Katherine Esau

German-American botanist (1898–1997)

Katherine Esau

Born|

‹The template below is included via a redirect (Template:Birth-date) that is under discussion. See redirects for discussion to help reach a consensus.›

3 April 1898 (1898-04-03)

Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire

Died| 4 June 1997(1997-06-04) (aged 99)

Santa Barbara, California

Nationality| German, American
Alma mater| University of California, Davis
Awards| National Medal of Science (1989)
Scientific career
Fields| Botany
Thesis|  Some pathological changes in the anatomy of leaves of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) affected by the curly-top disease  (1931)

Katherine Esau (3 April 1898 – 4 June 1997) was a pioneering German-American botanist who studied plant anatomy and the effects of viruses. Her books Plant Anatomy (1953, 1965, 2006)[1] and Anatomy of Seed Plants (1960,[2] 1977) are key texts. In 1989, Esau received the National Medal of Science "In recognition of her distinguished service to the American community of plant biologists, and for the excellence of her pioneering research, both basic and applied, on plant structure and development, which has spanned more than six decades; for her superlative performance as an educator, in the classroom and through her books; for the encouragement and inspiration she has given to a legion of young, aspiring plant biologists; and for providing a special role model for women in science." When Katherine Esau died in year 1997. Peter Raven 'Director of Anatomy and Morphology' of 'Missouri Botanical Garden' remembered that she absolutely dominated the field of plant Biology even at the age of 99.[3][4]

## Personal life and education

[edit]

Esau was born on 3 April 1898 in Ekaterinoslav, Russian Empire a family of Mennonites of German descent, so-called "Russian Mennonites". She attended a Mennonite Parish school prior to entering secondary school. Esau began studying agriculture in 1916 at the Golitsin Women's Agricultural College in Moscow, but returned home at the end of her second semester due to the Bolshevik Revolution.[3][5][4]

Katherine's father, John Esau, was the mayor of Ekaterinoslav. The revolution placed the family at risk due to their wealth, position, and nationality. Esau was considered a "counterrevolutionary bourgeoisie".[3] The family managed to escape by boarding a German troop train in Ekaterinoslav on 20 December 1918, reaching Berlin on 5 January 1919 after a two-week trip.[3]

Although Berlin was still in conflict, Katherine became a student at the Berlin Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College of Berlin). She studied farm management with Friedrich Aereboe [de] and plant breeding with geneticist Erwin Baur.[3]

In 1922, the Esau family moved to Reedley, California, a Mennonite community. Esau worked briefly as a housekeeper and cook for a family in Fresno. In 1923, she worked for a seed production ranch, raising and studying sugar beets in Oxnard, California. After that company failed, Esau worked for the Spreckels Sugar Company on sugar beet resistance to curly top virus.[3][6]: 33–34  [7]

In 1927, Spreckels was visited by Wilfred William Robbins, from the University Farm of the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture (now University of California, Davis), and Henry A. Jones of the Davis Division of Truck Crops. Esau showed them her beet fields and asked about the graduate program at Davis. Robbins accepted her and employed her as a graduate assistant in the Botany Division. Esau resumed her education at the University of California, Davis in 1928.[3] Since Davis did not grant graduate degrees at that time, she officially registered for the Ph.D. program through the University of California Berkeley. Her doctoral committee were W.W. Robbins, (botanist and the chair), T.H. Goodspeed, cytologist, and T.E. Rawlins, plant pathologist. Esau was formally awarded a doctorate in 1931 which was granted by UC Berkeley in 1932. She was also elected to the Phi Beta Kappa honor society in 1932.[4][8]

Esau then joined the faculty in the new post of Junior Botanist in the Agricultural Experiment Station in the College of Agriculture. She taught at the University of California, Davis from 1932 to 1963. In 1963 she moved to University of California, Santa Barbara to better continue collaborative work with Vernon I. Cheadle.[3]

Esau died on 4 June 1997 in Santa Barbara, California, USA.[9]

## Research

[edit]

Esau was a pioneering plant anatomist and her books Plant Anatomy (1953) and Anatomy of Seed Plants (1960) are considered "iconic texts" in plant structural biology.[1] Her early work in plant anatomy focused on the effect of viruses on plants, specifically on plant tissue and development. Her doctoral research had changed from field to laboratory study of curly top virus disease of sugar beet because of the difficulty of containing field infections with the disease. This led to her focus on plant anatomy and especially phloem tissue that was the subject of her scientific career. She soon discovered that the virus spread through the plants along the phloem. She began applying electron microscopy to her research in 1960.[10]

While teaching at the University of California, Davis, she continued her research on viruses and specifically phloem, the food conducting tissue in plants. In the 1950s, she collaborated with botanist Vernon Cheadle on more phloem research. Her treatise The Phloem (1969) was published as Volume 5 of the Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie. This volume has been recognized as the most important of the series and was a definitive source of information about phloem.[11]

Esau continued research well into her 90s, publishing a total of 162 articles and five books. Her papers are held by the Department of Special Collections in the Davidson Library at the University of California, Santa Barbara.[12] She was official mentor to only 15 doctoral students but her exceptional ability as a teacher was recognised and appreciated by many.[4] Ray Evert, one of Esau's graduate students, says: "The book Plant Anatomy brought to life what previously had seemed to me to be a rather dull subject. I was not the only one so affected. Plant Anatomy had an enormous impact worldwide, literally bringing about a revivification of the discipline."[10]

Esau did not seem to attach importance to the recognition accorded her, and she told David Russell, who compiled her oral history, "I don't know how I happened to be elected [for the National Medal of Science]. I have no idea what impressed them about me."[10] When asked by Elga Wasserman to reflect on her education and career, Esau wrote in 1973 that scientific activities dominated her career and added, "I found ways of maintaining spiritual independence while adjusting myself to established policies. . . . I have never felt that my career was being affected by the fact that I am a woman."[6]: 33–34  In addition that, after being asked in 1992 if she saw herself as a pioneer woman in science, Esau replied, "This is such a funny thing. I never worried about being a woman. It never occurred to me that that was an important thing. I always thought that women could do just as well as men. Of course, the majority of women are not trained to think that way. They are trained to be homemakers. And I was not a homemaker."[13]

## Recognition

[edit]

* She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949.[14]
* In 1951, she was President of the Botanical Society of America.[4]
* In 1956, the Botanical Society of America awarded her a Certificate of Merit in its Golden Jubilee celebrations.[4]
* In 1957, she was the sixth woman elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences.[4]
* In 1962, she was awarded an honorary degree by Mills College, Oakland.[4]
* In 1964, she was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[15]
* In 1989 President George Bush awarded Esau the National Medal of Science.[16]

## Legacy

[edit]

Many of Esau's publications are housed and available for loan from the Cornelius Herman Muller library at the University of California, Santa Barbara's Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration.

In memory of her contributions as a lecturer, author and scientist, the Katherine Esau Award is awarded to the graduate student who presents the best paper in structural and developmental biology at the annual meeting of the Botanical Society of America.[17]

Esau established the Katherine Esau Fellowship Program in 1993 at the University of California, Davis. This supports post-doctoral, junior faculty and some summer graduate fellowships.[10]

## Works

[edit]

Her books modernised plant anatomy teaching and were in use into the twenty-first century:[10]

* Esau, Katherine (1953). Plant Anatomy. (1st ed. 1954; 2nd ed. 1965; 3rd ed. 2006). McGraw-Hill, New York.
* Esau, Katherine (2006). Evert, Ray Franklin (ed.). Esau's Plant anatomy : meristems, cells, and tissues of the plant body : their structure, function, and development (3rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience. doi:10.1002/0470047380.fmatter. ISBN 978-0-471-73843-5.
* Esau, Katherine (1960). Anatomy of Seed Plants. (2nd ed. 1977). John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 0-471-24520-8
* Esau, Katherine (1961). Plants, Viruses, and Insects. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
* Esau, Katherine (1965). Vascular Differentiation in Plants. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 160pp
* Esau, Katherine (1968). Viruses in Plant Hosts. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 228pp
* Esau, Katherine (1969). The Phloem. (Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie, Histologie Band 5, Teil 2). Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Chaffey, Nigel (2007). "Esau's Plant Anatomy, Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: their Structure, Function, and Development. 3rd edn., revised by Ray F. Evert". Annals of Botany. 99 (4): 785–786\. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm015. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 2802946.
2. ^ Heiser Jr., Charles B. (1960). "Reviewed work: Anatomy of Seed Plants, Katherine Esau". The American Biology Teacher. 22 (5): 301. doi:10.2307/4439344. JSTOR 4439344.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Thorsch, Jennifer A.; Evert, Ray F. (September 1998). "KATHERINE ESAU, 1898–1997". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 36 (1): 27–40\. Bibcode:1998AnRvP..36...27T. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.36.1.27. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 15012491.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Evert, Ray F. (1999). "Katherine Esau 1898 – 1997". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (PDF). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 1–13.
5. ^ Stebbins, George Ledyard (1999). "Katherine Esau (3 April 1898-4 June 1997)". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 143 (4): 665–672\. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 3181994.
6. ^ a b Wasserman, Elga (2000). The door in the dream: conversations with eminent women in science. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, Joseph Henry Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780309065689.
7. ^ O'Hern, Elizabeth Moot (1996). "Profiles of Pioneer Women Scientists: Katherine Esau". Botanical Review. 62 (3): 209–271\. Bibcode:1996BotRv..62..209O. doi:10.1007/BF02857081. ISSN 0006-8101. JSTOR 4354274. S2CID 32865520. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
8. ^ Esau, Katherine; Russell, David E. "Katherine Esau: A Life of Achievements" (PDF). University of California. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
9. ^ Freeman, Karen (18 June 1997). "Katherine Esau Is Dead at 99; A World Authority on Botany". The New York Times.
10. ^ a b c d e "Remembering Katherine Esau". www-plb.ucdavis.edu. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
11. ^ Pigg, K.B. (2007). "Katherine Esau". In Koertge, N. (ed.). New Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 2\. New York: MacMillan. pp. 413–416.
12. ^ "Guide to the Katherine Esau Papers". University of California, Santa Barbara.
13. ^ "Esau's Career as a Plant Anatomist | CCBER". ccber.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
14. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter E" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
15. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
16. ^ "The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details – NSF – National Science Foundation". nsf.gov.
17. ^ "The Katherine Esau Award". Botanical Society of America. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2013.

* v
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United States National Medal of Science laureates

Behavioral and social science

| 1960s|

1964
Neal Elgar Miller

|

1980s|

1986
Herbert A. Simon
1987
Anne Anastasi
George J. Stigler
1988
Milton Friedman

1990s|

1990
Leonid Hurwicz
Patrick Suppes
1991
George A. Miller
1992
Eleanor J. Gibson
1994
Robert K. Merton
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Roger N. Shepard
1996
Paul Samuelson
1997
William K. Estes
1998
William Julius Wilson
1999
Robert M. Solow

2000s|

2000
Gary Becker
2003
R. Duncan Luce
2004
Kenneth Arrow
2005
Gordon H. Bower
2008
Michael I. Posner
2009
Mortimer Mishkin

2010s|

2011
Anne Treisman
2014
Robert Axelrod
2015
Albert Bandura

2020s|

2023
Huda Akil
Shelley E. Taylor
2025
Larry Bartels

Biological sciences

| 1960s|

1963
C. B. van Niel
1964
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Marshall W. Nirenberg
1965
Francis P. Rous
George G. Simpson
Donald D. Van Slyke
1966
Edward F. Knipling
Fritz Albert Lipmann
William C. Rose
Sewall Wright
1967
Kenneth S. Cole
Harry F. Harlow
Michael Heidelberger
Alfred H. Sturtevant
1968
Horace Barker
Bernard B. Brodie
Detlev W. Bronk
Jay Lush
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1969
Robert Huebner
Ernst Mayr

|

1970s|

1970
Barbara McClintock
Albert B. Sabin
1973
Daniel I. Arnon
Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
1974
Britton Chance
Erwin Chargaff
James V. Neel
James Augustine Shannon
1975
Hallowell Davis
Paul Gyorgy
Sterling B. Hendricks
Orville Alvin Vogel
1976
Roger Guillemin
Keith Roberts Porter
Efraim Racker
E. O. Wilson
1979
Robert H. Burris
Elizabeth C. Crosby
Arthur Kornberg
Severo Ochoa
Earl Reece Stadtman
George Ledyard Stebbins
Paul Alfred Weiss

1980s|

1981
Philip Handler
1982
Seymour Benzer
Glenn W. Burton
Mildred Cohn
1983
Howard L. Bachrach
Paul Berg
Wendell L. Roelofs
Berta Scharrer
1986
Stanley Cohen
Donald A. Henderson
Vernon B. Mountcastle
George Emil Palade
Joan A. Steitz
1987
Michael E. DeBakey
Theodor O. Diener
Harry Eagle
Har Gobind Khorana
Rita Levi-Montalcini
1988
Michael S. Brown
Stanley Norman Cohen
Joseph L. Goldstein
Maurice R. Hilleman
Eric R. Kandel
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
1989
Katherine Esau
Viktor Hamburger
Philip Leder
Joshua Lederberg
Roger W. Sperry
Harland G. Wood

1990s|

1990
Baruj Benacerraf
Herbert W. Boyer
Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
Edward B. Lewis
David G. Nathan
E. Donnall Thomas
1991
Mary Ellen Avery
G. Evelyn Hutchinson
Elvin A. Kabat
Robert W. Kates
Salvador Luria
Paul A. Marks
Folke K. Skoog
Paul C. Zamecnik
1992
Maxine Singer
Howard Martin Temin
1993
Daniel Nathans
Salome G. Waelsch
1994
Thomas Eisner
Elizabeth F. Neufeld
1995
Alexander Rich
1996
Ruth Patrick
1997
James Watson
Robert A. Weinberg
1998
Bruce Ames
Janet Rowley
1999
David Baltimore
Jared Diamond
Lynn Margulis

2000s|

2000
Nancy C. Andreasen
Peter H. Raven
Carl Woese
2001
Francisco J. Ayala
George F. Bass
Mario R. Capecchi
Ann Graybiel
Gene E. Likens
Victor A. McKusick
Harold Varmus
2002
James E. Darnell
Evelyn M. Witkin
2003
J. Michael Bishop
Solomon H. Snyder
Charles Yanofsky
2004
Norman E. Borlaug
Phillip A. Sharp
Thomas E. Starzl
2005
Anthony Fauci
Torsten N. Wiesel
2006
Rita R. Colwell
Nina Fedoroff
Lubert Stryer
2007
Robert J. Lefkowitz
Bert W. O'Malley
2008
Francis S. Collins
Elaine Fuchs
J. Craig Venter
2009
Susan L. Lindquist
Stanley B. Prusiner

2010s|

2010
Ralph L. Brinster
Rudolf Jaenisch
2011
Lucy Shapiro
Leroy Hood
Sallie Chisholm
2012
May Berenbaum
Bruce Alberts
2013
Rakesh K. Jain
2014
Stanley Falkow
Mary-Claire King
Simon Levin

2020s|

2023
Gebisa Ejeta
Eve Marder
Gregory Petsko
Sheldon Weinbaum
2025
Bonnie Bassler
Angela Belcher
Helen Blau
Emery N. Brown
G. David Tilman
Teresa Woodruff

Chemistry

| 1960s|

1964
Roger Adams

|

1980s|

1982
F. Albert Cotton
Gilbert Stork
1983
Roald Hoffmann
George C. Pimentel
Richard N. Zare
1986
Harry B. Gray
Yuan Tseh Lee
Carl S. Marvel
Frank H. Westheimer
1987
William S. Johnson
Walter H. Stockmayer
Max Tishler
1988
William O. Baker
Konrad E. Bloch
Elias J. Corey
1989
Richard B. Bernstein
Melvin Calvin
Rudolph A. Marcus
Harden M. McConnell

1990s|

1990
Elkan Blout
Karl Folkers
John D. Roberts
1991
Ronald Breslow
Gertrude B. Elion
Dudley R. Herschbach
Glenn T. Seaborg
1992
Howard E. Simmons Jr.
1993
Donald J. Cram
Norman Hackerman
1994
George S. Hammond
1995
Thomas Cech
Isabella L. Karle
1996
Norman Davidson
1997
Darleane C. Hoffman
Harold S. Johnston
1998
John W. Cahn
George M. Whitesides
1999
Stuart A. Rice
John Ross
Susan Solomon

2000s|

2000
John D. Baldeschwieler
Ralph F. Hirschmann
2001
Ernest R. Davidson
Gábor A. Somorjai
2002
John I. Brauman
2004
Stephen J. Lippard
2005
Tobin J. Marks
2006
Marvin H. Caruthers
Peter B. Dervan
2007
Mostafa A. El-Sayed
2008
Joanna Fowler
JoAnne Stubbe
2009
Stephen J. Benkovic
Marye Anne Fox

2010s|

2010
Jacqueline K. Barton
Peter J. Stang
2011
Allen J. Bard
M. Frederick Hawthorne
2012
Judith P. Klinman
Jerrold Meinwald
2013
Geraldine L. Richmond
2014
A. Paul Alivisatos
2025
R. Lawrence Edwards

Engineering sciences

| 1960s|

1962
Theodore von Kármán
1963
Vannevar Bush
John Robinson Pierce
1964
Charles S. Draper
Othmar H. Ammann
1965
Hugh L. Dryden
Clarence L. Johnson
Warren K. Lewis
1966
Claude E. Shannon
1967
Edwin H. Land
Igor I. Sikorsky
1968
J. Presper Eckert
Nathan M. Newmark
1969
Jack St. Clair Kilby

|

1970s|

1970
George E. Mueller
1973
Harold E. Edgerton
Richard T. Whitcomb
1974
Rudolf Kompfner
Ralph Brazelton Peck
Abel Wolman
1975
Manson Benedict
William Hayward Pickering
Frederick E. Terman
Wernher von Braun
1976
Morris Cohen
Peter C. Goldmark
Erwin Wilhelm Müller
1979
Emmett N. Leith
Raymond D. Mindlin
Robert N. Noyce
Earl R. Parker
Simon Ramo

1980s|

1982
Edward H. Heinemann
Donald L. Katz
1983
Bill Hewlett
George Low
John G. Trump
1986
Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
Tung-Yen Lin
Bernard M. Oliver
1987
Robert Byron Bird
H. Bolton Seed
Ernst Weber
1988
Daniel C. Drucker
Willis M. Hawkins
George W. Housner
1989
Harry George Drickamer
Herbert E. Grier

1990s|

1990
Mildred Dresselhaus
Nick Holonyak Jr.
1991
George H. Heilmeier
Luna B. Leopold
H. Guyford Stever
1992
Calvin F. Quate
John Roy Whinnery
1993
Alfred Y. Cho
1994
Ray W. Clough
1995
Hermann A. Haus
1996
James L. Flanagan
C. Kumar N. Patel
1998
Eli Ruckenstein
1999
Kenneth N. Stevens

2000s|

2000
Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
2001
Andreas Acrivos
2002
Leo Beranek
2003
John M. Prausnitz
2004
Edwin N. Lightfoot
2005
Jan D. Achenbach
2006
Robert S. Langer
2007
David J. Wineland
2008
Rudolf E. Kálmán
2009
Amnon Yariv

2010s|

2010
Shu Chien
2011
John B. Goodenough
2012
Thomas Kailath

2020s|

2023
Subra Suresh
2025
John Dabiri

Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences

| 1960s|

1963
Norbert Wiener
1964
Solomon Lefschetz
H. Marston Morse
1965
Oscar Zariski
1966
John Milnor
1967
Paul Cohen
1968
Jerzy Neyman
1969
William Feller

|

1970s|

1970
Richard Brauer
1973
John Tukey
1974
Kurt Gödel
1975
John W. Backus
Shiing-Shen Chern
George Dantzig
1976
Kurt Otto Friedrichs
Hassler Whitney
1979
Joseph L. Doob
Donald E. Knuth

1980s|

1982
Marshall H. Stone
1983
Herman Goldstine
Isadore Singer
1986
Peter Lax
Antoni Zygmund
1987
Raoul Bott
Michael Freedman
1988
Ralph E. Gomory
Joseph B. Keller
1989
Samuel Karlin
Saunders Mac Lane
Donald C. Spencer

1990s|

1990
George F. Carrier
Stephen Cole Kleene
John McCarthy
1991
Alberto Calderón
1992
Allen Newell
1993
Martin David Kruskal
1994
John Cocke
1995
Louis Nirenberg
1996
Richard Karp
Stephen Smale
1997
Shing-Tung Yau
1998
Cathleen Synge Morawetz
1999
Felix Browder
Ronald R. Coifman

2000s|

2000
John Griggs Thompson
Karen Uhlenbeck
2001
Calyampudi R. Rao
Elias M. Stein
2002
James G. Glimm
2003
Carl R. de Boor
2004
Dennis P. Sullivan
2005
Bradley Efron
2006
Hyman Bass
2007
Leonard Kleinrock
Andrew J. Viterbi
2009
David B. Mumford

2010s|

2010
Richard A. Tapia
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2011
Solomon W. Golomb
Barry Mazur
2012
Alexandre Chorin
David Blackwell
2013
Michael Artin

2020s|

2025
Ingrid Daubechies
Cynthia Dwork

Physical sciences

| 1960s|

1963
Luis W. Alvarez
1964
Julian Schwinger
Harold Urey
Robert Burns Woodward
1965
John Bardeen
Peter Debye
Leon M. Lederman
William Rubey
1966
Jacob Bjerknes
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Henry Eyring
John H. Van Vleck
Vladimir K. Zworykin
1967
Jesse Beams
Francis Birch
Gregory Breit
Louis Hammett
George Kistiakowsky
1968
Paul Bartlett
Herbert Friedman
Lars Onsager
Eugene Wigner
1969
Herbert C. Brown
Wolfgang Panofsky

|

1970s|

1970
Robert H. Dicke
Allan R. Sandage
John C. Slater
John A. Wheeler
Saul Winstein
1973
Carl Djerassi
Maurice Ewing
Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
Vladimir Haensel
Frederick Seitz
Robert Rathbun Wilson
1974
Nicolaas Bloembergen
Paul Flory
William Alfred Fowler
Linus Carl Pauling
Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
1975
Hans A. Bethe
Joseph O. Hirschfelder
Lewis Sarett
Edgar Bright Wilson
Chien-Shiung Wu
1976
Samuel Goudsmit
Herbert S. Gutowsky
Frederick Rossini
Verner Suomi
Henry Taube
George Uhlenbeck
1979
Richard P. Feynman
Herman Mark
Edward M. Purcell
John Sinfelt
Lyman Spitzer
Victor F. Weisskopf

1980s|

1982
Philip W. Anderson
Yoichiro Nambu
Edward Teller
Charles H. Townes
1983
E. Margaret Burbidge
Maurice Goldhaber
Helmut Landsberg
Walter Munk
Frederick Reines
Bruno B. Rossi
J. Robert Schrieffer
1986
Solomon J. Buchsbaum
H. Richard Crane
Herman Feshbach
Robert Hofstadter
Chen-Ning Yang
1987
Philip Abelson
Walter Elsasser
Paul C. Lauterbur
George Pake
James A. Van Allen
1988
D. Allan Bromley
Paul Ching-Wu Chu
Walter Kohn
Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
Jack Steinberger
1989
Arnold O. Beckman
Eugene Parker
Robert Sharp
Henry Stommel

1990s|

1990
Allan M. Cormack
Edwin M. McMillan
Robert Pound
Roger Revelle
1991
Arthur L. Schawlow
Ed Stone
Steven Weinberg
1992
Eugene M. Shoemaker
1993
Val Fitch
Vera Rubin
1994
Albert Overhauser
Frank Press
1995
Hans Dehmelt
Peter Goldreich
1996
Wallace S. Broecker
1997
Marshall Rosenbluth
Martin Schwarzschild
George Wetherill
1998
Don L. Anderson
John N. Bahcall
1999
James Cronin
Leo Kadanoff

2000s|

2000
Willis E. Lamb
Jeremiah P. Ostriker
Gilbert F. White
2001
Marvin L. Cohen
Raymond Davis Jr.
Charles Keeling
2002
Richard Garwin
W. Jason Morgan
Edward Witten
2003
G. Brent Dalrymple
Riccardo Giacconi
2004
Robert N. Clayton
2005
Ralph A. Alpher
Lonnie Thompson
2006
Daniel Kleppner
2007
Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
Charles P. Slichter
2008
Berni Alder
James E. Gunn
2009
Yakir Aharonov
Esther M. Conwell
Warren M. Washington

2010s|

2011
Sidney Drell
Sandra Faber
Sylvester James Gates
2012
Burton Richter
Sean C. Solomon
2014
Shirley Ann Jackson

2020s|

2023
Barry Barish
Myriam Sarachik
2025
Richard Alley
Wendy Freedman
Keivan Stassun

* v
* t
* e

Presidents of the Botanical Society of America

1894–1924|

* William Trelease (1894)
* Charles Edwin Bessey (1895)
* John Merle Coulter (1896)
* Nathaniel Lord Britton (1897)
* Lucien Marcus Underwood (1898)
* Benjamin Lincoln Robinson (1899)
* Byron Halsted (1900)
* Joseph Charles Arthur (1901)
* Beverly Thomas Galloway (1902)
* Charles Reid Barnes (1903)
* Robert Almer Harper (1904)
* William Ashbrook Kellerman (1905)
* Franklin Sumner Earle (1906)
* George Francis Atkinson (1907)
* William Francis Ganong (1908)
* Roland Thaxter (1909)
* Erwin Frink Smith (1910)
* William Gilson Farlow (1911)
* Lewis Ralph Jones (1912)
* Douglas Houghton Campbell (1913)
* A. S. Hitchcock (1914)
* John Merle Coulter (1915)
* Robert Almer Harper (1916)
* Frederick Charles Newcombe (1917)
* William Trelease (1918)
* Joseph Charles Arthur (1919)
* Nathaniel Lord Britton (1920)
* Charles Elmer Allen (1921)
* Henry Chandler Cowles (1922)
* Benjamin Minge Duggar (1923)
* William Chambers Coker (1924)

1925–1949|

* Jacob R. Schramm (1925)
* Liberty Hyde Bailey (1926)
* Harley Harris Bartlett (1927)
* Arthur Henry Reginald Buller (1928)
* Margaret Clay Ferguson (1929)
* Lester W. Sharp (1930)
* Charles Joseph Chamberlain (1931)
* George James Peirce (1932)
* Ezra Jacob Kraus (1933)
* E. D. Merrill (1934)
* Aven Nelson (1935)
* C. Stuart Gager (1936)
* Edmund Ware Sinnott (1937)
* Arthur Johnson Eames (1938)
* Karl McKay Wiegand (1939)
* Edgar Nelson Transeau (1940)
* John Theodore Buchholz (1941)
* Merritt Lyndon Fernald (1942)
* William Jacob Robbins (1943)
* Gilbert Morgan Smith (1944)
* Irving Widmer Bailey (1945)
* Neil Everett Stevens (1946)
* Ralph Erskine Cleland (1947)
* Henry Allan Gleason (1948)
* Ivey Foreman Lewis (1949)

1950–1974|

* Albert Francis Blakeslee (1950)
* Katherine Esau (1951)
* Edgar Anderson (1952)
* Ralph H. Wetmore (1953)
* Adriance S. Foster (1954)
* Oswald Tippo (1955)
* Harriet Creighton (1956)
* George S. Avery Jr. (1957)
* Frits Warmolt Went (1958)
* William Campbell Steere (1959)
* Kenneth V. Thimann (1960)
* Vernon Cheadle (1961)
* G. Ledyard Stebbins (1962)
* Constantine John Alexopoulos (1963)
* Paul J. Kramer (1964)
* Aaron John Sharp (1965)
* Harold Charles Bold (1966)
* Ralph Emerson (1967)
* Arthur Galston (1968)
* Harlan Parker Banks (1969)
* Lincoln Constance (1970)
* Richard C. Starr (1971)
* Charles Heimsch (1972)
* Arthur Cronquist (1973)
* Theodore Delevoryas (1974)

1975–1999|

* Peter H. Raven (1975)
* Barbara Frances Palser (1976)
* Warren H. Wagner (1977)
* William August Jensen (1978)
* Herbert George Baker (1979)
* Charles Bixler Heiser (1980)
* Patricia Kern Holmgren (1981)
* Ernest M. Gifford, Jr. (1982)
* Barbara D. Webster (1983)
* Mildred Esther Mathias (1984)
* William Louis Stern (1985–86)
* Ray Franklin Evert (1986–87)
* Shirley Cotter Tucker (1987–88)
* W. Hardy Eshbaugh (1988–89)
* David Leonard Dilcher (1989–90)
* Beryl B. Simpson (1990–91)
* William Louis Culberson (1991–92)
* Gregory Joseph Anderson (1992–93)
* Grady Webster (1993–94)
* Harry T. Horner (1994–95)
* Barbara A. Schaal (1995–96)
* Daniel Crawford (1996–97)
* Nancy Dengler (1997–98)
* Carol C. Baskin (1998–99)

2000–present|

* Douglas E. Soltis (1999–2000)
* Patricia G. Gensel (2000–1)
* Judy Jernstedt (2001–2)
* Scott D. Russell (2002–3)
* Linda E. Graham (2003–4)
* Allison A. Snow (2004–5)
* Edward L. Schneider (2005–6)
* Christopher H. Haufler (2006–7)
* Pamela S. Soltis (2007–8)
* Karl J. Niklas (2008–9)
* Kent Holsinger (2009–10)
* Judith Skog (2010–11)
* Stephen G. Weller (2011–12)
* Elizabeth Kellogg (2012–13)
* Pamela Diggle (2013–14)
* Tom Ranker (2014–15)
* Richard Olmstead (2015–16)
* Gordon Uno (2016–17)
* Loren Rieseberg (2017–18)
* Andrea Wolfe (2018–19)
* Linda Watson (2019–20)
* Cynthia S. Jones (2020–21)
* Michael Donoghue (2021–22)
* Vivian Negron-Ortiz (2022–23)
* Brenda Molano-Flores (2023–24)
* Jenny Xiang (2024–2025)

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Latvia
* Korea
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia

Academics|

* CiNii

People|

* Trove
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC
* Yale LUX

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