Khanda (Sikh symbol)

Sikh symbol depicting Deg Tegh Fateh doctrine

The Khanda, a symbol of Sikhs Part of a series on

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The Khanda (Punjabi: ਖੰਡਾ, romanized: khaṇḍā) is the symbol of the Sikhism which attained its current form around the 1930s during the Ghadar Movement.[1]

## Description

[edit]

Early Khanda design from a promotional flyer advertising the upcoming birthday celebration of Guru Gobind Singh, Vancouver, Canada, December 1911.

The modern Sikh symbol is never written on or in any copy of the Guru Granth Sahib. The main symbol traditionally used in the Guru Granth Sahib and Gurdwaras around the world is "Ik Onkar". Traditionally, it was very common to see "Ik Onkar" above the entrance to a Gurdwara, or on the front page of the Guru Granth Sahib. The other one was the Aad Chand.

It is an amalgam of 3 symbols:[2]

* A double-edged khanda (sword) in the centre
* A chakkar (chakram)
* Two single-edged daggers, or kirpan, crossed at the bottom, which sit on either side of the khanda and chakkar. They represent the dual characteristics of Miri-Piri, indicating the integration of both spiritual and temporal sovereignty together and not treating them as two separate and distinct entities.[3] The left sword is called Miri and the right sword is called Piri.[4]

It depicts the Sikh doctrine Deg Tegh Fateh in emblematic form. It consists of three weapons and a circle: the khanda, two kirpans and the chakkar which is a sharp circular throwing weapon. Deg Teg Fateh (Punjabi: ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ਼ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ), or Victory to Charity and Arms) is a Sikh slogan and the title of an anthem in the Punjabi language that signifies the dual obligations of the Khalsa: The responsibility to provide food, and to provide protection, for the needy and oppressed. Deg refers to the "cauldron" and Tegh to the "sword". The cauldron or kettle symbolizes charity and is a reference to the Sikh religious obligation to provide langar, the free distribution of food, to all people, irrespective of an individual's religion, caste or ethnicity. The sword, or (kirpan), represents the warrior code of the Khalsa. The Khanda icon conveys these two principles. It is the military emblem of the Sikhs. It is also part of the design of the Nishan Sahib. A double-edged khanda (sword) is placed at the top of a Nishan Sahib flag as an ornament or finial.

In recent years, the Khanda has been used to show solidarity within the Sikh community after high-profile shootings in the United States.[5]

Another symbol that may be confused with the Khanda is the aad chand (lit. 'half moon') of the Nihang, which consists of a khanda sword in the middle of a crescent, aligned with points upward.[6]

## Character encodings and emoji

[edit]

The symbol is encoded in Unicode, at code point U+262C ☬ ADI SHAKTI in the Miscellaneous Symbols block, and at U+1FAAF 🪯 KHANDA in the Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A block; the latter was added in Unicode 15.0 in 2022,[7] and defaults to colour emoji presentation. The approach of using a separate code point, rather than using an emoji variation sequence, was taken in this case[8] since the use of variation sequences for emoji is now regarded as having been a mistake to begin with,[9] although Samsung had already implemented a colour glyph for U+262C since 2013.[10]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs". www.sikhmuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-15. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
2. ^ Rose, David (1995). Sikhism photopack. Folens limited. p. 10\. ISBN 1852767693.
3. ^ Teece, Geoff. Sikhism. Black Rabbit Books. p. 18\. ISBN 1583404694.
4. ^ "Parts of Khanda (Sikh Emblem) - Khanda Infographic | Nitnem Sahib". nitnemsahib.com. 2021-10-07. Archived from the original on 2022-09-29. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
5. ^ Nolan, Bruce. "Sikhs in New Orleans gather for Milwaukee shooting victims" Archived 2014-05-08 at the Wayback Machine, The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, 08 August 2012. Retrieved on 08 May 2014.
6. ^ "Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs". www.sikhmuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-16. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
7. ^ "Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A" (PDF). Unicode 15.0 Versioned Charts (delta charts). Unicode Consortium. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
8. ^ Ewell, Doug (2022-09-26). "Process of transforming existing glyphs to emojis via variants". Unicode Mailing List Archives. Archived from the original on 2023-09-01. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
9. ^ Bettencourt, Rebecca; Ewell, Doug. "Proposal to disunify Symbols for Legacy Computing from emoji" (PDF). UTC L2/23-252. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
10. ^ "Adi Shakti on Samsung TouchWiz Nature UX 2". Emojipedia. Archived from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2023-09-01.

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