Jurassic Park (film)

1993 film by Steven Spielberg

This article is about the original 1993 film. For the franchise, see Jurassic Park. For other uses, see Jurassic Park (disambiguation).

"Jurassic Park 1" redirects here. For the first novel, see Jurassic Park (novel).

Jurassic Park

Theatrical release poster

Directed by| Steven Spielberg
Screenplay by|

* Michael Crichton
* David Koepp

Based on| Jurassic Park
by Michael Crichton
Produced by|

* Kathleen Kennedy
* Gerald R. Molen

Starring|

* Sam Neill
* Laura Dern
* Jeff Goldblum
* Richard Attenborough
* Bob Peck
* Martin Ferrero
* BD Wong
* Samuel L. Jackson
* Wayne Knight
* Joseph Mazzello
* Ariana Richards

Cinematography| Dean Cundey
Edited by| Michael Kahn
Music by| John Williams

Production
company

Amblin Entertainment

Distributed by| Universal Pictures

Release dates

* June 9, 1993 (1993-06-09) (Uptown Theater)
* June 11, 1993 (1993-06-11) (United States)

Running time

| 127 minutes[1]
Country| United States
Language| English
Budget| $63 million[2]
Box office| $1.058 billion[3]

Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction action film[4] directed by Steven Spielberg, produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen, and starring Sam Neill, Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum, and Richard Attenborough. It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and the first film in the original Jurassic Park trilogy, and is based on Michael Crichton's 1990 novel of the same name, with a screenplay by Crichton and David Koepp. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, off Central America's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica, where a wealthy businessman John Hammond (Attenborough), and a team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors, including Hammond's grandchildren, struggle to survive and escape the now perilous island.

Before Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of Universal Pictures, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million before its publication in 1990. Crichton was hired for an additional $500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, while making numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992, and post-production lasted until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler's List. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic, and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston's team. To showcase the film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur sounds, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS, a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. The film was backed by an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies.

Jurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and was released on June 11 in the United States. It was a blockbuster hit and went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run,[5] surpassing Spielberg's own E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of Titanic in 1997.[6] It also remains the highest-grossing film directed by Spielberg to date. The film was also a critical success, with praise directed at its special effects, sound design, action sequences, John Williams's score, and Spielberg's direction.[7] The film won over 20 awards, including three Academy Awards for technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, Jurassic Park became the oldest film in history to surpass $1 billion in ticket sales and the 17th overall.

Jurassic Park's pioneering use of computer-generated imagery is considered to have paved the way for the special effects practices of modern cinema. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film spawned a multimedia franchise that includes five sequels, two television series, video games, theme park attractions, comic books, and various merchandise.

## Plot

[edit]

Industrialist John Hammond has created Jurassic Park, a theme park of cloned dinosaurs, on the tropical island Isla Nublar, located off of the coast of Costa Rica. After a Velociraptor kills a dinosaur handler, the park's investors, represented by lawyer Donald Gennaro, demand a safety certification. Gennaro invites chaotician Ian Malcolm, and Hammond invites paleontologist Alan Grant and paleobotanist Ellie Sattler. Upon arrival, the group is shocked to see a live Brachiosaurus and other dinosaurs. At the park's visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting dinosaur DNA from prehistoric mosquitoes preserved in amber. DNA from frogs, among other animals, were used to fill in gaps in the dinosaurs' genome.

To prevent breeding, the dinosaurs were made female by direct chromosome manipulation. The group witnesses the hatching of a baby Velociraptor and visits the raptor enclosure. During lunch, the group debates the ethics of cloning and the park's creation. Malcolm warns of the implications of genetic engineering while Grant and Sattler express uncertainty over the ability of humans and dinosaurs to coexist. Hammond's grandchildren Lex and Tim join the others for a tour of the park, while Hammond oversees them from the control room. Most of the dinosaurs fail to appear and the group encounters a sick Triceratops. The tour is cut short as a tropical storm approaches. The park employees leave for the mainland on a boat, while the visitors return to their railed-electric tour vehicles, except Sattler, who stays behind with the park's veterinarian, Dr. Harding, to study the sick Triceratops.

Jurassic Park's disgruntled lead computer programmer Dennis Nedry was previously bribed by Lewis Dodgson, a man working for Hammond's corporate rival, to steal frozen dinosaur embryos. He deactivates the park's security system to access the embryo storage room and stores them inside a container disguised as a Barbasol shaving cream can.

Nedry's sabotage cuts power to the tour vehicles, stranding them as they near the park's Tyrannosaurus rex paddock. Most of the park's electric fences have also been deactivated, allowing the Tyrannosaurus to escape and attack the group. After the Tyrannosaurus overturns a tour vehicle, it injures Malcolm and devours Gennaro, while Grant, Lex, and Tim escape. On his way to deliver the embryos to the island's docks, Nedry gets lost in the rain, crashes his Jeep Wrangler, and is killed by a venom-spitting Dilophosaurus. Sattler helps the game warden Robert Muldoon search for survivors; they find Malcolm just before the Tyrannosaurus returns and chases them away. Grant, Tim, and Lex take shelter in a treetop and encounter a Brachiosaurus herd. They discover the broken shells of dinosaur eggs the following morning. Grant concludes that the dinosaurs are breeding, which is possible because of amphibian DNA—animals like West African frogs can change their sex in a single-sex environment, enabling the dinosaurs to breed. The three later encounter a Gallimimus stampede being hunted by the Tyrannosaurus.

Unable to decipher Nedry's code to reactivate the security system, Hammond and chief engineer Ray Arnold decide to reboot the park's systems. The group shuts down the park's power grid and retreat to an emergency bunker, while Arnold heads to a maintenance shed to complete the rebooting process. When Arnold fails to return, Sattler and Muldoon head over, discovering the shutdown has released the Velociraptors. Muldoon distracts two of them while Sattler turns the power back on before being attacked by a third and discovering Arnold's severed arm. Muldoon, simultaneously, is caught off-guard and killed.

Grant, Tim, and Lex reach the visitor center. Grant heads out to look for Sattler, leaving Tim and Lex inside. The raptors appear and pursue Tim and Lex throughout a kitchen, but they escape, locking one in a freezer before joining Grant and Sattler. The group reaches the control room, and Lex restores the park's systems, allowing them to contact Hammond, who calls for help. As they try to leave, they are cornered by the two remaining raptors, but the Tyrannosaurus appears and kills them while the group flees. Hammond arrives in a jeep with Malcolm, and they board a helicopter to leave the island.

## Cast

[edit]

Main article: List of Jurassic Park characters

* Sam Neill as Dr. Alan Grant: A paleontologist
* Laura Dern as Dr. Ellie Sattler: A paleobotanist
* Jeff Goldblum as Dr. Ian Malcolm: A mathematician and chaos theorist
* Richard Attenborough as John Hammond: CEO and founder of InGen
* Bob Peck as Robert Muldoon: Jurassic Park's game warden
* Martin Ferrero as Donald Gennaro: A lawyer representing Hammond's investors who are concerned about the safety of Jurassic Park
* B.D. Wong as Dr. Henry Wu: Jurassic Park's chief geneticist
* Joseph Mazzello as Tim Murphy: Lex's younger brother and Hammond's grandson
* Ariana Richards as Lex Murphy: Tim's older sister and Hammond's granddaughter
* Samuel L. Jackson as Ray Arnold: Jurassic Park chief engineer
* Wayne Knight as Dennis Nedry: Jurassic Park computer programmer
* Jerry Molen as Dr. Harding: Jurassic Park veterinarian
* Miguel Sandoval as Juanito Rostagno
* Cameron Thor as Dr. Lewis Dodgson: An employee working for InGen's corporate rival, identified in the novel and later in the sequel films as Biosyn
* Whit Hertford as Volunteer Boy
* Greg Burson as the voice of Mr. DNA
* Richard Kiley as the voice of the Jurassic Park tour vehicle guide

## Production

[edit]

### Development

[edit]

Michael Crichton's book attracted the attention of director Steven Spielberg (right) even before it was published. The author was also responsible for the film's first scripts.

Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a graduate student who recreates a dinosaur. He continued to wrestle with his fascination with dinosaurs and cloning until he began writing the novel Jurassic Park.[8] Before its publication, Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989, while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become the television series ER.[9] Spielberg recognized what really fascinated him about Jurassic Park was it was "a really credible look at how dinosaurs might someday be brought back alongside modern mankind", going beyond a simple monster movie.[10]

Before the book was published, Crichton had demanded $1.5 million for the film rights and a substantial percentage of the gross. Warner Bros. and Tim Burton, Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner, and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante bid for the rights,[9] but Universal Pictures acquired them in May 1990 for Spielberg.[11] James Cameron revealed in 2012 he tried to get the rights only to discover that Spielberg acquired them a few hours prior.[12] After completing Hook, Spielberg wanted to film Schindler's List. Sid Sheinberg, president of Music Corporation of America (Universal's parent company at the time) gave the green light to Schindler's List on the condition Spielberg make Jurassic Park first.[9] He said later by choosing a creature-driven thriller, he wanted to try to make a good sequel to Jaws, on land.[13] Spielberg was also heavily inspired to make the film because of King Kong[14] as he stated, "My one precedent for Jurassic Park was King Kong. King Kong was the high water mark for special effects creating a world I never knew existed". "And I think that was my high-water mark for imagining what it would be like to do a King Kong of today. Certainly I don’t consider Jurassic Park a classic the way King Kong is a classic, but I was so inspired by King Kong that that was one of the reasons I think I wanted to make Jurassic Park".[15] As well Spielberg originally planned on bringing the dinosaurs to life for long shots "the same way that Willis O'Brien made King Kong",[16] with stop motion animation before ultimately deciding to use CGI. Spielberg also cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park, specifically Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching.[17] During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made him and viewers believe it was really happening.[18]

To create the dinosaurs, Spielberg thought of hiring Bob Gurr, who designed a giant mechanical King Kong for Universal Studios Hollywood's King Kong Encounter. Upon reflection, he felt life-size dinosaurs would be too expensive and unconvincing. Instead Spielberg sought the best effects supervisors in Hollywood. He brought in Stan Winston to create the animatronic dinosaurs; Phil Tippett (credited as Dinosaur Supervisor) to create go motion dinosaurs for long shots; Michael Lantieri to supervise the on-set effects; and Dennis Muren of Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to do the digital compositing. Paleontologist Jack Horner supervised the designs,[19] to help fulfill Spielberg's desire to portray the dinosaurs as animals rather than monsters. Certain concepts about dinosaurs, like the theory they evolved into birds and had very little in common with lizards, were followed. This prompted the removal of the raptors' flicking tongues in Tippett's early animatics,[15] as Horner complained it was implausible.[20] Winston's department created fully detailed models of the dinosaurs before molding latex skins, which were fitted over complex robotics. Tippett created stop-motion animatics of the raptors in the kitchen and the Tyrannosaurus attacking the car. Despite go motion's attempts at motion blurs, Spielberg found the end results unsatisfactory for a live-action feature film. Muren told Spielberg he thought the dinosaurs could be built using computer-generated imagery; Spielberg asked him to prove it.[15] ILM animators Mark Dippé and Steve Williams developed a computer-generated walk cycle for the T. rex skeleton and were approved to do more.[21] When Spielberg and Tippett saw an animatic of the T. rex chasing a herd of Gallimimus, Spielberg said, "You're out of a job", to which Tippett replied, "Don't you mean extinct?"[15] Spielberg put this exchange into the script as a conversation between Malcolm and Grant.[22] Although no go motion was used, the production still used Tippett and his animators to supervise dinosaur movement. Tippett acted as a consultant for dinosaur anatomy, and his stop motion animators were retrained as computer animators.[15] The animatics Tippett's team made were also used, along with the storyboards, as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences.[23] ILM's artists were sent on private tours to the local animal park, so they could study large animals – rhinos, elephants, alligators, and giraffes – up close. They also took mime classes to aid in understanding movements.[24]

### Writing

[edit]

1917 skeletal diagram of Tyrannosaurus published by Henry Fairfield Osborn, which was the basis of the novel's cover, and subsequently the logo of the movies.[25]

Universal paid Crichton a further $500,000 to adapt his own novel,[26] which he had finished by the time Spielberg was filming Hook. Crichton noted that because the book was "fairly long", his script had about 10 to 20 percent of the novel's content; scenes were dropped for budgetary and practical reasons, and the violence was toned down.[27] Malia Scotch Marmo began a script rewrite in October 1991 over a five-month period, merging Ian Malcolm with Alan Grant.[28]

Spielberg wanted another writer to rework the script, so Universal president Casey Silver recommended David Koepp, co-writer of Death Becomes Her.[29] Koepp started afresh from Marmo's draft, and used Spielberg's idea of a cartoon shown to the visitors to remove much of the exposition that fills Crichton's novel.[30] While Koepp tried to avoid excessive character detail "because whenever they started talking about their personal lives, you couldn't care less",[31] he tried to flesh out the characters and make for a more colorful cast, with moments such as Malcolm flirting with Sattler leading to Grant's jealousy.[10] Some characterizations were changed from the novel. Hammond went from a ruthless businessman to a kindly old man, because Spielberg identified with Hammond's obsession with showmanship.[32] He also switched the characters of Tim and Lex; in the book, Tim is 11 and interested in computers, and Lex is only seven or eight and interested in sports. Spielberg did this because he wanted to work with the younger Joseph Mazzello, and it allowed him to introduce the subplot of Lex's adolescent crush on Grant.[33] Koepp changed Grant's relationship with the children, making him hostile to them initially to allow for more character development.[9]

Two scenes from the book were ultimately excised. Spielberg removed the opening sequence with Procompsognathus attacking a young child as he found it too horrific.[34] For budgetary reasons Koepp cut the T. rex chasing Grant and the children down a river before being tranquilized by Muldoon. Both parts were included in film sequels.[30] Spielberg suggested adding the scene where the T. rex pursues a jeep, which at first only had the characters driving away after hearing the dinosaur's footsteps.[35]

### Casting

[edit]

William Hurt was initially offered the role of Alan Grant, but turned it down without reading the script.[36] Kurt Russell and Richard Dreyfuss were also considered for the role, but they were deemed too expensive.[37] Harrison Ford and Tim Robbins were also offered the role[38][39] before Sam Neill was cast three or four weeks before filming began. Neill said "it all happened real quick. I hadn't read the book, knew nothing about it, hadn't heard anything about it, and in a matter of weeks I'm working with Spielberg".[40] Janet Hirshenson, the film's casting director, felt Jeff Goldblum was right to play Ian Malcolm after reading the novel. Jim Carrey also auditioned for the role.[41] According to Hirshenson, Carrey "was terrific, too, but I think pretty quickly we all loved the idea of Jeff".[40]

Laura Dern was Spielberg's first choice for the role of Ellie Sattler,[40] but was not the only actress offered the part. Robin Wright and Juliette Binoche turned it down.[42][43] Stacy Haiduk,[44] Gwyneth Paltrow and Helen Hunt auditioned for the role.[45] Spielberg chose to cast Wayne Knight as Dennis Nedry after seeing his performance in Basic Instinct.[46][47]

Ariana Richards, who plays Lex Murphy, said: "I was called into a casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife on the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right".[40] Christina Ricci also auditioned for the role.[48] Joseph Mazzello had screen-tested for a role in Hook, but was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on a future film.[40] Richard Attenborough was cast as John Hammond, but was initially hesitant to join the project, which marked his first acting role in 14 years. He eventually signed on to play the role at the insistence of Spielberg, who told him, "I can't see anyone else playing it but you".[49]

Cameron Thor had worked with Spielberg on Hook, and auditioned for the role of Malcolm, before trying out for the role of Dodgson. In the film, Dodgson gives Nedry a container disguised as a can of shaving cream that is used to transport the embryos. Thor said: "It just said 'shaving-cream can' in the script, so I spent endless time in a drug store to find the most photogenic. I went with Barbasol, which ended up in the movie. I was so broke that I took the can home after the audition to use it".[50]

### Filming

[edit]

Replica of the first gen Ford Explorer XLTs featured in the film at Universal Studios Japan

After 25 months of pre-production, filming began on August 24, 1992, on the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi.[51] While the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica, the novel's settings, were considered as locations, Spielberg's concerns over infrastructure and accessibility made him choose a place he had already worked.[10] The three-week shoot involved various daytime exteriors for Isla Nublar's forests.[11] On September 11, Hurricane Iniki passed directly over Kauaʻi, costing a day of shooting.[52] Several of the storm scenes from the film are of actual footage shot during the hurricane. The scheduled shoot of the Gallimimus chase was moved to Kualoa Ranch on the island of Oahu. One of the early scenes had to be created by digitally animating a still shot of scenery.[22] The opening scene was shot in Haiku, on Maui,[53] with additional scenes filmed on the "forbidden island" of Niihau.[54] The exterior of the Visitor Center was a large façade constructed on the grounds of the Valley House Plantation Estate in Kauai.[55] Samuel L. Jackson was to film a lengthy death scene where his character is chased and killed by raptors, but the set was destroyed by Hurricane Iniki.[50]

By mid-September, the crew moved to California[15] to shoot the raptors in the kitchen at Stage 24 of the Universal studio lot.[11] Given the kitchen set was filled with reflective surfaces, cinematographer Dean Cundey had to carefully plan the illumination while also using black cloths to hide the light reflections.[23] The crew also shot the scenes involving the power supply on Stage 23 before going to Red Rock Canyon for the Montana dig scenes.[56] The crew returned to Universal to shoot Grant's rescue of Tim, using a 50-foot prop with hydraulic wheels for the car fall and the Brachiosaurus encounter. The crew filmed scenes for the Park's labs and control room, which used animations for the computers lent by Silicon Graphics and Apple.[57] Crichton's book has electric-powered Toyota Land Cruisers as the tour cars in Jurassic Park, but Spielberg made a deal with the Ford Motor Company, who provided seven first generation Ford Explorer XLTs.[58][59] ILM's crew and veteran customizer George Barris modified the Explorers to create the illusion that they are autonomous cars by hiding the driver in the car's trunk.[60] Barris also customized the Jeep Wranglers featured in the production.[61]

The crew moved to Warner Bros. Studios' Stage 16 to shoot the T. rex's attack on the LSX powered SUVs.[57] Shooting proved frustrating because when water soaked the animatronic dinosaur's foam rubber skin, it caused the T. rex to shake and quiver from the extra weight when the foam absorbed it. This forced Stan Winston's crew to dry the model with shammys between takes.[62] During the scene where the T. rex attack the SUV, the animatronic got close to the glass and it broke its tooth off.[63][64] On set, Malcolm distracting the dinosaur with a flare was included at Goldblum's suggestion. He felt a heroic action was better than going by the script, where like Gennaro, Malcolm was scared and ran away.[23] The ripples in the glass of water caused by the T. rex's footsteps were inspired by Spielberg listening to Earth, Wind and Fire in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure how to create the shot until the night before filming when he put a glass of water on a guitar he was playing, which achieved the concentric circles in the water Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were put inside the car and a man on the floor plucked them to achieve the effect.[65] Back at Universal, the crew filmed scenes with the Dilophosaurus on Stage 27. The shoot finished on Stage 12 with the climactic chases with the raptors in the Park's computer rooms and Visitor Center.[66] Spielberg changed the climax to bring back the T. rex, abandoning the original ending where Grant uses a platform machine to maneuver a raptor into a fossil tyrannosaur's jaws.[67] The scene, which already included the juxtaposition of live dinosaurs in a museum filled with fossils, while also destroying the bones, now had an ending where the T. rex saved the protagonists, and afterward made what Spielberg described as a "King Kong roar" while an ironic banner reading "When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" flew.[23] The film wrapped 12 days ahead of schedule on November 30,[68] and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to start filming Schindler's List.[69]

### Dinosaurs on screen

[edit]

Main article: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park

See also: Rexy and Velociraptors in Jurassic Park

The life-sized animatronic Tyrannosaurus rex on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.[70]

Despite the film title's referencing the Jurassic period, Brachiosaurus and Dilophosaurus are the only dinosaurs featured that lived during that time; the other species featured did not exist until the Cretaceous period.[71] This is acknowledged in the film during a scene where Dr. Grant describes the ferocity of the Velociraptor to a young boy, saying: "Try to imagine yourself in the Cretaceous period".[72]

* Alamosaurus appears as a skeleton in the Jurassic Park visitor center.[73]
* Brachiosaurus is the first dinosaur the park's visitors see. It is inaccurately depicted as chewing its food and standing up on its hind legs to browse among the high tree branches.[74] According to artist Andy Schoneberg, the chewing was done to make the animal seem docile, resembling a cow chewing its cud. The dinosaur's head and upper neck was the largest puppet without hydraulics built for the film.[75] Despite scientific evidence of their having limited vocal capabilities, sound designer Gary Rydstrom decided to represent them with whale songs and donkey calls to give them a melodic sense of wonder. Penguins were also recorded to be used in the noises of the dinosaurs.[74]
* Dilophosaurus was also very different from its real-life counterpart, made significantly smaller to ensure audiences did not confuse it with the raptors.[76] Its neck frill and its ability to spit venom are fictitious. Its vocal sounds were made by combining a swan, a hawk, a howler monkey, and a rattlesnake.[15] The animatronic model, nicknamed "Spitter" by Stan Winston's team, was animated by the puppeteers sitting on a trench in the set floor, using a paintball mechanism to spit the mixture of methyl cellulose and K-Y Jelly that served as venom.[77]
* Gallimimus are featured in a stampede scene in which the Tyrannosaurus eats one of them. The Gallimimus was the first dinosaur to be digitized, featured in two ILM tests, first as a herd of skeletons and then fully skinned while pursued by the T. rex.[15] Its design was based on ostriches, and to emphasize the birdlike qualities, the animation focused mostly on the herd rather than individual animals.[78] As reference for the dinosaurs' run, the animators were filmed running at the ILM parking lot, with plastic pipes standing in as the tree that the Gallimimus jump over.[79] The footage inspired the incorporation of an animal falling as one of the artists did trying to make the jump.[24] Horse squeals became the Gallimimus's sounds.[80]
* Parasaurolophus appear in the background during the first encounter with the Brachiosaurus.[81]
* Triceratops has an extended cameo, depicted as sick from eating a toxic plant. Its appearance was a logistical nightmare for Winston when Spielberg asked to shoot the animatronic of the sick creature earlier than expected.[82] The model, operated by eight puppeteers in the Kaua'i set, was the first dinosaur filmed during production.[10] Winston also created a baby Triceratops for Ariana Richards to ride, a scene cut from the film for pacing reasons.[83] Gary Rydstrom combined the sound of himself breathing into a cardboard tube with the cows near his workplace at Skywalker Ranch to create the Triceratops vocals.[80]
* Tyrannosaurus was acknowledged by Spielberg as "the star of the movie", and he rewrote the ending to feature the T. rex for fear of disappointing the audience.[15] Winston's animatronic T. rex stood 6.1 metres (20 ft), weighed 17,500 pounds (7,900 kg),[57] and was 12 metres (40 ft) long.[84] Jack Horner called it "the closest I've ever been to a live dinosaur".[84] While the consulting paleontologists did not agree on the dinosaur's movement, particularly its running capabilities, animator Steve Williams decided to "throw physics out the window and create a T. rex that moved at sixty miles per hour even though its hollow bones would have busted if it ran that fast".[85] The major reason was the T. rex chasing a Jeep, a scene that took two months to finish.[74] The dinosaur is depicted with a vision system based on movement, though later studies indicate the T. rex had binocular vision comparable to a bird of prey.[86] Its roar is a baby elephant's squeal combined with alligator and crocodile noises as well as a tiger's snarl and a lion's roar,[74][87][88] its grunts those of a male koala,[89] and its breath a whale's blow.[74] A dog attacking a rope toy was used for the sounds of the T. rex tearing a Gallimimus apart,[15] while cut sequoias crashing to the ground became the sound of its footsteps.[23]
* Velociraptor plays a major role in the film. The creature's depiction is ultimately not based on the actual dinosaur genus, which was also significantly smaller. Shortly before Jurassic Park's theatrical release,[90] the similar Utahraptor was discovered, although it proved even bigger than the film's raptors. This prompted Winston to joke, "We made it, then they discovered it".[84] For the attack on Muldoon and some parts of the kitchen scene, the raptors were played by men in suits.[66] Dolphin screams, walruses bellowing, geese hissing,[15] an African crane's mating call, tortoises mating, and human rasps were mixed to formulate various raptor sounds.[74][89][80] Following discoveries made after the film's release, most paleontologists theorize that dromaeosaurs like Velociraptor and Deinonychus were covered with feathers like modern birds. This feature is included in Jurassic Park III for the male raptors, which have a row of small quills on their heads.[91]

### Post-production

[edit]

The "Dinosaur Input Device" raptor used for the film

Special effects work continued on the film, with Tippett's unit adjusting to new technology with Dinosaur Input Devices:[92] models that fed information into computers to allow them to animate the characters like stop-motion puppets. In addition, they acted out scenes with the raptors and Gallimimus. As well as the computer-generated dinosaurs, ILM also created elements such as water splashing and digital face replacement for Ariana Richards's stunt double.[15] Compositing the dinosaurs onto the live action scenes took around an hour. Rendering the dinosaurs often took two to four hours per frame, and rendering the T. rex in the rain took six hours per frame.[93]

Spielberg monitored their progress from Poland during the filming of Schindler's List,[94] and had teleconferences four times a week with ILM's crew. He called working simultaneously on two vastly different productions "a bipolar experience", where he used "every ounce of intuition on Schindler's List and every ounce of craft on Jurassic Park".[79] Some of the software used to create dinosaurs and other visual effects was Pixar's RenderMan and Softimage 3D.[95][96] Industrial Light & Magic also used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models.[97]

Along with the digital effects, Spielberg wanted the film to be the first with digital sound. He funded the creation of DTS (Digital Theater Systems) to allow audiences to "really hear the movie the way it was intended to be heard".[79] The sound effects crew, supervised by George Lucas,[98] finished by the end of April.[74] Sound designer Gary Rydstrom considered it a fun process, given the film had all kinds of noise—animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes—and at times no music. During the process, Spielberg flew on weekends from Poland to Paris, where he met Rydstrom to see the sound progress.[79] Former ILM CG Animator Steve "Spaz" Williams said it took nearly a year for the shots that involved computer-generated dinosaurs to be completed.[99] Jurassic Park was completed on May 28, 1993.[74]

## Music

[edit]

Main article: Jurassic Park: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

John Williams began scoring the film at the end of February, and it was recorded a month later. Alexander Courage and John Neufeld provided the score's orchestrations.[74] As with Close Encounters of the Third Kind, another Spielberg film he scored, Williams felt he needed to write "pieces that would convey a sense of 'awe' and fascination", given that the film dealt with the "overwhelming happiness and excitement" of seeing live dinosaurs. More suspenseful scenes such as the Tyrannosaurus attack required frightening themes.[100] The first soundtrack album was released on May 25, 1993.[101] For the 20th anniversary of the film's release, a new soundtrack was issued for digital download on April 9, 2013, including four bonus tracks selected by Williams.[102]

## Marketing

[edit]

Universal took the lengthy pre-production period to carefully plan the Jurassic Park marketing campaign.[58] It cost $65 million and included deals with 100 companies to market 1,000 products.[103] These included: three Jurassic Park video games by Sega and Ocean Software;[104] a toy line by Kenner distributed by Hasbro;[105] McDonald's "Dino-Sized meals";[58] and a novelization for young children.[106]

The film's trailers provided only a fleeting glimpse of the dinosaurs,[107] a tactic journalist Josh Horowitz described as "that old Spielberg axiom of never revealing too much" after Spielberg and director Michael Bay did the same for their production of Transformers in 2007.[108] The film was marketed with the tagline "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick.[109]

## Release

[edit]

### Theatrical

[edit]

Jurassic Park premiered at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C. on June 9, 1993,[110][111] in support of two children's charities.[112] The film had previews on 1,412 screens starting at 9:30 pm EDT on Thursday, June 10, and officially opened on Friday in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens.[113][114][115] Following the film's release, a traveling exhibition called "The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props.[116] The film began its international release on June 25, in Brazil before further openings in South America and then rolling out around most of the rest of the world from July 16 until October.[117] The United Kingdom premiere helped save the Lyric Theatre in Carmarthen, Wales from closure, an event chronicled in the 2022 film Save the Cinema.[118]

#### Re-releases

[edit]

In anticipation of the Blu-ray release, Jurassic Park had a digital print released in UK cinemas on September 23, 2011.[119] It wound up grossing £245,422 ($786,021) from 276 theaters, finishing at eleventh on the weekend box office list.[120]

Poster for the 2013 3D re-release

Two years later, on the 20th anniversary of Jurassic Park, a 3D version of the film was released in cinemas.[121] Spielberg declared that he had produced the film with a sort of "subconscious 3D", as scenes feature animals walking toward the cameras and some effects of foreground and background overlay.[122] In 2011, he stated in an interview that Jurassic Park was the only one of his works he had considered for a conversion.[123] Once he saw the 3D version of Titanic in 2012, he liked the new look of the film so much that he hired the same retrofitting company, Stereo D. Spielberg and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński closely supervised the nine-month process in-between the production of Lincoln.[122][124] Stereo D executive Aaron Parry said the conversion was an evolution of what the company had done with Titanic, "being able to capitalize on everything we learned with Jim [James Cameron] on Titanic and take it into a different genre and movie, and one with so many technical achievements". The studio had the help of ILM, which contributed some elements and updated effects shots for a better visual enhancement.[125] It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013,[126] with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months.[127] In 2018, the film was re-released in select theaters to celebrate its 25th anniversary.[128][129][130] On August 25, 2023, the 3D version of the film was re-released in theaters to celebrate its 30th anniversary.[131]

### Home media

[edit]

Jurassic Park was first officially released on VHS by CIC Video on October 3, 1994, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it had an exclusive seven-week rental window before going on sale on November 21.[132] In the rest of the world, it was officially released on VHS and LaserDisc on October 4, 1994 (by MCA/Universal Home Video in the United States).[133] Despite the official release date, most US retailers decided not to wait that long and were selling it by 1 October.[134] With 17 million units sold,[135] Jurassic Park is the fifth-best-selling VHS tape ever.[136] Three years later, a THX certified Widescreen VHS was released on September 9, 1997.[137][138]

The film was also first released as a Collector's Edition DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and Full Screen (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel The Lost World: Jurassic Park and both movies' soundtrack albums.[139][140] It was the 13th-best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both versions, finishing the year with 910,000 units sold.[141] Following the release of Jurassic Park III, a new box set with all the films called Jurassic Park Trilogy was released on December 11, 2001.[142] It was repackaged as Jurassic Park Adventure Pack on November 29, 2005.[143]

The trilogy was released on Blu-ray on October 25, 2011,[144] debuting at number five on the Blu-ray charts,[145] and nominated as the best release of the year by both the Las Vegas Film Critics Society[146] and the Saturn Awards.[147] In 2012, Jurassic Park was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio's 100th anniversary,[148] while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an augmented reality cover.[149] The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D.[150]

The film, alongside The Lost World, Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World, was released as part of a 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film's 25th anniversary.[151]

#### Television premiere

[edit]

Jurassic Park was broadcast on television for the first time on NBC on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of The Making of Jurassic Park.[152] Some 68.12 million people tuned in, garnering NBC a 36 percent share of all available viewers that night. Jurassic Park was the highest-rated theatrical film broadcast on television by any network since the April 1987 airing of Trading Places.[153] In June–July 1995, the film aired a number of times on the Turner Network Television (TNT) network.[153]

## Reception

[edit]

### Box office

[edit]

Jurassic Park became the highest-grossing film released worldwide up to that time, replacing Spielberg's own E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982).[154] It grossed $3.1 million from Thursday night screenings in the United States and Canada on June 10, and $50.1 million in its first weekend from 2,404 theaters, breaking the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns the year before.[114] The film would hold that record for two years until 1995 when Batman Forever took it.[155] Upon opening, it became the first film to generate $50 million in a single weekend.[156] By the end of its first week, Jurassic Park had grossed a record $81.7 million.[157] It grossed $100 million in a record nine days[158] and remained at number one for three weeks. It eventually grossed $357 million in the U.S. and Canada, ranking second of all-time behind E.T.[159][160] Box Office Mojo estimates the film sold over 86.2 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[161]

The film also did very well in international markets and was the first to gross $500 million overseas, surpassing the record $280 million overseas gross of E.T.[162][163] In its first international release date in Brazil, it also set an opening weekend record with a gross of $1,738,198 from 141 screens.[158] It went on to break further opening records around the world including in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, Italy, Denmark, South Africa and France.[164][165][166][167] In Japan, Jurassic Park grossed $8.4 million from 237 screens in two days (including previews).[164] In the United Kingdom, it also beat the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns with a gross of £4.875 million ($7.4 million) from 434 screens, including a record £443,000 from Thursday night previews, and also beat Terminator 2: Judgment Day's opening week record, with £9.2 million.[164][168][169][170] The film held the UK record until it was beaten by Independence Day in 1996.[171] After 12 days of grossing over £1 million a day, the film was the eighth highest-grossing film of all time in the UK[172] and after just three weeks, it became the highest-grossing, surpassing Ghost, eventually doubling the record with a gross of £47.9 million.[173][174] It spent a record eight consecutive weekends at the top of the UK box office.[175] Jurassic Park would remain as Europe's box office leader before being surpassed by Aladdin.[176] In Australia, the film had the widest release ever and was the first film to open with a one-day gross of more than A$1 million, grossing A$5,447,000 (US$3.6 million) in its first four days from 192 screens beating the opening record of Terminator 2 and also beating the weekly record set by The Bodyguard with a gross of A$6.8 million.[177][178][165] In the same weekend, it also set an opening record in Germany with a gross of DM 16.8 million ($10.5 million) from 644 screens.[165][177] In Italy, it also had the widest release ever in 344 theaters and grossed a record Lire 9.5 billion ($6.1 million).[166] After 115 days of release, it surpassed E.T. as the highest-grossing film worldwide of all time.[179] It eventually opened in France on October 20, 1993, and grossed a record 75 million F ($13 million) in its opening week from over 515 screens.[180][167] Its first week admissions in France of almost 2.3 million surpassed the previous record set by Rambo: First Blood Part II in 1985.[181]

The film set all-time records in, among others, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan (in US Dollars), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.[117][182][183][163][184][185] Ultimately the film grossed $914 million worldwide in its initial release,[5] with Spielberg reportedly earning over $250 million from the film, the most a director or actor had earned from one film at the time.[186][117] Its record gross was surpassed in 1998 by Titanic, the first film to gross over $1 billion.[187]

The 3D re-release of Jurassic Park in April 2013 opened at fourth place at the US box office, with $18.6 million from 2,771 locations. IMAX showings accounted for over $6 million, with the 32 percent being the highest IMAX share ever for a nationwide release.[188] The international release had its most successful weekend in the last week of August, when it managed to climb to the top of the overseas box office with a $28.8 million debut in China.[189] The reissue earned $45.4 million in the United States and Canada and $44.5 million internationally as of August 2013[update],[190] leading to a lifetime gross of $402.5 million in the United States and Canada and $628.7 million overseas, for a worldwide gross of $1.029 billion, making Jurassic Park the 17th film to surpass the $1 billion mark.[191] It was the only Universal Pictures film to surpass the $1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, Furious 7, Minions, and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, Jurassic World.[192] The film earned an additional $374,238 in 2018 for its 25th anniversary re-release.[193] In June 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Jurassic Park returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins). It grossed $517,600, finishing in first for the fourth time in its history. It became the first time a re-issue topped the box office since The Lion King in September 2011.[194] It currently ranks as the 37th highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. and Canada (not adjusted for inflation) and the 44th highest-grossing film of all time.[2]

### Critical response

[edit]

Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively reported an approval rating of 92% based on 142 reviews, with an average rating of 8.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Jurassic Park is a spectacle of special effects and lifelike animatronics, with some of Spielberg's best sequences of sustained awe and sheer terror since Jaws".[195] Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[196] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[197]

Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "a true movie milestone, presenting awe- and fear-inspiring sights never before seen on the screen [...] On paper, this story is tailor-made for Mr. Spielberg's talents [but] [i]t becomes less crisp on screen than it was on the page, with much of the enjoyable jargon either mumbled confusingly or otherwise thrown away".[198] In Rolling Stone, Peter Travers called the film "colossal entertainment—the eye-popping, mind-bending, kick-out-the-jams thrill ride of summer and probably the year [...] Compared with the dinos, the characters are dry bones, indeed. Crichton and co-screenwriter David Koepp have flattened them into nonentities on the trip from page to screen".[199] Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four: "The movie delivers all too well on its promise to show us dinosaurs. We see them early and often, and they are indeed a triumph of special effects artistry, but the movie is lacking other qualities that it needs even more, such as a sense of awe and wonderment, and strong human story values".[200] Henry Sheehan of Sight & Sound argued: "The complaints over Jurassic Park's lack of story and character sound a little off the point", pointing out the story arc of Grant learning to protect Hammond's grandchildren despite his initial dislike of them.[32] Empire magazine gave the film five stars, calling it "quite simply one of the greatest blockbusters of all time".[201]

### Accolades

[edit]

In March 1994, Jurassic Park won all three Academy Awards for which it was nominated: Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects (at the same ceremony, Spielberg, editor Michael Kahn, and composer John Williams won Academy Awards for Schindler's List).[202] The film won honors outside the U.S. including the 1994 BAFTA for Best Special Effects, as well as the Award for the Public's Favorite Film.[203] It won the 1994 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation,[204] and the 1993 Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction, Best Writing for Crichton and Koepp and Best Special Effects.[205] The film won the 1993 People's Choice Awards for Favorite All-Around Motion Picture.[206] Young Artist Awards were given to Ariana Richards and Joseph Mazzello, with the film winning an Outstanding Action/Adventure Family Motion Picture award.[207] In 2001, the American Film Institute ranked Jurassic Park as the 35th most thrilling film of American cinema.[208] The film is included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die,[209] film lists by Empire magazine,[210] and The Guardian.[211]

Year | Award | Category | Nominees | Result

|
|
|
|

1993  | Bambi Awards[212] | International Film  | Jurassic Park | Won
1994  | 66th Academy Awards[213] | Best Sound Effects Editing | Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns | Won
Best Sound | Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins | Won
Best Visual Effects | Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri | Won
Saturn Awards[205] | Best Director  | Steven Spielberg | Won
Best Science Fiction Film  | Jurassic Park | Won
Best Special Effects  | Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri  | Won
Best Writing  | Michael Crichton and David Koepp | Won
Best Actress  | Laura Dern | Nominated
Best Supporting Actor  | Jeff Goldblum | Nominated
Wayne Knight | Nominated
Best Performance by a Young Actor  | Joseph Mazzello | Nominated
Ariana Richards | Nominated
Best Music  | John Williams | Nominated
Best Costumes  |  | Nominated
Awards of the Japanese Academy[214] | Best Foreign Film | Jurassic Park | Won
BAFTA Awards[215] | Best Special Effects  | Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri  | Won
Best Sound  | Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins  | Nominated
BMI Film Music Award[216] | BMI Film Music Award  | John Williams  | Won
Blue Ribbon Awards[217] | Best Foreign Language Film  | Steven Spielberg  | Won
Bram Stoker Award[218] | Screenplay  | Michael Crichton and David Koepp  | Nominated
Cinema Audio Society[219] | Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Feature Film  | Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins  | Nominated
Czech Lions[220] | Best Foreign Language Film  | Steven Spielberg  | Won
Grammy Awards[221] | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television  | John Williams  | Nominated
MTV Movie Awards[222] | Best Action Sequence  |  | Nominated
Best Movie  | Jurassic Park | Nominated
Best Villain  | T. rex | Nominated
Mainichi Film Concours[223] | Best Foreign Language Film (Fan Choice)  | Steven Spielberg  | Won
Motion Picture Sound Editors[224] | Best Sound Editing  |  | Won
People's Choice Awards[225] | Favorite Motion Picture  | Jurassic Park | Won
Young Artist Awards[226] | Best Youth Actor Co-Starring in a Motion Picture Drama  | Joseph Mazzello  | Won
Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Drama  | Ariana Richards  | Won
Outstanding Family Motion Picture – Action/Adventure  | Jurassic Park | Won
Hugo Awards[227] | Best Dramatic Presentation  | Jurassic Park | Won

## Legacy

[edit]

The Jurassic Park Discovery Center at Islands of Adventure Pre-production stop-motion diorama by Tippett Studio, displayed at the National Museum of Cinema of Turin, Italy

Over the years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres. The movie is also an example of a techno-thriller.[228] The American Film Institute named Jurassic Park the 35th-most thrilling film of all time on June 13, 2001.[229] In 2004, Empire magazine judged Jurassic Park the sixth-most influential film in the magazine's lifetime.[230] Empire called the first encounter with a Brachiosaurus the 28th-most magical moment in cinema.[231] In 2008, an Empire poll of readers, filmmakers, and critics also rated it one of the 500 greatest films of all time.[232] On Film Review's 55th anniversary in 2005, it declared the film to be one of the five most important in the magazine's lifetime.[233] In 2006, IGN ranked Jurassic Park as the 19th-greatest film franchise ever.[234] In a 2010 poll, the readers of Entertainment Weekly rated it the greatest summer movie of the previous 20 years.[235] In 2014, it was ranked as one of the 50 greatest films of all time in an extensive poll undertaken by The Hollywood Reporter, which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm and production house in the Hollywood region.[236]

The movie's popularity led the management of the National Basketball Association expansion franchise founded in Toronto in 1995 to adopt the name Raptors.[237] In addition, during the team's playoff games, fans watch the game on a large television in a fan area outside the arena that has been nicknamed Jurassic Park.[238] The film has been said to have given rise to a Jurassic Park generation, young people inspired to become paleontologists, and to a surge in discoveries about dinosaurs.[239]

Jurassic Park's biggest influence on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery.[240][241][242] The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects.[243][244][245] Film historian Tom Shone said of the film's innovation and influence, "in its way, Jurassic Park heralded a revolution in movies as profound as the coming of sound in 1927".[246][247] Many filmmakers saw Jurassic Park's effects as a realization that many of their visions, previously thought unfeasible or too expensive, were now possible.[230] ILM owner George Lucas, realizing the success of creating realistic live dinosaurs by his own company, started to make the Star Wars prequels;[248] Stanley Kubrick decided to invest in pet project A.I. Artificial Intelligence, which he later got Spielberg to direct;[230] and Peter Jackson began to re-explore his childhood love of fantasy films, a path that led him to The Lord of the Rings and King Kong.[249] Jurassic Park also inspired films and documentaries with dinosaurs such as the American adaptation of Godzilla, Dinosaur from the Deep, Carnosaur (in which Laura Dern's mother Diane Ladd starred), Dinosaur Island and Walking with Dinosaurs.[230] Stan Winston, enthusiastic about the new technology pioneered by the film, joined with IBM and director James Cameron to form a new special effects company, Digital Domain.[250] In 2018, Jurassic Park was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[251][252][253]

It also started a trend of dubbing US films into Hindi for the Indian market and was the highest-grossing US film in India at the time with a gross of $3 million.[254]

## Future

[edit]

Further information: Jurassic Park

After the film's enormous success, Spielberg asked Crichton to write a sequel novel, leading to the 1995 book The Lost World.[255] This, in turn, was adapted as the film The Lost World: Jurassic Park. Released in 1997, it was directed by Spielberg and written by Koepp.[256] Another film, Jurassic Park III, was released in 2001, under the direction of Joe Johnston, with Spielberg as executive producer. It featured an original script that incorporated unused elements from Crichton's original Jurassic Park.[257] A fourth installment, Jurassic World, was released in theaters in 2015. Spielberg again produced, with Colin Trevorrow directing a script he wrote with Derek Connolly.[258] Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, the fifth film in the franchise, was released in 2018, with Spielberg as producer once more and J. A. Bayona as director.[259] A sixth film, Jurassic World Dominion, was directed by Trevorrow and released in theaters in 2022.[260] A seventh film, Jurassic World Rebirth will be released in 2025 with Gareth Edwards as director.[261]

The story of the film was continued in auxiliary media, at times even unattached to the film sequels themselves. These included a series of Jurassic Park comic books written by Steve Englehart for Topps Comics,[262] and video games such as Ocean Software's Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues (1994), Vivendi's Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis (2003) and Telltale Games' Jurassic Park: The Game (2011).[104]

All of the Universal Destinations & Experiences include a Jurassic Park-themed ride. The first was Jurassic Park: The Ride at Universal Studios Hollywood on June 15, 1996, built after six years of development at a cost of $110 million.[263] This attraction was replicated by Universal Studios Japan in 2001.[264] Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, has an entire section of the park dedicated to Jurassic Park that includes the main ride, christened "Jurassic Park River Adventure", and many smaller rides and attractions based on the series.[265][266] At Universal Studios Singapore, opened in 2010, the Themed Zone named "The Lost World" consists mostly of Jurassic Park rides, such as the roller coaster Canopy Flyer and the river rapids Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure.[267]

## See also

[edit]

* List of films featuring dinosaurs
* Survival film
* Mundane science fiction

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Jurassic Park (1993)". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
2. ^ a b "Jurassic Park". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
3. ^ "Jurassic Park". The Numbers. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
4. ^ "Jurassic Park (1993) - Steven Spielberg | Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related". AllMovie. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
5. ^ a b "The Box Office Legacy Of 'Jurassic Park,' 20 Years Later". Forbes. April 5, 2013.
6. ^ "It's a Titanic hit". The Tampa Tribune. February 25, 1998. p. 37\. Archived from the original on August 22, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022 - via Newspapers.com.
7. ^ Jurassic Park at Rotten Tomatoes
8. ^ Crichton, Michael (2001). Michael Crichton on the Jurassic Park Phenomenon (DVD). Universal.
9. ^ a b c d McBride 1997, p. 416–9.
10. ^ a b c d "Return to Jurassic Park: Dawn of a New Era". Jurassic Park (Blu-ray ed.). 2011.
11. ^ a b c DVD Production Notes
12. ^ Frost, Caroline (September 11, 2012). "Titanic Director James Cameron Reveals He Wanted 'Jurassic Park', But Steven Spielberg Beat Him To It". Huffington Post. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
13. ^ McBride 1997, p. 418.
14. ^ Mottram, James (2021). Jurassic Park: The Ultimate Visual History. Insight Editions. p. 17\. ISBN 978-1683835455.
15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jones, James Earl (Host) (1995). The Making of Jurassic Park (VHS). Universal.
16. ^ "Return to Jurassic Park: Dawn of a New Era", Jurassic Park Blu-ray (2011)
17. ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 15.
18. ^ Ryfle 1998, p. 17.
19. ^ Epstein, Sonia (June 14, 2016). "Science on Screen: Interview with Jack Horner, Jurassic World". Sloan Science & Film. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
20. ^ French, Lawrence. "Jurassic Park: Dinosaur Movements". Cinefantastique. Vol. 24, no. 2\. p. 9.
21. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 49.
22. ^ a b Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 134–5.
23. ^ a b c d e "Return to Jurassic Park: Making Prehistory". Jurassic Park (Blu-ray ed.). 2011.
24. ^ a b Failes, Ian (April 4, 2013). "Welcome (back) to Jurassic Park". FX Guide. Archived from the original on December 9, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
25. ^ Caron, C. (June 20, 2018). "The Hidden History of the Jurassic Park Logo". TIFF. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
26. ^ Appelo, Tim (December 7, 1990). "Leaping Lizards". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
27. ^ Biodrowski, Steve. "JURASSIC PARK: Michael Crichton on Adapting his Novel to the Screen Archived November 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine". Cinefantastique Magazine, August 1993 (Vol. 24, No.2), pg. 12
28. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 39–42.
29. ^ McGilligan, Patrick (2010). Backstory 5: Interviews with Screenwriters of the 1990s. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25105-2.
30. ^ a b Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 55–6.
31. ^ Biskind, Peter (May 1997). "A World Apart". Premiere.
32. ^ a b McBride 1997, p. 421–422.
33. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 70.
34. ^ "A Tale Of Two 'Jurassics'". Entertainment Weekly. June 18, 1993. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
35. ^ "David Koepp: Writer's block". The A.V. Club. September 8, 1999. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
36. ^ "Answers to all that jazz about 'Jurassic'". The San Bernardino Sun. June 19, 1993. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
37. ^ "Some Of The Greatest Actors Of All Time Turned Down Jurassic Park". /Film. June 14, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
38. ^ Clark, Noelene (September 16, 2011). "Harrison Ford on an 'Indy' sequel, turning down 'Jurassic Park'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
39. ^ VRIES, HILARY (June 13, 1993). "Breakthrough? Who, Me?: Actor Sam Neill pushes into the mainstream with major roles in 'Jurassic Park' and 'The Piano,' but he says it's the long haul that really counts". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
40. ^ a b c d e Stack, Tim; Staskiewicz, Keith (April 4, 2013). "Welcome to Jurassic Park: An oral history". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 24, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
41. ^ "Jurassic Park at 30: Jim Carrey Auditioned for Malcolm & More Casting Secrets Revealed". SYFY Official Site. June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
42. ^ "Robin Wright Penn Writes Off Blockbuster Roles". Star-News. July 13, 1997. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
43. ^ "Juliette Binoche: Martin Scorsese has 'feminine side... He doesn't explore' in his movies". Entertainment Weekly.
44. ^ "Stacy Haiduk Describes Meeting Steven Spielberg And Nearly Being Cast In The First "Jurassic Park"". YouTube. November 10, 2019.
45. ^ "The Huge Role They Almost Got". April 2, 2013. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
46. ^ Sears, Rufus (October 12, 2014). "How Jurassic Park Became The Biggest Movie Of All Time". Empire. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
47. ^ Harris, Will (July 25, 2012). "Wayne Knight talks about The Exes, Newman, and working in the mud for Jurassic Park". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
48. ^ Schuldt, Scott (May 26, 1995). "Star Lives Up to Her Precocious Image". The Oklahoman. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
49. ^ Thomas, Bob (January 27, 1994). "His Fame is Likelier to Rest on 'Jurassic Park' than 'Gandhi'". Greensboro News and Record. Associated Press. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
50. ^ a b de Semlyen, Nick (September 2013). "Jurassic Park 20th Anniversary: When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" (PDF). Empire. p. 5\. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
51. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 65 and 67.
52. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 86.
53. ^ Harden, MJ (February 18, 2014). "NBC Features Rappel Maui on 1st Look with Audrina Patridge". Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
54. ^ Olsen, Eric P. (February 18, 2003). "Hawaii Plantsman Confounds Greenies; Keith Robinson has a green thumb with endangered plants and a belief that the 'green' tactics used by the environmental establishment are a total waste of time". Inisght on the News blog. CBS Interactive Business Network. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
55. ^ "Jurassic Park filming locations". Archived from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
56. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 91–92.
57. ^ a b c Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 95–105.
58. ^ a b c Shone 2004, p. 219.
59. ^ "All The Right Movies". New York. November 29, 1993. p. 20\. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
60. ^ Barris, George; Fetherston, David (1996). Barris TV and Movie Cars. MotorBooks International. p. 41\. ISBN 1-61060-818-6.
61. ^ Udel, James C. (2013). The Film Crew of Hollywood: Profiles of Grips, Cinematographers, Designers, a Gaffer, a Stuntman and a Makeup. McFarland & Company. p. 174\. ISBN 978-0-7864-6484-5.
62. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 110–1.
63. ^ "'Jurassic Park' turns 25: Behind-the-scenes moments you may not have known about the iconic summer thriller". ABC News.
64. ^ "Jurassic Park: Hurricanes, T-Rex Bloopers and Other Hilarious Revelations About the Original Movie". April 24, 2020.
65. ^ "The 200 things that rocked our world". Empire. February 2006. p. 131.
66. ^ a b Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 113–114.
67. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 118.
68. ^ Archerd, Army (December 1, 1992). "Spielberg parks 'Jurassic' under sked, budget". Variety. Archived from the original on July 9, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2007.
69. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 126.
70. ^ "Jurassic Park's T-Rex – Sculpting a Full-Size Dinosaur". Stan Winston School of Character Arts. December 15, 2012. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
71. ^ Gould, Stephen (August 12, 1993). "Dinomania". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
72. ^ Guzman, Rafer (April 4, 2013). "Movies: Dino-mite! Back to Jurassic Park, in 3-D". Portland Press Herald. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
73. ^ Black, Riley (March 25, 2009). "See Tyrannosaurus Take a Bite out of Alamosaurus". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on June 7, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
74. ^ a b c d e f g h i Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 144–6.
75. ^ "Jurassic Park's Brachiosaurus Animatronic Puppet Rehearsal". Stan Winston School of Character Arts. January 23, 2013. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
76. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 36.
77. ^ "Jurassic Park's Spitter – Building the animatronic Dilophosaurus dinosaur puppet". Stan Winston School of Character Arts. April 5, 2013. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
78. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 135.
79. ^ a b c d "Return to Jurassic Park: The Next Step in Evolution", Jurassic Park Blu-ray (2011)
80. ^ a b c Buchanan, Kyle (September 4, 2013). "You'll Never Guess How the Dinosaur Sounds in Jurassic Park Were Made". Vulture. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
81. ^ Nelson, Ray (November 1996). "Jurassic Park". Popular Science. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
82. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 83.
83. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 64.
84. ^ a b c Corliss, Richard (April 26, 1993). "Behind the Magic of Jurassic Park". Time. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
85. ^ Shone 2004, p. 217.
86. ^ Jaffe, Eric (June 28, 2006). "Sight for 'saur eyes: T. rex vision was among nature's best". Science News. Archived from the original on December 14, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
87. ^ "How They Designed The T-Rex Roar in 'Jurassic Park'". Film School Rejects. December 16, 2020.
88. ^ "How Jurassic Park Created the T-Rex Roar". CBR.com. May 5, 2022.
89. ^ a b "Why does Hollywood get animals so wrong? And why does it often involve a kookaburra?". ABC News. March 12, 2022. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
90. ^ "What Do We Really Know About Utahraptor? | Dinosaur Tracking". Smithsonian Magazine. Vol. 21, no. sup003. August 22, 2001. pp. 1–117. doi:10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 220414868. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
91. ^ G. S. Paul (2002). Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
92. ^ Knep, Brian; Hayes, Craig; Sayre, Rick; Williams, Tom (1995). "Dinosaur Input Device". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 304–309. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008.
93. ^ Peterson, John; Williams, Steve; Letteri, Joe (1994). "Jurassic Park – The Illusion of Life". Silicon Valley ACM Siggraph. p. 1\. Archived from the original on October 11, 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
94. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 138.
95. ^ "Pixar's RenderMan a true lasting effect". The Hollywood Reporter. August 11, 2008. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
96. ^ "The long and lonely death of Softimage". Digital Arts. Archived from the original on June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
97. ^ "Viewpaint: ILM's secret weapon on Jurassic Park". vfxblog.com. May 23, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
98. ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 123.
99. ^ "How 4 Minutes Of CGI Dinosaurs In 'Jurassic Park' Took A Year To Make". Insider. November 27, 2014.
100. ^ Siegel, Robert (February 20, 2012). "The Making of Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park". Blu-Ray.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
101. ^ "Jurassic Park (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". AllMusic. Archived from the original on June 8, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2007.
102. ^ "Remastered Jurassic Park Soundtrack Includes 4 Unreleased John Williams Tracks" (Press release). Universal Music Enterprises. March 26, 2013. Archived from the original on April 5, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
103. ^ Broeske, Pat H. (March 12, 1993). "The Beastmaster". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 15, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
104. ^ a b Meikleham, Dave (June 11, 2013). "Twenty years on after Jurassic Park's release, a look back at the video games inspired by the dinosaur franchise". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
105. ^ Wasko, Janet (1995). Hollywood in the Information Age: Beyond the Silver Screen. University of Texas Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-292-79094-0. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
106. ^ Herman, Gail; Crichton, Michael; Koepp, David (1993). Jurassic Park. Grosset & Dunlap. p. 88. ISBN 0-448-40172-X.
107. ^ Sauter, Michael (June 4, 1993). "Trailer Park". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
108. ^ Horowitz, Josh (February 15, 2007). "Michael Bay Divulges 'Transformers' Details – And Word Of 'Bad Boys III'". MTV. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Retrieved February 15, 2007.
109. ^ Steven Spielberg directs Jurassic Park. Jurassic Park DVD: Universal Pictures. 2001.
110. ^ "Three Big Movies at the Uptown Theater". Ghosts of DC. August 14, 2012. Archived from the original on August 17, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
111. ^ August, Lissa (May 21, 1993). "Beltway Barbra". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
112. ^ "The Stars Rain Down On Washington". Entertainment Weekly. June 11, 1993. Archived from the original on July 26, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
113. ^ Klady, Leonard (June 21, 1993). "Dinosaurs fone home". Variety. p. 3.
114. ^ a b Fox, David J. (June 15, 1993). "Weekend Box Office: Universal's Monster Smash". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
115. ^ Shone 2004, p. 224.
116. ^ Klein, Julia M. (October 31, 1995). "Dino Dominion". The Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. C1, C7. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021 - via Newspapers.com.
117. ^ a b c Klady, Leonard (October 4, 1993). "Billion-Dollar dinos' merchandising mania". Variety. p. 11.
118. ^ Scoutfield, Aled (January 14, 2022). "Save the Cinema: How Jurassic Park helped Carmarthen theatre". BBC News. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
119. ^ White, James (August 26, 2011). "Jurassic Park Is Back on the Big Screen". Empire. Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
120. ^ "UK Box Office: 23- 25 September 2011". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
121. ^ "Release Dates for Kick-Ass 2, 47 Ronin, Jurassic Park 3D, R.I.P.D., Identity Thief, 2 Guns and About Time". Collider. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
122. ^ a b Alexander, Bryan (April 3, 2013). "20 years later, 'Jurassic Park' reopens in 3-D". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
123. ^ Rosen, Christopher (December 20, 2011). "Steven Spielberg on 'Tintin', Andy Serkis's Oscar Bona Fides and 'Jurassic Park 3D'". Moviefone. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
124. ^ Chitwood, Adam (December 3, 2011). "Producer Kathleen Kennedy Talks JURASSIC PARK 4, a 3D Re-Release for Jurassic Park, and the Tintin Sequel". Collider. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
125. ^ Kaufman, Debra (April 18, 2013). "Jurassic Park 3D: A New Dimension for a Modern Classic". Creative COW Magazine. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
126. ^ Loria, Daniel (April 7, 2013). "Global: 'Oz' Reaches $450M; 'G.I. Joe' Holds With $40.2M Weekend; 'Croods' Posts $34.1M Weekend". Box Office Media. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
127. ^ Subers, Ray (April 9, 2013). "Around-the-World: 'G.I. Joe' Nears Predecessor, 'Croods' Passes $200M". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
128. ^ Bui, Hoai-Tran (August 16, 2018). "'Jurassic Park' Stomps Back into Theaters for Three Days This Fall". /Film. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
129. ^ "Jurassic Park Returns to Theaters This Fall for 3 Days Only". MovieWeb. August 16, 2018.
130. ^ "Jurassic Park returning to theaters for 25th anniversary in September". Entertainment Weekly. August 16, 2018.
131. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 11, 2023). "'Jurassic Park' 30th Anniversary Re-Release Scheduled This Month From RealD & Universal". Deadline. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
132. ^ "Jurassic spark to light up UK rental". Screen International. June 10, 1994. p. 31.
133. ^ "'Jurassic' rumbles to vid in October". Variety. March 22, 1994. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2007.
134. ^ Goldstein, Seth; Fitzpatrick, Eileen (October 15, 1994). "'Jurassic' Sparks Dino-Sized Controversy" (PDF). Billboard. p. 5. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
135. ^ Hettrick, Scott (April 25, 2000). "Spielberg classics swim up to DVD". Variety. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2007.
136. ^ "Challenge of Selling a Hit Film to TV Viewers: Television: NBC's promotional dilemma is how to generate interest in the 2-year-old 'Jurassic Park', which is the highest-grossing motion picture in history". Los Angeles Times. May 6, 1995. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
137. ^ McKay, John (September 6, 1997). "More videos present movies in original widescreen images". The Canadian Press. Brantford Expositor. p. 36\. Archived from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2023 - via Newspapers.com.
138. ^ "Jurassic Park db » DVD / Video release". Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
139. ^ Hettrick, Scott (June 14, 2000). "U Home Video preps 'Jurrassic' DVD launch". Variety. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
140. ^ "Universal Studios Home Video Announces First Time DVD Releases Of Jurassic Park and The Lost World". PR Newswire. Cision. June 13, 2000. Archived from the original on August 29, 2000. Retrieved June 18, 2019 - via Yahoo.com.
141. ^ "Year End 2000 Top DVD sellers". Variety. December 30, 2000. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
142. ^ "Jurassic Park Trilogy". IGN. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
143. ^ IGN DVD (November 17, 2005). "Jurassic Park Adventure Pack". IGN. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
144. ^ Chitwood, Adam (June 27, 2011). "JURASSIC PARK Trilogy Hits Blu-ray October 25th, Trailer Released". Collider. Archived from the original on July 31, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
145. ^ Arnold, Thomas K. (November 2, 2011). "'Captain America' Overtakes 'Pirates of the Caribbean' for No. 1 on DVD Charts". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2013.+1+on+DVD+Charts&rft.date=2011-11-02&rft.au=Arnold,+Thomas+K.&rft_id=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/captain-america-pirates-of-the-caribbean-dvd-charts-256790&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jurassic+Park+(film)" class="Z3988">
146. ^ Knegt, Peter (December 13, 2011). ""The Artist", Winding Refn Win at Las Vegas Critics Awards". IndieWire. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
147. ^ Goldberg, Matt (February 29, 2012). "Saturn Award Nominations Announced; Hugo and Harry Potter Lead with 10 Nominations Each". Collider. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
148. ^ Chitwood, Adam (February 29, 2012). "Universal Announces Fantastic 25-Film 100th Anniversary Blu-ray Collection". Collider. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
149. ^ "Universal Pictures partner with Aurasma to celebrate 100th Anniversary: Watch the movies come to life in a brand new way" (Press release). Aurasma. November 20, 2012. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
150. ^ Lawler, Richard (January 27, 2013). "Jurassic Park 3D Blu-ray comes home April 23rd after its one-week theatrical return". Engadget. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
151. ^ Jurassic Park Collection 4K Blu-ray, archived from the original on March 19, 2018, retrieved March 18, 2018
152. ^ Mink, Eric (April 25, 1995). "'Making of Jurassic Park' Really Dino-mite". Daily News. New York. Retrieved February 26, 2013.[dead link]
153. ^ a b Huff, Richard (May 10, 1995). "Ratings: 'Jurassic' Parks NBC Right At the Top of the Nielsens". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2011. Retrieved February 26, 2013.[dead link]
154. ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 21, 1994). "Hollywood Scores Big". Entertainment Weekly. No. 206\. pp. 32–33. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
155. ^ "'Batman' Takes a Bite Out of 'Jurassic' Record: Movies: Third Bat film soars to an estimated opening weekend gross of $53 million. 'Pocahontas' makes a staggering $2.7 million in just six--albeit large--theaters". Los Angeles Times. June 19, 1995.
156. ^ "How Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Compares to Classic Jurassic Park". June 18, 2019.
157. ^ Corliss, Richard (June 28, 1993). "Hollywood's Summer: Just Kidding". Time. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
158. ^ a b "Prehistoric records". Screen International. July 9, 1993. p. 24.
159. ^ Fox, David J. (January 3, 1994). "THE YEAR IN MOVIES: '93 a Record-Smasher at the Box Office". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 24, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
160. ^ "Jurassic Park (1993) – Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
161. ^ "Jurassic Park (1993)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
162. ^ Groves, Don (September 14, 1993). "'Park' strides past 'E.T.' for o'seas B.O. title". Daily Variety. p. 26.
163. ^ a b Groves, Don (November 22, 1993). "Dinos set o'seas mark of $500 mil". Variety. p. 16.
164. ^ a b c Groves, Don (July 20, 1993). "'Jurassic' renders Japan B.O. record extinct". Daily Variety. p. 1\. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
165. ^ a b c Groves, Don (September 7, 1993). "Dinos dominate world". Daily Variety. p. 30.
166. ^ a b Groves, Don (September 21, 1993). "'Park' conquers Italy". Daily Variety. p. 18.
167. ^ a b Groves, Don (November 8, 1993). "French coin points 'Park' at $500 mil". Variety. p. 9.
168. ^ Groves, Don (July 26, 1993). "U.K. yields to the call of the dinosaurs". Variety. p. 12.
169. ^ "International box office". Variety. August 2, 1993. p. 18\. "$13,982,206; £1=$1.52"
170. ^ Groves, Don (August 2, 1993). "'Park' keeps stomping on world B.O.". Variety. p. 18.
171. ^ "UK Box Office's Weekend Record-Breaker". Screen International. August 16, 1996. p. 23.
172. ^ "Powerful Park". Screen International. July 30, 1993. p. 30.
173. ^ Groves, Don (August 16, 1993). "'Park' leader of summer B.O. pack". Variety. p. 11.
174. ^ BFI Statistical Yearbook (PDF) (2012 ed.). London: British Film Institute. 2013. pp. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
175. ^ Scott, Mary (October 31, 1997). "Stripped by Full Monty". Screen International. p. 27.
176. ^ "Aladdin' rides high in Europe". United Press International. November 29, 1993. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
177. ^ a b "International box office". Variety. September 20, 1993. p. 13.
178. ^ Groves, Don (September 20, 1993). "Healthy fall kickoff in Euro B.O.". Variety. p. 13.
179. ^ "The Biggest Movie of All Time (advertisement)". Screen International. October 8, 1993. pp. 6–7.
180. ^ "International Box Office". Variety. November 8, 1993. p. 9\. "$13,089,950; $1=5.8FF"
181. ^ Groves, Don (October 28, 1993). "'Jurassic' passes $450 mil o'seas". Daily Variety. p. 30.
182. ^ "EDI Box Office News: Star Translations". Variety. May 26, 1997. p. 19.
183. ^ Groves, Don (September 6, 1993). "'Sliver' hot, 'Shots' tops in o'seas B.O.". Variety. p. 10.
184. ^ Groves, Don; Wan, Teresa (December 13, 1993). "B.O. gets rocky for chopsockys". Variety. p. 1.
185. ^ "Once Were Warriors (advertisement)". Variety. December 12, 1994. p. 22.
186. ^ McBride 1997, p. 424.
187. ^ Klady, Leonard (March 3, 1998). "'Titanic' Sails to All-Time Box Office Record". Variety. Archived from the original on February 16, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
188. ^ Subers, Ray (April 6, 2013). "Weekend Report: Audiences Thrill to 'Evil Dead', 'Jurassic Park 3D'". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 9, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
189. ^ McClintock, Pamela (August 25, 2013). "Global Box Office: 'Jurassic Park 3D' Clobbers the Competition, Huge in China". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
190. ^ "Jurassic Park 3D". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
191. ^ White, James (August 23, 2013). "Jurassic Park Joins The Billion Dollar Club". Empire. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
192. ^ Han, Angie (June 23, 2015). "'Jurassic World' Sets Record for Fastest Race to $1 Billion". /Film. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
193. ^ "Jurassic Park (2018 Re-release)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
194. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (June 22, 2020). "'Jurassic Park' Roars To No. 1 Again at Weekend Box Office, 27 Years After Original Release". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
195. ^ "Jurassic Park (1993)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
196. ^ "Jurassic Park Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
197. ^ "Find CinemaScore" (Type "Jurassic Park" in the search box). CinemaScore. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
198. ^ Maslin, Janet (June 11, 1993). "Screen Stars With Teeth To Spare". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
199. ^ Travers, Peter (June 1993). "Jurassic Park". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 24, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
200. ^ Ebert, Roger (June 11, 1993). "Jurassic Park". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
201. ^ Westbrook, Caroline (August 1993). "Review of Jurassic Park". Empire. No. 50\. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
202. ^ "'Jurassic Park,' another Spielberg movie, also has good night with 3 awards". The Orlando Sentinel. March 22, 1994. p. 6\. Archived from the original on September 21, 2022. Retrieved September 21, 2022 - via Newspapers.com.
203. ^ "Jurassic Park Awards". Allmovie. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2007.
204. ^ "1994 Hugo Awards". Thehugoawards.org. July 28, 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
205. ^ a b "Past Saturn Awards". Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2007.
206. ^ "1993 20th People's Choice Awards". The Envelope. Archived from the original on October 31, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
207. ^ "Fifteenth Annual Youth in Film Awards 1992–1993". Young Artist Association. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
208. ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 11, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
209. ^ Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. (2012). 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die. Quintessence Editions (5th ed.). Hauppauge, New York: Barron's Educational Series. p. 960\. ISBN 978-1-84403-733-9. OCLC 796279948.
210. ^ Simon Braund; Glen Ferris; Ian Freer; Nev Pierce; Chris Hewitt; Dan Jolin; Ian Nathan; Kim Newman; Helen O'Hara; Olly Richards; Owen Willams. "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
211. ^ "1000 films to see before you die". June 27, 2007. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
212. ^ "Burda Publications, Inc. Congratulates its 1993 Bambi Award Recipients" (Press release). Hubert Burda Media. December 9, 1993.
213. ^ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
214. ^ "17th Annual Japanese Academy Awards" (in Japanese). Japan Academy Prize Association. Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
215. ^ "1993 BAFTA Awards and Nominations". bafta.org. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
216. ^ Borzillo, Carrie (May 28, 1994). "BMI Gives Awards to Television, Movie Music". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
217. ^ ルビー・モレノ快進撃 「月はどっちに出ている」3冠 (in Japanese). The Association of Tokyo Film Journalists. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
218. ^ "Past Bram Stoker Nominees & Winners". horror.org. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
219. ^ "The Cinema Audio Society Awards For Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing 1993–2002". Cinema Audio Society. Archived from the original on June 8, 2004. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
220. ^ "Český lev 1993 – Přehled ocenění" (in Czech). Czech Film and Television Academy. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
221. ^ Moon, Tom (January 7, 1994). "Sting, R.e.m., Houston Grab Grammy Bids Nominations Predictably Conservative; Mariah Carey, Michael Bolton Blocked From Big Awards". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
222. ^ "1994 MTV Movie Awards". MTV. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
223. ^ "48th 日本映画大賞". Mainichi Shinbun (in Japanese). Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
224. ^ Cox, Dan (March 20, 1994). "Spielberg pix sound great at MPSE's Golden Reels". Variety. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
225. ^ "People's Choice Awards 1994 Nominees". People's Choice Awards. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
226. ^ "15th Annual Young Artist Awards". youngartistawards.org. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
227. ^ "The Hugo Awards: 1994 Hugo Awards". thehugoawards.com. July 28, 2007. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
228. ^ "Crypto, Sci-Fi, Soldiers, Spies (and Disasters, of Course): 5 Varieties in the Technothriller Genre". Writer's Digest. July 19, 2018. Archived from the original on July 28, 2019. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
229. ^ "AFI's 100 Years, 100 Thrills". AFI. June 13, 2001. Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved February 13, 2007.
230. ^ a b c d Freer, Ian (April 30, 2004). "The 15 Most Influential Films Of Our Lifetime". Empire. p. 120.
231. ^ "50 Most Magical Movie Moments". Empire. November 28, 2003. p. 122.
232. ^ Braund, Simon; Glen Ferris, Ian Freer, Nev Pierce, Chris Hewitt, Dan Jolin, Ian Nathan, Kim Newman, Helen O'Hara, Olly Richards, and Owen Willams. "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2014.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
233. ^ "Film Review Special #59 – 55 Years Anniversary contents". Film Review. July 28, 2005. Archived from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
234. ^ Stax; Linder, Brian; Gilchrist, Todd; Moro, Eric; Carle, Chris (November 30, 2006). "Top 25 Movie Franchises of All Time: #19". IGN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2007.
235. ^ "Summer Blockbusters: The New Generation", Entertainment Weekly, Page 32, Issue #1112, July 23, 2010.
236. ^ "Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films". The Hollywood Reporter. June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
237. ^ "Laying the Groundwork for the NBA in Toronto". Toronto Raptors. Archived from the original on August 4, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
238. ^ "Welcome to Jurassic Park, where hope springs eternal for Toronto sports fans". CBC. May 19, 2019. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
239. ^ Many Paleontologists Today Are Part Of The 'Jurassic Park' Generation. NPR. July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
240. ^ "Jurassic Park Turns 21: A Look Back at How It Revolutionized Special Effects". Wired. June 10, 2014.
241. ^ "Here's how Jurassic Park changed the special effects game". The A.V. Club. June 11, 2014.
242. ^ "How 'Jurassic Park' Changed Special Effects Forever". Insider. June 13, 2014.
243. ^ "Critic's Picks: 10 Landmark CGI-Meets-Live-Action Movies". The Hollywood Reporter. April 15, 2016.
244. ^ "The 50 greatest special effects movies of all time: Jurassic Park (1993)". The A.V. Club. July 26, 2018.
245. ^ "From 'Avatar' to 'Jurassic Park': 10 Great Films That Have Timeless Visual Effects". Collider. June 30, 2022.
246. ^ "The Jurassic Park Period: How CGI Dinosaurs Transformed Film Forever". The Atlantic. April 5, 2013.
247. ^ Shone 2004, p. 213.
248. ^ Hearn, Marcus (2005). 'ILM and the Digital Revolution' The Cinema of George Lucas. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, Publishers. p. 174\. ISBN 0-8109-4968-7.
249. ^ Sibley, Brian (2006). Peter Jackson: A Film-maker's Journey. London: HarperCollins. p. 310\. ISBN 0-00-717558-2.
250. ^ "Rex n' Effects". Entertainment Weekly. June 18, 1993. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
251. ^ Barnes, Mike (December 12, 2018). "'Jurassic Park', 'The Shining', 'Brokeback Mountain' Enter National Film Registry". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 12, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
252. ^ "National Film Registry Turns 30". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
253. ^ "Complete National Film Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
254. ^ "The Lost World takes $500m worldwide". Screen International. September 12, 1997. p. 31.
255. ^ "The Lost World". MichaelCrichton.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
256. ^ Smith, Steven (May 29, 1997). "In 'The Lost World', Bits of Old Movies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
257. ^ The Making of Jurassic Park III. Jurassic Park III DVD: Universal Pictures. 2002.
258. ^ Rottenberg, Josh (June 11, 2015). "'Jurassic World' is Trevorrow Land". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
259. ^ Kenny, Glenn (June 19, 2018). "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom". rogerebert.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
260. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 6, 2020). "'Jurassic World: Dominion' Stomps To Summer 2022". Deadline. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
261. ^ Kit, Borys (February 20, 2024). "'Jurassic World' Director Found in 'Rogue One' Filmmaker Gareth Edwards". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
262. ^ "Jurassic Park". stevenenglehart.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
263. ^ "Jurassic Park: The Ride (1996–present)". The Studio Tour. Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
264. ^ "Jurassic Park: The Ride". Universal Studios Japan. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
265. ^ "Challenging Disney". Ocala Star-Banner. April 4, 1999. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
266. ^ Schneider, Mike (July 5, 1998). "Theme Parks Set in Motion Around Conference Tables". Lakeland Ledger. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
267. ^ "The Lost World – Universal Studios Singapore". Resorts World Sentosa. Archived from the original on November 12, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2014.

### Bibliography

[edit]

* McBride, Joseph (1997). Steven Spielberg. Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.
* Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-348-8.
* Shay, Don; Duncan, Jody (1993). The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making. Boxtree Limited. p. 61\. ISBN 1-85283-774-8.
* Shone, Tom (2004). Blockbuster: How Hollywood learned to stop worrying and love the summer. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-3568-6.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jurassic Park.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Jurassic Park (film).

* Jurassic Park at IMDb
* Jurassic Park at AllMovie
* Jurassic Park at Box Office Mojo
* Jurassic Park at Rotten Tomatoes
* Jurassic Park at the TCM Movie Database
* Jurassic Park at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
* From Director Steven Spielberg: Jurassic Park archive Archived July 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park

Novels|

* Jurassic Park (1990)
* The Lost World (1995)

Films|

| Jurassic Park|

* Jurassic Park (1993)
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
* Jurassic Park III (2001)

|

Jurassic World|

* Jurassic World (2015)
* Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)
* Jurassic World Dominion (2022)
* Jurassic World Rebirth (2025)

Television|

* Lego Jurassic World: The Secret Exhibit (2018)
* Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar (2019)
* Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020–2022)
* episodes
* "Brave"
* Jurassic World: Chaos Theory (since 2024)

Short films|

* Battle at Big Rock (2019)
* Jurassic World Dominion prologue (2021)

Characters|

| Humans|

* Alan Grant
* Ellie Sattler
* Ian Malcolm
* John Hammond
* Henry Wu
* Owen Grady
* Claire Dearing
* Maisie Lockwood

|

Dinosaurs|

* Rexy
* Velociraptors

Music|

* Jurassic Park
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park
* Jurassic Park III
* Jurassic World
* Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
* Jurassic World Dominion

Attractions|

* Jurassic Park: The Ride
* Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure
* Canopy Flyer
* Dino-Soarin'
* The Flying Dinosaur
* Jurassic World: The Ride
* VelociCoaster

Related|

* Video games
* Lego line
* Live show
* Board game
* Jurassic Park pinball
* The Lost World pinball
* "Weird Al" Yankovic song
* Production of Jurassic World
* Light & Magic
* Jurassic City
* The Jurassic League

* Category

Jurassic Park navigation boxes

* v
* t
* e

Michael Crichton

Bibliography

Novels|

* The Andromeda Strain (1969)
* The Terminal Man (1972)
* The Great Train Robbery (1975)
* Eaters of the Dead (1976)
* Congo (1980)
* Sphere (1987)
* Jurassic Park (1990)
* Rising Sun (1992)
* Disclosure (1994)
* The Lost World (1995)
* Airframe (1996)
* Timeline (1999)
* Prey (2002)
* State of Fear (2004)
* Next (2006)
* Pirate Latitudes (2009) *
* Micro (2011) *
* Dragon Teeth (2017) *
* Eruption (2024) *

Novels written
under pseudonyms|

* Odds On (1966)
* Scratch One (1967)
* Easy Go (1968)
* A Case of Need (1968)
* Zero Cool (1969)
* The Venom Business (1969)
* Drug of Choice (1970)
* Dealing: or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (1970)
* Grave Descend (1970)
* Binary (1972)

Post-Crichton novels|

* The Andromeda Evolution (2019)

Non-fiction|

* Five Patients (1970)
* Jasper Johns (1977)
* Electronic Life (1983)
* Travels (1988)

Films directed|

* Pursuit (1972)
* Westworld (1973)
* Coma (1978)
* The First Great Train Robbery (1978)
* Looker (1981)
* Runaway (1984)
* Physical Evidence (1989)

Films written|

* Extreme Close-Up (1973)
* Westworld (1973)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Rising Sun (1993)
* Twister (1996)

Television series|

* Beyond Westworld (1980)
* ER (1994–2009)
* Westworld (2016–2022)

Adaptations|

* The Andromeda Strain (1971)
* Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (1972)
* The Carey Treatment (1972)
* Pursuit (1972)
* The Terminal Man (1974)
* The First Great Train Robbery (1978)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Rising Sun (1993)
* Disclosure (1994)
* Congo (1995)
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
* Sphere (1998)
* The 13th Warrior (1999)
* Timeline (2003)
* The Andromeda Strain (2008)

Video games|

* Amazon (1984)
* Westworld 2000 (1996)
* Timeline (2000)
* Jurassic Park series

Franchises|

* Westworld (1973–2022)
* Jurassic Park (1993–present)

Related|

Antarctica cooling controversy

* *Released posthumously

* v
* t
* e

Steven Spielberg

* Accolades
* Bibliography
* Filmography
* Unrealized projects

Films directed|

* Firelight (1964)
* Slipstream (1967)
* Amblin' (1968)
* Night Gallery (1969; segment "Eyes")
* Duel (1971)
* Something Evil (1972)
* Savage (1973)
* The Sugarland Express (1974)
* Jaws (1975)
* Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
* 1941 (1979)
* Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
* E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
* Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983)
* Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
* The Color Purple (1985)
* Empire of the Sun (1987)
* Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
* Always (1989)
* Hook (1991)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Schindler's List (1993)
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
* Amistad (1997)
* Saving Private Ryan (1998)
* A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
* Minority Report (2002)
* Catch Me If You Can (2002)
* The Terminal (2004)
* War of the Worlds (2005)
* Munich (2005)
* Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
* The Adventures of Tintin (2011)
* War Horse (2011)
* Lincoln (2012)
* Bridge of Spies (2015)
* The BFG (2016)
* The Post (2017)
* Ready Player One (2018)
* West Side Story (2021)
* The Fabelmans (2022)

Films written|

* Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973)
* Poltergeist (1982)
* The Goonies (1985)

Films produced|

* An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991)
* Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)
* Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
* Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
* Super 8 (2011)
* The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
* Maestro (2023)
* The Color Purple (2023)
* Music by John Williams (2024)
* Hamnet (TBA)

Television|

* "L.A. 2017" (1971)
* Amazing Stories (1985–1987)
* High Incident (1996–1997)
* Invasion America (1998)

Video games|

* The Dig (1995)
* Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair (1996)
* Medal of Honor (1999)
* Medal of Honor: Allied Assault (2002)
* Boom Blox (2008)
* Boom Blox Bash Party (2009)

Family|

* Amy Irving (first wife)
* Kate Capshaw (second wife)
* Destry Spielberg (daughter)
* Sasha Spielberg (daughter)
* Arnold Spielberg (father)
* Anne Spielberg (sister)

Related|

* Amblin Partners
* Amblin Entertainment
* Amblin Television
* DreamWorks Television
* Amblimation
* DreamWorks Pictures
* DreamWorks Animation
* USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education
* Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive
* Sammy Fabelman
* Spielberg (2017)
* "Cannibal" (2022)

* v
* t
* e

Works by David Koepp

Films directed|

* The Trigger Effect (1996)
* Stir of Echoes (1999)
* Secret Window (2004)
* Ghost Town (2008)
* Premium Rush (2012)
* Mortdecai (2015)
* You Should Have Left (2020)

Films written only|

* Apartment Zero (1988)
* Bad Influence (1990)
* Why Me? (1990)
* I Come in Peace (1990)
* Toy Soldiers (1991)
* Death Becomes Her (1992)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Carlito's Way (1993)
* The Paper (1994)
* The Shadow (1994)
* Mission: Impossible (1996)
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
* Snake Eyes (1998)
* Panic Room (2002)
* Spider-Man (2002)
* War of the Worlds (2005)
* Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005)
* Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
* Angels & Demons (2009)
* The Little Engine That Could (2011)
* Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014)
* Inferno (2016)
* The Mummy (2017)
* Kimi (2022)
* Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)
* Presence (2024)
* Black Bag (2025)
* Jurassic World Rebirth (2025)
* Cold Storage (TBA)

TV series created|

* Hack (2002–2004)

* v
* t
* e

Jurassic Park video games

Jurassic Park|

* NES/Game Boy
* Super NES
* Genesis
* Sega CD
* Game Gear/Master System
* Computer
* Rampage Edition
* Arcade
* Interactive
* 2: The Chaos Continues
* Survival

The Lost World|

* Console
* Chaos Island
* Handheld
* Genesis
* Arcade
* Trespasser

Jurassic Park III|

* Arcade
* III: Danger Zone!
* III: Dino Defender
* III: The DNA Factor
* III: Park Builder
* III: Island Attack
* Scan Command
* Survival (cancelled)

Jurassic World trilogy|

* Lego Jurassic World
* Jurassic World: The Game
* Jurassic World Evolution
* Jurassic World Aftermath
* Jurassic World Evolution 2

Other games|

* Warpath
* Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure
* Operation Genesis
* Jurassic Park: The Game
* Jurassic Park Builder
* Jurassic Park Arcade
* Lego Dimensions
* Funko Fusion

Awards for Jurassic Park

* v
* t
* e

Academy Award for Best Sound Editing

Sound Effects
1963–1967|

* Walter Elliott \- It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
* Norman Wanstall \- Goldfinger (1964)
* Treg Brown \- The Great Race (1965)
* Gordon Daniel \- Grand Prix (1966)
* John Poyner \- The Dirty Dozen (1967)

Sound Effects Editing
1982–1999|

* Charles L. Campbell and Ben Burtt \- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
* Jay Boekelheide \- The Right Stuff (1983)
* Kay Rose \- The River (1984)
* Charles L. Campbell and Robert Rutledge \- Back to the Future (1985)
* Don Sharpe \- Aliens (1986)
* Stephen Hunter Flick and John Pospisil \- RoboCop (1987)
* Charles L. Campbell and Louis Edemann \- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
* Ben Burtt and Richard Hymns \- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
* Cecelia Hall and George Watters II \- The Hunt for Red October (1990)
* Gary Rydstrom and Gloria Borders \- Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* Tom McCarthy and David E. Stone \- Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
* Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns \- Jurassic Park (1993)
* Stephen Hunter Flick \- Speed (1994)
* Lon Bender and Per Hallberg \- Braveheart (1995)
* Bruce Stambler \- The Ghost and the Darkness (1996)
* Tom Bellfort and Christopher Boyes \- Titanic (1997)
* Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns \- Saving Private Ryan (1998)
* Dane Davis \- The Matrix (1999)

Sound Editing
2000–2019|

* Jon Johnson \- U-571 (2000)
* George Watters II and Christopher Boyes \- Pearl Harbor (2001)
* Mike Hopkins and Ethan Van der Ryn \- The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
* Richard King \- Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
* Michael Silvers and Randy Thom \- The Incredibles (2004)
* Mike Hopkins and Ethan Van der Ryn \- King Kong (2005)
* Bub Asman and Alan Robert Murray \- Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
* Karen Baker Landers and Per Hallberg \- The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)
* Richard King \- The Dark Knight (2008)
* Paul N. J. Ottosson \- The Hurt Locker (2009)
* Richard King \- Inception (2010)
* Eugene Gearty and Philip Stockton \- Hugo (2011)
* Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers \- Skyfall / Paul N. J. Ottosson \- Zero Dark Thirty (2012)
* Glenn Freemantle \- Gravity (2013)
* Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman \- American Sniper (2014)
* Mark Mangini and David White \- Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
* Sylvain Bellemare \- Arrival (2016)
* Richard King and Alex Gibson \- Dunkirk (2017)
* John Warhurst and Nina Hartstone \- Bohemian Rhapsody (2018)
* Donald Sylvester \- Ford v Ferrari (2019)

* v
* t
* e

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects

1963–1980|

* Emil Kosa Jr. – Cleopatra (1963)
* Peter Ellenshaw, Eustace Lycett, and Hamilton Luske – Mary Poppins (1964)
* John Stears – Thunderball (1965)
* Art Cruickshank – Fantastic Voyage (1966)
* L. B. Abbott – Doctor Dolittle (1967)
* Stanley Kubrick – 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
* Robie Robertson – Marooned (1969)
* A. D. Flowers and L. B. Abbott – Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970)
* Alan Maley, Eustace Lycett, and Danny Lee – Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
* L. B. Abbott and A. D. Flowers – The Poseidon Adventure (1972)
* Frank Brendel, Glen Robinson, and Albert Whitlock – Earthquake (1974)
* Albert Whitlock and Glen Robinson – The Hindenburg (1975)
* Carlo Rambaldi, Glen Robinson, and Frank Van der Veer – King Kong (1976)
* John Stears, John Dykstra, Richard Edlund, Grant McCune, and Robert Blalack – Star Wars (1977)
* Les Bowie, Colin Chilvers, Denys Coop, Roy Field, Derek Meddings, and Zoran Perisic – Superman (1978)
* H. R. Giger, Carlo Rambaldi, Brian Johnson, Nick Allder, and Dennis Ayling – Alien (1979)
* Brian Johnson, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, and Bruce Nicholson – The Empire Strikes Back (1980)

1981–2000|

* Richard Edlund, Kit West, Bruce Nicholson, and Joe Johnston – Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
* Carlo Rambaldi, Dennis Muren, and Kenneth F. Smith – E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
* Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Ken Ralston, and Phil Tippett – Return of the Jedi (1983)
* Dennis Muren, Michael J. McAlister, Lorne Peterson, and George Gibbs – Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
* Ken Ralston, Ralph McQuarrie, Scott Farrar, and David Berry – Cocoon (1985)
* Robert Skotak, Stan Winston, John Richardson, and Suzanne M. Benson – Aliens (1986)
* Dennis Muren, Bill George, Harley Jessup, and Kenneth F. Smith \- Innerspace (1987)
* Ken Ralston, Richard Williams, Edward Jones, and George Gibbs – Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
* John Bruno, Dennis Muren, Hoyt Yeatman, and Dennis Skotak – The Abyss (1989)
* Eric Brevig, Rob Bottin, Tim McGovern, and Alex Funke – Total Recall (1990)
* Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Gene Warren Jr., and Robert Skotak – Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* Ken Ralston, Doug Chiang, Douglas Smythe, and Tom Woodruff Jr. – Death Becomes Her (1992)
* Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett, and Michael Lantieri – Jurassic Park (1993)
* Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, and Allen Hall – Forrest Gump (1994)
* Scott E. Anderson, Charles Gibson, Neal Scanlan, and John Cox – Babe (1995)
* Volker Engel, Douglas Smith, Clay Pinney, and Joe Viskocil – Independence Day (1996)
* Robert Legato, Mark Lasoff, Thomas L. Fisher, and Michael Kanfer – Titanic (1997)
* Joel Hynek, Nicholas Brooks, Stuart Robertson, and Kevin Mack – What Dreams May Come (1998)
* John Gaeta, Janek Sirrs, Steve Courtley, and Jon Thum – The Matrix (1999)
* John Nelson, Neil Corbould, Tim Burke, and Rob Harvey – Gladiator (2000)

2001–2020|

* Jim Rygiel, Randall William Cook, Richard Taylor, and Mark Stetson – The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
* Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook, and Alex Funke – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
* Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook, and Alex Funke – The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
* John Dykstra, Scott Stokdyk, Anthony LaMolinara, and John Frazier – Spider-Man 2 (2004)
* Joe Letteri, Brian Van't Hul, Christian Rivers, and Richard Taylor – King Kong (2005)
* John Knoll, Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson, and Allen Hall – Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
* Michael L. Fink, Bill Westenhofer, Ben Morris, and Trevor Wood – The Golden Compass (2007)
* Eric Barba, Steve Preeg, Burt Dalton, and Craig Barron – The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
* Joe Letteri, Stephen Rosenbaum, Richard Baneham, and Andrew R. Jones – Avatar (2009)
* Paul Franklin, Chris Corbould, Andrew Lockley, and Peter Bebb – Inception (2010)
* Robert Legato, Joss Williams, Ben Grossmann, and Alex Henning – Hugo (2011)
* Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer, and Donald R. Elliott – Life of Pi (2012)
* Tim Webber, Chris Lawrence, Dave Shirk, and Neil Corbould – Gravity (2013)
* Paul Franklin, Andrew Lockley, Ian Hunter, and Scott R. Fisher – Interstellar (2014)
* Mark Williams Ardington, Sara Bennett, Paul Norris, and Andrew Whitehurst – Ex Machina (2015)
* Robert Legato, Adam Valdez, Andrew R. Jones, and Dan Lemmon – The Jungle Book (2016)
* John Nelson, Gerd Nefzer, Paul Lambert, and Richard R. Hoover – Blade Runner 2049 (2017)
* Paul Lambert, Ian Hunter, Tristan Myles, and J. D. Schwalm – First Man (2018)
* Guillaume Rocheron, Greg Butler, and Dominic Tuohy – 1917 (2019)
* Andrew Jackson, David Lee, Andrew Lockley, and Scott R. Fisher – Tenet (2020)

2021–present|

* Paul Lambert, Tristan Myles, Brian Connor, and Gerd Nefzer – Dune (2021)
* Joe Letteri, Richard Baneham, Eric Saindon, and Daniel Barrett – Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
* Takashi Yamazaki, Kiyoko Shibuya, Masaki Takahashi, and Tatsuji Nojima – Godzilla Minus One (2023)

* v
* t
* e

BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects

1982–2000|

* Richard Edlund \- Poltergeist (1982)
* Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Ken Ralston, and Kit West \- Return of the Jedi (1983)
* Dennis Muren, George Gibbs, Michael J. McAlister, and Lorne Peterson \- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
* George Gibbs and Richard Conway \- Brazil (1985)
* Robert Skotak, Brian Johnson, Suzanne M. Benson, John Richardson, and Stan Winston \- Aliens (1986)
* Michael Lantieri, Michael Owens, Edward Jones, and Bruce Walters - The Witches of Eastwick (1987)
* George Gibbs, Richard Williams, Ken Ralston, and Edward Jones \- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
* Ken Ralston, Michael Lantieri, John Bell, and Steve Gawley \- Back to the Future Part II (1989)
* The production team of Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1990)
* Stan Winston, Dennis Muren, Gene Warren Jr., and Robert Skotak \- Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* Michael Lantieri, Ken Ralston, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr., Doug Chiang, and Douglas Smythe - Death Becomes Her (1992)
* Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett, and Michael Lantieri \- Jurassic Park (1993)
* Ken Ralston, George Murphy, Stephen Rosenbaum, Doug Chiang, and Allen Hall \- Forrest Gump (1994)
* Robert Legato, Michael Kanfer, Matt Sweeney, and Leslie Ekker \- Apollo 13 (1995)
* Stefen Fangmeier, John Frazier, Henry LaBounta, and Habib Zargarpour \- Twister (1996)
* Mark Stetson, Karen Goulekas, Nick Allder, Neil Corbould, and Nick Dudman \- The Fifth Element (1997)
* Stefen Fangmeier, Roger Guyett, and Neil Corbould \- Saving Private Ryan (1998)
* John Gaeta, Steve Courtley, Janek Sirrs, and Jon Thum \- The Matrix (1999)
* Stefen Fangmeier, John Frazier, Walt Conti, Habib Zargarpour, and Tim Alexander \- The Perfect Storm (2000)

2001–present|

* Jim Rygiel, Richard Taylor, Alex Funke, Randall William Cook, and Mark Stetson \- The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
* Jim Rygiel, Joe Letteri, Randall William Cook, and Alex Funke \- The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
* Joe Letteri, Jim Rygiel, Randall William Cook, and Alex Funke \- The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
* Karen Goulekas, Neil Corbould, Greg Strause, and Remo Balcells - The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
* Joe Letteri, Christian Rivers, Brian Van't Hul, and Richard Taylor \- King Kong (2005)
* John Knoll, Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson, and Allen Hall \- Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
* Michael L. Fink, Bill Westenhofer, Ben Morris, and Trevor Wood \- The Golden Compass (2007)
* Eric Barba, Craig Barron, Nathan McGuinness, and Edson Williams \- The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
* Joe Letteri, Stephen Rosenbaum, Richard Baneham, and Andrew R. Jones \- Avatar (2009)
* Chris Corbould, Paul Franklin, Andrew Lockley, and Peter Bebb \- Inception (2010)
* Tim Burke, John Richardson, Greg Butler, and David Vickery \- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011)
* Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, and Erik-Jan de Boer \- Life of Pi (2012)
* Tim Webber, Chris Lawrence, Dave Shirk, Neil Corbould, and Nikki Penny - Gravity (2013)
* Paul Franklin, Scott R. Fisher, Andrew Lockley, and Ian Hunter \- Interstellar (2014)
* Chris Corbould, Roger Guyett, Paul Kavanagh, and Neal Scanlan \- Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
* Robert Legato, Dan Lemmon, Andrew R. Jones, and Adam Valdez \- The Jungle Book (2016)
* Richard R. Hoover, Paul Lambert, Gerd Nefzer, and John Nelson \- Blade Runner 2049 (2017)
* Geoffrey Baumann, Jesse James Chisholm, Craig Hammack, and Dan Sudick \- Black Panther (2018)
* Greg Butler, Guillaume Rocheron, and Dominic Tuohy \- 1917 (2019)
* Scott R. Fisher, Andrew Jackson, and Andrew Lockley \- Tenet (2020)
* Brian Connor, Paul Lambert, Tristan Myles, and Gerd Nefzer \- Dune (2021)
* Richard Baneham, Daniel Barrett, Joe Letteri and Eric Saindon \- Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
* Simon Hughes - Poor Things (2023)

* v
* t
* e

Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film

* Sunset Boulevard (1951)
* Monsieur Verdoux (1952)
* Forbidden Games (1953)
* The Wages of Fear (1954)
* East of Eden (1955)
* Gervaise (1956)
* La Strada (1957)
* The Old Man and the Sea (1958)
* 12 Angry Men (1959)
* On the Beach (1960)
* Two Women (1961)
* The Grapes of Wrath (1962)
* Sundays and Cybele (1963)
* Lilies of the Field (1964)
* Mary Poppins (1965)
* A Man and a Woman (1966)
* Lenny (1975)
* Taxi Driver (1976)
* Rocky (1977)
* Conversation Piece (1978)
* The Deer Hunter (1979)
* Kramer vs. Kramer (1980)
* The Tin Drum (1981)
* E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
* Flashdance (1983)
* The Right Stuff (1984)
* Witness (1985)
* The Color Purple (1986)
* The Untouchables (1987)
* Wings of Desire (1988)
* Die Hard (1989)
* Field of Dreams (1990)
* The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
* JFK (1992)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Pulp Fiction (1994)
* The Bridges of Madison County (1995)
* Seven (1996)
* Titanic (1997)
* L.A. Confidential (1998)
* Life Is Beautiful (1999)
* Dancer in the Dark (2000)
* Joint Security Area (2001)
* Shaolin Soccer (2002)
* Infernal Affairs (2003)
* Mystic River (2004)
* Million Dollar Baby (2005)
* Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
* Dreamgirls (2007)
* The Dark Knight (2008)
* Gran Torino (2009)
* District 9 (2010)
* Black Swan (2011)
* Les Misérables (2012)
* Gravity (2013)
* Jersey Boys (2014)
* Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
* Rogue One (2016)
* Hidden Figures (2017)
* Bohemian Rhapsody (2018)
* Joker (2019)
* Parasite (2020)
* No Time to Die (2021)
* Top Gun: Maverick (2022)
* The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023)

* v
* t
* e

Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation

1950s|

* 1958: The Incredible Shrinking Man

1960s|

* 1960: The Twilight Zone
* 1961: The Twilight Zone
* 1962: The Twilight Zone
* 1965: Dr. Strangelove
* 1967: Star Trek – "The Menagerie"
* 1968: Star Trek – "The City on the Edge of Forever"
* 1969: 2001: A Space Odyssey

1970s|

* 1970: News coverage of Apollo 11
* 1972: A Clockwork Orange
* 1973: Slaughterhouse-Five
* 1974: Sleeper
* 1975: Young Frankenstein
* 1976: A Boy and His Dog
* 1978: Star Wars
* 1979: Superman

1980s|

* 1980: Alien
* 1981: The Empire Strikes Back
* 1982: Raiders of the Lost Ark
* 1983: Blade Runner
* 1984: Return of the Jedi
* 1985: 2010: The Year We Make Contact
* 1986: Back to the Future
* 1987: Aliens
* 1988: The Princess Bride
* 1989: Who Framed Roger Rabbit

1990s|

* 1990: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
* 1991: Edward Scissorhands
* 1992: Terminator 2: Judgment Day
* 1993: Star Trek: The Next Generation – "The Inner Light"
* 1994: Jurassic Park
* 1995: Star Trek: The Next Generation – "All Good Things..."
* 1996: Babylon 5 – "The Coming of Shadows"
* 1997: Babylon 5 – "Severed Dreams"
* 1998: Contact
* 1999: The Truman Show

2000s|

* 2000: Galaxy Quest
* 2001: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
* 2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

* v
* t
* e

Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film

* Rocky (1978)
* Conversation Piece (1979)
* The Deer Hunter (1980)
* Kramer vs. Kramer (1981)
* The Tin Drum (1982)
* E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1983)
* An Officer and a Gentleman (1984)
* Once Upon a Time in America (1985)
* Amadeus (1986)
* Back to the Future (1987)
* Platoon (1988)
* The Last Emperor (1989)
* Die Hard (1990)
* Field of Dreams (1991)
* Dances With Wolves (1992)
* JFK (1993)
* Jurassic Park (1994)
* Schindler's List (1995)
* The Shawshank Redemption (1996)
* Il Postino: The Postman (1997)
* Titanic (1998)
* L.A. Confidential (1999)
* The Sixth Sense (2000)
* Dancer in the Dark (2001)
* Billy Elliot (2002)
* Monster's Ball (2003)
* The Pianist (2004)
* The Last Samurai (2005)
* Million Dollar Baby (2006)
* Flags of Our Fathers (2007)
* Letters from Iwo Jima (2008)
* The Dark Knight (2009)
* Gran Torino (2010)
* Avatar (2011)
* The King's Speech (2012)
* The Intouchables (2013)
* Les Misérables (2014)
* Frozen (2015)
* American Sniper (2016)
* Sully (2017)
* La La Land (2018)
* Bohemian Rhapsody (2019)
* Joker (2020)
* Parasite (2021)
* No Time to Die (2022)
* Top Gun: Maverick (2023)
* Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie

* Beverly Hills Cop II (1988)
* Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1989)
* Look Who's Talking (1990)
* Home Alone (1991)
* The Addams Family (1992)
* Jurassic Park (1994)
* The Lion King (1995)
* Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1996)
* Independence Day (1997)
* Titanic (1998)
* The Rugrats Movie (1999)
* Big Daddy (2000)
* How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2001)
* Rush Hour 2 (2002)
* Austin Powers in Goldmember (2003)
* Finding Nemo (2004)
* The Incredibles (2005)
* Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2006)
* Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2007)
* Alvin and the Chipmunks (2008)
* High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2009)
* Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2010)
* The Karate Kid (2011)
* Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2012)
* The Hunger Games (2013)
* The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2014)
* The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2015)
* Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016)
* Ghostbusters (2017)
* Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2018)
* Avengers: Infinity War (2019)
* Avengers: Endgame (2020)
* Wonder Woman 1984 (2021)
* Spider-Man: No Way Home (2022)
* Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (2023)
* Barbie (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film

1970s|

* Slaughterhouse-Five (1972)
* Soylent Green (1973)
* Rollerball (1974/75)
* Logan's Run (1976)
* Star Wars (1977)
* Superman (1978)
* Alien (1979)

1980s|

* The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
* Superman II (1981)
* E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
* Return of the Jedi (1983)
* The Terminator (1984)
* Back to the Future (1985)
* Aliens (1986)
* RoboCop (1987)
* Alien Nation (1988)

1990s|

* Total Recall (1989/90)
* Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1992)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Stargate (1994)
* 12 Monkeys (1995)
* Independence Day (1996)
* Men in Black (1997)
* Armageddon/Dark City (1998)
* The Matrix (1999)

2000s|

* X-Men (2000)
* A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
* Minority Report (2002)
* X2: X-Men United (2003)
* Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
* Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
* Children of Men (2006)
* Cloverfield (2007)
* Iron Man (2008)
* Avatar (2009)

2010s|

* Inception (2010)
* Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
* The Avengers (2012)
* Gravity (2013)
* Interstellar (2014)
* Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
* Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
* Blade Runner 2049 (2017)
* Ready Player One (2018/19)
* Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019/20)

2020s|

* Nope (2021/22)
* Avatar: The Way of Water (2022/23)

* v
* t
* e

Seiun Award for Best Dramatic Presentation

1970–2000|

* Charly / The Prisoner (1970)
* UFO (1971)
* The Andromeda Strain (1972)
* A Clockwork Orange (1973)
* Soylent Green (1974)
* Space Battleship Yamato (1975)
* Star (1976)
* Solaris (1978)
* Star Wars (1979)
* Alien (1980)
* The Empire Strikes Back (1981)
* Blade Runner (1983)
* The Dark Crystal (1984)
* Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1985)
* Back to the Future (1986)
* Brazil (1987)
* Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1988)
* My Neighbor Totoro (1989)
* Gunbuster (1990)
* Ginga Uchū Odyssey (1991)
* Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1992)
* Mama wa Shōgaku 4 Nensei (1993)
* Jurassic Park (1994)
* Zeiram 2 (1995)
* Gamera: Guardian of the Universe (1996)
* Gamera 2: Attack of Legion (1997)
* Ultraman Tiga (1998)
* Martian Successor Nadesico: The Motion Picture – Prince of Darkness (1999)
* Cowboy Bebop (2000)

2001–present|

* Gunparade March (2001)
* Kamen Rider Kuuga (2002)
* Voices of a Distant Star (2003)
* The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2004)
* Planetes (2005)
* Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger (2006)
* The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (2007)
* Dennō Coil (2008)
* Macross Frontier (2009)
* Summer Wars (2010)
* District 9 (2011)
* Puella Magi Madoka Magica (2012)
* Bodacious Space Pirates (2013)
* Pacific Rim (2014)
* Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Odyssey of the Celestial Ark (2015)
* Girls und Panzer der Film (2016)
* Shin Godzilla (2017)
* Kemono Friends (2018)
* SSSS.Gridman (2019)
* Astra Lost in Space (2020)
* Ultraman Z (2021)
* Godzilla Singular Point (2022)
* Shin Ultraman (2023)
* Godzilla Minus One (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Yearly highest-grossing films in the United States

Films listed as number-one by in-year release

1970s–1980s|

* Star Wars (1977)
* Grease (1978)
* Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)
* The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
* Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
* E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
* Return of the Jedi (1983)
* Beverly Hills Cop (1984)
* Back to the Future (1985)
* Top Gun (1986)
* Three Men and a Baby (1987)
* Rain Man (1988)
* Batman (1989)

1990s−2000s|

* Home Alone (1990)
* Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
* Aladdin (1992)
* Jurassic Park (1993)
* Forrest Gump (1994)
* Toy Story (1995)
* Independence Day (1996)
* Titanic (1997)
* Saving Private Ryan (1998)
* Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)
* How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
* Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001)
* Spider-Man (2002)
* The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
* Shrek 2 (2004)
* Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
* Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
* Spider-Man 3 (2007)
* The Dark Knight (2008)
* Avatar (2009)

2010s−2020s|

* Toy Story 3 (2010)
* Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011)
* The Avengers (2012)
* The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013)
* American Sniper (2014)
* Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
* Rogue One (2016)
* Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)
* Black Panther (2018)
* Avengers: Endgame (2019)
* Bad Boys for Life (2020)
* Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)
* Top Gun: Maverick (2022)
* Barbie (2023)

List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada

Portals:

* Film
* United States
* Speculative fiction
* Dinosaurs
* Science fiction
* 1990s

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Spain
* Norway
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia

Other|

* IdRef

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template