Knish

Ashkenazi Jewish and Eastern European baked or fried snack food

For the Ukrainian surname, see Knysh.

Knishes

Knishes with mashed potato and fried onions

Alternative names| Knysh
Type| Snack, side dish, finger food
Region or state| Ukraine, United States, Israel, other countries with a significant Ashkenazi Jewish population
Created by| Ukrainians (original version), Jewish communities in Central and Eastern Europe (modern version)
Main ingredients| Mashed potatoes, dough, ground meat, sauerkraut, onions, kasha, cheese

* Media: Knishes

A knish or knysh (/kəˈnɪʃ/ or /knɪʃ/, Ukrainian: книш) is a traditional food of Eastern European origin, characteristic of Ukrainian and Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine.[1] It typically consists of a filling covered with dough that is baked or sometimes deep fried.

In most traditional versions, the filling is made entirely of mashed potato, kasha (buckwheat groats), or cheese. Other varieties of fillings include beef, chicken, sweet potatoes, black beans, or spinach.[2]

Knishes may be round, rectangular, or square. They may be entirely covered in dough, or some filling may peek out of the top. Sizes range from those that can be eaten in a single bite hors d'oeuvre to sandwich-sized.

## Etymology

[edit]

Knish (קניש) is a Yiddish word of Slavic origin, related to Ukrainian words knysh (книш) and Polish knysz, the exact origin of which is unknown. It could be connected to the Ancient Greek term κνίση - "smell of roasting meat".[3]

## In Ukraine and other Eastern European countries

[edit]

The ancestor of the knish was a medieval fried vegetable patty or fritter; eventually, it became a stuffed item. In Ukraine, the knysh evolved into a filled yeasted bun, and today it is usually sweet rather than savoury; the Russian cousin to the Jewish knish is the pirozhok (пирожóк, plural пирожки́). The traditional food spread to neighbouring countries, migration from which helped spread the food further. Knishes began to be baked (rather than fried) around the same time the potato was popularized in Eastern Europe, and the dough wrapper gradually became more like a pastry than bread.[4]

The traditional Ukrainian knysh could be made both with and without a filling. In Volhynia, a special kind of knysh would be baked before Christmas and decorated with crosses or other symbolic figures, playing an important part in festivities. On Christmas Eve, a knysh was used to meet the guests and accompanied kutia, the traditional festive food. One or several knyshes would be put near a didukh, where they remained for two weeks until the end of the holidays. During Epiphany, it would be used as an attribute of the blessing ceremony by the head of the household. Afterward, a knysh would be given to a priest or shared between the family, with the crust being fed to a cow or other household animals, as it was considered to possess its own "soul". In parts of Ukraine, knyshes would also be baked in memory of a deceased person and brought to churches during wake ceremonies, as well as on memorial days. Small varieties of knysh made from sweet dough would also be given to children singing carols (shchedrivky) on New Year's Eve.

In Ukrainian Galicia, knysh was a daily food of the local population and could have various fillings, such as cabbage and potatoes. Among Boykos from the Carpathian region, knyshes with boiled potato, buckwheat, or cheese were widespread and are still cooked in some places. In Hutsul territories, knyshes without filling were used during confession and on Christmas Eve, meanwhile filled ones would be consumed as ordinary food. In the Ukrainian part of Polesia, knyshes could be baked without a filling or stuffed with various ingredients such as onions, dill, cheese, salo, apples, pears, berries, and poppy seeds. In Chernihiv oblast, knyshes were traditionally baked with hemp seeds. In Dnieper Ukraine, a specialty known as knysh was more similar to a pancake. In modern-day Poltava region during the early 19th century, knyshes were baked from rye and buckwheat dough with an addition of pork lard. There and in nearby Chernihiv region, knyshes were baked by unmarried girls before the New Year and would be used during a ritual of searching for a potential husband.[5]

## In the United States

[edit]

Potato knishes with nigella seed topping.

Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants who arrived sometime around 1900 brought knishes to the United States.[6]

The first knish bakery in America was founded in New York City in 1910.[7] Generally recognized as a food made popular in New York City by Jewish immigrants in the early 20th century, the United States underwent a knish renaissance in the 2000s driven by knish specialty establishments such as Knishes and Dishes in Philadelphia, the Knish Shop in Baltimore, Maryland,[8] Buffalo and Bergen[9] in Washington, DC, or My Mother's Knish,[10] in Westlake Village, California.

In the 20th century, New York City and state politicians portrayed themselves eating knishes to show solidarity with Jewish working-class people. The trend declined after suburbanization and the policies of Ed Koch and Rudy Giuliani that restricted the sale of knishes from food carts.[11]

Knishes are often purchased from street vendors in urban areas with a large Jewish population, sometimes at a hot dog stand, or from a butcher shop. They are still strongly associated with New York City cuisine. [12]

## See also

[edit]

* Food portal
* Judaism portal

* Bourekas – Filled pastry in Sephardic Jewish cuisine
* Croquette – Small breaded, deep-fried food
* Jewish cuisine – Culinary traditions of Jewish communities around the world
* Israeli cuisine – Culinary traditions of Israel
* Turnover – Pastry with a filling on a single piece of dough which has been folded over and sealed
* Yonah Shimmel's Knish Bakery – Bakery and restaurant located in ManhattanPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Baozi – a Chinese steamed bun that can be made with a variety of fillings, such as meat

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Wasserman, Tina D. (Winter 2009). "Cooking: The Ultimate Jewish Finger Food". Reform Judaism Magazine. Archived from the original on December 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
2. ^ Durand, Faith (2019-05-24). "The Newbie's Guide to the Knish". Kitchn. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
3. ^ "Що таке книш? Історія одного слова". 2023-08-15. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
4. ^ Marks, Gil (2010). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 322–323.
5. ^ "Що таке книш? Історія одного слова". 2023-08-15. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
6. ^ Smith, Andrew F. (May 2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink – Google Boeken. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195307962. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
7. ^ Yellin, Nina (2001). Kugel, Knishes, and Other Tasty Dishes. Flower Mound, TX: Smylan Reed Books. ISBN 9780962281129.
8. ^ "The Knish Shop, Baltimore". Jewishinbaltimore.com. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
9. ^ Spiegel, Anna (2012-05-24). "Gina Chersevani's Union Market Soda Shop and Bar Will Be Called Buffalo and Bergen". Washingtonian. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
10. ^ Richman, Alan (8 February 2006). "A Mother's Knishes". GQ. Retrieved 2013-01-21.
11. ^ Silverstein, Andrew (2021-04-07). "Once the staple of New York politics, whatever became of the knish?". Forward. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
12. ^ Silver, Laura (May 6, 2014). Knish: In Search of the Jewish Soul Food. Waltham, Mass.: Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-61168-312-7. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014.

## External links

[edit]

* The dictionary definition of knish at Wiktionary
* The dictionary definition of קניש at Wiktionary

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Fish dishes|

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* Category

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Potato dishes

Baked or roasted|

* Baeckeoffe
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* Gratin dauphinois
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* Knish
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Boiled or stewed|

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Bread|

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Fried|

| French fries|

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|

Other deep-fried|

* Kripik kentang
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* Vada
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Pan- or griddle-fried|

* Bubble and squeak
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Other or mixed|

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Mashed|

* Aligot
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Pies|

* Homity pie
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Salads|

* Olivier salad
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Soups|

* Ajiaco
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* Vichyssoise

Other|

* Chuño
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* Potato cake
* Potatonik

* v
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Dumplings

List of dumplings

American cuisine|

| North America|

* Apple dumpling
* Chicken and dumplings
* Crab Rangoon
* Knoephla
* Manapua
* Poutine râpée
* Rivels

|

Latin America|

* Bolinho de chuva
* Chapalele
* Corunda
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* Sorrentinos
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Caribbean|

* Ducana
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Asian cuisine|

| East Asia|

Chinese
Abacus seeds
Bah-oân
Baozi
Chhau-a-koe
Cha siu bao
Cifantuan
Fun guo
Har gow
Hujiao bing
Jiaozi
Kibi dango
Lo mai gai
Qingtuan
Shengjian mantou

Soon kueh
Shumai
Suanla chaoshou
Tangbao
Tangyuan
Taro dumpling
Wonton
Xiaolongbao
Yau gok
Zhaliang
Zongzi
Japanese
Akashiyaki
Chimaki
Daifuku
Dango
Gyōza
Hōtō
Kibi dango (millet dumpling)
Kibi dango (Okayama)
Mitarashi dango
Nikuman
Oyaki
Shūmai
Suiton
Takoyaki
Korean
Bukkumi
Eo-mandu
Gamja-ongsimi
Gyeongdan
Hoppang
Jjinppang
Mandu
Mandu-guk
Mandu-gwa
Pyeonsu
Sujebi
Songpyeon
Mongolian
Bansh
Buuz
Khuushuur

|

Southeast Asia|

Burmese
Mont baung
Mont lone yay baw
Mont phet htok
Filipino
Bibingka
Binaki
Empanada
Mache
Masi
Moche
Pancit Molo
Paowaw
Pinsec frito
Samosa
Shumai
Siopao
Indonesian
Arem-arem
Bakcang
Bakpau
Batagor
Burasa
Chai kue
Cilok
Jalangkote
Karipap
Klepon
Kue kochi
Kue putu
Kue putu mangkok
Lemang
Lemper
Lepet
Nagasari
Panada
Pangsit
Pastel
Risoles
Roti oliebol
Semar mendem
Siomay
Timphan
Thailand
Cho muang
Vietnamese
Bánh bao
Bánh bao bánh vạc
Bánh bột lọc
Other
Curry puff

South Asia|

* Ada
* Aushak
* Fish patty
* Gujhia
* Gulha
* Hoentay
* Kozhukkatta
* Lukhmi
* Modak
* Momo
* Nevryo
* Munthiri kothu
* Samosa
* Yomari

Central Asia|

* Chuchvara
* Manti
* Orama
* Samsa

West Asia|

* Gondi
* Gürzə
* Hingel
* Khinkali
* Kubbeh
* Qatayef
* Sambusak
* Shishbarak
* Tatar böreği

North Asia|

* Pelmeni
* Pyanse

European cuisine|

| Eastern Europe|

* Borș de burechiușe
* Chebureki
* Colțunași
* Halušky
* Kalduny (Kundumy)
* Knish
* Kreplach
* Mataz
* Matzah ball
* Pelmeni
* Pirozhki
* Scovardă
* Uszka
* Varenyky

|

Southern Europe|

* Agnolotti
* Pavese
* Piedmontese
* Cappelletti
* Casoncelli
* Casunziei
* Cjarsons
* Gnocchi
* Gnudi
* Mezzelune
* Ravioli
* Sacchettoni
* Tortellini
* Tortelloni

Central Europe|

* Black dumplings
* Bryndzové halušky
* Capuns
* Dampfnudel
* Germknödel
* Halušky
* Idrijski žlikrofi
* Kluski
* Knedle
* Knödel
* Kopytka
* Maultasche
* Mohnnudel
* Pampuchy
* Pickert
* Pierogi
* Pyzy
* Marillenknödel
* Schlutzkrapfen
* Schupfnudel
* Shlishkes
* Silesian dumplings
* Strapačky
* Uszka

Western Europe|

* Barbajuan
* Rissole

Northern Europe|

* Bedfordshire clanger
* Cepelinai
* Kroppkaka
* Palt
* Pitepalt
* Raspeball

African cuisine|

* Kenkey
* Sambusa

Oceanian cuisine|

* Dim sim

* v
* t
* e

Street food

Foods|

* Acarajé
* Aloo chaat
* Aloo tikki
* Anticucho
* Apam balik
* Arancini
* Arepa
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* Banana cue
* Bánh hỏi
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* Bánh xèo
* Batagor
* Beef Pares
* Beguni
* Belgian waffle
* Beondegi
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* Binaki
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* Bratwurst
* Brochette
* Bublik
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* Bun cha
* Bungeo-ppang
* Bunny chow
* Burrito
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* Calzone
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* Camote cue
* Cart noodle
* Chaat
* Chebureki
* Chiko Roll
* Chimichanga
* Chinese bhel
* Cockle (bivalve)
* Cōng yóu bǐng
* Covrigi
* Coxinha
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* Crescia
* Currywurst
* Dahi puri
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* Dim sum
* Donkey burger
* Dosa
* Doubles
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* Empanada
* Enchilada
* Esquites
* Falafel
* Farinata
* Fish ball
* Focaccia
* French fries
* French tacos
* Fried chicken (Korean, Taiwanese)
* Navajo frybread
* Galette-saucisse
* Ginanggang
* Gorengan
* Ghugni
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* Gyro
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* Hot dog
* Inihaw
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* Idli
* Jambon
* Jhalmuri
* Jiaozi
* Kaassoufflé
* Kachori
* Kapsalon
* Kati roll
* Karantika
* Kebab
* Chapli kebab
* Doner kebab
* Kyinkyinga
* Shami kebab
* List of kebabs
* Kerak telor
* Ketoprak
* Khachapuri
* Khanom Tokyo
* Kikiam
* Knish
* Kwek Kwek
* Laksa
* Lángos
* Luchi
* Malatang
* Mami
* Maruya
* Masala puri
* Meat pie
* Mie ayam
* Murtabak
* Naan
* Nem chua rán
* Obwarzanek krakowski
* Pad thai
* Pajeon
* Pakora
* Paneer tikka
* Pani câ meusa
* Panini
* Panipuri
* Panzerotti
* Papri chaat
* Paratha
* Paratha roll
* Pasty
* Pav bhaji
* Pempek
* Penyaram
* Pepito
* Peremech
* Pho
* Piadina
* Picarones
* Pilaf
* Pinasugbo
* Pirozhki
* Pizza al taglio / Pizza by the slice
* Pizzetta
* Plăcintă
* Pljeskavica
* Poha
* Poutine
* Pretzel
* Punugulu
* Puri
* Quail eggs
* Quesadilla
* Rat-on-a-stick
* Ražnjići
* Rogan josh
* Rojak
* Roti
* Roti bakar
* Roti john
* Roujiamo
* Rumali roti
* Rustico
* Sabich
* Samosa
* Sandwich
* Sardenara
* Satay
* Sausage roll
* Scaccia
* Seblak
* Sevpuri
* Sfenj
* Shao Kao
* Shashlik
* Shawarma
* Sicilian pizza
* Siomay
* Soto
* Souvlaki
* Stigghiola
* Stromboli
* Taco
* Korean taco
* Tahri
* Tahu gejrot
* Tahu sumedang
* Takoyaki
* Tamale
* Tandoori chicken
* Tangbao
* Taquito
* Tauge goreng
* Tornado potato
* Turon
* U' pastizz 'rtunnar
* Vada
* Vada pav
* Vastedda
* Vietnamese noodles
* Xôi
* Yakitori
* Zapiekanka

By location|

* Hong Kong
* India
* Chennai
* Mumbai
* Indonesia
* Mexico
* Philippines
* South Korea
* Taiwan
* Thailand

Mobile catering|

* Field kitchen
* Food booth
* Food cart
* Food truck
* Food truck rally
* Hot dog cart
* Hot dog stand
* Ice cream van
* Sausage wagon
* Taco stand
* Yatai
* Pojangmacha
* Würstelstand

Lists|

* List of street foods
* List of food trucks
* Varieties of kue/kuih

Food portal Category: Street food
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