* Thembisa
* Thokoza
* Tsakane
* Vosloorus
* Wanderers View
* Wattville

West Rand|

* Azaadville
* Bekkersdal
* Blyvooruitzicht
* Boikarabelo
* Bosmont
* Carletonville
* Claremont
* Constantia Kloof
* Coronationville
* Denver
* Driefontein
* East Driefontein
* Elandsrand
* Florida
* Florida Glen
* Florida Hills
* Fochville
* Hekpoort
* Kagiso
* Khutsong
* Krugersdorp
* Lindley
* Magaliesburg
* Mohlakeng
* Muldersdrift
* Munsieville
* Oberholzer
* Randfontein
* Rietvallei
* Roodepoort
* Sophiatown
* Venterspos
* Weltevredenpark
* Welverdiend
* West Driefontein
* Westdene
* Westonaria
* Zuurbekom

Cityscape

* Constitution Hill
* Beyers Naudé Square
* Fordsburg Square
* Gandhi Square
* Mary Fitzgerald Square
* Walter Sisulu Square

* 7th Street
* Commissioner Street
* Munro Drive

* Beyers Naudé Drive
* Jan Smuts Avenue
* Louis Botha Avenue
* Malibongwe Drive
* Metropolitan routes
* M1
* M2
* Provincial routes
* R21
* R24
* R25
* R29
* R41
* R55
* R82
* R101
* R511
* R512
* R553
* R562
* R564
* Johannesburg Ring Road
* N1
* Western Bypass
* N3
* Eastern Bypass
* N12
* Southern Bypass
* N17

| Landmarks|

* Tallest buildings

| Public art|

* Fire Walker
* Flame of Democracy
* Nelson Mandela Mural
* Orlando Power Station cooling towers

| Statues|

* Mahatma Gandhi
* Nelson Mandela

|

Civic
buildings|

* Johannesburg City Hall
* Johannesburg Central Police Station

Office
buildings|

* 11 Diagonal Street
* Chamber of Mines Building
* Chancellor House
* Consolidated Building
* Corner House
* Corona Lodge
* Cuthberts Building
* Eskom Centre
* Johannesburg Trades Hall
* Kimberley House
* Logistics House
* London House
* Luthuli House
* Markham Building
* Megawatt Park
* Natal Bank Building
* National Bank Building
* Shell House
* Standard Bank Building
* Victory House

| Skyscrapers|

* Absa Tower
* Carlton Centre
* Carlton Hotel
* Exchange Square
* Hekro Towers
* Johannesburg Sun Hotel
* Kine Centre
* The Leonardo
* Marble Towers
* Mariston Hotel
* Michelangelo Towers
* Radiopark
* Schlesinger Building
* Southern Life Centre
* Standard Bank Centre
* Trust Bank Building
* UCS Building

|

Residential
buildings|

* Ansteys Building
* Arop House
* Astor Mansions
* Beacon Royal
* Circle Court
* Dorkay House
* Houghton Heights
* Kingsway Mansions
* Lauriston Court
* Manners Mansions
* Radoma Court

| Skyscrapers|

* 120 End Street
* Highpoint Hillbrow
* Ponte City
* Tygerberg Building

|

Structures|

* Brixton Tower
* Hillbrow Tower
* Nelson Mandela Bridge
* Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge

Urban planning|

* Alexandra Renewal Project

Heritage conservation|

* Johannesburg Heritage Foundation

Government

| National government|

| Courts|

* Constitutional Court of South Africa
* South Gauteng High Court
* Labour Court
* Labour Appeal Court

|

Chapter nine institutions|

* Commission for Gender Equality
* CRL Rights Commission
* Human Rights Commission

Provincial government|

* Gauteng Provincial Legislature
* Executive Council of Gauteng

Municipalities|

* City of Johannesburg
* Seat: Johannesburg
* Mayor: Dada Morero
* Elections
* Flag
* Coat of arms
* City of Ekurhuleni
* Seat: Germiston
* Mayor: Nkosindiphile Xhakaza
* Elections
* West Rand
* Merafong
* Seat: Carletonville
* Mogale
* Seat: Krugersdorp
* Rand West
* Seat: Randfontein

African Union|

* Pan-African Parliament
* Bureau
* Secretariat
* NEPAD Secretariat

Politics

| Governing parties|

* Johannesburg: ANC
* Ekurhuleni: ANC
* West Rand: ANC
* Merafong: ANC
* Mogale: ATM
* Rand West: ANC

|

Political organisations
and parties based in
Greater Johannesburg|

| Political parties|

* ActionSA
* African Christian Democratic Party
* African National Congress
* Veteran's League
* Women's League
* Youth League
* African People's Convention
* Agang
* Azanian People's Organisation
* Capitalist Party
* Congress of the People
* Dagga Party
* Economic Freedom Fighters
* Pan Africanist Congress
* South African Communist Party
* Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party
* Workers and Socialist Party

|

Trade unions|

* COSATU
* AFADWU
* CEPPWAWU
* CWU
* NEHAWU
* NUM
* POPCRU
* SAAPAWU
* SACCAWU
* SADNU
* SADTU
* SAFPU
* SAMWU
* SASAWU
* SASBO
* SATAWU
* FEDUSA
* UASA
* NACTU
* SAFTU
* NUMSA

Other political
organisations|

* Afrikanerbond
* Ahmed Kathrada Foundation
* Civicus
* COSAS
* Dagga Couple
* Earthlife Africa
* Free Market Foundation
* Helen Suzman Foundation
* Jacob Zuma Foundation
* Keep Left
* Landless People's Movement
* OUTA
* PASMA
* SASCO
* South African Institute of Race Relations
* South African Zionist Federation
* Tripartite Alliance
* Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front

History

* Timeline
* Kweneng' Ruins
* Tlokwe Ruins
* Witwatersrand Gold Rush
* Mineral Revolution
* Transvaal gold fields
* Randlords
* Uitlanders
* Ferreira's Camp
* Second Boer War

| Fortifications|

* Johannesburg Fort
* Blockhouses

|

Monuments
and memorials|

* Anglo-Boer War Memorial
* Chris Hani Memorial
* Constitution Hill
* Hector Pieterson Memorial
* Indian Army Memorial
* Scottish Horse War Memorial
* Walter Sisulu Square

Cemeteries|

* Avalon Cemetery
* Juliwe Cemetery
* Westpark Cemetery

Historical
sites|

* Bantu Men's Social Centre
* Kirchoff's Building
* Langlaagte Stamp Mill
* OK Bazaars
* Rand Water Board Building
* Red Square
* Rissik Street Post Office
* Shlom Native Eating House
* Union Observatory

| Houses|

* 36 Houghton Drive
* David Webster House
* Dr Xuma House
* Endstead
* House Brunton
* House Hains
* James Mpanza House
* Kholvad House
* Lindfield House
* Mandela House
* Parktown mansions
* Villa Arcadia
* Pullinger Kop
* Rahima Moosa House
* Satyagraha House
* Tutu House
* Villa d'Este

|

Historical
companies and
organisations|

| Companies|

* Bosasa
* Deneys Reitz
* Edcon
* Lema
* Mandela and Tambo
* Simmer and Jack
* VBS Mutual Bank

|

Political
organisations|

* Anti-Privatisation Forum
* Black Sash
* Democratic Left Front
* Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand
* Industrial Workers of the World
* MK Military Veterans' Association
* Reform Committee
* Socialist Party of Azania

Other organisations|

* Witwatersrand Native Labour Association

Events|

* Jameson Raid
* Braamfontein explosion
* Battle of Doornkop
* Battle of Witpoort
* Rand Rebellion
* Empire Exhibition
* Schlesinger African Air Race
* 1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
* Sophiatown forced removals
* Congress of the People
* Freedom Charter
* Treason Trial
* 1957 Alexandra bus boycott
* Soweto uprising
* Concert in the Park
* Westdene dam disaster
* Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert
* Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
* Shell House massacre
* Ellis Park Stadium disaster
* Bredell land occupation
* World Summit on Sustainable Development
* Johannesburg Declaration
* 2002 Soweto bombings
* Jacob Zuma rape trial
* Live 8 concert
* Live Earth concert
* Miss World 2008
* Miss World 2009
* Occupy Johannesburg
* Murder of Mido Macia
* Death and state memorial service of Nelson Mandela
* 2015 train crash
* #FeesMustFall
* Life Esidimeni scandal
* 10th BRICS summit
* Zondo Commission
* 2019 riots
* Shooting of Nathaniel Julies
* Zuma riots
* Murder of Babita Deokaran
* 2022 Soweto shooting
* Boksburg explosion
* 2023 Boksburg gas leak
* 15th BRICS summit
* 2023 building fire

Culture

| Cultural heritage|

* Architecture
* Gumboot dancing
* amaKota
* Kwaito

|

Performance art|

* Joburg Ballet

| Musical ensembles|

* Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra
* Johannesburg Youth Orchestra
* Soweto Gospel Choir
* Soweto String Quartet

|

Theatres|

* Alexander Theatre
* Alhambra Theatre
* Johannesburg Civic Theatre
* Market Theatre
* Wits Theatre

Events and festivals|

* Abantu Book Festival
* Encounters South African International Documentary Festival
* Joburg Art Fair
* In the City
* Johannesburg International Motor Show
* Johannesburg Pride
* Jozi Book Fair
* Naledi Theatre Awards
* Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
* RAMFest
* Rand Show
* South Africa's Children's Book Fair
* Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival
* Ultra South Africa

Museums and art
galleries|

* Apartheid Museum
* Constitution Hill Museum
* Fietas Museum
* Gold Reef City
* Goodman Gallery
* Hector Pieterson Museum
* James Hall Transport Museum
* Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation
* Johannesburg Art Gallery
* Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre
* South African Airways Museum
* Mandela House
* Market Photo Workshop
* Maropeng
* Military History Museum
* Museum Africa
* Satyagraha House
* Workers' Museum

| Defunct|

* SAB World of Beer
* South African National Railway And Steam Museum

|

Clubs and societies|

* Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging
* Automobile Association
* Nippon Club
* Rand Club
* SAA Museum Society
* South African Radio League
* Southern African Vexillological Association

Religion

* SACC
* Anglican
* Diocese of Johannesburg
* Diocese of the Highveld
* Diocese of Christ the King
* Catholic
* Archdiocese of Johannesburg
* Knights of Da Gama
* Protestant
* Baptist Union
* Presbytery of Egoli
* Jewish
* Union of Orthodox Synagogues
* Johannesburg Beth Din
* Ohr Somayach
* SAUPJ
* Islamic
* Jamiatul Ulama

| Places of
worship|

| Churches|

| Anglican|

* Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin
* Cathedral Church of Saint Dunstan
* St Aidan's Anglican Church
* St Boniface Church
* St Mary's Anglican Church
* St Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church

|

Baptist|

* Troyeville Baptist Church

Calvinist|

* Brixton Reformed Church
* Congregational Church, Turffontein
* Fordsburg Reformed Church
* Johanesburg East Reformed Church
* Johannesburg North Reformed Church
* Johannesburg Reformed Church
* Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)
* Langlaagte Reformed Church
* Linden Reformed Church
* Parkhurst Reformed Church
* Turffontein Reformed Church

Catholic|

* Cathedral of Christ the King
* Holy Trinity Catholic Church
* Regina Mundi Catholic Church

| Maronite|

* Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars

|

Greek
Orthodox|

* Cathedral of Saints Constantine and Helen

Latter-day
Saints|

* Johannesburg South Africa Temple

Lutheran|

* Friedenskirche

Synagogues|

| Orthodox|

* Chassidim Shul
* Doornfontein Synagogue
* Great Synagogue
* Oxford Shul

| Historical|

* President Street Synagogue

|

Progressive|

* Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue
* Temple Israel

Mosques|

* Jumah Mosque
* Nizamiye Mosque

Hindu temples|

* Madhya Kailash Shiva Temple

Scientology centres|

* Castle Kyalami

Media

* South African National Editors' Forum
* Southern African Music Rights Organisation
* AmaBhungane

| Mass media|

| Magazines|

* African Communist
* Drum
* Financial Mail
* Mining Weekly
* Music Industry Online
* Nomad Africa Magazine
* SA Flyer

| Defunct|

* Die Arbeider en Arm Boer
* Style
* Top 40 Music Magazine

|

Newspapers|

* Caxton local newspapers (various)
* Beeld
* Business Day
* The Citizen
* City Press
* Daily Maverick
* Daily Sun
* Jewish Report
* Mail & Guardian
* Mayihlome News
* Rapport
* The South African
* The Sowetan
* The Star
* The Sunday Independent
* Sunday Times
* TimesLIVE
* Wits Vuvuzela

| Defunct|

* New Age
* The New Age
* The World

|

Radio stations|

* 5FM
* 702
* 947
* ArrowLine Chinese Radio
* Boervolk Radio
* ChaiFM
* Channel Africa
* Ekurhuleni FM
* Hot 1027
* Jozi FM
* Kasie FM
* Kaya FM
* Metro FM
* Munghana Lonene FM
* Power FM
* Radio 2000
* Radio Sonder Grense
* Rock FM 91.9
* SAfm
* UJFM
* YFM

Television channels|

* CNBC Africa
* eNCA
* M-Net
* Me
* SABC 1
* SABC 2
* SABC 3
* SABC Children
* SABC Education
* SABC News
* SABC Sport
* Soweto TV

| Defunct|

* M-Net Series

|

Film studios|

* Film Resource Unit
* Quizzical Pictures

| Defunct|

* Killarney Film Studios

|

Record labels|

* Ambitiouz Entertainment
* CCP Records
* Family Tree Records
* Gallo Records
* Kalawa Jazmee Records

Game studios|

* Celestial Games

Cultural references|

* District 9
* Egoli: Place of Gold
* "Gimme Hope Jo'anna"
* Johannesburg Festival Overture
* The Real Housewives of Johannesburg
* Sarafina!
* "Soweto Blues"
* Welcome to Our Hillbrow
* Zoo City

Economy

* Johannesburg Stock Exchange
* AltX
* Safex
* companies traded
* A2X Markets
* Brenthurst Foundation

| Companies|

* v
* t
* e

Companies based in Greater Johannesburg

Diversified
conglomerates|

* Aveng
* Barloworld
* Bidvest
* Chancellor House
* Famous Brands

Airlines|

* Aerolift
* Airlink
* Cargo
* CemAir
* Egoli Air
* Federal Air
* Global Aviation
* National Airways
* Norse Air
* Phoebus Apollo Aviation
* SAA
* Safair
* FlySafair
* Solenta Aviation

| Defunct|

* 1time
* African International Airways
* AirQuarius Aviation
* Avia
* Comair
* Command Airways
* Executive Aerospace
* Fly Blue Crane
* Imperial Air Cargo
* Interair South Africa
* Interlink Airlines
* kulula.com
* Mango
* Nationwide Airlines
* Rossair Executive Air Charter
* Rovos Air
* Skywise
* South African Express

|

Construction
and engineering|

* Concor
* Murray & Roberts

Energy|

* DLO Energy Resources
* Total South Africa

Financial

* Absa Group
* Alexforbes
* Discovery
* Evolution Group
* Hollard Group
* Investec
* Liberty Holdings
* Livestock Wealth
* MiWay Insurance
* Lesaka Technologies
* Old Mutual
* RMB Holdings
* RMI Holdings
* STANLIB
* Venmyn Rand

| Banks|

* Absa Bank
* Access Bank South Africa
* African Alliance Investment Bank
* African Bank
* Bank Zero
* Bidvest Bank
* DBSA
* First National Bank
* FirstRand Bank
* Imperial Bank South Africa
* Mercantile Bank
* Nedbank
* Rand Merchant Bank
* Sasfin Bank
* Stanchart South Africa
* Standard Bank
* TymeBank
* Ubank
* Wizzit
* Defunct
* VBS Mutual Bank

|

Hospitality|

* Southern Sun Hotels
* Sun International
* Tsogo Sun

ICT|

* Afrihost
* BCX
* Cell C
* Datatec
* Dimension Data
* EOH Holdings
* MTN
* Neotel
* OTEL Telecoms
* Rain
* Sybrin
* Teraco Data Environments
* Vodacom
* Defunct
* Internet Solutions
* Luma Arcade
* Vision Software

Legal|

* Bowman Gilfillan
* ENSafrica
* Webber Wentzel
* Werksmans
* Defunct
* Deneys Reitz
* Mandela and Tambo

Manufacturing|

* Adcock Ingram
* AECI
* African Explosives
* All Joy Foods
* Bakers
* Clover Industries
* FEW
* IWC
* Isuzu Trucks South Africa
* Land Systems OMC
* Nampak
* Paramount Group
* PPC
* Premier FMCG
* Rand Refinery
* Rembrandt Group
* Sappi
* Simba
* SkyReach Aircraft
* Sling Aircraft
* South African Breweries
* Tiger Brands
* Truvelo Armoury
* Union Carriage & Wagon
* Defunct
* Basil Green Motors
* New PowerChutes

Media|

* Arena Holdings
* Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers
* MultiChoice
* Nu Metro Cinemas
* Primedia
* SABC
* StarSat
* Ster-Kinekor

Mining|

* Alexkor
* Asa Resources
* African Rainbow Minerals
* AngloGold Ashanti
* DRDGOLD
* ERPM
* Gold Fields
* Harmony Gold
* Impala Platinum
* JCI
* Metorex
* Northam Platinum
* Sibanye-Stillwater
* Defunct
* Simmer and Jack

Retail and
marketing|

* AutoTrader
* Bidorbuy
* Cadac
* CNA
* The Creative Counsel
* Dis-Chem
* Exclusive Books
* Hyundai South Africa
* Incredible Connection
* Massmart
* Wantitall
* Defunct
* Edcon
* OK Bazaars

Restaurant
franchises|

* Chicken Licken
* Debonairs Pizza
* Mugg & Bean
* Nando's
* Roman's Pizza
* Steers
* Wimpy

Services|

* Netcare
* SA Waste Holdings
* Defunct
* Bosasa

Transport|

* Avis Southern Africa
* Comazar
* PUTCO
* Surtees Rail Group

State-owned
enterprises|

* Airports Company South Africa
* Denel Aeronautics
* Development Bank of Southern Africa
* Eskom
* Rand Water
* South African Broadcasting Corporation
* Sasol
* Sentech
* South African Airways
* Transnet
* Freightdynamics
* Defunct
* Lema

* Companies based in Ekurhuleni
* Companies based in Johannesburg

Professional
associations|

* Gauteng Institute for Architecture
* South African Institute of Chartered Accountants
* South African Institute of Electrical Engineers
* South African Institute of Professional Accountants

Mining|

* Minerals Council South Africa
* Rand Refinery

| Mines|

* Blyvooruitzicht
* Driefontein
* ERPM
* KDC
* Kopanang
* Kusasalethu
* Mintails
* Mponeng
* Old Randfontein
* Randfontein
* South Deep
* TauTona
* West Wits

|

Shopping centres|

* Carlton Centre
* Cresta Mall
* Dobsonville Mall
* Eastgate
* Fourways Mall
* Hyde Park Corner
* Mall of Africa
* Maponya Mall
* Nelson Mandela Square
* Northgate
* Northmead Square
* Oriental City
* Oriental Plaza
* Protea Glen Mall
* Sandton City
* Southgate

Hotels and resorts|

* The Leonardo
* Michelangelo Towers
* Montecasino

Venues|

* Ellis Park Arena
* Gallagher Convention Centre

Restaurants, bars,
clubs and cafés|

* The Bassline
* The Radium

Tourism|

* Gold Reef City

| Cultural villages|

* Ke-Ditselana Cultural Village
* Kwa-Khaya Lendaba Cultural Village
* Lesedi Cultural Village

|

Transport

| Civil aviation|

* South African Civil Aviation Authority

| Airports|

* Grand Central Airport
* Lanseria International Airport
* O. R. Tambo International Airport
* Rand Airport

| Defunct|

* Palmietfontein Airport

|

Road transport|

* Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport
* Johannesburg Roads Agency
* Roads
* Freeways
* e-tolling
* Buses and taxis
* PUTCO
* Trolleybuses

Rail transport|

* Gautrain
* Metrorail Gauteng
* Johannesburg–Durban high speed rail (proposed)
* Trams

| Train stations|

* Johannesburg Park Station
* Marlboro Station
* Midrand Station
* Rhodesfield Station
* Rosebank Station
* Sandton Station

|

Sports

| Sports governing
bodies based in
Greater Johannesburg|

* SASCOC
* Athletics South Africa
* Basketball South Africa
* Bowls South Africa
* Cricket South Africa
* Mind Sports South Africa
* South African Baseball Union
* South African Confederation of Cue Sport
* South African Equestrian Federation
* South African Football Association
* South African Handball Federation
* South African Hockey Association
* South African National Climbing Federation
* South African Sailing
* Squash South Africa
* Volleyball South Africa

|

Teams|

| Soccer|

* Atlie
* Bidvest Wits
* Jomo Cosmos
* JVW
* Kaizer Chiefs
* Lusitano
* Mahlangu Tigers
* Moroka Swallows
* Orlando Pirates
* UJ Ladies
* Wits University
* Yebo Yes United

| Former|

* Germiston Callies
* Giant Blackpool

|

Rugby|

* Golden Lions
* Lions
* Valke
* Jozi Cats

Cricket|

* Central Gauteng Lions
* Easterns
* Easterns Women
* Highveld Lions
* Imperial Lions
* Joburg Super Kings
* Titans

Basketball|

* Egoli Magic
* Jozi Nuggets
* Soweto Panthers
* UJ men's basketball team

Equestrian sports|

* National Horseracing Authority
* South African Lipizzaners

Sports events|

* 1992 Return Test
* 1995 Rugby World Cup
* final
* 2003 Cricket World Cup
* final
* 2010 FIFA World Cup
* final
* Joburg Open
* Joburg Ladies Open
* South African Derby
* South African PGA Championship
* Soweto Derby

Sports venues|

| Stadia and
arenas|

* Alexandra Stadium
* Arthur Block Park Stadium
* Barnard Stadium
* Bidvest Stadium
* Bosman Stadium
* Cecil Payne Stadium
* Dobsonville Stadium
* Ellis Park Arena
* Ellis Park Stadium
* Germiston Stadium
* Huntersfield Stadium
* Johannesburg Stadium
* KwaThema Stadium
* Lenasia Stadium
* Makhulong Stadium
* Mehlareng Stadium
* Modderfontein Stadium
* Mohlakeng Stadium
* Orlando Stadium
* Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium
* Rabie Ridge Stadium
* Rand Stadium
* Randburg Hockey Stadium
* Ruimsig Stadium
* Sinaba Stadium
* Soccer City
* Soweto Cricket Oval
* UJ Stadium
* Union Stadium
* Wanderers Stadium
* Willowmoore Park Stadium

| Defunct|

* Old Wanderers
* PAM Brink Stadium
* WeBuyCars Dome

|

Golf courses|

* Glendower Golf Club
* Randpark Golf Club
* Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club

Equestrian
venues|

* Turffontein Racecourse

Motorsports
venues|

* Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit

|

Education and research

* GDE
* CIDA
* FOTIM
* Geological Society of South Africa
* Mandela Institute for Development Studies
* SAARF
* South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation
* Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa

| Libraries|

* Alexandra Children's Library
* Brenthurst Library
* Buckland Library
* Johannesburg Public Library
* Orlando East Public Library
* Randburg Library
* UJ Libraries
* Wits University Libraries
* Weltevreden Park Library

|

Universities|

| University of Johannesburg|

* Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study
* UJFM

| Campuses|

* APB Campus
* APK Campus
* Doornfontein Campus
* Soweto Campus

|

Faculties|

* Art, Design and Architecture
* Business and Economics
* Education
* Engineering and the Built Environment
* Health Sciences
* Humanities
* Law
* Science

University of the Witwatersrand|

* Campuses
* Evolutionary Studies Institute
* Global Change Institute
* Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit
* Johannesburg Planetarium
* Philosophical Papers
* Wits Theatre Complex
* Wits Vuvuzela

| Faculties|

* Commerce, Law and Management
* Engineering and the Built Environment
* School of Architecture and Planning
* School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
* School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
* Health Sciences
* Humanities
* Science

|

* CIDA City Campus
* IIE MSA

Other tertiary
institutions|

* AFDA
* Central Johannesburg College
* CityVarsity
* Damelin
* Damelin Correspondence College
* Inscape Design College
* Lyceum College
* Midrand Graduate Institute

| Business schools|

* Gordon Institute of Business Science
* IMM Graduate School
* Independent Institute of Education
* Milpark Business School
* Regenesys Business School

|

Religious institutions|

* Auckland Park Theological Seminary
* Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa
* Kollel Bet Mordechai
* Kollel Yad Shaul
* Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah
* St Augustine College
* South African Theological Seminary
* Yeshiva Gedolah

State schools|

* Hoërskool Alberton
* Allen Glen High School
* Athlone Boys' High School
* Barnato Park High School
* Boksburg High School
* Bopasenatla Secondary School
* Bryanston High School
* Hoërskool Dinamika
* Hoërskool Florida
* The Glen High School
* Germiston High School
* Greenside High School
* Hyde Park High School
* Jeppe High School for Boys
* Jeppe High School for Girls
* King Edward VII School
* Hoërskool Marais Viljoen
* Meadowlands Secondary School
* Moletsane High School
* Hoërskool Monument
* Morris Isaacson High School
* Naledi High School
* Northcliff High School
* Orchards Primary School
* Parktown Boys' High School
* Parkview Senior Primary School
* Sandown High School
* Sandringham High School
* Sir John Adamson High School
* Springs Boys' High School
* Thutolore Secondary School
* Hoërskool Voortrekker
* Waverley Girls' High School
* Westbury Secondary School

Private schools|

* Ashton International College
* Auckland Park Academy of Excellence
* Aurora Private School
* Charter College
* Crawford College, Lonehill
* Crawford College, Sandton
* Helpmekaar Kollege
* Holy Family College
* Japari School
* Johannesburg Muslim School
* King David Schools
* Kingsmead College
* Lenasia Muslim School
* Marist Brothers College
* Redhill School
* The Ridge School
* Roedean School
* Sacred Heart College
* St Andrew's School for Girls
* St Barnabas College
* St Benedict's College
* St Catherine's School
* St David's Marist College
* St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls
* St Dunstan's College
* St John's College
* St Martin's School
* St Mary's School
* St Peter's College
* St Stithians College
* Torah Academy School
* Yeshiva College of South Africa
* Yeshiva Maharsha Beis Aharon

Alternative schools|

* African Leadership Academy
* Branson School of Entrepreneurship
* Khanya College
* Michael Mount Waldorf School

International schools|

* American International School
* Deutsche Internationale Schule
* Japanese School
* Lycée Jules Verne

Services

* Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo

| Hospitals|

* Charlotte Maxeke Hospital
* Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
* Helen Joseph Hospital
* Leratong Hospital
* Milpark Hospital
* Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital
* Pholosong Hospital
* Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital
* Tambo Memorial Hospital

| Historical|

* Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath
* Queen Victoria Hospital
* Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children

|

Water supply
and sanitation|

* Rand Water
* Lesotho Highlands Water Project

| Dams|

* Vaal Dam
* Vaal Barrage

|

Water towers|

* Grand Central Water Tower
* Yeoville Water Tower

Electricity supply|

* Eskom
* City Power
* Kelvin Power Station
* Kibo Gauteng Thermal Power Station (planned)

| Defunct power stations|

* Orlando Power Station
* President Street Power Station

|

Law enforcement and
emergency services|

* Johannesburg Central Police Station
* Metro Police departments
* Johannesburg Emergency Services
* Berea Fire Station
* Ekurhuleni Disaster & Emergency Management Services

Charities and NGOs|

* ActionAid
* Africa's Young Entrepreneurs
* African Parks
* Bigshoes Foundation
* Camp Sizanani
* Children of Fire International
* Global Water Foundation
* LoveLife South Africa
* Nelson Mandela Children's Fund
* Never Ending Gardens
* Nkosi's Haven
* POLAF
* Woman Against Rape

Military units and formations

| Army units|

| Regular|

* 46 South African Brigade
* 21 South African Infantry Battalion
* 35 Engineer Support Regiment
* Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment

|

Reserve|

* Andrew Mlangeni Regiment
* Bambatha Rifles
* Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment
* Johannesburg Regiment
* Lenong Regiment
* OR Tambo Regiment
* Rand Light Infantry
* Sandfontein Artillery Regiment
* Solomon Mahlangu Regiment
* iWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment

SAMHS units|

* 6 Medical Battalion Group

Disbanded units|

| Army|

* Witwatersrand Command
* SA Army Troop Information Unit
* 2 Locating Regiment
* 3 Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron
* 7 South African Infantry Division
* 15 Reception Depot
* 72 Motorised Brigade
* 73 Motorised Brigade
* Regiment University of the Witwatersrand

| Commandos|

* Alberton
* Atlas
* Benoni
* Boksburg
* Brakpan
* Edenvale
* East Park
* Germiston
* Johannesburg East
* Johannesburg West
* Kempton Park
* Krugersdorp
* Modderfontein
* Nigel
* Randburg
* Roodepoort
* Sandton
* Springs
* Wemmerpan
* West Park
* West Rand

|

Special Forces|

* Hunter Group

SAAF|

* 4 Squadron SAAF
* 10 Squadron SAAF

* Category
* Johannesburg

* v
* t
* e

World's 50 most-populous urban areas

|  |

1. Tokyo
2. Jakarta
3. Delhi
4. Guangzhou–Foshan
5. Mumbai
6. Manila
7. Shanghai
8. Seoul
9. Cairo
10. Mexico City

11. Kolkata
12. São Paulo
13. New York
14. Karachi
15. Dhaka
16. Bangkok
17. Beijing
18. Moscow
19. Shenzhen
20. Buenos Aires

21. Los Angeles
22. Johannesburg-Pretoria
23. Bengaluru
24. Chengdu
25. Ho Chi Minh City
26. Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto
27. Lagos
28. Istanbul
29. Lahore
30. Kinshasa–Brazzaville

31. Tehran
32. Chongqing
33. Rio de Janeiro
34. Xi'an
35. Chennai
36. Paris
37. Zhengzhou
38. Luanda
39. London
40. Dongguan

41. Lima
42. Wuhan
43. Bogotá
44. Tianjin
45. Hyderabad
46. Taipei
47. Hangzhou
48. Nagoya
49. Surabaya
50. Bandung

|
|
|
|
|

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* IdRef
* NARA
* Yale LUX

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*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate
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