Kielce pogrom (1918)

1918 pogrom in Poland

Kielce in the 1920s, Sienkiewicza Street where the Polish Theatre was located

For the 1946 massacre, see Kielce Pogrom.

The Kielce pogrom of 1918 refers to the events that occurred on 11 November 1918, in the Polish city of Kielce located in current Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. According to 1919 Report by Henry Morgenthau, Sr. who led the Mission of The United States to Poland; during Poland's fight for independence towards the end of the First World War, shortly after the Austro-Hungarian troops were evacuated from Kielce by their military command, the city authorities allowed local Jewish community to hold a rally at the Polish Theatre. The participants rallied behind the Jewish demand for political and cultural autonomy.[1] According to one U.S. source, during the rally, anti-Polish speeches were also being delivered. A respected lawyer, Mr. Frajzyngier, who attempted to deliver a public address in Polish was booed. The angry audience shouted: "No Polish language here!" According to Stanisław Białek from the Jan Karski Society, the voices of protest sparked a rumour about the anti-Polish character of the meeting.[2] As the meeting went on, a crowd of Polish onlookers gathered outside the theatre.[1]

At 6:30 P.M. the meeting began to break up, wrote Morgenthau. Only about 300 people remained in the auditorium. Soon, a group of soldiers entered the theatre and began to search for arms, driving the Jews towards the stairs, where a double line of extremists, some armed with clubs and bayonets beat the Jews as they were leaving the building according to Morgenthau. Outside the theatre, Jews were assaulted by the mob again. Jewish homes and shops were damaged. During the pogrom, four Jews were killed and a large number wounded, wrote Morgenthau.[1][3] "A number of civilians have been indicted for participation in this excess", but had not been brought to trial by the time his report was delivered.[1][4]

## See also

[edit]

* Kielce pogrom
* Pinsk massacre

## References

[edit]

English Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Mission of The United States to Poland: Henry Morgenthau, Sr. report

1. ^ a b c d Mission of The United States to Poland, Henry Morgenthau, Sr. Report
2. ^ Stanisław Białek (2016). "Historia kieleckich Żydów" [History of the Kielce Jews]. Stowarzyszenie im. Jana Karskiego. First published in Słowo Żydowskie magazine (07/2011) by Towarzystwo Społeczno-Kulturalne Żydów w Polsce. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05. Retrieved 2016-06-17. "Z sali padły okrzyki: My nie chcemy po polsku!"
3. ^ "A RECORD OF POGROMS IN POLAND" (PDF), The New York Times, pp. 1–3, June 1, 1919 based on information provided by a Russian writer M.J. Olgin, a Jewish Communist representing Bolshevik interests in Poland which ultimately led to the Polish–Soviet War of 1919. Olgin escaped to USA in 1915 and began to advocate that the affairs of Poland need to be taken over by an external force.
4. ^ Województwo Świętokrzyskie – Kielce (including Kielce Synagogue/Synagoga w Kielcach). (in Polish)

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Post-World War II|

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Category  .  List of active synagogues

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Massacres or pogroms against Jews

1st – 13th century|

| 1–999|

* Alexandrian pogrom (38)
* 2nd Alexandrian pogrom (66)

| Jewish revolts|

* The Great Revolt (66–73)
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1000–1299|

* Córdoba massacre (1013)
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| Rhineland massacres (1096)|

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* Ham massacre (1143)
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14th – 19th century|

| 1300–1599|

* Shepherds' Crusade (1320)
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| Persecution of Jews during the Black Death (1348–1350)|

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* Toledo massacre (1355)
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1600–1899|

* Chmielnicki massacres (1648–1657)
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* Massacre of Uman (1768)
* Tétouan pogrom (1790)
* Algiers massacre (1805)
* Hep-Hep riots (1819)
* First Odessa pogrom (1821)
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* Tzfat pogrom (1834)
* Hebron pogrom (1834)
* Safed massacre (1838)
* Allahdad (1839)
* Damascus affair (1840)
* Second Odessa pogrom (1859)
* Tétouan massacre (1860)
* Third Odessa pogrom (1871)

| Russian Empire (1881–1884)|

* Kiev
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* Fourth Odessa pogrom

|

* Corfu pogrom (1891)
* 1898 Algerian riots (1898)

20th century|

| 1900–1937|

* Częstochowa pogrom (1902)
* First Kishinev pogrom (1903)
* Zablotov pogrom (1903)
* Kiev pogrom (1905)
* Fifth Odessa pogrom (1905)
* Second Kishinev pogrom (1905)
* Białystok pogrom (1906)
* Siedlce pogrom (1906)
* Casablanca massacre (1907)
* Shiraz pogrom (1910)
* The Tritl (1912)
* Lwów pogrom (1914)
* Skver pogrom (1917)
* Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation (1917)
* Kielce pogrom (1918)
* Lwów pogrom (1918)
* Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
* 1920 Nebi Musa riots

| Russian Civil War (1918–1920)|

* Lida
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* Skver
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* Fastov
* Proskurov
* Kiev

|

* Zavirtcha pogrom (1921)
* Oradea pogrom [hu] (1927)
* Safed massacre (1929)
* Hebron massacre (1929)
* Campbell pogrom (1931)
* Constantine riots (1934)
* Thrace pogroms (1934)
* The Bloody Day in Jaffa (1936)
* Przytyk pogrom (1936)
* Brest pogrom [de; pl] (1937)

1938–1945|

| 1938|

* Tiberias massacre
* Kristallnacht

|

1939|

* Częstochowa
* Krasnosielc
* Będzin
* Wyszków
* Koźmice Wielkie
* Dynów
* Ostrów Mazowiecka

|

1940|

* Dorohoi pogrom

|

1941|

* Bucharest
* Antwerp
* Gabès
* Kaunas (June)
* Dobromil
* Szczuczyn
* Białystok
* Iași
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* Kamianets-Podilskyi
* Babi Yar
* Odessa
* Švenčionėliai
* Kaunas (October)
* Rumbula
* The Holocaust (1941–1945)

|

1942|

* Dünamünde Action
* Dzyatlava
* Łużki
* Iwieniec
* Marków
* Horodziej
* Mereczowszczyzna
* Sarny

|

1943|

* Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
* Kielce cemetery massacre
* Operation Harvest Festival

|

1944|

* Ardeatine massacre
* Luduș massacre
* Sărmașu massacre
* Kremnička and Nemecká massacres (1944–1945)

|

1945|

* Stary Jaromierz
* Leśno
* Deutsch Schützen
* Kraków
* Topoľčan
* Cairo
* Tripolitania

|

1946–1999|

| 1946|

* Kielce
* Kunmadaras
* Miskolc

|

1947|

* Fajja bus attacks
* Haifa Oil Refinery
* Aden
* Aleppo
* Manama

|

1948|

* Tripoli
* Djerada
* Ben Yehuda Street bombing
* Cairo bombings
* Kfar Etzion massacre

|

1949|

* Menarsha synagogue attack

|

1950s–1960s|

* Night of the Murdered Poets (1952)
* Scorpion Pass massacre (1954)
* Istanbul pogrom (1955)
* Shafrir synagogue shooting (1956)
* Tripoli pogrom (1967)
* Purge of Polish Jews (1968)

|

1970s|

* Avivim school bus bombing (1970)
* Munich massacre (1972)
* Lod Airport massacre (1972)
* Ma'alot massacre (1974)
* Kiryat Shmona massacre (1974)
* Ben Yehuda Street bombing (1975)
* Coastal Road massacre (1978)
* Nahariya massacre (1979)

|

1980s|

* Paris synagogue bombing (1980)
* Antwerp summer camp attack (1980)
* Antwerp bombing (1981)
* Vienna synagogue attack (1981)
* Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack (1982)
* Ras Burqa massacre (1985)
* Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre (1986)
* Purim stabbing (1989)

|

1990s|

* Cairo bus attack (1990)
* Crown Heights riot (1991)
* AMIA bombing (1994)
* Dizengoff Street bus bombing (1994)
* Beit Lid massacre (1995)
* Purim massacre (1996)
* Island of Peace massacre (1997)
* Mahane Yehuda Market bombings (1997)

|

21st century|

| 2000–2009|

| 2001|

* Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
* Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing

|

2002|

* Ghriba synagogue bombing
* Hadera attack
* Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
* Passover massacre
* Matza restaurant suicide bombing
* Hebrew University bombing
* Rishon LeZion bombing
* Matzuva attack
* Hebron ambush

|

2003|

* Istanbul
* Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
* Davidka Square bus bombing
* Café Hillel bombing
* Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
* Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
* Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing

|

2004–2009|

* Beersheba bus bombings (2004)
* Ashdod Port bombings (2004)
* Tel Aviv shawarma bombing (2006)
* Jerusalem yeshiva attack (2008)

|

2010–2019|

* Itamar attack (2011)
* Burgas bus bombing (2012)
* Toulouse and Montauban shootings (2012)
* Jerusalem synagogue massacre (2014)
* Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting (2014)
* Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting (2014)
* January 2015 Île-de-France attacks (2015)
* Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege (2015)
* Tel Aviv shooting (2016)
* Halamish stabbing (2017)
* Pittsburgh synagogue shooting (2018)
* Poway synagogue shooting (2019)
* Jersey City shooting (2019)
* Monsey Hanukkah stabbing (2019)

2020–present|

* Israel riots (2021)
* Beersheba attack (2022)

| October 7 attacks|

* Be'eri
* Ein HaShlosha
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nahal Oz
* Netiv HaAsara
* Nir Oz
* Nirim
* Re'im
* Yakhini

|

* Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus (2023)
* Dagestan attacks (2024)
* Amsterdam riots (2024)

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