John the Baptist in Islam

Islamic view of John the Baptist

Prophet

Yaḥyā

يَحْيَىٰ
John the Baptist

Baby Yahya being held by two angels, late 16th century illustration from Ottoman manuscript

Born|

Yahya ibn Zakariyya

c. 5 B.C.E.

Herodian Kingdom, Roman Empire

Died| c. 30 C.E. (aged c. 34–35)

Machaerus, Herodian Tetrarchy, Roman Empire

Cause of death| Beheaded at Machaerus
Predecessor| Zakariya
Successor| Isa
Parents|

* Zechariah (father)
* Isha'[a] (mother)

Relatives|

* Isa (maternal cousin)
* Mariam (cousin or aunt)

Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (Arabic: يَحْيَىٰ ٱبْن زَكَرِيَّا‎, lit. 'John, son of Zechariah'), identified Biblically as John the Baptist, is considered in Islam a prophet of God who was sent to guide the Children of Israel. He was the maternal cousin of Isa (Jesus)[3] and believed by Muslims to have been a witness to the word of God, heralding the coming of Isa Al-Masih (literally Jesus the Messiah).[4][5]

Yahya is mentioned five times in the Qur'an.[6] Yahya is also honoured highly in Sufism as well as Islamic mysticism, primarily because of the Qur'an's description of Yāhya’s chastity and kindness.[7] Sufis have frequently applied commentaries on the passages on Yāhya in the Qur'an, primarily concerning the God-given gift of wisdom which he acquired in youth as well as his parallels with Isa. Although several phrases used to describe Yahya and Isa are virtually identical in the Qur'an, the manner in which they are expressed is different.[8]

## Birth

[edit]

Part of a series on Islam
Islamic prophets

Prophets in the Quran

Listed by Islamic name and Biblical name.

* ʾĀdam (Adam)
* ʾIdrīs (Enoch)
* Nūḥ (Noah)
* Hūd (Eber)
* Ṣāliḥ (Selah)
* ʾIbrāhīm (Abraham)
* Lūṭ (Lot)
* ʾIsmāʿīl (Ishmael)
* ʾIsḥāq (Isaac)
* Yaʿqūb (Jacob)
* Yūsuf (Joseph)
* Ayūb (Job)
* Shuʿayb (Jethro)
* Mūsā (Moses)
* Hārūn (Aaron)
* Dhu al-Kifl (Ezekiel)
* Dāūd (David)
* Sulaymān (Solomon)
* Yūnus (Jonah)
* ʾIlyās (Elijah)
* Alyasaʿ (Elisha)
* Zakarīya (Zechariah)
* Yaḥyā (John)
* ʿĪsā (Jesus)
* Muḥammad (Muhammad)

Main events

* Stories of the Prophets
* The Three Messengers

Views

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* Abrahamic prophets

Islam portal

* v
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The Qur'an frequently mentions Zakariya's continuous praying for the birth of a son. Zakariya's wife was barren and therefore the birth of a child seemed impossible.[9] As a gift from God, Zakariya was given a son by the name of Yāhya, a name specially chosen for this child alone. In accordance with Zakariya's prayer, God made Yahya and Isa, who according to tafsir (exegesis) was born six months later,[10] to renew the message of God, which had been corrupted and distorted by the Israelites.

Yahya and Isa were maternal cousins, although it is contested whether Isha', Yahya's mother, was Maryam's aunt or sister.[11]

The Qur'an says that Yāhya was the first to receive this name (Quran 19:7-10) but since the name Yoḥanan occurs many times before Yāhya,[12] this verse refers either to Islamic scholar consensus that "Yaḥyā" is not the same name as "Yoḥanan"[13] or to the Biblical account of the miraculous naming of John, which accounted that he was almost named "Zacharias" (Greek: Ζαχαρίας)[14] after his father, as no one in the lineage of his father Zacharias (Zechariah) had been named "John" ("Yohanan" or "Yoannes") before him.[15] The Qur'an says:

> ˹The angels announced,˺ "O Zachariah! Indeed, We give you the good news of ˹the birth of˺ a son, whose name will be Yāhya—a name We have not given to anyone before."
>  He wondered, "My Lord! How can I have a son when my wife is barren, and I have become extremely old?"
>  An angel replied, "So will it be! Your Lord says, 'It is easy for Me, just as I created you before, when you were nothing!'"
>  Zachariah said, "My Lord! Grant me a sign." He responded, "Your sign is that you will not ˹be able to˺ speak to people for three nights, despite being healthy."
>  So he came out to his people from the sanctuary, signalling to them to glorify ˹Allah˺ morning and evening.
>  ˹It was later said,˺ "O Yāhya! Hold firmly to the Scriptures." And We granted him wisdom while ˹he was still˺ a child,
>  as well as purity and compassion from Us. And he was God-fearing,
>  and kind to his parents. He was neither arrogant nor disobedient.

> — Surah Maryam 19:7-14

## Prophethood

[edit]

Yahya was exhorted to hold fast to the scripture and was given wisdom by God while still a child.[16] He was pure and devout, and walked well in the presence of God. He was dutiful towards his parents and he was not arrogant or rebellious. Yahya's reading and understanding of the scriptures, when only a child, surpassed even that of the greatest scholars of the time.[9] Islamic tafsir narrates that Isa sent Yahya out with twelve disciples,[17] who preached the message before Jesus called his own disciples.[10] The Qur'an says:

> ˹It was later said,˺ "O John! Hold firmly to the Scriptures [Torah]." And We granted him wisdom while ˹he was still˺ a child,

> — Surah Maryam 19:12

Yahya was a classical prophet,[18] who was exalted high by God for his bold denouncing of all things sinful. Furthermore, the Qur'an speaks of Yahya’s gentle piety and love, as well as his humble attitude towards life.

According to Islamic tradition, Yahya used to go to the Al Haram Ash-Sharif (Temple Mount) to deliver his sermons.[6]

## Assassination

[edit]

During the prophethood of Yahya, a conflict occurred between him and Herod Antipas, who wanted to divorce his wife and marry his niece. Yahya informed that the marriage would be abominably incestuous, and did not approve. After hearing this, Herod Antipas had Yahya imprisoned, then decapitated.[6] Yahya's head is believed to be inside the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.[19][20][21]

* Shrine of Yahya in Sebastia, Palestine

* Shrine purportedly housing the head of Yahya in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria

## Legacy

[edit]

Like Yahya, Muhammad's grandson Al-Husain was beheaded, and his head was temporarily kept here, in what is now the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus

In Islam, Yahya greeted Muhammad on the night of the Al-Isra wal-Mi'raj, along with Isa, in the second heaven.[22] Yahya's story was also told to the Abyssinian king during the Muslim migration to Abyssinia.[23] According to the Qur'an, Yahya was one on whom God sent peace on the day that he was born and the day that he died.[24] Shias compare Yahya with Muhammad's grandson Al-Husayn.[25]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ In Sunnī literature,[1] Hananah in Shī'ī literature[2]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Vicchio, Stephen J. (2008-07-01). Biblical Figures in the Islamic Faith. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55635-304-8.
2. ^ Muntazir Qa'im, Mahdi (2007). Jesus Through the Qur'an and Shi'ite Narrations (Bilingual ed.). Queens, New York: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an. pp. 14–15\. ISBN 978-1-8794-0214-0.
3. ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari 3430 - Prophets - كتاب أحاديث الأنبياء - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
4. ^ "Yahya", Encyclopedia of Islam
5. ^ "Prophet John". Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
6. ^ a b c "Shrine of Yahya (عليه السلام)". IslamicLandmarks.com. 2014-12-28. Archived from the original on 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
7. ^ Encyclopedia of Islam, Yahya ibn Zakkariya, Online web.
8. ^ Whereas the Quran itself gives blessings of peace to Yāhya (Quran 19:15), Isa, in contrast, gives himself the blessings of peace. (Quran 19: 16–33)
9. ^ a b Lives of the Prophets, Leila Azzam, Yāhya and Zakariyaa
10. ^ a b A–Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism, B. M. Wheeler, John the Baptist
11. ^ "The Messiah and Yahya (peace be upon them) were maternal cousins - Islam Question & Answer". islamqa.info. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
12. ^ A. Geiger, Judaism And Islam (English translation of Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen?), 1970, Ktav Publishing House Inc.: New York, p. 19.
13. ^ "And No One Had The Name Yahya (= John?) Before: A Linguistic & Exegetical Enquiry Into Qur'an 19:7". Islamic Awareness. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
14. ^ Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη (1894 Scrivener NT). Luke 1:59, 1:5, et al. https://biblia.com/books/tr1894mr/Lk1?embeddedPreview=False Archived 2021-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
15. ^ Bible Luke 1:59–1:63
16. ^ Quran 19:12
17. ^ Tabari, i, 712
18. ^ Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary, Note. 905: "The third group consists not of men of action, but Preachers of Truth, who led solitary lives. Their epithet is: "the Righteous." They form a connected group round Jesus. Zachariah was the father of John the Baptist, who is referenced as "Elias, which was for to come" (Matt 11:14); and Elias is said to have been present and talked to Jesus at the Transfiguration on the Mount (Matt. 17:3)."
19. ^ Burns, 2005, p .88.
20. ^ Talmon-Heller, Daniella; Kedar, Benjamin; Reiter, Yitzhak (January 2016). "Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad Ḥusayn in Ascalon" (PDF). Der Islam. 93: 11–13, 28–34\. doi:10.1515/islam-2016-0008. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: year (link)
21. ^ "Shrine of Nabi Yahya - Madain Project (en)". Madain Project. Archived from the original on 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
22. ^ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah, Mi'raj
23. ^ Muhammad, Martin Lings, Abysinnia. etc.
24. ^ Quran 19:13-15
25. ^ "Imam Hussain and Prophet Yahya Part 1". issuu. Archived from the original on 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-06.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint John the Baptist in Islam.

* v
* t
* e

Prophets in the Quran

| آدَم| إِدرِيس| نُوح| هُود| صَالِح| إِبْرَاهِيْم| لُوط| إِسْمَاعِيْل

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* Adam
* Adam

* Idris
* Enoch (?)

* Nuh
* Noah

* Hud
* Eber (?)

* Salih
* Selah (?)

* Ibrahim
* Abraham

* Lut
* Lot

* Ismail
* Ishmael

| إِسْحَاق| يَعْقُوب| يُوسُف| أَيُّوْب| شُعَيْب| مُوسَى| هَارُون| ذُو الكِفْل| دَاوُد

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* Is'haq
* Isaac

* Yaqub
* Jacob

* Yusuf
* Joseph

* Ayyub
* Job

* Shuayb
* Jethro (?)

* Musa
* Moses

* Harun
* Aaron

* Dhu l-Kifl
* Ezekiel (?)
* Gautama Buddha (?)

* Dawud
* David

| سُلَيْمَان| إِلْيَاس| اليَسَع| يُونُس| زَكَرِيَّا| يَحْيَى| عِيسَى| مُحَمَّد

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* Sulayman
* Solomon

* Ilyas
* Elijah

* Al-Yasa
* Elisha

* Yunus
* Jonah

* Zakariya
* Zechariah

* Yahya
* John

* Isa
* Jesus

* Muhammad
* Muhammad

Note: Muslims believe that there were many prophets sent by God to mankind. The Islamic prophets above are only the ones mentioned by name in the Quran.

* v
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* e

People and things in the Quran

Characters

Non-humans

* Allāh ('The God')
* Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)

| Animals|

| Related|

* The baqara (cow) of Israelites
* The dhiʾb (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
* The fīl (elephant) of the Abyssinians
* Ḥimār (Domesticated donkey)
* The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon
* The kalb (dog) of the sleepers of the cave
* The namlah (female ant) of Solomon
* The nūn (fish or whale) of Jonah
* The nāqat (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ

|

Non-related|

* ʿAnkabūt (Female spider)
* Dābbat al-Arḍ (Beast of the Earth)
* Ḥimār (Wild ass)
* Naḥl (Honey bee)
* Qaswarah ('Lion', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')

Malāʾikah (Angels)|

* Angels of Hell
* Mālik
* Zabāniyah
* Bearers of the Throne
* Harut and Marut
* Jundallah
* Kirāman Kātibīn (Honourable Scribes)
* Raqib
* Atid

| Muqarrabun|

* Jibrīl (Gabriel, chief)
* Ar-Rūḥ ('The Spirit')
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ('The Trustworthy Spirit')
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ('The Holy Spirit')
* Angel of the Trumpet (Isrāfīl or Raphael)
* Malakul-Mawt (Angel of Death, Azrael)
* Mīkāil (Michael)

|

Jinn (Genies)|

* Jann
* ʿIfrīt
* Sakhr (Asmodeus)
* Qarīn

Shayāṭīn (Demons)|

* Iblīs ash-Shayṭān (the (chief) Devil)
* Mārid ('Rebellious one')

Others|

* Ghilmān or Wildān
* Ḥūr

Prophets

| Mentioned|

* Ādam (Adam)
* Al-Yasaʿ (Elisha)
* Ayyūb (Job)
* Dāwūd (David)
* Dhūl-Kifl (Ezekiel?)
* Hārūn (Aaron)
* Hūd (Eber?)
* Idrīs (Enoch?)
* Ilyās (Elijah)
* ʿImrān (Joachim the father of Maryam)
* Isḥāq (Isaac)
* Ismāʿīl (Ishmael)
* Dhabih Ullah
* Lūṭ (Lot)
* Ṣāliḥ
* Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab?)
* Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David)
* ʿUzair (Ezra?)
* Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah)
* Yaʿqūb (Jacob)
* Isrāʾīl (Israel)
* Yūnus (Jonah)
* Dhūn-Nūn ('He of the Fish (or Whale)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
* Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ('Companion of the Whale')
* Yūsuf ibn Ya‘qūb (Joseph son of Jacob)
* Zakariyyā (Zechariah)

| Ulul-ʿAzm
('Those of the
Perseverance
and Strong Will')|

* Muḥammad
* Aḥmad
* Other names and titles of Muhammad
* ʿĪsā (Jesus)
* Al-Masīḥ (The Messiah)
* Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary)
* Mūsā Kalīmullāh (Moses He who spoke to God)
* Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh (Abraham Friend of God)
* Nūḥ (Noah)

|

Debatable ones|

* Dhūl-Qarnain
* Luqmān
* Maryam (Mary)
* Ṭālūt (Saul or Gideon?)

Implied|

* Irmiyā (Jeremiah)
* Ṣamūʾīl (Samuel)
* Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)

People of Prophets

| Good ones|

* Adam's immediate relatives
* Martyred son
* Wife
* Believer of Ya-Sin
* Family of Noah
* Father Lamech
* Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
* Luqman's son
* People of Abraham
* Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
* Ishmael's mother
* Isaac's mother
* People of Jesus
* Disciples (including Peter)
* Mary's mother
* Zechariah's wife
* People of Solomon
* Mother
* Queen of Sheba
* Vizier
* Zayd (Muhammad's adopted son)

| People of
Joseph|

* Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin) and Simeon)
* Egyptians
* ʿAzīz (Potiphar, Qatafir or Qittin)
* Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
* Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah)
* Mother

|

People of
Aaron and Moses|

* Egyptians
* Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
* Imraʾat Firʿawn (Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim the Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses)
* Magicians of the Pharaoh
* Wise, pious man
* Moses' wife
* Moses' sister-in-law
* Mother
* Sister

Evil ones|

* Āzar (possibly Terah)
* Firʿawn (Pharaoh of Moses' time)
* Hāmān
* Jālūt (Goliath)
* Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)
* As-Sāmirī
* Abū Lahab
* Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)

Implied or
not specified|

* Abraha
* Abu Bakr
* Bal'am/Balaam
* Barṣīṣā
* Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
* Luqman's son
* Nebuchadnezzar II
* Nimrod
* Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
* Shaddad

Groups

| Mentioned|

* Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
* People of Paradise
* People of the Burnt Garden
* Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Companions of the Sabbath)
* Jesus' apostles
* Ḥawāriyyūn (Disciples of Jesus)
* Companions of Noah's Ark
* Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim?
* Companions of the Elephant
* People of al-Ukhdūd
* People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
* People of Yathrib or Medina
* Qawm Lūṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
* Nation of Noah

| Tribes,
ethnicities
or families|

* ‘Ajam
* Ar-Rūm (literally 'The Romans')
* Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel)
* Muʾtafikāt (Sodom and Gomorrah)
* People of Ibrahim
* People of Ilyas
* People of Nuh
* People of Shuaib
* Ahl Madyan People of Madyan)
* Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ('Companions of the Wood')
* Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah)
* Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
* People of Fir'aun
* Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
* Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad)
* Anṣār (literally 'Helpers')
* Muhajirun (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
* People of Mecca
* Wife of Abu Lahab
* Children of Ayyub
* Sons of Adam
* Wife of Nuh
* Wife of Lut
* Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog)
* Son of Nuh

Aʿrāb (Arabs
or Bedouins)|

* ʿĀd (people of Hud)
* Companions of the Rass
* Qawm Tubbaʿ (People of Tubba)
* People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
* Quraysh
* Thamūd (people of Ṣāliḥ)
* Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr ('Companions of the Stoneland')

Ahl al-Bayt
('People of the
Household')|

* Household of Abraham
* Brothers of Yūsuf
* Lot's daughters
* Progeny of Imran
* Household of Moses
* Household of Muhammad
* ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
* Daughters of Muhammad
* Muhammad's wives
* Household of Salih

Implicitly
mentioned|

* Amalek
* Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
* Banu Nadir
* Banu Qaynuqa
* Banu Qurayza
* Iranian people
* Umayyad Dynasty
* Aus and Khazraj
* People of Quba

Religious
groups|

* Ahl al-Dhimmah
* Kāfirūn
* disbelievers
* Majūs Zoroastrians
* Munāfiqūn (Hypocrites)
* Muslims
* Believers
* Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
* Naṣārā (Christian(s) or People of the Injil)
* Ruhban (Christian monks)
* Qissis (Christian priest)
* Yahūd (Jews)
* Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
* Rabbani/Rabbi
* Sabians
* Polytheists
* Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
* Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot

Locations

Mentioned|

* Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ('The Holy Land')
* 'Blessed' Land'
* Al-Jannah (Paradise, literally 'The Garden')
* Jahannam (Hell)
* Door of Hittah
* Madyan (Midian)
* Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
* Miṣr (Mainland Egypt)
* Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)

| In the
Arabian Peninsula
(excluding Madyan)|

* Al-Aḥqāf ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
* Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (Iram of the Pillars)
* Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib)
* ʿArafāt and Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
* Al-Ḥijr (Hegra)
* Badr
* Ḥunayn
* Makkah (Mecca)
* Bakkah
* Ḥaraman Āminan ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
* Kaʿbah (Kaaba)
* Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham)
* Safa and Marwa
* Sabaʾ (Sheba)
* ʿArim Sabaʾ (Dam of Sheba)
* Rass

|

Sinai Region
or Tīh Desert|

* Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa)
* Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
* Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ('The Blessed Place')
* Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor

In Mesopotamia|

* Al-Jūdiyy
* Munzalanm-Mubārakan ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
* Bābil (Babylon)
* Qaryat Yūnus ('Township of Jonah,' that is Nineveh)

Religious
locations|

* Bayʿa (Church)
* Miḥrāb
* Monastery
* Masjid (Mosque, literally 'Place of Prostration')
* Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām ('The Sacred Grove')
* Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
* Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
* Masjid al-Dirar
* A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
* Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque)
* The Prophet's Mosque
* Salat (Synagogue)

Implied|

* Antioch
* Antakya
* Arabia
* Al-Ḥijāz (literally 'The Barrier')
* Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
* Cave of Hira
* Ghār ath-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
* Hudaybiyyah
* Ta'if
* Ayla
* Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
* Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
* Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
* Canaan
* Cave of Seven Sleepers
* Dār an-Nadwa
* Jordan River
* Nile River
* Palestine River
* Paradise of Shaddad

Events, incidents, occasions or times

* Incident of Ifk
* Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Decree)
* Event of Mubahala
* Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Ma'rib in Sheba)
* The Farewell Pilgrimage
* Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

| Battles or
military expeditions|

* Battle of al-Aḥzāb ('the Confederates')
* Battle of Badr
* Battle of Hunayn
* Battle of Khaybar
* Battle of Uhud
* Expedition of Tabuk
* Conquest of Mecca

|

Days|

* Al-Jumuʿah (The Friday)
* As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
* Days of battles
* Days of Hajj
* Doomsday

Months of the
Islamic calendar|

* 12 months: Four holy months
* Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
* Ramaḍān

Pilgrimages|

* Al-Ḥajj (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
* Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)

Times for prayer
or remembrance|

Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):

* Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
* Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings')
* Al-Bukrah ('The Morning')
* Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning')
* Al-Layl ('The Night')
* Al-ʿIshāʾ ('The Late-Night')
* Aẓ-Ẓuhr ('The Noon')
* Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun')
* Al-Masāʾ ('The Evening')
* Qabl al-Ghurūb ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
* Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon')
* Al-ʿAṣr ('The Afternoon')
* Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun')
* Al-Fajr ('The Dawn')

Implied|

* Ghadir Khumm
* Laylat al-Mabit
* First Pilgrimage

Other

Holy books|

* Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
* Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
* Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
* At-Tawrāt (The Torah)
* Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
* Tablets of Stone
* Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
* Umm al-Kitāb ('Mother of the Book(s)')

Objects
of people
or beings|

* Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
* Noah's Ark
* Staff of Musa
* Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
* Throne of Bilqis
* Trumpet of Israfil

| Mentioned idols
(cult images)|

* 'Ansāb
* Jibt and Ṭāghūt (False god)

| Of Israelites|

* Baʿal
* The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites

|

Of Noah's people|

* Nasr
* Suwāʿ
* Wadd
* Yaghūth
* Yaʿūq

Of Quraysh|

* Al-Lāt
* Al-ʿUzzā
* Manāt

Celestial
bodies|

Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):

* Al-Qamar (The Moon)
* Kawākib (Planets)
* Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
* Nujūm (Stars)
* Ash-Shams (The Sun)

Plant matter|

* Baṣal (Onion)
* Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
* Shaṭʾ (Shoot)
* Sūq (Plant stem)
* Zarʿ (Seed)

| Fruits|

* ʿAdas (Lentil)
* Baql (Herb)
* Qith-thāʾ (Cucumber)
* Rummān (Pomegranate)
* Tīn (Fig)
* Zaytūn (Olive)
* In Paradise
* Forbidden fruit of Adam

|

Bushes, trees
or plants|

* Plants of Sheba
* Athl (Tamarisk)
* Sidr (Lote-tree)
* Līnah (Tender Palm tree)
* Nakhl (Date palm)
* Sidrat al-Muntahā
* Zaqqūm

Liquids|

* Māʾ (Water or fluid)
* Nahr (River)
* Yamm (River or sea)
* Sharāb (Drink)

Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
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