Karantina massacre

Massacre during the Lebanese Civil War

Karantina massacre

Part of the Lebanese Civil War

Palestinian refugees Zuhaiba Alshaheen, Mohammed Amcha and grandchildren Ahmad Jawhar and Ahmad Kinj in Karantina, 1976
(photo taken by Françoise Demulder)[1]

Beirut

Beirut (Lebanon)

Location| Beirut, Lebanon
Coordinates| 33°53′13″N 35°30′47″E﻿ / ﻿33.88694°N 35.51306°E﻿ / 33.88694; 35.51306
Date| January 18, 1976; 48 years ago (1976-01-18)
Target| Karantina district of Beirut

Attack type

| Massacre
Deaths| 600-1,500[2]
Perpetrators| Kataeb, Guardians of the Cedars, Tiger militia[3]
Motive| Anti-Palestinianism

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Lebanese Civil War

First phase: 1975–1977

* Bus massacre
* Black Thursday
* Hotels
* ASALA insurgency
* Black Saturday
* Karantina
* Damour
* 1976 Syrian intervention
* Tel al-Zaatar
* Chekka
* Aishiyeh

Second phase: 1977–1982

* Chouf
* St George's Church attack
* Hundred Days' War
* Litani
* Kaukaba
* Ehden
* Qaa
* Qnat
* At Tiri
* Safra
* Zahleh
* 1981 Israeli bombing
* Iraqi Embassy bombing

Third phase: 1982–1984

* 1982 Beirut bombing
* 1982 Lebanon War
* 1982 Iranian diplomats kidnapping
* Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
* Sabra and Shatila
* U.S. Embassy bombing
* Barracks bombings
* Mountain War
* Tripoli
* February 6 Intifada
* 1984 Sohmor massacre

Fourth phase: 1984–1990

* U.S. embassy annex bombing
* War of the Camps
* 1985 Beirut bombings
* LF coup
* Assassination of Rashid Karami
* War of Brothers
* War of Elimination
* War of Liberation
* Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
* Assassination of René Moawad
* Sidon

* * *

Cantons and puppet states

* East Beirut canton
* People's Republic of Tyre
* Fatahland
* Civil Administration of the Mountain
* State of Free Lebanon
* South Lebanon security belt
* administration

The Karantina massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الكرنتينا; French: Massacre de La Quarantaine/Karantina) took place on January 18, 1976, early in the Lebanese Civil War. La Quarantaine, known in Arabic as Karantina, was a Muslim-inhabited district in mostly Christian East Beirut controlled by forces of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),[4] and inhabited by Palestinians, Kurds, Syrians, Armenians and Lebanese Sunnis.[5][6] The fighting and subsequent killings also involved an old quarantine area near the port and nearby Maslakh quarter.[7][8][9] According to then-Washington Post-correspondent Jonathan Randal, "Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred," while the women and young girls were violently raped and robbed.[10]

Karantina was overrun by militias of the right-wing and mostly Christian Lebanese Front, specifically the Kataeb Party (Phalangists),[11][12] resulting in the deaths of approximately 600-1,500 people,[13] mostly Lebanese Muslims, in which the right-wing claimed the toll were mostly left-wing fighters.[8] After Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF), Guardians of the Cedars (GoC), National Liberal Party's Tiger militia and Lebanese Youth Movement (LYM) forces took control of the Karantina district on 18 January 1976, Tel al-Zaatar was placed under siege, leading to the Tel al-Zaatar massacre.[3]

The Damour massacre was a reprisal for the Karantina massacre.[8][14]

## See also[edit]

* List of massacres in Lebanon

## References[edit]

1. ^ "1976 – World Press Photo". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
2. ^ ictj (2014-07-28). "Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
3. ^ a b Kazziha, Walid (1979) Palestine in the Arab dilemma Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-85664-864-7 p 52
4. ^ Noam Chomsky (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-366-7 p 171
5. ^ Michael Johnson (2001) All Honourable Men: The Social Origins of War in Lebanon I.B.Tauris, ISBN 1-86064-715-4 p 62
6. ^ Jonathan C. Randal (1990). Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred. Their families still search for their remains. Women and young girls were violently raped and robbed by the Christian warlords led by Bachir Gemayel, also Bashir Gemayel was a senior member of the right-wing Christian Phalange party and the founder and supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces militia during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, ISBN 0-7012-0909-7 pp 88–90
7. ^ Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin (2001) Kurdish culture and society: an annotated bibliography Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-31543-4 p 35
8. ^ a b c Harris (p. 162) notes "the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damur"[1]
9. ^ Jonathan C. Randal (1990) The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, ISBN 0-7012-0909-7 p 88
10. ^ Jonathan C. Randal (1990) The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, ISBN 0-7012-0909-7 p 88
11. ^ William W. Harris (2006). The New Face of Lebanon: History's Revenge. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 162\. ISBN 978-1-55876-392-0. Retrieved July 27, 2013. "the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damour"
12. ^ Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-601-1 pp 184–185
13. ^ ictj (2014-07-28). "Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
14. ^ Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-601-1 pp 184–185

## Sources[edit]

* Chomsky, Noam (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-366-7
* Fisk, Robert (2001) Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-280130-9,
* William Harris, (1996) Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton, US ISBN 1-55876-115-2

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