K. Karunakaran

Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Kerala

K. Karunakaran

Union Minister for Industry[1][2]
In office
11 June 1995 – 16 May 1996
Prime Minister| P. V. Narasimha Rao
Preceded by| Ajit Singh
Succeeded by| Suresh Prabhu
5th Chief Minister of Kerala
In office
24 June 1991 – 16 March 1995
Preceded by| E. K. Nayanar
Succeeded by| A. K. Antony
In office
24 May 1982 – 25 March 1987
Preceded by| President's rule
Succeeded by| E. K. Nayanar
In office
28 December 1981 – 17 March 1982
Preceded by| President's rule
Succeeded by| President's rule
In office
25 March 1977 – 25 April 1977
Preceded by| C. Achutha Menon
Succeeded by| A. K. Antony
Minister of Home Affairs, Government of Kerala[3]
In office
25 September 1971 – 25 March 1977
Chief Minister| C. Achutha Menon
Preceded by| C. Achutha Menon
Succeeded by| K. M. Mani
Leader of Opposition in Kerala Legislative Assembly
In office
26 March 1987 – 17 June 1991
In office
25 January 1980 – 20 October 1981
In office
29 October 1978 – 7 October 1979
In office
6 March 1967 – 1 November 1969
Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly[4]
In office
1967 (1967)–1996 (1996)
Constituency| Mala (7 Terms)
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha[4][5]
In office
1998 (1998)–1999 (1999)
Constituency| Thiruvananthapuram
In office
1999 (1999)–2004 (2004)
Constituency| Mukundapuram
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha[4][5]
In office
1995 (1995)–1997 (1997)
In office
1997 (1997)–1998 (1998)
In office
2004 (2004)–2005 (2005)
Member of the Travancore–Cochin Legislative Assembly[5][6]
In office
1 July 1949 – 23 March 1956
Personal details
Born|

Kannoth Karunakara Marar

(1918-07-05)5 July 1918
Chirakkal, Madras Presidency, British India
(present day Kannur, Kerala, India)
Died| 23 December 2010(2010-12-23) (aged 92)
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Political party| Indian National Congress
Other political
affiliations| Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)
Spouse|

Kalyanikutty Amma

(m. 1954; died 1993)​

Children| K. Muraleedharan
Padmaja Venugopal
Parents|

* Thekkedathu Ravunni Marar
* Kannoth Kalyani Amma

Residence(s)| Kannur, Thrissur, Kerala

As of 2 November, 2007

Source: Government of Kerala

In this Malayali name, the person is referred to by their given name, Karunakaran, and not by their surname, Kannoth.

Kannoth Karunakaran (5 July 1918 - 23 December 2010), was an Indian politician who served as the fifth chief minister of Kerala in 1977, from 1981 to March 1982, from May 1982 to 1987 and from 1991 to 1995. He is the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition, which has been the main opposition in Kerala since 2016[update].[7][8]

Karunakaran was close to former Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi.[7] At the peak of his career in the 1980s and 1990s, he enjoyed considerable access, confidence and control at the All India Congress Committee (AICC), such that he had an important role in helping P. V. Narasimha Rao become Prime Minister of India. He played a crucial role in nurturing and strengthening the INC into a strong political party in Kerala and enjoyed mass support of not just party workers but the entire anti-communist bloc that was active in Kerala.[9] He is also credited with bringing development to multiple sectors in Kerala by spearheading key projects, including Kochi Airport, the country’s first public-private international airport, the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, and Kochi's Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium.[10]

## Personal life[edit]

Karunakaran was born on 5 July 1918 in Chirakkal near Kannur to Thekkedathu Ravunni Marar an Ambalavasi, and his mother was Nair, Kannoth Kalyani Amma. He had two elder brothers, Kannoth Kunjirama Marar and Kannoth Balakrishna Marar; a younger brother, Kannoth Damodara "Appunni" Marar; and a sister, Devaki, who died when Karunakaran was five years old. His father was a record keeper in the erstwhile Malabar District.[citation needed]

During his childhood, Karunakaran was an expert in swimming, painting, football and volleyball. Though he was named Karunakara Marar, he later dropped his caste title, and came to be known just by his given name.[citation needed]

Karunakaran began his education at Vadakara Government Lower Primary School in 1923. Later, he studied in Andallur Government School and Raja's High School near his home in Chirakkal. After graduating high school, he went to Thrissur and enrolled at the fine arts college, where he obtained degrees in painting and mathematics. For treating an eye disorder, he went to his maternal uncle's home in Vellanikkara near Thrissur, along with his elder brother Kunjirama Marar. Later, he married his uncle's daughter Kalyanikkutty Amma in 1954 at Guruvayoor Temple, when he was 36 and she was 30. Their children are Congress politicians K. Muraleedharan and Padmaja Venugopal.

On 3 June 1992, during his last term as Chief Minister, he had a near fatal car accident on his way to Thiruvananthapuram. He recovered after prolonged treatment in both India and the US.[11] In the next year, his wife died following a heart ailment.[12]

## Political career[edit]

Karunakaran in 1977

In 1937, Karunakaran joined the flood relief camps that were conducted by V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan, C. Achutha Menon, R. M. Manakkalath and other leaders of Prajamandalam, an early freedom movement in Kochi. He became a member of the INC and began to wear khadi. He also participated intensively in trade union activities in the vast Thattil rubber estates where his uncle Raghavan Nair was a writer.[citation needed] During this time he used his artistic skills and labour to help the workers' union, which would become the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), with their posters and campaigns. Gradually, he was picked up by Panampilly Govinda Menon as his favourite follower.[citation needed] Eventually, Karunakaran rose to the level of senior leader of the INTUC, which became one of the largest trade unions in India with over 33 million members. He went on to become INC's Thrissur District Committee President, after which he was elected to the Cochin Legislative Assembly twice before the formation of Kerala State. He contested the 1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly elections against trade unionist and ex-INC member Dr. A. R. Menon, going onto to lose by around two thousand votes.[citation needed]

> After a career of both achievements and setbacks in his 30s and most of his 40s, K. Karunakaran was allotted a ticket to contest from a Communist stronghold, Thrissur's Mala constituency, considered a "safe seat" for the Left, in the 1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections. To the astonishment of most political observers, 47-year-old K. Karunakaran defeated the Communist candidate by more than 3000 votes, and went on to represent the constituency in seven successive elections: 1967, 1970, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1987, and 1991.

> — Shashi Tharoor, in an article published on Mathrubhumi online[13]

The VIP pavilion in Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Kaloor, Kochi is named in his honour.[14]

House  | Election  | Constituency  | Result  | Vote margin

|
|
|
|

Kerala Legislative Assembly | 1957 | Thrissur | Lost | 2486
1965 | Mala | Won | 4762
1967 | Won | 364
1970 | Won | 11,053
1977 | Won | 9466
1980 | Won | 3402
1982 | Won | 3410
1982 | Nemom | Won | 3348
1987 | Mala  | Won | 6292
1991 | Won | 2474
Lok Sabha | 1996 | Thrissur | Lost | 1480
1998 | Thiruvananthapuram | Won | 15,398
1999 | Mukundapuram | Won | 52,463

In 1967, when Karunakaran was elected to the State Legislature for the first time, the Congress was at its lowest ebb in the state having been routed in the election with just 9 legislators on its side (less than the 10 percent strength which is now mandatory to be recognized as the official opposition party). The defeat of many veteran leaders paved the way for Karunakaran to take up the mantle of the Leader of Opposition. Karunakaran quickly adapted to the role with his dexterous and Machiavellian capabilities putting the EMS Namboodiripad ministry on its toes despite the massive majority it enjoyed in the assembly.

In 1969, Karunakaran faced a severe setback when the Congress legislature party vertically split, leaving Karunakaran with the support of just 5 MLAs. However, Karunakaran, always a master strategist bided his time and played a crucial role in the overthrow of the Namboodiripad ministry and the subsequent formation of a coalition with the new Chief Minister, C. Achutha Menon. By the mid-term elections, the Congress had recovered significantly under Karunakaran and emerged as the largest party post the elections. Although Karunakaran could have technically staked a claim for Chief Ministership in 1970, he chose not to do so, being aware of Achutha Menon's administrative capabilities and visionary ideas for the state. Instead, he went to become the Home Minister in the cabinet, by virtue of which he was the de-facto deputy in the cabinet

In 1977, following the National Emergency, when the Congress was swept out of power across the nation, Karunakaran led the Congress-coalition government to a landslide victory securing 111 seats in the 1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly elections. However, he had to resign after one month following the controversies that emerged about the Rajan case[15] paving the way for his rival AK Antony to become Chief Minister. Regardless, he emerged as a strong supporter of Indira Gandhi after the emergency.[16]

Political instability continued with Antony, P.K. Vasudevan Nair and C.H. Mohammad Koya all serving as Chief Ministers in the 5th legislative assembly from 1977 to 1979, eventually calling for the need for a fresh mandate from the public. With the CPI, RSP, the Antony-faction and K.M. Mani joining hands with the CPI(M) to form the Left Democratic Front in 1979-80, the residual Congress under Karunakaran was doomed. The newly formed United Democratic Front consisting of the Congress, Muslim League and the Kerala Congress faction led by P.J. Joseph suffered a crushing defeat in the 1980 assembly elections winning a mere 46 seats. Nevertheless, Karunakaran went on to become the Leader of the Opposition.

As in 1969, Karunakaran deftly took advantage of the discord prevailing between the CPI(M) and the Antony-faction, eventually leading to the collapse of the E.K. Nayanar government in October 1981. Subsequently, Karunakaran went onto form his second administration in December 1981, after a brief spell of President's rule. However, he faced a dilemma as both the treasury and opposition benches were tied, thus requiring the Speaker, A.C. Jose to cast his vote to save the government. This went to become a farcical experiment with the speaker casting his vote on occasion eight times to save the government. Eventually, in March 1982, a legislator defected from the treasury benches and the government lost the no-confidence motion.

In the early elections held in May 1982, the UDF under Karunakaran won a narrow but decisive victory securing 77 seats to the LDF's 63. Karunakaran himself contested from two seats, winning from both- his traditional Mala seat as well as Nemom. Karunakaran was sworn in as Chief Minister for the third time and went on to become just the second Chief Minister to serve a full 5 year term in office. Karunakaran was also successful in ensuring the return of 'rebel' leaders such as A.K. Antony, Oommen Chandy and Vayalar Ravi to the Congress.

In March 1987, the Karunakaran administration which had been tainted due to corruption charges, rising communalization and infighting, was brought down from power, with the LDF winning 78 seats, leaving just 61 seats for the UDF. The next four years in opposition saw a virtual tug of war between Karunakaran and Antony serving as the new Leader of Opposition and State Congress President respectively. The Congress and the UDF were in virtual disarray, ceding wide political ground to the Marxists under Chief Minister Nayanar. Following the rout suffered by the UDF in the panchayat elections in 1990-91, Nayanar took the gamble of holding an early assembly election in May 1991 along with the already scheduled parliamentary election. The tragic assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, two days before polling was scheduled to take place completely changed the tide in Kerala. The UDF on the back of a sympathy-wave rode to power, sweeping 90 seats. The Congress itself won 57 seats, its highest tally since 1960. Karunakaran was propelled back to the post of Chief Minister for the fourth and what would be the final time.

His downfall in state politics began with a car accident that happened to him in June 1992. After the accident, he was hospitalized in Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum and was unable to manage the finances and administration of the state government.[17] This became a political crisis when the state government was managed by a kitchen cabinet of Karunakaran's son K. Muraleedharan and his trusted aide and Chief Secretary of the Indian Administrative Service, K. Padmakumar.[18] This was an issue within the state INC as then-Finance Minister and second in command of the ruling coalition Oommen Chandy, belonging to the party's pro-Antony faction, was not given command.[19] By 1993, Karunakaran had recovered and became active in government affairs. During this period, discontent was further aggravated by bringing K. M. Mani into the foray when a split occurred between Kerala Congress and Kerala Congress (Jacob).[20] Meanwhile a revisionist (Malayalam: തിരുത്തൽവാദി, romanized: thiruthalvadi) group emerged within Karunakaran's INC faction led by G. Karthikeyan, Ramesh Chennithala and M. I. Shanavas against his authoritarian tendencies and proxy rule by his son.[21] The situation intensified into an intra-party revolt when M. A. Kuttappan, nominated by the state INC as a Rajya Sabha nominee, was denied candidacy by party leadership, which Karunakaran had considerable influence over.[22] The difference of opinion that emerged between Chandy and Karunakaran became public and vociferous with Chandy threatening to resign and giving speeches against Karunakaran.[23] By the end of 1994, the ISRO espionage case emerged and the case led to political tensions when the Kerala High Court made remarks against then-Inspector General of the Kerala Police and Karunakaran ally Raman Srivastava.[22][24] Thereafter the dissidence in the party grew into a full-scale crisis, with the Antony faction threatening to withdraw their support from the government, and G. K. Moopanar arriving on behalf of P. V. Narasimha Rao to insist that Karunakaran resign.[25] Eventually, Karunakaran was forced to step down from the post of Chief Minister on 16th March 1995 in favour of his bête-noire, A.K. Antony. He was also compelled to relinquish the post of the Leader of the Congress Legislature Party (CLP) which he had been holding since 1967- the longest tenure of any Congress leader in that post in any state in the country. It was tragic for Karunakaran that the ISRO case later emerged as a conspiracy case which was manipulated by his rivals to oust him.

Subsequently, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha and served as the Union Minister for Industries under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao from June 1995 to May 1996. His foray into national politics was much less successful with Karunakaran suffering a shock defeat in his maiden parliamentary outing from his stronghold of Thrissur by a wafer-thin margin of 1,480 votes. He might have well become the next Congress Parliamentary Party Leader had he been elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996. He squarely went to blame Antony and his supporters for engineering his defeat and causing his downfall.

Although Karunakaran went to get elected to the Lok Sabha in 1998 and 1999 from Trivandrum and Mukundapuram respectively, he failed to rise to the top echelons of the party. Confined to state politics, he emerged as a thorn for Antony and resisted Antony's elevation to Chief Ministership following the landslide victory of the UDF in 2001. He subsequently raised the banner of revolt on multiple occasions and tried to topple Antony, despite his son K. Muraleedharan becoming the new State Congress President, Eventually, Antony was compelled to appoint Muraleedharan as a Minister and Padmaja Venugopal, Karunakaran's daughter as the Congress candidate from Karunakaran's constituency. Both Muraleedharan and Padmaja were defeated in Congress bastions by landslide margins, along with the other UDF candidates, tarnishing both Antony and Karunakaran in the process. The subsequent resignation of Antony and the installation of Oommen Chandy as Chief Minister only increased tensions, leading to Karunakaran walking out of the Congress in 2005.

The Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran) (DIC(K)) party was founded at a meeting of Karunakuran's INC faction in Thrissur on 1 May 2005. Initially it was called National Congress (Indira), but the name was changed to DIC(K) for registration purposes in August 2005. Karunakaran rejoined the INC on 11 December 2007.

## Death[edit]

Karunakaran died on 23 December 2010, aged 92, at Ananthapuri Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram. He had had respiratory problems, a fever and other age related diseases and had been hospitalized since 21 October 2010. His condition worsened following a stroke and he died following cardiac arrest, as declared by doctors at 5:30 PM. It was coincidental that his and P. V. Narasimha Rao's deaths were on same date, Rao having died six years earlier. Karunakaran had played a key role in backing the Rao government and later Rao had dismissed him from the chair of Chief Minister of Kerala.[26][27] His funeral was attended by the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and the AICC chief Sonia Gandhi. He was cremated with full state honors at his residence in Punkunnam, Thrissur.[28]

## Controversies[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

K. Karunakaran was the home minister of Kerala during the Emergency period and decimated the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in Kerala.[29] After the Emergency, the Rajan case rocked Kerala politics and Karunakaran was forced to step down as the case attracted national attention.[15] A habeas corpus petition was filed by T. V. Eachara Warrier asking the state government to produce his son Rajan (a student of the Regional Engineering College, Calicut who had actively participated in protests against the Emergency) in court. Rajan was allegedly killed by the police at the Kakkayam police torture camp and his body disposed of. The legal battle led by his father became one of the most remembered human rights fights in the state and diminished Karunakaran's popularity.[30]

Karunakaran was accused of involvement in the Palmolein Oil Import Scam, about which a case was pending before the Supreme Court at the time of his death.[citation needed] The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) who finally investigated the case mentioned in 2013 that no case can be made against the officials and that there was no loss to the state government,[31] and the case was withdrawn.

He was forced to resign due to allegations that his subordinate, senior Indian Police Service officer Raman Srivastava, was involved in the ISRO espionage scandal.[32][33]

## See also[edit]

* Chief Ministers of Kerala
* Kerala Ministers
* Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)
* Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee

## References[edit]

1. ^ Babu, Sathish (18 October 2014). "K. KARUNAKARAN". Prominent Indian Personalities. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
2. ^ "Former Kerala Chief Minister Karunakaran passes away". The Hindu. 24 December 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
3. ^ "KERALA's FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY". Information & Public Relations Department. Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
4. ^ a b c "Shri K. Karunakaran and Mala". mala.co.in. Mala.co.in. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
5. ^ a b c d "K. Karunakaran". niyamasabha.org. Information System Section, Kerala Legislative Assembly, Thiruvananthapuram. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
6. ^ a b c "KERALA NIYAMASABHA: K.KARUNAKARAN". stateofkerala.in. stateofkerala.in. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
7. ^ a b "Who was K Karunakaran?". Press Trust of India. NDTV. 23 December 2010. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
8. ^ "As it happened: TMC, AIADMK retain power; BJP takes Assam, Left Kerala". Hindustan Times. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
9. ^ "Former Kerala Chief Minister Karunakaran passes away". The Hindu. 23 December 2010. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
10. ^ "Karunakaran: A titan of Kerala politics". Deccan Herald. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
11. ^ Praveen, M. p (23 December 2015). "Leader's aide takes ride down memory lane". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
12. ^ KRISHNAKUMAR, R. (27 January 2011). "Crafty patriarch". Frontline. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
13. ^ "One and only 'Leader', K. Karunakaran". 23 December 2020.
14. ^ "Karunakaran Pavilion". The Times of India. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
15. ^ a b Rajshri Pant (8 August 2014). "Rajan case: Kerala CM Karunakaran resigns". India Today. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
16. ^ "Veteran Congress Leader Karunakaran Dead". Outlook (India). Retrieved 27 April 2021.
17. ^ T. N. GOPAKUMAR (2 January 2013). "Kerala Chief Minister Karunakaran's road mishap cripples state". India Today. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
18. ^ T. N. GOPAKUMAR (4 January 2013). "Karunakaran rules Kerala from bed as he recovers from his June 3 accident". India Today. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
19. ^ Kochukudy, Anand. "How the ISRO espionage scandal brought a CM down". Newslaundry. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
20. ^ Menon, Girish (31 October 2011). "Instinctive politician, avid legislator". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
21. ^ T. N. GOPAKUMAR (15 September 1993). "Dissidents raise banner of revolt against K. Karunakaran again". India Today. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
22. ^ a b Rajiv G. (3 February 2016). "Karunakaran did not resign on Isro spy case: Oommen Chandy". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
23. ^ "Chandy sang a different tune in 1995, says VS". The Hindu. 25 July 2013. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
24. ^ "ISRO spy case: KPCC president MM Hassan makes major revelation on removal of K Karunakaran as Kerala Chief Minister". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
25. ^ "A K Antony was against Karunakaran's ouster, says KPCC president". The Economic Times. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
26. ^ Karunakaran passes away. The Hindu. Retrieved on 23 December 2010
27. ^ Joe A Scaria (23 December 2010). "Karunakaran passes away, bringing curtains down on era in Kerala politics". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
28. ^ "Karunakaran cremated with state honours". The Hindu. 25 December 2010. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
29. ^ "The man who stopped Naxalism's spread in Kerala". The New Indian Express. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
30. ^ "Remembering Rajan, the Innocent Victim of Brutal Emergency Excesses". The Wire. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
31. ^ "Kerala government withdraws palmolein case". The Hindu. 24 September 2013. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
32. ^ "How the ISRO espionage scandal brought a CM down". Newslaundry. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
33. ^ "Only my father Karunakaran didn't get justice in ISRO spy case: K Muraleedharan on Nambi Narayanan". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2021.

## Further reading[edit]

* Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF), Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature, 2018
* K. Karunakaran, a biography by Vrindavanam Venugopalan, published by Islamiya Books in Aluva in 1992.

## External links[edit]

* The Hindu on Karunakaran
* News of Death of Karunakaran
* Reporter TV report on Karunakaran on YouTube[dead link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to K. Karunakaran.

Political offices

Preceded by

C. Achutha Menon

|  Chief Minister of Kerala
1977  | Succeeded by

A. K. Antony

Preceded by

E.K. Nayanar

|  Chief Minister of Kerala
1981–1987  | Succeeded by

E.K. Nayanar

Preceded by

E.K. Nayanar

|  Chief Minister of Kerala
1991–1995  | Succeeded by

A. K. Antony

* v
* t
* e

Chief Ministers of Kerala

Travancore|

* P. G. N. Unnithan
* Pattom A. Thanu Pillai
* Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai

Cochin|

* Panampilly Govinda Menon
* T. K. Nair
* E. Ikkanda Warrier

Travancore-Cochin|

* Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai
* C. Kesavan
* A. J. John
* Pattom A. Thanu Pillai
* Panampilly Govinda Menon

Kerala|

* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* Pattom A. Thanu Pillai
* R. Sankar
* C. Achutha Menon
* K. Karunakaran
* A. K. Antony
* P. K. Vasudevan Nair
* C. H. Mohammed Koya
* E. K. Nayanar
* Oommen Chandy
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* Pinarayi Vijayan

* v
* t
* e

Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)

Department

Commerce|

| Divisions|

* Administrative & General Division
* Finance Division
* Economic Division
* Trade Policy Division
* Foreign Trade
* Territorial Division
* Plantation Division
* Supply Division
* State Trading & Infrastructure Division

|

Attached &
Subordinate Offices|

* Directorate General of Foreign Trade
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* Directorate General of Anti-Dumping & Allied Duties (DGAD)
* Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Kolkata
* Special Economic Zones
* Pay & Account Office (Supply, Commerce & Textiles)

Autonomous Bodies|

* Commodity Boards
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* National Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (NaCSA)
* Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA)
* Network for Fish Quality Management & Sustainable Fishing (NETFISH)

PSUs|

* State Trading Corporation (STC)
* PEC Limited
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Advisory Bodies|

* Board of Trade (BOT)
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Export
Promotion Councils|

* Engineering Exports Promotion Council
* Project Export Promotion Council of India (PEPC)
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* Chemicals & Allied Products Export Promotion Council (CAPEXIL)
* Council for Leather Exports
* Sports Goods Export Promotion Council
* Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council
* Shellac Export Promotion Council
* Cashew Export Promotion Council of India
* Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council
* The Plastics Export Promotion Council
* Indian Oil Seeds & Produce Export Promotion Council (IOPEPC)
* Services Export Promotion Council

Other Organisations|

* Federation of Indian Export Organisations
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* Price Stabilization Fund Trust

DPIIT|

| Statutory Bodies|

* Intellectual Property Appellate Board
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|

Autonomous
Institutions|

* National Council for Cement & Building Materials (NCCBM)
* Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association (IRMRA)
* National Institute of Design
* National Productivity Council (NPC)
* Quality Council of India
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* Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute (CPPRI)

Attached &
Subordinate offices|

* Grievance Offices
* Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks
* Office of Chief Controller of Accounts (Disclosure of Central Government Accounting Data)
* Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Intellectual Property Management (NIIPM)
* Principal Account Office
* Office of Technical Adviser (Boilers)
* Tariff Commission
* Office of the Salt Commissioner
* Office of the Economic Adviser
* National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
* Office of Chief Controller of Accounts

Secretaries|

* Guruprasad Mohapatra(incumbent)

Ministers|

| Industry|

* Syama Prasad Mukherjee
* Harekrushna Mahtab
* Nityanand Kanungo
* Ram Subhag Singh
* H. C. Dasappa
* Tribhuvan Narain Singh
* Damodaram Sanjivayya
* F. A. Ahmed(Industrial Development)
* Dinesh Singh (Industrial Development & Internal Trade)
* Moinul Hoque Choudhury(Industrial Development)
* C Subramaniam(Industrial Development)
* T. A. Pai(Industry)
* Brij Lal Verma
* George Fernandes
* Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
* T. A. Pai
* N. D. Tiwari
* Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy
* Veerendra Patil
* N. D. Tiwari
* J. Vengala Rao
* K. Karunakaran
* Suresh Prabhu
* Murasoli Maran
* Sikandar Bakht

|

Commerce|

* I. I. Chundrigar
* Cooverji Hormusji Bhabha (Commerce)
* Kshitish Chandra Neogy (Commerce)
* Jawaharlal Nehru(Commerce & Industry)
* Sri Prakasa (Commerce)
* Harekrushna Mahtab (Commerce & Industry)
* T T Krishnamachari (Commerce & Industry)
* Swaran Singh
* Morarji Desai (Commerce & Industry)
* Lal Bahadur Shastri(Commerce & Industry)
* KC Reddy (Commerce & Industry)
* Manubhai Shah (As MoS till 24 January 1966)(Commerce)'
* Dinesh Singh(Commerce)
* Bali Ram Bhagat(Foreign Trade & Supply)
* Dinesh Singh(Commerce)
* Lalit Narayan Mishra(MoS)
* D. P. Chattopadhyay(Commerce)(as MoS till 23 December 1976)'
* Morarji Desai(Commerce)
* Mohan Dharia(Commerce)
* Charan Singh(Commerce)
* Hitendra Desai(Commerce)
* Indira Gandhi
* Pranab Mukherjee(Commerce)
* Pranab Mukherjee(Commerce)
* Rajiv Gandhi
* Arjun Singh
* P Shiv Shankar (Commerce)
* N. D. Tiwari (Commerce)
* Dinesh Singh(Commerce & Industry)
* Chandra Shekhar (Commerce)
* Subramanian Swamy (Commerce)
* P Chidambaram(MoS, IC) (Commerce)
* P. V. Narasimha Rao
* P Chidambaram (MoS, IC) (Commerce)
* P. V. Narasimha Rao
* Atal Bihari Vajpayee
* Atal Bihari Vajpayee
* Devendra Prasad Yadav(Commerce)
* Bolla Bulli Ramaiah(Commerce)
* Ramakrishna Hegde(Commerce)
* Murasoli Maran(Commerce & Industry)
* Anand Sharma(Commerce & Industry)
* Nirmala Sitharaman(Commerce & Industry)'(MoS, IC)'
* Suresh Prabhu(Commerce & Industry)
* Piyush Goyal(Commerce and Industry)(incumbent)

MOS|

* Hardeep Singh Puri(incumbent)

* v
* t
* e

United Democratic Front (Kerala)

Members|

| National Party|

* Indian National Congress

|

State Parties|

* Indian Union Muslim League
* Kerala Congress
* Revolutionary Socialist Party

Registered Unrecognised Parties|

* All India Forward Bloc
* Bharatiya National Janata Dal
* Communist Marxist Party (John)
* Kerala Congress (Jacob)
* Nationalist Congress Kerala

Conveners|

* P. J. Joseph (1980-82)
* Oommen Chandy (1982-85, 2001-04)
* K. Sankaranarayanan (1985-2001)
* P. P. Thankachan (2004-18)
* Benny Behanan (2018-20)
* M. M. Hassan (2020-Incumbent)

Leaders|

| Congress (various)|

* K. Karunakaran
* A. K. Antony
* Oommen Chandy
* K. Sudhakaran
* V. D. Satheesan
* Ramesh Chennithala
* Shashi Tharoor
* K. Muraleedharan
* K. R. Narayanan
* Mullappally Ramachandran
* P. J. Kurien
* K. Sankaranarayanan
* P. P. Thankachan
* V. M. Sudheeran
* M. M. Hassan
* Vayalar Ravi
* K. C. Venugopal

|

Indian Union Muslim League|

* C. H. Mohammed Koya
* K. Avukader Kutty Naha
* E. Ahamed
* P. K. Kunhalikutty
* E. T. Mohammed Basheer

Kerala Congress (various)|

* K. M. Mani
* P. J. Joseph
* T. M. Jacob
* R. Balakrishna Pillai

Left-parties|

* M. V. Raghavan
* K. R. Gouri Amma
* N. K. Premachandran
* Shibu Baby John
* A. A. Aziz
* C. P. John
* Mani C. Kappan

In Government|

* 1981–87 (K. Karunakaran)
* 1991–96 (K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony)
* 2001–2006 (A. K. Antony and Oommen Chandy)
* 2011–16 (Oommen Chandy)

Kerala Chief Ministers|

* K. Karunakaran (1981–82, 1982–1987, 1991–95)
* A. K. Antony (1995–96, 2001–04)
* Oommen Chandy (2004–06, 2011–16)

| Kerala Deputy Chief Ministers|

* C. H. Mohammed Koya (1981–83)
* K. Avukader Kutty Naha (1983-87)

|

Ministries|

* Second Karunakaran ministry (1981-82)
* Third Karunakaran ministry (1982-87)
* Fourth Karunakaran ministry (1991-95)
* Second Antony ministry (1995-96)
* Third Antony ministry (2001-04)
* First Chandy ministry (2004-06)
* Second Chandy ministry (2011-16)

* v
* t
* e

Members of the 13th Lok Sabha from Kerala State

GE 1999|

1. T. Govindan
2. A. P. Abdullakutty
3. A. K. Premajam
4. K. Muraleedharan
5. E. Ahamed
6. G. M. Banatwala
7. N. N. Krishnadas
8. S. Ajaya Kumar
9. A. C. Jose
10. K. Karunakaran
11. George Eden
12. P. C. Thomas
13. K. Suresh Kurup
14. K. Francis George
15. V. M. Sudheeran
16. Ramesh Chennithala
17. Kodikunnil Suresh
18. P. Rajendran
19. Varkala Radhakrishnan
20. V. S. Sivakumar

12th LS members

14th LS members

Members of the 13th Lok Sabha from

States

Union territories

* v
* t
* e

Members of the 12th Lok Sabha from Kerala State

GE 1998|

1. T. Govindan
2. Mullappally Ramachandran
3. A. K. Premajam
4. P. Sankaran
5. E. Ahamed
6. G. M. Banatwala
7. N. N. Krishnadas
8. S. Ajaya Kumar
9. V. V. Raghavan
10. A. C. Jose
11. George Eden
12. P. C. Thomas
13. K. Suresh Kurup
14. P. C. Chacko
15. V. M. Sudheeran
16. P. J. Kurien
17. Chengara Surendran
18. N. K. Premachandran
19. Varkala Radhakrishnan
20. K. Karunakaran

11th LS members

13th LS members

Members of the 12th Lok Sabha from

States

Union territories

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States

*[m.]: married
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