Kharam language

Southern Naga language of Manipur, India

This article contains the Meitei alphabet. Without proper rendering support, you may see errors in display.

Kharam

Transliteration of "Kharam" in Meitei script

Native to| India
Region| Manipur
Ethnicity| Kharam people

Native speakers

| 1,400 (2000)[1]

Language family

Sino-Tibetan

* (Tibeto-Burman)
* Kuki-Chin-Naga
* Southern Naga
* Kharam

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `kfw`
Glottolog| `khar1288` Kharam Naga

Kharam is a Southern Naga language of India. Peterson (2017)[2] classifies the closely related Purum language (and hence Kharam as well) as part of the Northwestern branch of Kuki-Chin. According Ethnologue, Kharam shares a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Purum. The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.[3]

## Geographical distribution[edit]

Kharam Naga is spoken in the following locations of Manipur (Ethnologue).

* Senapati district: Purumlikli, Purumkhulen, Purumkhunou, Waicheiphai, and Moibunglikli villages
* Chandel district: Lamlang Huipi, Chandanpokpi, Khongkhang Chothe, Loirang Talsi, Salemthar, Zat’lang, and New Wangparan villages

## References[edit]

1. ^ Kharam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. ^ Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley, 189-209. Leiden: Brill.
3. ^ "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2023-05-03.

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* e

Sino-Tibetan branches

Western Himalayas
(Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)|

* West Himalayish
* Tamangic
* Newaric
* Newar
* Baram–Thangmi
* Kiranti
* Dhimalish
* Dhimal
* Toto
* Lhokpu
* Lepcha

| Greater Magaric|

* Magaric
* Magar
* Kham
* Chepangic
* Chepang
* Bhujel
* Raji–Raute
* Dura–Tandrange

|

Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)|

* Bodish
* Tibetic
* East Bodish
* Tshangla
* Basum
* Nam?
* Gongduk
* ʼOle
* Tani
* Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border|

* Karbi
* Kuki-Chin
* Mruic
* Mru
* Hkongso
* Pyu
* Taman

| "Naga"|

* Ao
* Angami–Pochuri
* Meitei
* Tangkhulic
* Zeme

|

Sal|

* Boro–Garo
* Konyak
* Jingpho–Luish

East and Southeast Asia|

* Sinitic
* Bai
* Tujia
* Nungish
* Karenic
* Gong
* Kathu
* Cai–Long
* Caijia
* Longjia
* Luren

| Burmo-Qiangic|

* Qiangic
* Gyalrongic
* Ersuic
* Naic
* Lolo-Burmese
* Mondzish
* Burmish
* Loloish

|

Dubious (possible isolates)
(Arunachal)|

* Hrusish
* Hruso
* Mijiic
* Kho-Bwa
* Puroik
* Miju–Meyor
* Songlin

| Greater Siangic|

* Siangic
* Koro
* Milang
* Idu–Taraon

|

Proposed groupings|

* Central Tibeto-Burman
* Kuki-Chin–Naga
* Macro-Bai
* Mahakiranti
* Rung
* Tibeto-Burman
* Tibeto-Kanauri

Proto-languages|

* Proto-Sino-Tibetan
* Proto-Tibeto-Burman
* Proto-Loloish
* Proto-Karenic
* Proto-Min
* Proto-Hakka

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

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Kuki-Chin–Naga languages

Kuki-Chin|

| Southern Naga
(Northwestern)|

* Aimol
* Anal
* Chiru
* Chothe
* Kharam
* Koireng
* Kom
* Lamkang
* Monsang
* Moyon
* Purum
* Tarao
* Ranglong
* Sorbung

|

Northern|

* Thadou
* Tedim
* Paite
* Gangte
* Simte
* Sizang
* Vaiphei
* Zo
* Ngawn
* Ralte

Central|

* Mizo
* Hmar
* Biate
* Hrangkhol
* Sakachep
* Hakha
* Falam
* Bawm
* Thor
* Pangkhu
* Saihriem
* Darlong

Maraic|

* Mara
* Lautu
* Zyphe
* Senthang
* Zotung

Khomic|

* Khumi
* Mro-Khimi
* Rengmitca

Southern|

* Shö
* Thaiphum
* Daai
* Kʼchò
* Nga La
* Welaung
* Kaang
* Laitu
* Ekai
* Rungtu
* Songlai
* Sumtu

Naga|

| Ao (Central Naga)|

* Ao
* Chungli Ao
* Mongsen Ao
* Long Phuri
* Para
* Sangtam
* Yimchungrü
* Lotha
* Makury
* Wui

|

Angami–Pochuri|

* Angami
* Chokri
* Kheza
* Sopvoma
* Poula
* Pochuri
* Ntenyi
* Rengma
* Sümi

Tangkhulic|

* Tangkhul
* Somra
* Akyaung Ari
* Kachai
* Huishu
* Champhung
* Tusom
* Suansu
* Challow
* Kongai
* Koki
* Maring
* Uipo

Zemeic (Western Naga)|

* Zeme
* Liangmai
* Rongmei
* Mzieme
* Inpui
* Khoirao
* Maram

Meitei|

* Meitei

Karbic|

* Karbi
* Amri

* v
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* e

Languages of Northeast India

Arunachal
Pradesh|

| Sal|

* Deori
* Nocte
* Singpho
* Tangsa
* Tutsa
* Wancho

|

Tani|

* Adi
* Apatani
* Bori
* Gallong
* Nishi
* Tangam
* Yano

Other|

* Assamese
* Hajong
* Karbi
* Milang
* Nefamese
* Puimei

Assam|

| Indo-Aryan|

* Assamese‎
* Bengali
* Bishnupriya Manipuri
* Haflong Hindi
* Sylheti

|

Sino-Tibetan|

| Kuki-Chin|

* Amri
* Bawm
* Biate
* Chiru
* Gangte
* Hmar
* Hrangkhol
* Karbi
* Paite
* Ranglong
* Saihriem
* Sakachep
* Vaiphei

|

Sal|

* Barman
* Bodo
* Deori
* Dimasa
* Garo
* Kachari
* Koch
* Kokborok
* Moran
* Nocte
* Rabha
* Singpho
* Tangsa
* Tiwa
* Turung
* Tutsa
* Wancho

Tani|

* Adi
* Bangni-Tagin
* Bokar
* Hill Miri
* Mising
* Na
* Nishi

Zeme|

* Inpui
* Khoirao
* Maram
* Rongmei
* Zeme

Other|

* Hajong
* Meitei

Kra-Dai|

* Ahom
* Khamti
* Khamyang
* Tai Aiton
* Tai Phake

Manipur|

| Kuki-Chin|

| Northern|

* Anal
* Biate
* Chiru
* Chothe
* Gangte
* Hrangkhol
* Kom
* Lamkang
* Moyon
* Paite
* Purum
* Ralte
* Simte
* Thadou
* Vaiphei
* Zou

|

Other|

* Hmar
* Mizo
* Monsang
* Sakachep
* Sorbung
* Tarao

Zeme|

* Inpui
* Khoirao
* Maram
* Puimei
* Rongmei
* Zeme

Other|

* Chairel
* Maring
* Uipo
* Meitei
* Sopvoma
* Tangkhul

Meghalaya|

| Kuki-Chin|

* Amri
* Biate
* Gangte
* Karbi
* Khelma
* Mizo
* Vaiphei

|

Khasic|

* Khasi
* Lyngngam
* Pnar
* War

Other|

* Atong
* Garo
* Hajong
* Koch

Mizoram|

* Biate
* Falam
* Hakha Chin
* Hmar
* Khelma
* Kokborok
* Mara
* Mizo
* Nga La
* Ranglong
* Paite
* Ralte
* Tedim
* Zyphe

Nagaland|

| Sino-
Tibetan|

| Angami-
Pochuri|

* Angami
* Chokri
* Kuzhami
* Moyon
* Ntenyi
* Pochuri
* Rengma
* Sema
* Sopvoma

|

Ao|

* Ao
* Lotha
* Mongsen Ao
* Sangtam
* Wui
* Yimchungrü

Sal|

* Chang
* Dimasa
* Khiamniungan
* Konyak
* Nocte
* Phom
* Wancho

Zeme|

* Inpui
* Lamkang
* Mzieme
* Rongmei
* Zeme

Other|

* Chiru
* Chothe
* Khelma
* Makury
* Tangkhul

Other|

* Assamese
* Nagamese Creole

Sikkim|

* Gurung
* Lepcha‎
* Limbu‎
* Magar
* Nepali
* Newar‎
* Sherpa
* Sikkimese
* Sunwar‎
* Tamang
* Yakkha
* Yolmo

Tripura|

| Indo-Aryan|

* Bengali
* Bishnupriya Manipuri
* Sylheti

|

Sino-Tibetan|

* Bawm
* Darlong
* Koch
* Kokborok
* Meitei
* Mizo
* Paite
* Ralte
* Ranglong
* Tangkhul
* Thadou
* Vaiphei
* Zeme

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