Kowloon East (1998 constituency)

Geographical constituency in Hong Kong

This article is about a former geographical constituency of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. For the current constituency, see Kowloon East (2021 constituency).

Kowloon East

Former Geographical constituency
for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong

Boundary of Kowloon Eastin Hong Kong

District| Wong Tai Sin District
Kwun Tong District
Region| Kowloon
Population| 1,120,800 (2020)[1]
Electorate| 709,237 (2020)[2]
Former constituency
Created| 1998
Abolished| 2021
Number of members| Three (1998–2000)
Four (2000–2004; 2008–2012)
Five (2004–2008; 2012–2021)
Created from| Kowloon South-east,
Kowloon East (1995),
Kowloon North-east
Replaced by| Kowloon Central (2021)
Kowloon East (2021)

The Kowloon East geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected five members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation. The constituency corresponded to the today's districts of Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong.

## History

[edit]

For history of constituencies in Kowloon East, see Kowloon East.

The single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the proportional representation system for the first SAR Legislative Council election designed by Beijing to reward the weaker pro-Beijing candidates and dilute the electoral strength of the majority pro-democrats.[3] Three seats were allocated to Kowloon East, with the Democratic Party taking two seats, represented by Szeto Wah and Fred Li and the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) taking one seat, represented by Chan Yuen-han.

In the 2000 Legislative Council election, one more seat were allocated to Kowloon East. The DAB ticket was able to win two seats with Chan Yuen-han's popularity carried Chan Kam-lam through, with the popular votes even exceeding the Democratic ticket. One more seat was added in the 2004 election, where former pro-democracy radio host Albert Cheng swept the votes with nearly a quarter of the vote share, while pro-democracy barrister Alan Leong also won a seat, replacing Szeto Wah who was retiring.

The constituency was reduced to four seats due to the reapportionment in the 2008 Legislative Council election. With Albert Cheng stepping down from the office, the seats were divided by Chan Kam-lam of the DAB , Wong Kwok-kin of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) who was succeeding Chan Yuen-han, Fredi Li of the Democratic Party and Alan Leong of the Civic Party. Leong resigned from the legislature to launch the "Five Constituencies Referendum" in 2010 to pressure the government over the 2012 constitutional reform proposal, but was re-elected with a low turnout due to the government and pro-Beijing boycott.[4]

Kowloon East was given back five seats in the 2012 Legislative Council election, with an extra seat being fought for between pro-Beijing independent Paul Tse and two radical democrats, Andrew To of the League of Social Democrats (LSD) and Wong Yeung-tat of the People Power. Tse eventually took the last seat with a thin margin due to the pro-democracy infighting, making the pro-Beijing camp winning the majority of the seats for the first time. The balance of power remained unchanged in the 2016 election, with Wu Chi-wai taking the torch from Fred Li one term earlier, and Wilson Or and Jeremy Tam succeeding Chan Kam-lam and Alan Leong respectively.

## Returned members

[edit]

The following lists the members since the creation of the Kowloon East constituency. The number of seats allocated to Kowloon East varied between three and five between 1998 and 2016 due to reapportionment.

LegCo members for Kowloon East, 1998–2021

Term  | Election  | Member  | Member  | Member  | Member  | Member
1st | 1998 |  | Szeto Wah
(DP) |  | Chan Yuen-han
(DAB→FTU) |  | Fred Li
(DP) |  |
2nd | 2000 |  | Chan Kam-lam
(DAB)
3rd | 2004 |  | Albert Cheng
(Ind) |  |  | Alan Leong
(A45→CP)
4th | 2008 | Seat
abolished |  | Wong Kwok-kin
(FTU)
Vacant
2010 (b) |  | Alan Leong
(A45→CP)
5th | 2012 |  | Paul Tse
(Ind) |  | Wu Chi-wai
(DP)
6th | 2016 |  | Wilson Or
(DAB) |  | Jeremy Tam
(CP)
Vacant | Vacant

### Summary of seats won

[edit]

Term  | Election  | Distribution

|
|

1st  | 1998 |  | 2  | 1

|

2nd  | 2000 |  | 2  | 2

|

3rd  | 2004 |  | 3  | 2

|

4th  | 2008 |  | 2  | 2

|

5th  | 2012 |  | 2  | 3

|

6th  | 2016 |  | 2  | 3

|

| 1998 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Democratic | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
| DAB | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
| FTU |  |  | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
| Civic |  |  |  | 1 | 1 | 1
| Independent |  |  | 2 |  | 1 | 1
Pro-democracy | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2
Pro-Beijing | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3
Seats | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5

### Vote share summary

[edit]

| 1998 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Democratic | 55.8 | 45.3 | 19.2 | 27.3 | 15.4 | 15.3
| DAB | 41.8 | 47.4 | 18.8 | 22.6 | 16.7 | 15.7
| FTU |  |  | 17.9 | 21.3 | 14.3 | 14.4
| Civic |  |  |  | 16.6 | 14.6 | 13.8
| LSD |  |  |  | 12.1 | 9.6 |
| People Power |  |  |  |  | 12.9 | 9.7
| Civic Passion |  |  |  |  |  | 10.1
| KEC |  |  |  |  |  | 3.9
| Independent and Others | 2.4 | 7.4 | 44.1 |  | 16.6 | 17.2
Pro-democracy | 55.8 | 45.3 | 63.3 | 56.0 | 55.5 | 54.8
Pro-Beijing | 41.8 | 47.4 | 36.7 | 43.9 | 44.5 | 45.2

## Election results

[edit]

The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.

### 2010s

[edit]

↓  1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1

|
|
|
|

Vote share

DAB (15.66%)

Democratic (15.29%)

FTU (14.38%)

Civic (13.80%)

Civic Passion (10.11%)

People Power (9.67%)

KEC (3.91%)

Frontier (0.79%)

VLHK (0.74%)

Other (15.65%)

2016 Legislative Council election: Kowloon East

List  | Candidates  | Votes  | Of total (%)  | ± from prev.
Quota | 65,799  | 20.00  |
| DAB | Wilson Or Chong-shing
Joe Lai Wing-ho, Jack Cheung Ki-tang | 51,516  | 15.66  | –0.99
| Democratic | Wu Chi-wai
Mok Kin-shing, Cheng Keng-ieong, Wu Chi-kin | 50,309  | 15.29  | –0.08
| Nonpartisan | Paul Tse Wai-chun | 47,527  | 14.45  | +0.91
| FTU | Wong Kwok-kin
Chow Luen-kiu, Kan Ming-tung, Kwok Wang-hing | 47,318  | 14.38  | +0.04
| Civic | Jeremy Jansen Tam Man-ho
Alan Leong Kah-kit | 45,408  | 13.80  | –0.83
| Civic Passion | Wong Yeung-tat | 33,271  | 10.11  | N/A
| People Power | Tam Tak-chi | 31,815  | 9.67  | –3.18
| KEC | Chan Chak-to | 12,854  | 3.91  | N/A
| Frontier | Tam Heung-man | 2,603  | 0.79  | –1.17
| Labour | Wu Sui-shan, Chiu Shi-shun | 2,535  | 0.77  | N/A
| VLHK | Patrick Ko Tat-pun | 2,444  | 0.74  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Lui Wing-kei | 1,393  | 0.42  | N/A
Total valid votes  | 328,993  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 7,754  |  |
Turnout | 336,738  | 55.98  | +4.01
Registered electors | 601,566  |  |
↓  1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1

|
|
|
|

Vote share

DAB (16.65%)

Democratic (15.37%)

Civic (14.63%)

FTU (14.34%)

People Power (12.85%)

LSD (9.57%)

Other (16.59%)

2012 Legislative Council election: Kowloon East

List  | Candidates  | Votes  | Of total (%)  | ± from prev.
Quota | 56,957  | 20.00  |
| DAB | Chan Kam-lam
Joe Lai Wing-ho, Hung Kam-in, Wilson Or Chong-shing | 47,415  | 16.65  | −5.95
| Democratic | Wu Chi-wai
Mok Kin-shing, Hon Ka-ming | 43,764  | 15.37  | −5.03
| Civic | Alan Leong Kah-kit
Jeremy Jansen Tam Man-ho | 41,669  | 14.63  | −1.97
| FTU | Wong Kwok-kin
Kan Ming-tung, Mok Kin-wing, Ho Kai-ming | 40,824  | 14.34  | −6.96
| Independent | Paul Tse Wai-chun | 38,546  | 13.54  | N/A
| People Power | Wong Yeung-tat, Chan Sau-wai | 36,608  | 12.85  | N/A
| LSD | Andrew To Kwan-hang | 27,253  | 9.57  | −2.68
| Independent | Tam Heung-man | 5,440  | 1.91  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Kay Yim Fung-chi, Chan Heung-yin | 3,263  | 1.15  | N/A
Total valid votes  | 284,782  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 5,979  |  |
Turnout | 290,761  | 51.97  | +9.12
Registered electors | 559,528  |  |
2010 Kowloon East by-election[5] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Civic | Alan Leong Kah-kit | 82,066  | 92.53  |
| Tertiary 2012 | Lai King-fai  | 6,630  | 7.47  |
Majority  | 75,436  | 85.05  |
Total valid votes  | 88,696  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 2,530  |  |
Turnout | 91,226  | 16.79  |
Registered electors | 543,253  |  |
| Civic hold | Swing |  |

### 2000s

[edit]

↓  1 | 1 | 1 | 1

|
|
|

Vote share

Democratic (27.3%)

DAB (22.6%)

FTU (21.3%)

Civic (16.6%)

LSD (12.2%)

2008 Legislative Council election: Kowloon East[6]

List  | Candidates  | Votes  | Of total (%)  | ± from prev.
Quota | 59,061  | 25.00  |
| DAB | Chan Kam-lam
Joe Lai Wing-ho, Maggie Chan Man-ki, Hung Kam-in | 53,472  | 22.63  | +3.82
| FTU | Wong Kwok-kin
Chan Yuen-han, Peter Wong Kit-hin, Kan Ming-tung | 50,320  | 21.30  | +3.42
| Democratic | Fred Li Wah-ming
Kai Ming-wah, Wong Kai-ming, Wong Wai-tag | 48,124  | 20.37  | +1.16
| Civic | Alan Leong Kah-kit
Yu Kwun-wai, Wong Hok-ming | 39,274  | 16.62  | −2.49
| LSD | Andrew To Kwan-hang | 28,690  | 12.14  | −12.79
| Democratic | Wu Chi-wai | 16,365  | 6.93  | N/A
Total valid votes  | 236,245  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 1,691  |  |
Turnout | 237,936  | 44.01  | −12.45
Registered electors | 540,649  |  |
↓  1 | 2 | 1 | 1

|
|
|

Vote share

Democratic (19.2%)

DAB (18.8%)

FTU (17.9%)

Other (44.1%)

2004 Legislative Council election: Kowloon East[7]

List  | Candidates  | Votes  | Of total (%)  | ± from prev.
Quota | 58,797  | 20.00  |
| Nonpartisan (Frontier)  | Albert Cheng Jing-han
Andrew To Kwan-hang | 73,279  | 24.93
(20.00+4.93) | N/A
| Democratic | Fred Li Wah-ming
Wu Chi-wai, Ho Wai-to | 56,462  | 19.21  | −26.09
| Independent | Alan Leong Kah-kit | 56,175  | 19.11  | N/A
| DAB (FTU)  | Chan Kam-lam
Choi Chun-wa, Chan Tak-ming | 55,306  | 18.81  | N/A
| FTU (DAB)  | Chan Yuen-han
Lam Man-fai, Tang Ka-piu | 52,564  | 17.88  | N/A
Total valid votes  | 293,986  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 2,384  |  |
Turnout | 296,370  | 56.46  | +11.74
Registered electors | 524,896  |  |
↓  2 | 2

|

Vote share

DAB (47.4%)

Democratic (45.3%)

Other (7.3%)

2000 Legislative Council election: Kowloon East[8]

List  | Candidates  | Votes  | Of total (%)  | ± from prev.
Quota | 57,320  | 25.00  |
| DAB | Chan Yuen-han, Chan Kam-lam
Lam Man-fai, Angelis Chan Joy-kong | 108,587  | 47.36
(25+22.36) | +5.62
| Democratic | Szeto Wah, Fred Li Wah-ming
Wu Chi-wai, Andrew To Kwan-hang | 103,863  | 45.30
(25+20.30) | −10.50
| Nonpartisan | Lam Hoi-shing | 9,805  | 4.28  | N/A
| Nonpartisan | Shi Kai-biu, Lam Wai-yin | 7,023  | 3.06  | N/A
Total valid votes  | 229,278  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 2,384  |  |
Turnout | 296,370  | 44.72  | –9.69
Registered electors | 518,035  |  |

### 1990s

[edit]

↓  2 | 1

|

Vote share

Democratic (55.8%)

DAB (41.8%)

Other (2.4%)

1998 Legislative Council election: Kowloon East[9]

List  | Candidates  | Votes  | Of total (%)  | ± from prev.
Quota | 87,207  | 33.33  |
| Democratic | Szeto Wah, Fred Li Wah-ming
Mak Hoi-wah | 145,986  | 55.80
(33.33+22.47) |
| DAB | Chan Yuen-han
Kwok Bit-chun, Lam Man-fai | 109,296  | 41.78
(33.33+8.45) |
| Nonpartisan | Fok Pui-yee | 6,339  | 2.42  |
Total valid votes  | 261,621  | 100.00  |
Rejected ballots  | 1,679  |  |
Turnout | 263,300  | 54.41  |
Registered electors | 483,875  |  |

## See also

[edit]

* List of constituencies of Hong Kong

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Number of Seats for the Geographical Constituencies" (PDF). Electoral Affairs Commission.
2. ^ "Voter Registration Statistics: Geographical Constituency". Registration and Electoral Office.
3. ^ Diamond, Larry; Myers, Ramon H. (2001). Elections and Democracy in Greater China. OUP Oxford. pp. 1985–6.
4. ^ "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
5. ^ "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
6. ^ "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
7. ^ "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Retrieved 9 March 2012.[permanent dead link]
8. ^ "立法會選舉結果". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
9. ^ "Legco election overall result". Electoral Affairs Commission.

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Kowloon constituencies for the Legislative Council

1985–91 (indirect election)|

* Sham Shui Po
* South Kowloon
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* Kwun Tong

1991–1995 (MNTV system)|

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1998–2021 (PR system)|

* Kowloon East
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2021– (SNTV system)|

* Kowloon Central
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Legislative Council elections in Kowloon East

General elections|

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