Joomla

Free and open-source web content management system

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Joomla

Main Joomla admin interface

Developer(s)| Open Source Matters[1]
Initial release| 17 August 2005
Stable release|

5.0.1[2] / 27 November 2023; 4 months ago (27 November 2023)

Repository| https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms
Written in| PHP, JavaScript
Operating system| Microsoft Windows, Unix-like operating system
Type| content management system
License| GNU General Public License, version 2.0 or later
Website| https://www.joomla.org

Joomla (/ˈdʒuːm.lɑː/), also stylised Joomla! (with an exclamation mark) and sometimes abbreviated as J!, is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) for publishing web content on websites. Web content applications include discussion forums, photo galleries, e-Commerce and user communities, and numerous other web-based applications. Joomla is developed by a community of volunteers supported with the legal, organisational, and financial resources of Open Source Matters, Inc.

Joomla is written in PHP, uses object-oriented programming techniques, simple software design patterns, and stores data in a Structured Query Language (MySQL) database.[3] It has a software dependency on the Symfony PHP framework. Joomla includes features such as page caching, RSS feeds, blogs, search, and support for language internationalisation. It is built on a model–view–controller web application framework that can be used independently of the CMS.

Joomla has 5,635 extensions hosted in the Joomla! Extensions directory[4].

## Overview[edit]

Commercially based web hosting services may include control panels for automatically installing Joomla for their customers. Joomla may be used to create localhosted-web applications that run on a range of AMP servers.[5]

## History[edit]

### 2005–2007[edit]

Joomla was the outcome of a fork of Mambo on August 17, 2005.[6] At that time, the Mambo name was a trademark of Miro International Pvt. Ltd., which formed a non-profit foundation with the stated purpose of funding the project and protecting it from lawsuits. The Joomla development team claimed that many of the provisions of the foundation structure violated previous agreements made by the elected Mambo Steering Committee, lacked the necessary consultation with key stakeholders, and included provisions that violated core open source values.[7]

Joomla's original co-founders, Andrew Eddie, Brian Teeman, Johan Janssens, Jean-Marie Simonet, et al.,[8] established Open Source Matters, Inc. (OSM) to distribute information to the software community. Project leader Eddie wrote a letter that appeared on the announcements section of the public forum at mamboserver.com.[9] Over a thousand people joined OpenSourceMatters.org within a day, most posting words of encouragement and support. Miro CEO Peter Lamont responded publicly to the development team in an article titled "The Mambo Open Source Controversy—20 Questions With Miro".[10] This event created controversy within the free software community about the definition of open source. Forums of other open-source projects were active with postings about the actions of both sides.

In the two weeks following Eddie's announcement, teams were reorganised, and the community continued to grow. Eben Moglen and the Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC) assisted the Joomla core team beginning in August 2005, as indicated by Moglen's blog entry from that date and a related OSM announcement.[11][12] The SFLC continues to provide legal guidance to the Joomla Project as one of OSM's partners.[13]

On August 18, Eddie called for community input to suggest a name for the project. The core team reserved the right to make the final naming decision and chose a name not suggested by the community. On September 22, the new name, Joomla!, was announced. It is the anglicised spelling of the Swahili word jumla, meaning "all together" or "as a whole," which also has a similar meaning in at least Amharic, Arabic, Turkic languages and Urdu. On September 26, the development team called for logo submissions from the community and invited the community to vote on the logo; the team announced the community's decision on September 29. Beginning in October 2005, guidelines covering branding, licensing, and use of the registered trademark were published.[14]

### 2008–2011[edit]

On January 28, 2008, the first major revision to Joomla was announced:

Joomla 1.5 was popular but criticised for its inflexible and limited approach to access control.[15] Independently of the project, Andrew Eddie and Louis Landry created a company called JXtended[16] to continue the development of Control—an ACL component—that could integrate with Joomla 1.5. In July 2009, Eddie presented his ideas[17] to the Joomla User Group Brisbane.

In July 2009 of that year, the Joomla project announced a restructuring of its management: a new Joomla Leadership Team replacing the Core Team that had originally led the project. This redefined the role of the team leading the project and structured it more around community involvement in events, the Google Summer of Code projects, and other activities; the intention of the new approach to team-building was also an effort to increase community participation in the development process instead of relying upon a small group of coders to do most of the work.

According to Google Trends, interest in Joomla peaked around the period 2009–2010.[18] In January 2011—largely as the result of the collaboration between Eddie and Landry—a second major revision of Joomla was released: Joomla 1.6.[19]

Prior to the stable release of Joomla 1.6, Eddie relinquished his roles on OSM's board and project leadership;[20] Louis Landry announced his retirement from the project the following year.[21] Following Eddie's departure in September 2011, OSM sought feedback from the community, including the possibility of constituting the governing body under a new name, to restructure the board's membership and project leadership.[22]

#### Molajo[edit]

In 2010, with preparations for Joomla 1.6 nearly completed, Amy Stephen, Klas Berlic, Marco Barbosa, Matt Thomas, et al. started a project to refactor the Joomla code. Code-named Molajo (an anagram of Joomla), the group felt that the existing Joomla CMS hindered end-users and developers adopting Joomla because (a) the Joomla CMS did not offer a range of packages containing themed sets of web applications—like other CMS products had been doing for some time—and (b) the traditional MVC approach decreased developers' productivity in creating new components for Joomla.

Community reaction to Molajo was mixed. Some commentators claimed that it was a fork of the Joomla CMS—a claim strongly rejected by Stephen—while others contended that its activities would undermine the future of the Joomla CMS.[23][24] Against these headwinds, Molajo made its public debut at the J and Beyond conference in the Netherlands in 2011.[25]

Lacking support from OSM, an enthusiastic following from the Joomla community, and unable to progress beyond pre-Alpha status, Molajo collapsed around the middle of 2015.[26]

### 2012–2014[edit]

In January 2012, another major revision was announced: Joomla 2.5 (essentially bringing together the two previous minor releases from the preceding year). Joomla 2.5 brought much sought-after enhancements, a new API making it easier for novice users, additional multilanguage capability and the ability for users to update with "one-click".

Shortly after the release of Joomla 2.5, work was under way on Joomla 3.x. Joomla 3.x was focused on mobile-friendly websites on the front-end as well as a more intuitive back-end. With greater ease in site navigation and a more user-friendly means of editing Joomla site content, Joomla 3.x became the most popular version of the CMS, eventually making all previous versions obsolete.[27]

In March 2014, after seeking community feedback and a submission from the Production Leadership Team, a newly constituted OSM board approved changing the licensing for the framework from GPLv2 to LGPL.[28][29] Although the proposal only affected the licensing of the framework and not the CMS, the decision sparked a fierce debate within the community.[30][28] In the end, the framework did not adopt LGPL and is still licensed under GPLv2.[31]

In August 2014, the Joomla CMS development team released a plan for new version releases.[32]

Towards the end of 2014—three years after calling for feedback about ways to reorganise the project[22] and with Joomla 3.x into its fourth minor revision—the community discussed the leadership structure changes.[33] Eddie, although no longer an active contributor to the project, argued that the code for Joomla 3.x was "too fat and heavy to maintain with the current level of contribution"; he recommended mothballing the current CMS series and developing a less cumbersome Joomla 4. Eddie went further to criticise OSM's vision, entrepreneurship, and management of the project. Other commentators also expressed their opinion that OSM had become dysfunctional.[34]

### 2015–2018[edit]

Criticism mounted about the plan[32] for future development of the Joomla CMS. An opinion written in May 2015 by Nicholas Dionysopoulos (founder of Akeeba Ltd.) shared some of Eddie's earlier observations about OSM's lack of vision, entrepreneurship, and ability to manage the project.[35] Dionysopoulos disagreed with Eddie about the major cause of problems with Joomla 3.x; it was Dionysopoulos' view that the cause of most problems with Joomla 3.x lay within "the processes of Joomla! the organisation".

Dionysopoulos' views gathered momentum within the community and led to the formation of the Joomla 4 working group (which later became the Joomla X working group).[36][37][38]

In March 2017, the project announced the retirement of Joomla 3 and unveiled its plans to develop Joomla 4.[39] This effectively brought an end to the work of the Joomla X working group (although it would be another two years before that Joomla X working group's activity was placed in "archived" status).[40]

In an effort to improve the relationship with the community, the development team revised the 2014 plan and, in June 2018, produced a new roadmap with the expectation that Joomla 4.0 would be released in a stable form before the end of 2018.[41] During the period 2017-2018, the developers created six alpha test releases for Joomla 4.[42]

### 2019–2020[edit]

In January 2019, the developers released an updated plan revising previously announced estimated time frames;[43] the roadmap was revised several times during 2020.[44]

Community concerns intensified about the handling of the Joomla project—two years after announcing plans to retire Joomla 3 (but having already released two minor versions with plans for a third)—and by the end of 2019, a further six alpha test releases of Joomla 4 were produced for public discussion.[45] On one hand, some people questioned whether the community had lost its influence in driving the project, while, from the developers' viewpoint, the other side defended the project by observing that things would be more productive if the community had been more actively engaged in testing, rather than criticising, the alpha releases. These discussions revealed a growing sense of division between developers on one side and end users on the other.

A lengthy debate that started in March 2019 and initially focused on the aesthetics and usability of the Joomla 4 backend interface highlighted an overall sense of disappointment with management and progress of the project.[46] Although the debate was weighted heavily on criticising the backend aesthetics, people on all sides of the discussion aired their dissenting opinions about why the Joomla 4 project had become distracted by feature creep, software bloat, eventual cost overrun and lack of trust.

Against a background of unrelenting criticism from within the community and declining popular interest in Joomla at the time[18] a conference was held in January 2020 to develop a strategy for the future.[47] The conference identified several key areas for further work but basically accepted the premise that faults related mainly to the project's organisational framework rather than the quality of the product.[48]

On May 28, 2020, the Joomla team disclosed that a data breach had occurred that potentially affected 2,700 users by exposing their personal details.[49] The incident was discovered by an internal audit of the website that also highlighted the presence of superuser accounts owned by individuals outside OSM. Although no evidence was found of any unauthorised access to personal information, action was immediately taken to mitigate the risk, including a requirement for all users to change their passwords.[50]

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted Joomla's planned events, resulting in the cancellation of the main world-wide conferences.[51]

2020-2021.

Version 4.0 was released on August 17, 2021, and introduced a fundamentally customized user interface. For example, the editor and media manager were revised. There are also now customizable email templates, improved accessibility, a new search function, a revised code architecture for higher security, speed improvements, and new functions for collaboration in author teams.

2021-2023.

Version 5.0 was released on October 17, 2023, and raised the minimum PHP version to 8.1, MySQL to 8.0.13, and PostgreSQL to 12. Additionally, MariaDB version 10.4 became officially supported. The backend template received a dark mode, and numerous enhancements were implemented in the codebase.

Version 5.1 was released on February 24, 2024.

## Version history[edit]

### Versions in use[edit]

The first chart below shows the prevalence of the different versions of Joomla among all websites using Joomla in January 2023.[52]

The second chart below shows the prevalence of the different versions of Joomla in the last 180 days up to 7 December 2023.[53]

Versions of Joomla in use, March 2023

1 (6.9%)

2 (10.6%)

3 (82.4%)

4 (0.1%)

Versions of Joomla in use in the 180 days up to 7 December 2023

3.5 (0.43%)

3.6 (1.51%)

3.7 (0.50%)

3.8 (1.17%)

3.9 (8.66%)

3.10 (40.69%)

4.0 (0.62%)

4.1 (0.65%)

4.2 (2.96%)

4.3 (19.42%)

4.4 (16.55%)

5.0 (6.84%)

## Development and support[edit]

### Developers[edit]

Joomla is maintained as an open-source project by a community of volunteers and licensed under the GNU General Public License on an "as is" basis, without any warranty of any kind, including implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The source code is maintained on GitHub. The top three most popular public forums for discussing Joomla and seeking technical advice are The Joomla Forum, Joomla on Stack Exchange, and mattermost which is Joomla's custom collaboration tool.

### Extensions[edit]

Many users have created extensions (modules and components) for Joomla, which they usually make available to the user community free of charge - for example, an online shop solution with VirtueMart. In this way, Joomla offers a considerable range of functions that cover practically all common applications. In addition to the advantages, these extensions have repeatedly caused security problems in the past, so the user should exercise a certain degree of caution. In addition to the free extensions, there are also some commercial products for Joomla, but these are controversial in terms of licensing.

When it comes to extensions, a distinction is made between plugins, components, modules, and templates. Plugins change the Joomla program code, components add additional functionality, and modules display data from the Joomla core or other extensions. Templates determine the appearance and the page structure.

#### Security[edit]

Due to its popularity and known security problems, Joomla installations are repeatedly the target of attacks, especially in the form of so-called defacements. However, according to an IBM study from 2008, the number of security gaps in web applications has generally increased dramatically, so that in principle all systems are affected by this problem.

Joomla addresses security concerns through its so called "Bug Squad", tasked with identifying and resolving bugs. The proliferation of third-party components introduces additional security risks, often exploited by malicious actors. Some extensions require extensive server permissions, potentially undisclosed to users. While programming-related security flaws are rare and swiftly addressed, many users overlook the importance of regular maintenance, unaware of the risks posed by neglecting updates. Assistance is available through the online community to help users keep their systems secure.

#### Development Lifecycle[edit]

Joomla has adopted a new development strategy with the introduction of 1.6. The basic idea is the more continuous publication of Standard Support Release (SSR). This is intended to ensure that user requests are incorporated into the Joomla core more quickly and stabilized live for the benefit of future publications. Many users are critical of the rapid change between major releases, especially when complex applications have been developed for a Joomla website and the creator has to update the core in order to receive current security updates.

On April 25, 2014, the developers announced that the previous system consisting of different LTR (Long Term Release) and STR (Short Term Release) version rails would be abandoned in favour of a linear version cycle. The first release after this change was version 3.3.1.

## Community[edit]

### Conferences[edit]

J and Beyond is an annual conference primarily catering to Joomla developers and site integrators. Hosted in Europe typically around May, it serves as a key gathering for professionals involved in Joomla-related projects.

### Financial support[edit]

Joomla is primarily funded by private sponsorships that offset OSM's operational costs; these costs include taxes, accounting, presence at ground events, operation of domains, and so forth.[54] The project receives the rest of its revenue from website advertising, commissions, examination fees, and Google Summer of Code.[55]

### Joomla User Groups (JUGs)[edit]

The so-called JUGs are local groups of Joomla users and developers who meet regularly to exchange information about Joomla, plan projects (e.g. workshops), and get to know each other. JUGs currently exist (as of March 2019) in the cities of Augsburg, Berlin, Böblingen, Dresden, Freiburg Breisgau, Friedrichshafen, Fulda, Gifhorn, Hamburg, Hanover, Karlsruhe, Koblenz, Cologne, Landshut, Lübeck, Munich, Nuremberg, Rhine-Main, Sauerland, Stuttgart, Wolfenbüttel, as well as in Switzerland and Austria.

## Awards[edit]

Year  | Award[note 1] | Category

|
|

2005  | UK Linux & Open Source Awards  | Best Linux / Open Source Project
2006  | Packt Open Source Awards  | Best Open Source CMS
UK Linux & Open Source Awards  | Best Linux / Open Source Project
2007  | Packt Open Source Awards  | Best PHP Open Source CMS
2008  | Packt Open Source Awards  |

* Open Source CMS Most Valued Person — Personal award: Johan Janssens
* 1st Runner-up Best Open Source CMS
* 1st Runner-up Best Overall Open Source CMS

2009  | Packt Open Source Awards  |

* Open Source CMS Most Valued Person — Personal award: Louis Landry
* 1st Runner-up Packt Hall of Fame CMS
* 2nd Runner-up Best Open Source CMS

2010  | Packt Open Source Awards  | 2nd Runner-up Hall of Fame CMS
2011  | Packt Open Source Awards  | Best Open Source CMS
2014  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Open Source PHP CMS
2015  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
2016  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
2017  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
2018  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
2019  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
2020  | CMS Critic Awards  | People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
2021  | CMS Critic Awards  |

* People's Choice Awards: Best Free CMS
* People's Choice Awards: Best Open Source CMS
* Critic's Choice Awards: Best Open Source CMS

## See also[edit]

* Free and open-source software portal

* Comparison of web frameworks
* List of content management systems

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Only verifiable citations from "Joomla! Awards" are included in this table.

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Welcome to Open Source Matters!". Retrieved 29 January 2023.
2. ^ "Release 5.0.1". 27 November 2023.
3. ^ Joomla Technical Requirements
4. ^ "Joomla! Extensions Directory". extensions.joomla.org. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
5. ^ Joomla Technical Requirements
6. ^ Eddie, Andrew (8 April 2006). "Joomla! Developer Blog: So Really—What's the Difference". Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
7. ^ "Joomla Forum Discussion by Development Team members and Community". 7 May 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
8. ^ Teeman, Brian (17 August 2015). "Joomla is ten years old today". Retrieved 1 December 2020.
9. ^ Eddie, Andrew (17 August 2005). "Mambo Open Source Development Team—Letter to the community". Retrieved 13 February 2014.
10. ^ Shreves, Ric (21 August 2005). "The Mambo Open Source Controversy—20 Questions With Miro". Archived from the original on 18 March 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2010. Alt URL
11. ^ Moglen, Eben (August 2005). "Why I like Open Source Matters (was Why I Like Mambo)". Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
12. ^ Russell, Peter (2005). "Award-winning Development Team Welcomes New Arrival—Joomla!". Retrieved 8 October 2008.
13. ^ "Partners". Joomla.org. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
14. ^ "Logo Usage and Brand Guide". docs.joomla.org. Retrieved 8 October 2008.[permanent dead link]
15. ^ "Multi-Level User Access With Joomla". 7 June 2007. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
16. ^ "Newsletter—Welcome to JXtended". JXtended Solutions. December 2007. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
17. ^ "Lifting the lid on Joomla 1.6" (PDF). 7 June 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
18. ^ a b "Google Trends—Explore—joomla (search term)". Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
19. ^ "The Path Forward: Migration and the Future". Joomla.org. 20 January 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
20. ^ "Andrew Eddie resigns from the Joomla! project". Joomlablogger. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
21. ^ Landry, Louis (3 August 2011). "My Retirement". Retrieved 30 November 2020.
22. ^ a b "Proposed leadership structure changes & request for community feedback". community.joomla.org. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
23. ^ "Joomla 1.6 upgrading FAQ - Discussion". 22 January 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
24. ^ "History repeating iself?". 1 February 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
25. ^ Stephen, Amy, et al. (Molajo team) (6 May 2011). What is Molajo?. J and Beyond 2011 conference. Kerkrade, The Netherlands. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
26. ^ Stephen, Amy (31 August 2015). "Molajo (GitHub)". GitHub. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
27. ^ Severdia, Ron; Gress, Jennifer (2014). Using Joomla: Efficiently build and manage custom websites. O'Reilly Media. p. 2\. ISBN 978-1-449-34539-6.
28. ^ a b "Feedback on potential Joomla! Framework LGPL license change". 21 February 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
29. ^ "LGPL License Change Approved for the Joomla Framework". community.joomla.org. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
30. ^ "Joomla Framework changes to LGPL". 28 March 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
31. ^ "What is the Joomla! Framework?". framework.joomla.org. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
32. ^ a b "Roadmap". developer.joomla.org. 9 August 2014. Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
33. ^ "Update on the proposed leadership structure changes". 7 November 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
34. ^ Dionysopoulos, Nicholas (2 November 2014). "Refactoring Joomla!". Retrieved 1 December 2020.
35. ^ Dionysopoulos, Nicholas (15 May 2015). "The problem is the vision". Retrieved 1 December 2020.
36. ^ Dings, Marco (20 July 2015). "Joomla! 4 working group". developer.joomla.org. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
37. ^ Braczek, Niels (28 April 2016). "Current State of Joomla!X". volunteers.joomla.org. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
38. ^ Nguyen, Henry (8 December 2016). "The future of Joomla: How Joomla will evolve in the next versions?". Joomlashine. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
39. ^ "Joomla! 3 Retiring as Joomla! 4 Comes to Life". developer.joomla.org. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
40. ^ "OSM Board Meeting minutes". Open Source Matters, Inc. 4 April 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
41. ^ "Joomla! Project Roadmap". developer.joomla.org. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
42. ^ "Joomla 4 is on the horizon …". developer.joomla.org. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
43. ^ "Joomla! Project Roadmap". developer.joomla.org. 15 January 2019. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
44. ^ "Joomla! Project Roadmap". developer.joomla.org. 24 November 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
45. ^ "What's holding back the release of Joomla 4 Beta now?". forum.joomla.org. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
46. ^ "About the design of the administration?". forum.joomla.org. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
47. ^ "Towards a Product Led Future—Forum for the Future". community.joomla.org. Marbella, Spain. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
48. ^ "Forum for the Future: where are we now?". community.joomla.org. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
49. ^ "Joomla team discloses data breach". ZDnet. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
50. ^ "JRD Security Incident Notification". community.joomla.org. 28 May 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
51. ^ Mitchell, Brian (30 May 2020). Essential Joomla. J and Beyond 2020 conference. Cologne, Germany. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
52. ^ "Versions of Joomla". Retrieved 5 March 2023.
53. ^ "Recent versions of Joomla". Retrieved 7 December 2023.
54. ^ "Joomla! Sponsorships Opportunities". joomla.org. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
55. ^ "2019/2020 Budget Overview". community.joomla.org. 26 August 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2021.

## External links[edit]

* Media related to Joomla! at Wikimedia Commons
* Official website

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