Kōō

Period of Japanese history (1389–1390)

Part of a series on the

History of Japan

Periods

| Paleolithic| before 14,000 BC

|

Jōmon| 14,000 - 1000 BC

Yayoi

| 1000 BC - 300 AD

Kofun

| 300 AD - 538 AD

Asuka

| 538 - 710

Nara

| 710 - 794

Heian

* Former Nine Years' War
* Later Three-Year War
* Genpei War

| 794-1185

Kamakura

* Jōkyū War
* Mongol invasions
* Genkō War
* Kenmu Restoration

| 1185-1333

Muromachi

* Nanboku-chō period
* Sengoku period

| 1336-1573

Azuchi–Momoyama

* Nanban trade
* Imjin War
* Battle of Sekigahara

| 1573-1603

Edo (Tokugawa)

* Tokugawa shogunate
* Invasion of Ryukyu
* Siege of Osaka
* Sakoku
* Perry Expedition
* Convention of Kanagawa
* Bakumatsu
* Meiji Restoration
* Boshin War

| 1603-1868

Meiji

* Ryūkyū Disposition
* Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
* Satsuma Rebellion
* First Sino-Japanese War
* Treaty of Shimonoseki
* Triple Intervention
* Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
* Colonization of Taiwan
* Boxer Rebellion
* Russo-Japanese War
* Treaty of Portsmouth
* Japan–Korea Treaty
* Colonization of Korea

| 1868-1912

Taishō

* World War I
* Intervention in Siberia
* Great Kantō earthquake

| 1912-1926
Shōwa

* Militarism
* Financial crisis
* Nanking incident
* Mukden Incident
* Invasion of Manchuria
* May 15 incident
* February 26 incident
* Anti-Comintern Pact
* Tripartite Pact
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* World War II
* Attack on Pearl Harbor
* Pacific War
* Atomic bombings
* Soviet–Japanese War
* Surrender of Japan
* Occupation of Japan
* Postwar Japan
* Anpo protests
* Economic miracle
* Asset price bubble

| 1926-1989

Heisei

* Lost Decades
* Great Hanshin earthquake
* Cool Japan
* Tōhoku earthquake
* Imperial transition

| 1989-2019

Reiwa

* COVID-19 pandemic
* Abe assassination

| 2019-present

Topics

* Capital punishment
* Currency
* Earthquakes
* Economy
* Era names
* Education
* Empire
* Foreign relations
* Geography
* Historiography
* Religion
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Islam
* Judaism
* Shinto
* Military
* Naval
* Politics
* Post-war
* Science and technology
* Sports
* World Heritage Sites

* Glossary
* History
* Timeline

* v
* t
* e

Kōō (康応), also romanized as Kō-ō, was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kakei and before Meitoku. This period spanned the years from February 1389 to March 1390.[1] The emperor in Kyoto was Emperor Go-Komatsu (後小松天皇, Go-Komatsu-tennō)[2] The Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was Emperor Go-Kameyama (後亀山天皇, Go-Kameyama-tennō).

## Nanboku-chō overview

[edit]

The Imperial seats during the Nanboku-chō period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as:

* Northern capital : Kyoto
* Southern capital : Yoshino.

This illegitimate Northern Court (北朝, hokuchō) was established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336.[3] Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate were incorporated in Imperial chronologies, even though the Imperial Regalia were never in their possession.[3]

During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court (南朝, nanchō) had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.[3]

## Change of era

[edit]

* 1389, also called Kōō gannen (康応元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Kakei 3.

In this time frame, Genchū (1384–1393) was the Southern Court equivalent nengō.[4]

## Events of the Kōō era

[edit]

* 1389 (Kōō 1): Dissension continues in Toki family in Mino.[5]
* 1389 (Kōō 1): Yoshimitsu pacifies Kyūshū and distributes lands; Yoshimitsu opposed by Kamakura kanrei Ashikaga Ujimitsu.[5]
* 1389 (Kōō 1, 7th month): The udaijin Saioinji Sanetoshi died at the age of 56.[6]
* 1390 (Kōō 2): Kusunoki defeated; Yamana Ujikiyo chastises Tokinaga.[5]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kō-ō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 560; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 317-318.
3. ^ a b c Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology, p. 199 n57, citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan. p. 140-147.
4. ^ Titsingh, p. 317.
5. ^ a b c Ackroyd, Joyce. 1982) Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron", p. 329.
6. ^ Titsingh, p. 318; Mass, Jeffrey P. (2002). The Origins of Japan's Medieval World: Courtiers, Clerics, Warriors, and Peasants in the Fourteenth Century, p. 410.

## References

[edit]

* Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-1485-1
* Mehl, Margaret. (1997). History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan. New York: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-21160-8; OCLC 419870136
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
* Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22854-2; OCLC 47916285
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

## External links

[edit]

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" \-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Preceded by

Kakei

|  Era or nengō
Kōō
1389–1390  | Succeeded by

Meitoku

|
|

* v
* t
* e

Japanese era names (nengō) by period

538–1264

| Asuka| Heian| Heian (cont'd)| Heian (cont'd)| Heian (cont'd)| Heian (cont'd)| Kamakura (cont'd)

|
|
|
|
|
|

| 645–650| Taika

|

650–654| Hakuchi
686–686| Shuchō
701–704| Taihō
704–708| Keiun
708–715| Wadō
Nara
715–717| Reiki
717–724| Yōrō
724–729| Jinki
729–749| Tenpyō
749| Tenpyō-kanpō
749–757| Tenpyō-shōhō
757–765| Tenpyō-hōji
765–767| Tenpyō-jingo
767–770| Jingo-keiun
770–781| Hōki
781–782| Ten'ō
782–806| Enryaku

| 806–810| Daidō

|

810–824| Kōnin
824–834| Tenchō
834–848| Jōwa
848–851| Kashō
851–854| Ninju
854–857| Saikō
857–859| Ten'an
859–877| Jōgan
877–885| Gangyō
885–889| Ninna
889–898| Kanpyō
898–901| Shōtai
901–923| Engi
923–931| Enchō
931–938| Jōhei
938–947| Tengyō
947–957| Tenryaku
957–961| Tentoku
961–964| Ōwa

| 964–968| Kōhō

|

968–970| Anna
970–973| Tenroku
973–976| Ten'en
976–978| Jōgen
978–983| Tengen
983–985| Eikan
985–987| Kanna
987–988| Eien
988–990| Eiso
990–995| Shōryaku
995–999| Chōtoku
999–1004| Chōhō
1004–1012| Kankō
1012–1017| Chōwa
1017–1021| Kannin
1021–1024| Jian
1024–1028| Manju
1028–1037| Chōgen
1037–1040| Chōryaku

| 1040–1044| Chōkyū

|

1044–1046| Kantoku
1046–1053| Eishō
1053–1058| Tengi
1058–1065| Kōhei
1065–1069| Jiryaku
1069–1074| Enkyū
1074–1077| Jōhō
1077–1081| Jōryaku
1081–1084| Eihō
1084–1087| Ōtoku
1087–1094| Kanji
1094–1096| Kahō
1096–1097| Eichō
1097–1099| Jōtoku
1099–1104| Kōwa
1104–1106| Chōji
1106–1108| Kajō
1108–1110| Tennin
1110–1113| Ten'ei

| 1113–1118| Eikyū

|

1118–1120| Gen'ei
1120–1124| Hōan
1124–1126| Tenji
1126–1131| Daiji
1131–1132| Tenshō
1132–1135| Chōshō
1135–1141| Hōen
1141–1142| Eiji
1142–1144| Kōji
1144–1145| Ten'yō
1145–1151| Kyūan
1151–1154| Ninpei
1154–1156| Kyūju
1156–1159| Hōgen
1159–1160| Heiji
1160–1161| Eiryaku
1161–1163| Ōhō
1163–1165| Chōkan
1165–1166| Eiman

| 1166–1169| Nin'an

|

1169–1171| Kaō
1171–1175| Jōan
1175–1177| Angen
1177–1181| Jishō
1181–1182| Yōwa
1182–1184| Juei
1184–1185| Genryaku
Kamakura
1185–1190| Bunji
1190–1199| Kenkyū
1199–1201| Shōji
1201–1204| Kennin
1204–1206| Genkyū
1206–1207| Ken'ei
1207–1211| Jōgen
1211–1213| Kenryaku
1213–1219| Kempo
1219–1222| Jōkyū

| 1222–1224| Jōō

|

1224–1225| Gennin
1225–1227| Karoku
1227–1229| Antei
1229–1232| Kangi
1232–1233| Jōei
1233–1234| Tenpuku
1234–1235| Bunryaku
1235–1238| Katei
1238–1239| Ryakunin
1239–1240| En'ō
1240–1243| Ninji
1243–1247| Kangen
1247–1249| Hōji
1249–1256| Kenchō
1256–1257| Kōgen
1257–1259| Shōka
1259–1260| Shōgen
1260–1261| Bun'ō
1261–1264| Kōchō

1264–present

| Kamakura (cont'd)| Nanboku-chō| Nanboku-chō| Muromachi (cont'd)| Momoyama| Edo (cont'd)| Modern Japan

|
|
|
|
|
|

| 1264–1275| Bun'ei

|

1275–1278| Kenji
1278–1288| Kōan
1288–1293| Shōō
1293–1299| Einin
1299–1302| Shōan
1302–1303| Kengen
1303–1306| Kagen
1306–1308| Tokuji
1308–1311| Enkyō
1311–1312| Ōchō
1312–1317| Shōwa
1317–1319| Bunpō
1319–1321| Gen'ō
1321–1324| Genkō
1324–1326| Shōchū
1326–1329| Karyaku
1329–1331| Gentoku
1331–1334| Genkōa
1332–1333| Shōkyōb

| Northern Court

1334–1338| Kenmu
1338–1342| Ryakuō
1342–1345| Kōei
1345–1350| Jōwa
1350–1352| Kannō
1352–1356| Bunna
1356–1361| Enbun
1361–1362| Kōan
1362–1368| Jōji
1368–1375| Ōan
1375–1379| Eiwa
1379–1381| Kōryaku
1381–1384| Eitoku
1384–1387| Shitoku
1387–1389| Kakei
1389–1390| Kōō
1390–1394| Meitokuc

| Southern Court

1334–1336| Kenmu
1336–1340| Engen
1340–1346| Kōkoku
1346–1370| Shōhei
1370–1372| Kentoku
1372–1375| Bunchū
1375–1381| Tenju
1381–1384| Kōwa
1384–1392| Genchūc
Muromachi
1394–1428| Ōei
1428–1429| Shōchō
1429–1441| Eikyō
1441–1444| Kakitsu
1444–1449| Bun'an
1449–1452| Hōtoku

| 1452–1455| Kyōtoku

|

1455–1457| Kōshō
1457–1460| Chōroku
1460–1466| Kanshō
1466–1467| Bunshō
1467–1469| Ōnin
1469–1487| Bunmei
1487–1489| Chōkyō
1489–1492| Entoku
1492–1501| Meiō
1501–1521| Bunki
1504–1521| Eishō
1521–1528| Daiei
1528–1532| Kyōroku
1532–1555| Tenbun
1555–1558| Kōji
1558–1570| Eiroku
1570–1573| Genki

| 1573–1592| Tenshō

|

1592–1596| Bunroku
1596–1615| Keichō
Edo
1615–1624| Genna
1624–1644| Kan'ei
1644–1648| Shōhō
1648–1652| Keian
1652–1655| Jōō
1655–1658| Meireki
1658–1661| Manji
1661–1673| Kanbun
1673–1681| Enpō
1681–1684| Tenna
1684–1688| Jōkyō
1688–1704| Genroku
1704–1711| Hōei
1711–1716| Shōtoku
1716–1736| Kyōhō

| 1736–1741| Genbun

|

1741–1744| Kanpō
1744–1748| Enkyō
1748–1751| Kan'en
1751–1764| Hōreki
1764–1772| Meiwa
1772–1781| An'ei
1781–1789| Tenmei
1789–1801| Kansei
1801–1804| Kyōwa
1804–1818| Bunka
1818–1830| Bunsei
1830–1844| Tenpō
1844–1848| Kōka
1848–1854| Kaei
1854–1860| Ansei
1860–1861| Man'en
1861–1864| Bunkyū
1864–1865| Genji
1865–1868| Keiō

| 1868–1912| Meiji

|

1912–1926| Taishō
1926–1989| Shōwa
1989–2019| Heisei
2019–present| Reiwa

* a Not recognized by the Northern Court, which retained Gentoku until 1332.
* b Not recognized by the Southern Court.
* c Genchū discontinued upon reunification of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392 and Meitoku retained until 1394.

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template