Kano State

State of Nigeria

State in Nigeria

Kano State

Jihar Kano جِهَرْ كَنُوْ (Hausa)

State

Flag

Seal

Nicknames:

Centre of Commerce, Tumbin Giwa

Location of Kano State in Nigeria

Coordinates: 11°30′N 8°30′E﻿ / ﻿11.500°N 8.500°E﻿ / 11.500; 8.500
Country|  Nigeria
Date created| 27 May 1967
Capital| Kano
Government

• Body| Government of Kano State
• Governor[1]| Abba Kabir Yusuf (NNPP)
• Deputy Governor| Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo (NNPP)
• Legislature| Kano State House of Assembly
• Senators| C: Rufai Hanga (NNPP)
N: Barau Jibrin (APC)
S: Kawu Sumaila (NNPP)
• Representatives| List
Area

• Total

| 20,131 km2 (7,773 sq mi)
• Rank| 20th of 36
Population

(2006 census)

• Total

| 9,401,288

• Estimate

(2022)

| 15,462,200[2]
• Rank| 2nd of 36
• Density| 470/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)

• Year| 2021
• Total| $27.17 billion[3]
13th of 36
• Per capita| $1,761[3]
36th of 36
Time zone| UTC+01 (WAT)
postal code|

700001

ISO 3166 code| NG-KN
HDI (2022)| 0.482[4]
low · 28th of 37
Website| www.kanostate.gov.ng
^1 Preliminary results

Kano (Hausa: Jihar Kano جِهَرْ كَنُوَ) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the northern region of the country.[5] Created in 1967 out of the former Northern Region, Kano State borders on Katsina State to the northwest for about 210 km (130 miles), Jigawa State to the northeast for 355 km (221 miles), Bauchi State to the southeast for 131 km (82 miles), and Kaduna State to the southwest for 255 km.[5] The state's capital and largest city is the city of Kano, the second most populous city in Nigeria after Lagos.[5] The incumbent governor of the state is Abba Kabir Yusuf. He was sworn in on 29 May 2023.[6]

Modern-day Kano State was the site of a number of prior kingdoms and empires, including the Kingdom of Kano, which was centered in Dalla Hill (Dutsen Dala) and existed from prior to 1000 AD to 1349.[7] In 1349, the Sultanate of Kano was established with Yaji I as its first Sultan.[8] In the 15th century, Kurmi Market was opened, which helped Kano become a center of commercial activity in Hausaland;[9] the market remains open in the 21st century and its historic importance is reflected in the state's nickname, the Centre of Commerce.[10] During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanate of Kano established itself as the most powerful of the Hausa Kingdoms.[11] In 1903, the British Empire conquered the Kano Emirate, incorporating it into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.[12] The major ethnic groups in pre-colonial Kano City were the Hausa, Fulani, Barebari (Kanuri), Tuareg, Arab, Nupe and some tribes from the southern Nigeria. Most of the people in Kano city have come to use the Hausa language as a first language and some have accepted Hausa as an ethnic identification.[13]

Since independence, Kano State has developed a diverse economy, establishing itself as a center for industry,[14] agriculture,[15] and Islamic banking.[16] The Hausa and Fulani make up the majority of Kano State's population.[17] The Hausa language is the dominant language in the state, as it is in most of Northern Nigeria.[18][19] Challenges faced by Kano State in the 21st century include attacks by the Islamist terrorist group Boko Haram,[20][21][22] inter-religious violence,[23][24] and extreme poverty.[25] A Muslim-majority state, Kano State is one of the twelve states in Nigeria to operate under Sharia law within the legal framework of the Nigerian Constitution.[26]

Photo of Kano in December 1930

## History

[edit]

An important early center of commerce in the region was Kurmi Market, founded by the Hausa people under Emir of Kano Muhammadu Rumfa in 1463 CE.[15] Subsequent leaders made contributions to the emergence of Kano as a leading commercial centre in Sudanic Africa.[27] During the time of the Kano Emirate, Emir Ibrahim Dabo made a number of administrative reforms, seeking to increase commerce in the region.[28]

Leaders during this time encouraged traders to move from Katsina, capitalising on raids from the Hausa Sultanate of Maradi.[29] The Jihad leaders of the Caliphate encouraged the Kola nut trade, and Kano was the greatest beneficiary with an annual turnover of about $30 million.[citation needed] Craft industries also evolved in the pre-colonial period contributing to the prosperity of the province.[citation needed]

After a British occupation of the region, culminating in the Battle of Kano in February 1903, the region became a part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.[30] Kano later became a part of the Northern Region of Nigeria.[5] Kano state was created on 27 May 1967.[5] In 1991, part of Kano State was separated to form Jigawa State.

## Geography

[edit]

### Climate

[edit]

The climate of Kano state is characterised by variability in rainfall between the 70s and 80s, with drought and near drought conditions. Between the 90s and the year 2015, the moisture conditions have improved considerably but for fluctuations in rainfall in the state.[31] However, since 2015 till date, there has been an increase in rainfall in the state, which has helped increase agricultural production in this northern Nigerian state considerably.[32] Based on the report of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the amount of rainfall varies between years with a mean value of 897.7mm.[33]

In the first quarter of 2022, the Nigerian Meteorological Agency sounded an early warning of floods in some states, including Kano state. The agency asserted that their warning was based on the amount and distribution of rainfall that had been observed in the nation during the rainy season. According to the Kano State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), 25 local government districts experienced flooding as a result of the extreme rain's aftermath.[34]

### Temperature

[edit]

The temperature of Kano has been on the rise since the 60s and this is highly remarkable.[35] The annual temperature of the state is between 26 °C to 30 °C of dumal temperature, which is high, and measurable between the range of 13.1%, with the relative humidity of between 17% and 90% respectively.[36][37]

## Economy

[edit]

Many large markets exist within Kano today, such as Kurmi Market, Kantin Kwari Market,[38] Sabon Gari Market, Dawanau Market [39] Kofar Wanbai Market, Galadima Market, Yankura Market and Bata Market.[15] Many of these markets specialize in a certain product, such as textiles or grain.[15]

### Agriculture

[edit]

Subsistence and commercial agriculture are mostly practised in the outlying districts of the state. Some of the food crops cultivated are millet, cowpeas, sorghum, maize and rice for local consumption while groundnuts and cotton are produced for export and industrial purposes. During the colonial period and several years after the country's independence, the groundnuts produced in the state constituted one of the major sources of revenue of the country. Kano State is a major producer of hides and skins, sesame, soybean, cotton, garlic, gum arabic and chili pepper.[40]

A 2018 study of Tudun Wada found that both temperature and rainfall were likely to increase with climate change, causing increased stress on crops, and would require increased climate change adaptation for agricultural practices.[41]

### Industry

[edit]

Kano State is the second-largest industrial centre after Lagos State in Nigeria and the largest in Northern Nigeria with textile, tanning, footwear, cosmetics, plastics, enamelware, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, furniture and other industries.[14] Others include agricultural implements, soft drinks, food and beverages, dairy products, vegetable oil, animal feeds etc.[42] Kano is also the center of a growing Islamic banking industry in Nigeria.[16][43][44][45][46][47]

### Tourism

[edit]

Gidan Dan Hausa Museum

Gidan Rumfa

Gidan Makama Museum Kano

Bashir Uthman Tofa Mosque

Palace of Kano Emirate

Tourist attractions in the state include:

* Kurmi Market established in the 15th century[48]
* Kano's centuries-old city wall
* Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace, the oldest continuous site of authority in Nigeria)[49]
* Kano Zoo[50]
* Dala[51] and Gwauron Dutse[52]
* Gidan Makama (Kano Museum)[51]
* Bashir Tofa Mosque
* Gidan dan Hausa Museum

## Natural resources

[edit]

Kano State has different natural resources[53] in abundant, these include

### Mineral raw materials

[edit]

* Cassiterite
* Copper
* Gemstone
* Glass-sand
* Lead/Zinc
* Pyrochinre & Tantalite

### Agro raw materials

[edit]

## Transport

[edit]

### Federal highways

[edit]

* A2 (part of the African Unity Road or Trans-Sahara Highway or Trans Africa 2: TAH2) north from Kaduna State at Gidan Mallam Idi for 166 km as the Zaria Rd via Kura, Nassarawa, Kano, Bankaura, Kunya, Dambarta and Ajumawa to Jigawa State at Yanzaki,
* A9 (part of the Dakar-Ndjamena Trans-Sahelian Highway or TAH 5) northwest from A2 at Bankaura (14 km north of Kano) for 71 km via Bichi, Dan Zabuwa and Tsanyawa as IBB Way to Katsina State at Yan Kamaye,
* A237 continuing TAH5 east from A2 in Kano for 110 km across the Hadejia River at Wudil via Takai and Kachako to Jigawa State as the Kano Rd.

### Other major roads

[edit]

* the Kunya-Mutum Rd northeast from A2 to Jigawa State at Duma,
* The Kano-Gumel Rd northeast via Dosai, Gezawa, Kirazare and Dadin Diniya to Jigawa State near Magama,
* The Kano-Ringim Rd east from Dosai via Gwandu, Wangara, Zugachi and Zakirai to Jigawa State at Gorshinsi,
* south from Gwandu via Gogel to A237 at Zogarava,
* the Gaya-Wudil Rd east from A237 to Jigawa at Dundubis as the Gaya-Azare Rd,
* south from A2 at Karfi Ruga as the Kano-Kumbotso-Rano or Rano-Karfin Ruga Rd via Bunkure, Rano, Kibiya, Tarai, Burunburum, Sitti and Masu to Bauchi State at Gwanda as the Sabon Gari-Gwanda-Kafin-Birgi Rd,
* the Kafin Maiyaki-Sabin Bimi Rd south from A2 via Arna, Tudun Wada, Falgore Game Reserve, Tagwaye and Dadin Kowa to Kaduna State at Murai,
* the Kiru-Rurum Rd north from A2 at Kafin Maiyaki via Yako and Karaye to Gwarzo as the Kafi-Jamaa Kosa Rd,
* Murtala Mohammed Rd west from Kano to Katsina State at Gangara,
* the Gwarzo-Shanono Rd north via Bagawi to A9 at Bichi.

### Railways

[edit]

Kano is on the 1067 mm Cape Gauge Western Railway Line from Lagos via Kaduna to Jigawa State (rehabilitated 2013), with a new double track standard gauge line under construction. Rail transport in Nigeria[54]

### Airports

[edit]

Malam Aminu Kano International Airport

Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (1936), HQ of Kabo Air, Azman Airlines and Max Air.[55][56]

## Education

[edit]

See also: List of tertiary institutions in Kano State

[57]

### Secondary schools

[edit]

* Dawakin Tofa Science College[58][59]
* Rumfa College, Kano

### Universities

[edit]

Kano State is home to five universities: one federal university, one regimented federal university, two state universities, and one private university.

* Bayero University Kano (BUK), founded in 1977.[60]
* Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST), founded in 2001.[61]
* Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, founded as the 37th federal university in 2011.[62]
* Skyline University, Kano. Founded in 2018 [63]
* Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano (YUSMUK), founded in 2012.[61]

### Polytechnics and colleges

[edit]

The following is a list of the approved Polytechnics and Colleges in the state of Kano:

* Aminu Kano College of Islamic Legal Studies, Kano
* Audu Bako School of Agriculture, Dambatta
* Federal College of Education, Kano
* Kano State Polytechnic.
* Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education.

## Local government areas

[edit]

See also: List of villages in Kano State

Kano State consists of forty-four (44) Local Government Areas (LGAs).

LGA Name  | Area (km2)  | Census 2006
population  | Administrative capital  | Postal
code

|
|
|
|

Fagge | 21  | 200,095  | Waje  | 700
Dala | 19  | 418,759  | Gwanmaja  | 700
Gwale | 18  | 357,827  | Gwale | 700
Kano Municipal | 17  | 371,243  | Kofar Kudu  | 700
Tarauni | 28  | 221,844  | Unguwa Uku  | 700
Nassarawa | 34  | 596,411  | Bompai  | 700
Kumbotso | 158  | 294,391  | Kumbotso | 700
Ungogo | 204  | 365,737  | Ungogo | 700
Kano Metropolitan Area | 499 | 2,828,861 |  | 700
Dawakin Tofa | 479  | 246,197  | Dawakin Tofa | 701
Tofa | 202  | 98,603  | Tofa | 701
Rimin Gado | 225  | 103,371  | Rimin Gado | 701
Bagwai | 405  | 161,533  | Bagwai | 701
Gezawa | 340  | 282,328  | Gezawa | 702
Gabasawa | 605  | 211,204  | Zakirai  | 702
Minjibir | 416  | 219,611  | Minjibir | 702
Dambatta | 732  | 210,474  | Dambatta | 702
Makoda | 441  | 220,094  | Makoda | 702
Kunchi | 671  | 110,170  | Kunchi | 703
Bichi | 612  | 278,309  | Bichi | 703
Tsanyawa | 492  | 157,730  | Tsanyawa | 703
Shanono | 697  | 139,128  | Shanono | 704
Gwarzo | 393  | 183,624  | Gwarzo | 704
Karaye | 479  | 144,045  | Karaye | 704
Rogo | 802  | 227,607  | Rogo | 704
Kabo | 341  | 153,158  | Kabo | 704
Northern Kano State | 8,332 | 3,143,899 |  | 701 to 704
Bunkure | 487  | 174,467  | Bunkure | 710
Kibiya | 404  | 138,618  | Kibiya | 710
Rano | 520  | 148,276  | Rano | 710
Tudun Wada | 1,204  | 228,658  | Tudun Wada | 710
Doguwa | 1,473  | 150,645  | Riruwai  | 710
Madobi | 273  | 137,685  | Madobi | 711
Kura | 206  | 143,094  | Kura | 711
Garun Mallam | 214  | 118,622  | Garun Mallam | 711
Bebeji | 717  | 191,916  | Bebeji | 711
Kiru | 927  | 267,168  | Kiru | 711
Sumaila | 1,250  | 250,379  | Sumaila | 712
Garko | 450  | 161,966  | Garko | 712
Takai | 598  | 202,639  | Takai | 712
Albasu | 398  | 187,639  | Albasu | 712
Gaya | 613  | 207,419  | Gaya | 713
Ajingi | 714  | 172,610  | Ajingi | 713
Wudil | 362  | 188,639  | Wudil | 713
Warawa | 360  | 131,858  | Warawa | 713
Dawakin Kudu | 384  | 225,497  | Dawakin Kudu | 713
Southern Kano State | 11,554 | 3,410,922 |  | 710 to 713

## Demographics

[edit]

### Population

[edit]

According to the 2006 PON census figures, Kano State had a population totaling 9,401,288. Based on the official data by the National Bureau of Statistics,[64] Kano State is the most populous state in the country followed by Lagos State.[65] The state is mostly populated by the Hausa and Fulani people.[17]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1991 | 5,810,470| —
2006 | 9,401,288| +61.8%
2022 | 15,462,200| +64.5%
source:[66]

## Languages

[edit]

The official language of Kano State are Hausa and Fulfulde.[67][verification needed]

The Kainji languages Moro, Kurama and Map are also spoken in Doguwa LGA.[citation needed]

## Notable people

[edit]

* Sani Abacha (1943–1998), 10th Military Head of State of Nigeria
* Ja'afar Mahmud Adam (1960–2007), a popular Islamic scholar
* Nazifi Asnanic kannywood actor and musician.
* Mubarak Bala, atheist and president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria; is currently imprisoned for comments he made on social media about Islam.[68]
* Aliko Dangote (born 1957), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist,[69] Africa's richest person.[70]
* Aminu Dantata (born 1931), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist
* Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa Islamic preacher.
* Abdullahi Umar Ganduje (born 1949), Nigerian politician and Kano State Governor from 2015 to 2023.
* Ahmad Sulaiman Ibrahim Islamic preacher.
* Nura M Inuwa Hausa Musician.
* Ali Jita Hausa musician.
* Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara Islamic preacher.
* Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara Islamic preacher.
* Aminu Kano (9 August 1920 — 17 April 1983)[71] was a politician and teacher
* Sheikh Ibrahim Khaleel Islamic preacher.
* Rabiu Kwankwaso (born 1956), former Governor of Kano state[72] and former minister of defence of Nigeria,
* Murtala Muhammed, 4th Military head of state of Nigeria, 1975 to 1976
* Abdul Samad Rabiu (born 4 August 1960), Nigerian business magnate and philanthropist,[73] Africa's 6th richest person.[74]
* Isyaku Rabiu, businessman[75][76]
* Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (born 1961), former CBN Governor,[77] 14 & 16th (Current) Emir of Kano
* Ibrahim Shekarau (born 1955), former Governor and former Minister of Education (2003–2011).
* Barau Jibrin Senator Barau I. Jibrin CFR (born 19 June 1959) is a Nigerian politician who is the current deputy president of the Nigerian Senate since 2023.
* Yusuf Babangida Suleiman (born 1976), politician in the 7th, 8th and 9th Kano State House of Assembly
* Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila former Secretary to the Kano State Executive Council, rtd Permanent Secretary, former Principal Secretary to the Kano State Governor, former Board Chairman Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Development Authority and Kano State Television Corporation.
* Abba Kabir Yusuf (born 1963). Kano State Governor since May 2023.

## Politics

[edit]

The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with the state House of Assembly. The capital city of the state is Kano.[78]

### Electoral system

[edit]

The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes the threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[78]

## See also

[edit]

* Nigeria portal

* Kano State Government

## References

[edit]

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## Further reading

[edit]

* "Commercial Agriculture Development Project (CADP)". 2010. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2013.

## External links

[edit]

Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article "Kano".

* Media related to Kano State at Wikimedia Commons
* National Bureau of Statistics Maps of Kano State

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