Khamas (raga)

A Janya raga of Carnatic music

KhamasArohanam| S M₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ

|

Avarohanam| Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S
Carnatic music

Tanjavur-style tambura

Concepts

* Śruti
* Svara
* Rāga
* Tāḷa
* Mēḷakarta
* Asaṃpūrṇa Mēḷakarta

Compositions

* Gītaṃ
* Svarajati
* Varṇaṃ
* Kr̥ti
* Kīrtana
* Rāgaṃ Tānaṃ Pallavi
* Tillana

Instruments

Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin

Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil

Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

* Composers
* Glossary

* v
* t
* e

Khamas[1][2] or Kamās/ Khamās /Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale.

It is a scale that evokes Shringara rasa.[1][2] It is suitable for javali type compositions.[2]

## Structure and lakshana

[edit]

Parent scale Harikambhoji with shadjam at C

Khamas is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham in the ascending scale. It is a vakra-shadava-sampurna rāgam (vakra-shadava, meaning 6 notes in ascending scale with zig-zag moves).[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

* ārohaṇa : S M₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ[a]
* avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadham in ascending scale, with chathusruthi rishabham included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

## Alternate versions

[edit]

Originally, Khamas was an upanga raga (uses only the notes in the parent scale). Later with the usage in javalis and other later compositions, the bhashanga type of Khamas came into use (using notes external to the scale).[1] Kakali nishadam (N3) is introduced as anya swara (external note) occasionally.[1]

According to Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music, Khamas is a sampurna raga with no zig-zag notes (no vakra usage).[1][2]

Khamāj (खमाज) of Hindustani Music closely resembles Khamas raga. The Hindi film song ‘Tere Mere Milan Ki’ from the movie Abhimaan is based on Khamaj.[3]

## Popular compositions

[edit]

There are many compositions set to Khamas rāgam. Here are some popular kritis, thillanas and varnams composed in this ragam.

* Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate(Daru Varnam) by Muthiah Bhagavatar
* Santana-gopala krishnam, shadanane sakalam arpayami and Sarasa Dala Nayana by Muthuswami Dikshitar
* Sujana jeevana and Seethapathe composed by Tyagaraja
* Manasa Ramuni Maravakave by Venkataramana Bhagavatar
* Dooru Maduvarene, Mooruthiyanu niliso By Purandara Dasa
* Maatada Baradeno By Bangalore Nagarathnamma
* Rama jogi mandu, Ivela Nannu brovara and Rama rara by Bhadrachala Ramadasu
* Entaninne by Subbarama Dikshitar
* Broche vaarevaru ra and Intha paraakaelanayya by Mysore Vasudevachar, whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
* Idathu padam thookki and Rama nama amrutha by Papanasam Sivan
* Tham Tham Tham - Thillana by Patnam Subramania Iyer
* Dholayam chala Dholayam chala by Annamacharya
* Upendram ashrayami santatam by Mysore Vasudevacharya
* Shambho mahadeva chandrachuda by Parameswara Bhagavatar
* Saraswati sarasa-vani sarasija-bhavunikki-rani by Varadadasar
* Sarasa-sama-mukha, palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha by Swathi Tirunal
* Jayati jayati bharata-mata by Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri

## Film Compositions

[edit]

### Language:Tamil

[edit]

Song  | Movie  | Composer  | Singer

|
|
|

Orunaal Oru Pozhuthu  | Thiruneelakantar | Papanasam Sivan | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Maanida Jenmam Meendum Vandhidumo  | Raja Mukthi | C. R. Subburaman
Naan Pesa Vanthen  | Palloti Valartha Killi  | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Pallaviye Charanam  | Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam
Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based)  | Komberi Mookan
Margazhi Matham  | Panjami(Unreleased Movie)  | S. Janaki, T. V. Gopalakrishnan
Kootathilae Kovil Pura(Karnataka Khamas Based)  | Idaya Kovil | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Ponnil Vaanam(Karnataka Khamas Based)  | Villu Pattukaran | S. Janaki
Uyirum Neeye  | Pavithra | A. R. Rahman | P. Unnikrishnan
Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu  | Anthimanthaarai | Swarnalatha
Poo Poovaa  | Unnai Kann Theduthey | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Febi Mani
Sokka Naanum Nikkuren  | Boat | Ghibran | Sudha Raghunathan

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Alternate notations:

* Hindustani: S M G M P D Ṉ Ṡ
* Western: C F E F G A B♭ C

2. ^ Alternate notations:

* Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S
* Western: C B♭ A G F E D C

## References

[edit]

* India portal
* Music portal

1. ^ a b c d e f Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
2. ^ a b c d e Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
3. ^ Hindustani music's equivalent of Khamas Raga

* v
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Melakarta Ragas

Shuddha
Madhyama
Ragas|

| Indu chakra|

* 1\. Kanakangi
* 2\. Ratnangi
* 3\. Ganamurti
* 4\. Vanaspati
* 5\. Manavati
* 6\. Tanarupi

|

Netra chakra|

* 7\. Senavati
* 8\. Hanumatodi
* 9\. Dhenuka
* 10\. Natakapriya
* 11\. Kokilapriya
* 12\. Rupavati

Agni chakra|

* 13\. Gayakapriya
* 14\. Vakulabharanam
* 15\. Mayamalavagowla
* 16\. Chakravakam
* 17\. Suryakantam
* 18\. Hatakambari

Veda chakra|

* 19\. Jhankaradhvani
* 20\. Natabhairavi
* 21\. Keeravani
* 22\. Kharaharapriya
* 23\. Gourimanohari
* 24\. Varunapriya

Bana chakra|

* 25\. Mararanjani
* 26\. Charukesi
* 27\. Sarasangi
* 28\. Harikambhoji
* 29\. Sankarabharanam
* 30\. Naganandini

Ritu chakra|

* 31\. Yagapriya
* 32\. Ragavardhini
* 33\. Gangeyabhushani
* 34\. Vagadheeswari
* 35\. Shulini
* 36\. Chalanata

Prati
Madhyama
Ragas|

| Rishi chakra|

* 37\. Salagam
* 38\. Jalarnavam
* 39\. Jhalavarali
* 40\. Navaneetam
* 41\. Pavani
* 42\. Raghupriya

|

Vasu chakra|

* 43\. Gavambhodi
* 44\. Bhavapriya
* 45\. Shubhapantuvarali
* 46\. Shadvidamargini
* 47\. Suvarnangi
* 48\. Divyamani

Brahma chakra|

* 49\. Dhavalambari
* 50\. Namanarayani
* 51\. Kamavardani
* 52\. Ramapriya
* 53\. Gamanashrama
* 54\. Vishwambari

Disi chakra|

* 55\. Shamalangi
* 56\. Shanmukhapriya
* 57\. Simhendramadhyamam
* 58\. Hemavati
* 59\. Dharmavati
* 60\. Neetimati

Rudra chakra|

* 61\. Kantamani
* 62\. Rishabhapriya
* 63\. Latangi
* 64\. Vachaspati
* 65\. Mechakalyani
* 66\. Chitrambari

Aditya chakra|

* 67\. Sucharitra
* 68\. Jyoti swarupini
* 69\. Dhatuvardani
* 70\. Nasikabhushani
* 71\. Kosalam
* 72\. Rasikapriya

* Carnatic music
* Swaras
* Ragas
* Asampurna Melakarta Ragas
* Janya ragas
* List of Janya ragas

* v
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* e

Janya ragas

A-B|

* Abheri
* Abhogi
* Ahiri
* Amritavarshini
* Amritha Kalyani
* Anandabhairavi
* Andolika
* Arabhi
* Asaveri
* Atana
* Bageshri
* Bahudari
* Bhairavi
* Bhimsen
* Bhupalam
* Bilahari
* Bowli

D-J|

* Darbar
* Darbari Kanada
* Devagandhari
* Dhanyasi
* Gambhiranata
* Garudadhvani
* Gaula
* Hamsadhvani
* Hamsanadam
* Hamsanandi
* Hindolam
* Jana Ranjani
* Jaunpuri

K-L|

* Kalavati
* Kalyanavasantam
* Kambhoji
* Kāpi
* Karnataka Shuddha Saveri
* Kathanakuthuhalam
* Kedaragaula
* Kedaram
* Khamas
* Lalitha
* Lavangi

* Mahati
* Madhuvanti
* Madhyamavati
* Malahari
* Malayamarutam
* Mohanakalyani
* Mohanam
* Mukhari

N-R|

* Nada Kalyani
* Nagasvaravali
* Nata
* Nattakurinji
* Navarasa kannada
* Niroshta
* Pharaju
* Poornachandrika
* Punnagavarali
* Ranjani
* Reethigowla
* Revagupti
* Revati

* Sahana
* Salaga Bhairavi
* Saramati
* Saveri
* Shivaranjani
* Sri Tyagaraja
* Shree ragam
* Shree ranjani
* Shuddha Saveri
* Sindhu Bhairavi
* Sunadavinodini
* Surutti

T-V|

* Thyagaraja Mangalam
* Tilang
* Udayaravichandrika (Shuddha Dhanyasi)
* Valaji
* Varali
* Vasantha
* Yadukulakamboji
* Yamunakalyani

* Carnatic music
* Swaras
* Melakarta ragas
* Asampurna Melakarta ragas
* List of Janya ragas

*[S]: Shadja (Sa)
*[M₁]: Shuddha Madhyama
*[G₃]: Antara Gandhara
*[P]: Pancham (Pa)
*[D₂]: Chatushruti Dhaivata
*[N₂]: Kaishiki Nishada
*[Ṡ]: Shadja (Sa, higher octave)
*[R₂]: Chatushruti Rishabha
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[M]: Shuddha Madhyama
*[G]: Shuddha Gandhara
*[D]: Shuddha Dhaivata
*[Ṉ]: Komal Nishada
*[R]: Shuddha Re