Jose the Galilean

Jewish sage 1st and 2nd centuries CE

Rabbinical eras

* Chazal
* Zugot
* Tannaim
* Amoraim
* Savoraim
* Geonim
* Rishonim
* Acharonim

* v
* t
* e

Jose the Galilean (Hebrew: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, Rabbi Yose HaGelili), d. 15 Av,[1] was a Jewish sage who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. He was one of the Tannaim, the rabbis whose work was compiled in the Mishna.

## Biography

[edit]

The tomb of Rabbi Yose HaGelili in Dalton, Israel

Neither the name of his father nor the circumstances of his youth are known, though his name ("HaGelili") indicates that he was a native of Galilee. He suffered from the stereotype of Galileans commonly held by Judeans;[2] once a woman who wanted to make a point with him began by calling him a "foolish Galilean".[3]

Jose was a contemporary and colleague of Rabbi Akiva, Rabbi Tarfon, and Eleazar ben Azariah. When he entered the academy at Yavne, he was entirely unknown. It is also noted that he was extremely modest and addressed Tarfon as "my master".[4] He was, nevertheless, a thorough scholar even then, and his arguments nonplused both Tarfon and Akiva. His first appearance at Yavne thus obtained for him general recognition, and the two rabbis considered him not as a pupil, but as a colleague. Akiva was obliged to endure more than one sharp criticism from Jose, who once said to him: "Though you expound the whole day, I shall not listen to you".[5] Tarfon expressed his high esteem of Jose by interpreting Daniel 8:4-7 as though it contained an allusion to him: "I saw the ram, that is, Akiva, and saw that no beast might stand before him; and I beheld the he-goat, that is, Jose the Galilean, come, and cast him down to the ground."[6] As a matter of fact, Jose was the only one who opposed Akiva successfully, and Akiva frequently abandoned his own interpretation in favor of Jose's.[7]

Jose was famed for his piety. An amora of the 3rd century says: "When, for their sins, there is drought in Israel, and such a one as Jose the Galilean prays for rain, the rain comes straightway".[8] The popular invocation, "O Jose ha-Gelili, heal me!" survived even to the 10th century. This invocation is condemned by the Karaite Sahl ben Matzliah.[9]

Jose's married life was unhappy. His wife was malicious and quarrelsome, and frequently insulted him in the presence of his pupils and friends; on the advice of the friends he divorced her. When she married again and was in poverty, Jose was magnanimous enough to support her and her husband.[10] Jose did have a son, Eliezer ben Jose, who followed in his father's footsteps and became a great rabbinic authority.

## Teachings

[edit]

Jose frequently showed a tendency to revert to the older Halakha, explaining the text according to its literal meaning[11]

Generally, though, his halakic exegesis differed little from that of Akiva, and both often employed the same rules of interpretation.[12] He taught that poultry may be cooked in milk and eaten,[13] as was done in his own native town;[14] and that during Passover one may enjoy anything that is leavened, except as food.[15]

Of his aggadic opinions the two following may be mentioned: The command of the Torah that the "face of the old man" shall be honored[16] includes, by implication, the young man who has acquired wisdom.[17] The words "He shall rule over thee"[18] do not include every form of power.[19]

### Quotes

[edit]

* The righteous have their desires in their power, but the wicked are under the power of their desires.[20]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Rabbi Yose HaGelili page Tzadikim website
2. ^ Singer, Isidore and acob Zallel Lauterbach. "Jose the Galilean". Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906
3. ^ "Gelili shoteh"; Eruvin 53b
4. ^ "rabbi"; Zevahim 57a
5. ^ Zevahim 82a
6. ^ Tosefta, Mikvaot 7:11; Sifre, Numbers [ed. Friedmann, p. 44a].
7. ^ Haggigah 14a; Pesachim 36b
8. ^ Yerushalmi Berachot 9b
9. ^ cf. Simhah Pinsker, Liqqute Kadmoniyyot, p. 32
10. ^ Genesis Rabbah 17
11. ^ Mekhilta, Bo [ed. Weiss, pp. 4b, 9b]; Mekhilta, Beshallah [ed. Weiss, p. 44a]; Sifre, Deuteronomy [ed. Friedmann, p. 97b]; Avoda Zarah 45a; et al.
12. ^ cf. Ketubim 44a; Kiddushin. 32b; Pesahim 23a, 36a; Betzah 21a,b
13. ^ Hullin 113a
14. ^ Hullin 116a
15. ^ Pesachim 28b
16. ^ Leviticus 19:32
17. ^ Kiddushin 32b
18. ^ Genesis 3:16
19. ^ Genesis Rabbah 20
20. ^ Berakhot 61b

## Resources

[edit]

* Singer, Isidore and acob Zallel Lauterbach. "Jose the Galilean". Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906; which contains the following bibliography:

* Frankel, Hodegetica in Mischnam, pp. 125-127, Leipsic, 1859;
* Brüll, Einleitung in die Mischna, pp. 125-130, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1876;
* Bacher, Ag. Tan. i. 252-265;
* Weiss, Dor, ii. 119-120.

## External links

[edit]

* Jose the Galilean by Isidore Singer and Jacob Zallel Lauterbach
* RabbiYose ha Gelili Ohel in Dalton, Israel

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)

* v
* t
* e

Rabbis of the Mishnah: chronology and hierarchy

| | | | | | | | Teacher→Student| | | | | | | Father→Son| | | | | |

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Hillel| | Shammai| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Simeon ben Hillel| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Rabban Gamliel| | | | | | | | Yohanan ben Zakkai| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Shimon ben Gamliel| | Yose the Galilean| | Eliezer ben Hurcanus| | Yehoshua ben Hananiah| | Elazar ben Arach| | Elazar ben Azariah
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Gamaliel of Yavne| | Elisha ben Abuyah| | | | Akiva| | Ishmael ben Elisha| | Tarfon| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shimon ben Gamliel II| | Meir| | Yehudah| | Yose ben Halafta| | Shimon bar Yochai| | Elazar ben Shammua| | Natan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Yehudah haNasi| | | Hiyya| | | | | |

* v
* t
* e

Tannaim

Last Generation of Zugot Era|

* Hillel the Elder
* Shammai
* Houses of Hillel and Shammai
* Bnei Bathyra
* Menahem
* Hananiah ben Hezekiah ben Garon
* Simeon ben Hillel

First Generation|

* Gamaliel I, the Elder
* Shimon ben Gamliel (I)
* Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen
* Yohanan ben Zakkai
* Jonathan ben Uzziel
* Baba ben Buta
* Hanina ben Dosa
* Hanina Segan ha-Kohanim
* Abba Saul ben Batnit
* Admon
* Dosa ben Harkinas
* Judah ben Bathyra
* Eliezer ben Jacob I
* Nahum the Mede

Second Generation|

* Gamaliel II
* Joshua ben Hananiah
* Eliezer ben Hurcanus
* Eleazar ben Arach
* Nehunya ben HaKanah
* Nachum Ish Gamzu
* Abba Hilkiah
* Rabbi Zadok
* Akabia ben Mahalalel
* Simeon HaPakoli
* Shmuel ha-Katan

Third Generation|

* Rabbi Akiva
* Rabbi Tarfon
* Judah ben Bava
* Rabbi Ishmael
* Eleazar ben Azariah
* Jose the Galilean
* Eliezer ben Jose
* Haninah ben Teradion
* Eleazar ben Perata I
* Johanan ben Baroka
* Simeon ben Zoma
* Simeon ben Azzai
* Onkelos
* Hanina ben Antigonus
* Hanina ben Hakinai
* Yochanan ben Nuri
* Eleazar Chisma
* Elisha ben Abuyah
* Rabbi Ilai I
* Eleazar of Modi'im
* Halafta
* Haninah ben Ahi R. Joshua
* Abtolemus
* Jose ben Kisma
* Jeshbab the Scribe
* Aquila of Sinope
* Johanan ben Torta
* Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota
* Matteya ben Heresh
* Hanan the Egyptian
* Simeon the Yemenite
* Abba Jose ben Hanan
* Judah ben Dama

Fourth Generation|

* Simeon ben Gamaliel II
* Judah bar Ilai
* Jose ben Halafta
* Shimon ben Halafta
* Rabbi Jonathan
* Rabbi Meir (and wife Bruriah)
* Shimon bar Yochai
* Eleazar ben Shammua
* Rabbi Nehemiah
* Rabbi Nathan
* Joshua ben Karha
* Abba Saul
* Johanan HaSandlar
* Pinchas ben Yair
* Simeon Shezuri
* Hananiah ben Akavia
* Eliezer ben Jacob II

Fifth Generation|

* Judah haNasi (Judah I)
* Huna Kamma
* Jose ben Judah
* Ishmael ben Jose
* Eleazar ben Simeon
* Simeon ben Eleazar
* Eleazar ha-Kappar
* Symmachus ben Joseph
* Issi ben Judah
* Bar Kappara
* Jose ben Zimra
* Levi ben Sisi
* Rabbi Bana'ah
* Simeon ben Menasya
* Yadua the Babylonian
* Joshua ben Levi
* Abba Kohen Bardela

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* 2
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Norway
* Sweden
* Israel

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template