Kabalian language

Language spoken in San Juan, Philippines

Kinabalian

Cabalianon, Kinabalianon, Binisaja nga Kabalianon
Kinabalian
Native to| Philippines
Region| San Juan, Southern Leyte

Native speakers

| 14,000 (2009)[1]

Language family

Austronesian

* Malayo-Polynesian
* Philippine
* Greater Central Philippine
* Central Philippine
* Bisayan
* Central Bisayan
* Kinabalian

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `cbw`
Glottolog| `kina1252`

The Kabalian (Cabalian) language, Kinabalian, is spoken in the municipality of San Juan in the province of Southern Leyte in the Philippines. It is closely related to Waray-Waray.

Native speakers refer to the language as Cabalianon or Kinabalianon. This language shares certain characteristics with Cebuano, Boholano, and Surigaonon mainly because of the seafaring livelihood of pre-Hispanic inhabitants of Cabalian, documented by Spanish explorers. Waray did not make inroads into the southern portion of Leyte because of the mountains separating the north and south portions of the island. This is coherent under the principle of mountains divide; seas unite in the spread of Philippine languages.

The heaviest influence on Cabalianon is Surigaonon, owing to the contact between Cabalian and Surigao in the early Spanish period. Cabalianons, as well as the natives of Sogod, regularly travelled to Surigao and Butuan to obtain gold, a fact recorded by the Augustinian Friar Agustín María de Castro in the Osario venerable.

Kabalian (la) is spoken in six villages in San Juan (Cabalian) town, Southern Leyte Province. These barangays are located in the eastern portion of the town. The predominance of Cabalianon in this side of the town is because migrants from Cebu and Bohol settled in the western portion of the town, particularly Pong-oy, as well as in Himatagon, the business hub of Saint Bernard, formerly a part of Cabalian, resulting in the gradual disappearance of the language in these parts.

Although Kabalian is a Warayan language, it has mixed elements of Boholano, Cebuano and Surigaonon, a similar pattern which is also found in Baybayanon. However, Kabalian is not mutually intelligible with either Waray-Waray, Boholano, Cebuano or Surigaonon. Kabalian speakers do not ethnically or linguistically identify themselves with speakers of either of these languages.

## Vocabulary

[edit]

English | Tagalog | Cebuano | Southern Leyteño | Waray | Kabalian

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dog | aso | irô | irô | ido, ayam | idò
cat | pusà | iríng | iríng | uding | idíng
house | bahay | baláy | ba:ay | balay | bayáy
fire | apóy | kaláyo | kajo | kalayo | kayajo
man | lalaki | laláki | laki | lalaki | layaki
woman | babae | babáye | baji | babaye | babaji
say | sabi | ingón | ingon | siring | laong
this | ito | kirí/kiní | kiri/kari | ini | ini
that | iyan | kanâ/kadtó | kara | iton | iton/jaon
hungry | gutom | gútom | gutom | gutom | gusla
like this/that | ganito/ganyan | ingon ani/ana | ingon ani/ana | hini/hiton | sama sini/sama jaon; sama siton; samahon
to borrow | hiram | hulam | huwam | huram | huyam
cooked rice | kanin | kan-on | kan-on | kan-on | lutó

## Interrogatives

[edit]

* Sin-o? Who?
* Kanin-o? To whom?
* Uno? What?
* Giuno? How? (past)
* Unhon/unohon? How? (future)
* Haman? Where? (for person or object)
* Ngain? Where? (for place)
* Diin? Where? (for directions or origin)
* Kanus-a? When?
* Ngaman? Why?
* Amo baja? Really?
* Tagpila? How much?

Haman, ngain, and diin mean 'where'. They have distinct uses in Kabalianon.

Haman is used when asking about a person or object.

* Haman si Papa? (Where is Papa?)
* Haman gibutang an gunting? (Where was the scissor put?)

Ngain is used when asking about a place.

* Ngain man (ki)ta mularga? (Where are we going to?)
* Ngain man kaw pasingud? (Where are you going?)

Diin is used when asking about directions or origin.

* Diin man ini dapita? (Where is this place?)
* Taga Diin man kaw? (Where are you from?)
* Diin man kaw gikan? (Where were you?)

## Phrases and vocabulary

[edit]

* Kumusta! (Hello)
* Maajong buntag (Good morning)
* Maajong udto (Good noon)
* Maajong hapon (Good afternoon)
* Maajong gabii (Good evening or good night)
* Maajong adlaw (Good day)
* Ajoajo (Goodbye)
* Pag-amping (Take care)
* Salamat (Thank you)
* Ajaw (Don't)
* Waya (Nothing)
* Dili (No)
* Oo (Yes)
* Baga(n) (Maybe)
* Bayu (I don't know)

## Comparison between Cabalianon, Surigaonon, Cebuano, and Waray

[edit]

English  | Cebuano  | Waray  | Surigaonon  | Cabalianon

|
|
|
|

What is your name?  | Unsa ang imong ngalan? | Ano it imo ngaran? | Omay imo ngayan? | Uno may (=Umay) imo ngayan? Sin-o may (=Simay) imo ngayan?
My name is Juan.  | Ang ngalan nako (kay) Juan. | An akon ngaran Juan. | An ako ngayan Juan. | An ako ngayan Juan.
How are you?  | Kumusta ka? | Kumusta ka? | Kumusta kaw? | Kumusta kaw?
I am fine, too.  | Maayo da/ra usab. | Maupay la gihap. | Marajaw da/ra i-/sab ako. | Maajo da/ra i-/sab/-sad.
Where is Pedro?  | Hain/asa man (=Haman) si Pedro? | Hain hi Pedro? | Haman si Pedro? | Hai/-n man (=Haman) si Pedro?
He is at home.  | Tua siya sa balay. | Adto hiya ha balay. | Jadto sija sa bayay. | Adto sija sa bayay.
Thank you  | Salamat | Salamat | Salamat | Salamat
I am staying at _____. / I live at ______.  | Nagpuyo ko sa _____. | Naukoy ako ha ______. | Naghuya aku sa _____. | Nagpujo/Naghunong ko sa ______.
I am here at the house.  | Dia ko sa balay. | Adi ako ha balay. | Jari ako sa bayay. | Ari a-/ko sa bayay.
I am hungry.  | Gigutom ko. | Nagugutom ak/-o. | Taggutom ako. | Gigutom a-/ko. More commonly: Gigusla ko.
He is there, at school.  | Tua siya sa iskwelahan. | Adto hiya ha iskwelahan. | Jadto sija sa iskuylahan. | Adto sija sa iskuylahan.
Now  | Karon | Yana | Kuman | Kuman
Later  | Unya | Niyan | Ngaj-an | Ngaj-an
What day is today?  | Unsa nga adlaw karon? | Ano nga adlaw yana? | Oman na adlaw kuman? | Uno man (=Uman) adlawa kuman?
What day will you leave?  | Unsa nga adlaw ka molarga? | Ano nga adlaw ka malarga? | Unu na adlaw kaw mularga? Or: Kun-o kaw mularga? | Uno man (=Uman) adlawa kaw molarga?
My walk last Saturday.  | Ang lakaw nako kaniadtong sabado. | An akon lakat hadton sabado. | An ako panaw adton sabado. | An ako panaw sadton sabado.
When did they eat?  | Kanus-a sila mikaon? | Kakan-o hira kumaon? | Kagan-o sila nangaon | Kanus-a sila nangaon?
When did you arrive?  | Kanus-a ka miabot? | Kakan-o ka umabot? | Kagan-o man kaw nin-abot? | Kanus-a man kaw noabot
When are you going to school?  | Kanus-a ka moadto sa iskwelahan? | San-o ka makadto ha iskwelahan? | Kun-o man kaw mukadto sa iskuylahan? | Kanus-a man kaw mokadto sa iskuylahan?
Where are you going?  | Asa ka paingon/padulong? | Makain ka? | Haman kaw pasingud? Or: Haman kaw mukadto? | Hai/n man (=Haman) kaw pasingod? Or: Ngain kaw singod?
Who is that person?  | Kinsa na nga tawo? | Hin-o iton hiya? | Siman jaon? Or: Siman jaon sija? | Sin-o man (=Siman) ton tawhana? Or: Sin-o man (=Siman) jaon?
Who own this shirt?  | Kang kinsa (=Kansa) kini nga sinina? | Kan kanay ini nga bado? | Kanin-o ini baro? | Kanin-o man (=Kaman) ini sininaa?
Where is mother?  | Asa/Hain si nanay? | Hain hi nanay? | Haman si nanay? | Hai/-n man (=Haman) si nanay?
When were you born?  | Kanus-a ka gipanganak/natawo? | Kakan-o ka gin-anak/natawo? | Kagan-o man kaw tag-anak/natawo? | Kanus-a man kaw gipanganak/natawo?
Why are you crying?  | Ngano nga nagahilak ka? | Kay ano nga nagtatangis/nagtutu-ok ka? | Oman nagtuwaw man kaw? | Ngano man (=Ngaman) nagtuwaw man kaw?
How do you sleep?  | Unsaon man nimo pagkatulog? | Aanhon man nimo pagkaturog? | Unhon man nimo pagkatuyog? | Unhon man nimo pagkatuyog?

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Kinabalian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

* v
* t
* e

Bisayan languages

Asi|

* Asi

Cebuan|

* Cebuano
* Boholano
* Old Cebuano

Central|

* Romblomanon

Warayan|

* Baybayanon
* Kinabalian
* Waray
* South Sorsogon (Gubat)

Peripheral|

* Bantayanon
* Capiznon
* Hiligaynon
* Porohanon
* Masbateño
* North Sorsogon (Masbate)

West|

* Aklanon
* Caluyanon
* Kinaray-a
* Onhan

Kuyan|

* Cuyonon
* Ratagnon

South|

* Surigaonon

Butuan-Tausug|

* Butuanon
* Tausug

(unclassified)|

* Karolanos
* Magahat

See also: Visayan peoples

* v
* t
* e

Philippine languages

Batanic (Bashiic)|

* Itbayat
* Ivatan
* Yami

Bilic|

* Blaan
* Tboli
* Teduray

Central Luzon|

* Hatang Kayi (Remontado)
* Kapampangan

Sambalic|

* Abellen
* Ambala
* Bolinao
* Botolan
* Mag-antsi
* Mag-indi
* Mariveleño
* Sambal

Greater Central
Philippine|

| Central Philippine|

| Bikol|

* Albay Bikol
* Central Bikol
* Isarog Agta
* Mount Iraya Agta
* Mount Iriga Agta
* Pandan Bikol
* Rinconada

|

Bisayan|

* Aklanon
* Asi
* Bantayanon
* Baybay
* Butuanon
* Caluyanon
* Capiznon
* Cebuano
* Boholano
* Old Cebuano †
* Cuyonon
* Hiligaynon
* Kabalian
* Karay-a
* Karolanos
* Magahat
* Masbateño
* Northern Sorsogon
* Onhan
* Porohanon
* Ratagnon
* Romblomanon
* Southern Sorsogon
* Sulod
* Surigaonon
* Tausug
* Waray

Mansakan|

* Davawenyo
* Kalagan
* Kamayo
* Mamanwa
* Mandaya
* Mansaka

Tagalogic|

* Kasiguranin
* Tagalog
* Old Tagalog †
* Batangueño
* Filipino

(unclassified)|

* Ata †

Danao|

* Iranun
* Maguindanao
* Maranao

Gorontalo–Mongondow|

* Bintauna
* Bolango
* Buol
* Gorontalo
* Kaidipang
* Lolak
* Mongondow
* Ponosakan
* Suwawa

Manobo|

* Agusan
* Ata Manobo
* Binukid
* Cotabato Manobo
* Higaonon
* Ilianen
* Kagayanen
* Kamigin
* Matigsalug
* Obo
* Sarangani
* Tagabawa
* Western Bukidnon

Palawanic|

* Aborlan Tagbanwa
* Batak
* Central Tagbanwa
* Palawano
* Taawʼt Bato

Southern Mindoro|

* Buhid
* Hanunoo
* Tawbuid

Subanen|

* Western Subanon

Kalamian|

* Agutaynen
* Calamian Tagbanwa

Minahasan|

* Tombulu
* Tondano
* Tonsawang
* Tonsea
* Tontemboan

Northern Luzon|

* Arta
* Dicamay Agta †
* Ilocano

Cagayan Valley|

* Atta
* Cagayan Agta
* Gaʼdang
* Gaddang
* Ibanag
* Isnag
* Itawis
* Yogad

Meso-Cordilleran|

* Northern Alta
* Southern Alta

Central Cordilleran|

* Balangao
* Bontoc
* Ifugao
* Isinai
* Itneg
* Kalinga
* Kankanaey
* Tuwali

Southern Cordilleran|

* Bugkalot
* Ibaloi
* Iwaak
* Kalanguya
* Karao
* Pangasinan

Northern Mindoro|

* Alangan
* Iraya
* Tadyawan

Sangiric|

* Bantik
* Ratahan
* Sangir
* Talaud

Other branches|

* Ati
* Klata
* Umiray Dumaget

Manide–Alabat|

* Inagta Alabat
* Manide
* ?Katabangan †

Reconstructed|

Proto-Philippine †

* † indicates extinct status
* ? indicates classification dispute

* v
* t
* e

Languages of the Philippines

Official languages|

* Filipino
* English

Regional languages|

* Bikol
* Cebuano
* Chavacano
* Hiligaynon
* Ibanag
* Ilocano
* Kapampangan
* Karay-a
* Maguindanao
* Maranao
* Pangasinan
* Tagalog
* Waray

Indigenous languages
(by region)|

| Bangsamoro|

* Iranun
* Pangutaran Sama
* Sama
* Tausug
* Yakan

|

Bicol Region|

* Albay Bikol
* Inagta Partido
* Manide
* Masbateño
* Mount Iraya Agta
* Mount Iriga Agta
* Northern Sorsogon
* Pandan Bikol
* Rinconada Bikol
* Southern Catanduanes Bikol
* Southern Sorsogon

Cagayan Valley|

* Arta
* Atta
* Bugkalot
* Central Cagayan Agta
* Dinapigue Agta
* Dupaningan Agta
* Gaddang
* Isinai
* Itawis
* Itbayat
* Ivatan
* Kalanguya
* Karao
* Malaweg
* Nagtipunan Agta
* Paranan Agta
* Paranan
* Yogad

Calabarzon|

* Inagta Alabat
* Manide
* Hatang Kayi (Remontado)
* Southern Alta
* Umiray Dumaget

Caraga|

* Agusan
* Ata Manobo
* Butuanon
* Higaonon
* Kamayo
* Mamanwa
* Surigaonon

Central Luzon|

* Abellen
* Ambala
* Antsi
* Botolan
* Casiguran Dumagat Agta
* Indi
* Kasiguranin
* Mariveleño
* Northern Alta
* Sambal
* Southern Alta
* Umiray Dumaget

Central Visayas|

* Bantayanon
* Eskayan
* Karolanos
* Magahat
* Porohanon

Cordillera|

* Atta
* Balangao
* Bontoc
* Ga'dang
* Ibaloi
* Ifugao
* Isnag
* Itawis
* Itneg
* Iwaak
* Kalanguya
* Kalinga
* Kankanaey
* Malaweg
* Tuwali

Davao Region|

* Blaan
* Davaoeño
* Kalagan
* Klata
* Mandaya
* Mansaka
* Obo
* Sangirese
* Sarangani
* Tagabawa

Eastern Visayas|

* Abaknon
* Baybay
* Kabalian

Ilocos Region|

* Bolinao

Metro Manila|

* Taglish

Mimaropa|

* Agutaynen
* Alangan
* Asi
* Batak
* Buhid
* Calamian Tagbanwa
* Central Tagbanwa
* Cuyonon
* Hanunoo
* Iraya
* Kagayanen
* Molbog
* Onhan
* Palawano
* Ratagnon
* Romblomanon
* Tadyawan
* Tawbuid

Northern Mindanao|

* Bukid
* Higaonon
* Ilianen
* Iranun
* Kamigin
* Matigsalug
* Subanen
* Western Bukidnon

Soccsksargen|

* Blaan
* Cotabato Manobo
* Ilianen
* Iranun
* Obo
* Tboli
* Tiruray

Western Visayas|

* Aklanon
* Ata
* Ati
* Caluyanon
* Capiznon
* Sulod

Zamboanga Peninsula|

* Subanen

Immigrant languages|

* Arabic
* Basque
* Chinese
* Hokkien
* Mandarin
* French
* German
* Japanese
* Korean
* Malay
* Indonesian
* Malaysian
* Sindhi
* Spanish
* status

Sign languages|

* Filipino Sign Language

Historical languages|

* Proto-Philippine
* Old Tagalog
* Old Cebuano

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[†]: Extinct