Kalmak Tatars

Subgroup of Tom Tatars

Ethnic group

Kalmak Tatars

Kalmaktar, калмактар

Regions with significant populations
Russia| 500[1]
Languages
Tom dialect of Siberian Tatar, Russian
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Altai people (especially Teleuts), other Siberian Tatars, Oirats[2]

The Kalmak Tatars (Siberian Tatar: калмактар[3]) are one of the three subgroups of Tom group of Siberian Tatars. Their traditional areas of settlement are northeastern parts of Kemerovo Oblast, close to the town of Yurga.

Eastern region of the Khanate of Sibir in 1594-1598

The origins of the Kalmaks trace back to the 17th century, when a group of Teleuts from the central parts of Kemerovo Oblast migrated to the north. Kalmaks adopted Islam in the 18th century due to mainly Tatar influence. These factors created an endogamous barrier between Kalmaks and Russians, which helped Kalmaks to preserve their identity.[4]

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Kalmaks inhabited mainly Zimnik, Bolshoy Ulus close to the town of Yurga, and Yurty-Konstantinovy (Тумаел) in the Yashkinsky District to the northeast of Yurga, close to Tomsk Oblast.

## Culture

[edit]

The Kalmaks are considered to be mostly assimilated but retain their Teleut roots. They speak a local dialect of the Siberian Tatar language.[5][4][6] However some sources consider the language of the Kalmaks to be a separate variety of Tatar, or even a dialect of the Teleut language, as it differs greatly from other Siberian Tatar varieties.[7][8][9]

The Kalmaks are Sunni Muslims. They converted to Islam around the late 18th century under the influence of Volga Tatars and Siberian Bukharans.[4]

## Genetics

[edit]

The majority of Kalmak Tatars belong to Y-DNA haplogroup N1c1-Y16311[10] which originates from N1c1-F4205, like Mongols and Kalmyks. This differentiates them from Teleuts, from whom some scholars believe the Kalmak Tatars descent.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Калмаки
2. ^ Volkov, Vladimir. "Волков В. Г., Тычинских З. А., Лавряшина М. Б., Балановская Е. В. Генофонд сибирских татар в контексте археологических и исторических данных". `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
3. ^ Tom Tatars
4. ^ a b c "ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ У КАЛМАКОВ" (PDF). haknii.ru (in Russian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
5. ^ Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 435–436\. ISBN 0-7103-0025-5.
6. ^ Nevskaya, Irina (2007), "Ethno-Linguistic Processes in Post-Soviet South Siberia", Cultural Changes in the Turkic World, Ergon Verlag, pp. 107–122, doi:10.5771/9783956506925-107, ISBN 9783956506925
7. ^ Уртегешев, Н.С. (2016). "Kalmaksky yazyk" Калмакский язык [The Kalmak language]. Yazyk i obshchestvo. Entsiklopediya Язык и общество. Энциклопедия [Language and society. Encyclopedia] (PDF) (in Russian). Москва: ООО Издательский центр "Азбуковник". pp. 186–189\. ISBN 978-5-91172-129-9.
8. ^ "Калмакский | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
9. ^ Уртегешев, Николай С. (2018). "Kalmakov yazyk" Калмаков язык [The language of the Kalmaks]. Tehlikedeki Diller Dergisi. 8 (12): 65–96.
10. ^ Volkov, Vladimir. "Волков В. Г., Тычинских З. А., Лавряшина М. Б., Балановская Е. В. Генофонд сибирских татар в контексте археологических и исторических данных". `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic groups in Russia

Titular
nationalities|

* Russians
* Cossacks
* Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
* Baikal Cossacks
* Kuban Cossacks
* Pomors
* Adyghe
* Bzhedugs
* Natukhajs
* Shapsugs
* Altaians
* Chelkans
* Telengits
* Tubalars
* Balkars
* Bashkirs
* Buryats
* Chechens
* Aukhovite Chechens
* Chukchi
* Chuvash
* Cherkess
* Besleney
* Ademey
* Crimean Tatars
* Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
* Enets
* Khandeyar
* Ingush
* Kabardians
* Kalmyks
* Karachays
* Karelians
* Khakas
* Koibals
* Abugach
* Khanty
* Komi
* Izhma Komi
* Komi-Permyak
* Mansi
* Mari
* Eastern
* Hill
* Meadow
* Mordvins
* Mokshas
* Erzyas
* Ossetians
* Digors
* Irons
* Tuvans
* Tozhu Tuvans
* Udmurts
* Volga Tatars
* as Tatars
* Astrakhan Tatars
* Kryashens
* Mishar Tatars
* Nağaybäks
* Yakuts

Indigenous
peoples|

| Far North|

* Aleuts
* Chukchis
* Chulyms
* Chuvans
* Dolgans
* Enets
* Itelmens
* Kamchadals
* Kereks
* Kets
* Khanty
* Koryaks
* Alyutors
* Apuka
* Karaga
* Mansi
* Naukan
* Nenets
* Khandeyar
* Nganasans
* Selkups
* Yughs
* Yukaghir
* Yupiks

|

Northwest|

* Izhorians
* Sámi
* Setos
* Veps
* Vots

Far East|

* Ainus
* Evenks
* Hamnigans
* Evens
* Nanai
* Negidals
* Nivkhs
* Orochs
* Oroks
* Taz
* Udege
* Ulchs

Siberia|

* Kamasins
* Kumandins
* Shors
* Aba
* Soyots
* Siberian Tatars
* Baraba Tatars
* Chat Tatars
* Eushta Tatars
* Kalmak Tatars
* Siberian Bukharans
* Zabolotnie Tatars
* Tyumen-Tura Tatars
* Tobol Tatars
* Kurdak-Sargat Tatars
* Tara Tatars
* Teleuts
* Tofalars

Dagestan|

* Abazins
* Aghuls
* Aukhovite Chechens
* Avars
* Akhvakhs
* Andis
* Archis
* Bagvalals
* Bezhtas
* Botlikhs
* Chamalals
* Godoberi
* Hinukhs
* Hunzibs
* Karatas
* Khwarshi
* Tindis
* Tsez
* Azerbaijanis
* Dargins
* Kaitags
* Kumyks
* Laks
* Lezgins
* Nogais
* Ak Nogai
* Karagash
* Rutulians
* Tabasarans
* Talysh
* Tats
* Tsakhurs

Other|

* Besermyan
* Oirats
* Tver Karelians

Other ethnic peoples|

* Abkhaz
* Afghans
* Arabs
* Armenians
* Cherkesogai
* Assyrians
* Azerbaijanis
* Belarusians
* Britons
* Scots
* Bukharan Jews
* Crimean Karaites
* Dungans
* Setos
* Finns
* Ingrian Finns
* Murmansk Finns
* Siberian Finns
* Gagauz
* Georgians
* Adjarians
* Ingiloy
* Laz
* Mingrelians
* Svans
* Georgian Jews
* Germans
* Mennonites
* Volga Germans
* Greeks
* Urums
* Han
* Hamshenis
* Indians
* Iranians
* Irish
* Japanese
* Jews
* Kazakhs
* Astrakhan Kazakhs
* Koreans
* North Koreans
* Sakhalin Koreans
* Krymchaks
* Kurds
* Kyrgyz
* Latvians
* Latgalians
* Lithuanians
* Meskhetian Turks
* Moldovans
* Mountain Jews
* Mugat
* Kola Norwegians
* Pamiris
* Poles
* Roma
* Ruska Roma
* Rusyns
* Serbs
* Swiss
* Ural Swedes
* Turks
* Udis
* Ukrainians
* Uzbeks
* Uyghurs
* Vietnamese
* Yazidis

Unrecognized peoples|

* Africans
* Afro-Abkhazians
* Ainus
* Armeno-Tats
* Astrakhan Jews
* Buzava
* Caucasus Greeks
* Crimean Italians
* Korlaks
* Pontic Greeks
* Qaratay
* Sireniki

Assimilated peoples|

* Agrizhan
* Asans
* Arins
* Chud
* Kotts
* Muroma
* Merya
* Meshchera
* Pumpokols
* Siberian Bukharans

* v
* t
* e

Ancestry in Russia

Africa|

* Afro-Russians

Asia|

* Afghans
* Armenians
* Assyrians
* Azerbaijanis
* Chinese
* Dungans
* Georgians
* Indians
* Iranians
* Japanese
* Kazakhs
* Koreans
* Koryo-saram
* Sakhalin
* North Koreans
* Kurds
* Yazidi
* Nepalis
* Turks
* Uzbeks
* Vietnamese

Europe|

* Belarusians
* British
* English
* Scottish
* Finns
* Germans
* history
* Greeks
* Irish
* Latvians
* Lithuanians
* Moldovans
* Norwegians
* Poles
* Serbs
* Swedes
* Swiss
* Ukrainians

* Jews
* Romani (Ruska Roma)
* Demographics
* Ethnic groups
* Immigration

This article about Russian culture is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

* v
* t
* e

This article related to an ethnic group is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template