Ksi (Cyrillic)

Letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet

Ksi

Ѯ ѯ
Usage
Writing system| Cyrillic
Type| Alphabetic
Language of origin| Old Church Slavonic
Sound values| [ks]
In Unicode| `U+046E, U+046F`
Alphabetical position| 42
History
Development|

𓊽 (possbily)

* 𐤎
* Ξ ξ
* Ѯ ѯ

Time period| c. 893–1708, 1710–1735
Other
Associated numbers| 60 (Cyrillic numerals)
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
An example of the use of Ksi after it was formally abolished: a civil census 1782 (GATO, f. 389, cat. 1, case 2, p. 146): Жена Аѯинья Семенова дочь — 30…

Ksi (Ѯ, ѯ italics: Ѯ ѯ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, derived from the Greek letter Xi (Ξ, ξ).[1] It was mainly used in Greek loanwords, especially words relating to the Church.

Unlike other eliminated letters such as Omega and Yus, Ksi was a later borrowing from Greek and does not appear in any form in the Glagolitic script, which was used until the Middle Ages.[2][3]

Ksi was eliminated from the Russian alphabet along with psi, omega, and yus in the Civil Script of 1708 (Peter the Great's Grazhdanka),[4] and has also been dropped from other secular languages. It was briefly restored in 1710 and ultimately deleted in 1735. While it was no longer used in typographic fonts, it continued to be used by the church, and since clergy actively participated in civil censuses, Ksi can be found in multiple handwritten civil texts all the way until the early 1800s.

Therefore, in Russian but also in others Slavic languages, ks is transcribed КС and gz ГЗ.

The Russian surname "Apraksin" (Апраѯінъ; modern: Апраксин) in the Civil Script. Note the variant form of "ksi" (ѯ) in the name is an Izhitsa with a tail.

In the Civil Script during Peter the Great's time, Ksi was also written similarly to an izhitsa with a tail.

Ksi constituted the number "60" in the Cyrillic numeral system.[5]

## Computing codes

[edit]

Character information  Preview | Ѯ | ѯ

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Unicode name  | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI  | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex
Unicode | 1134 | U+046E | 1135 | U+046F
UTF-8 | 209 174 | D1 AE | 209 175 | D1 AF
Numeric character reference | &#1134; | &#x46E; | &#1135; | &#x46F;

## Related letters and other similar characters

[edit]

* X x : Latin letter X
* Х х : Cyrillic letter Kha
* Ξ ξ : Greek letter Xi

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lunt, Horace G. (2010). Old Church Slavonic Grammar. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 20\. ISBN 9783110876888.
2. ^ Kent, Allen; Lancour, Harold; Daily, Jay E.; Nasri, William Z. (1979). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 27 -Scientific and Technical Libraries to Slavic Paleography. New York: CRC Press. p. 472\. ISBN 9780824720278.
3. ^ Taylor, Isaac (1883). The Alphabet: An Account of the Origin and Development of Letters, Volume 2. London: K. Paul, Trench & Company. p. 200.
4. ^ "ЭСБЕ/Кси" [Ksi]. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). St. Petersburg: F.A. Brockhaus. 1907. Russian Wikisource.
5. ^ Condorelli, Marco (2020). Advances in Historical Orthography, c. 1500–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 55, 64. ISBN 9781108471800.

* v
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Cyrillic script

Italics indicate that the language no longer uses Cyrillic

Cyrillic alphabets|

* Early
* Abkhaz
* Aleut
* Azerbaijani
* Bashkir
* Belarusian
* Bosnian
* Bulgarian
* Crimean Tatar
* Dargwa
* Even
* Evenki
* Gagauz
* Kazakh
* Khakas
* Kildin Sámi
* Komi
* Kyrgyz
* Lezgin
* Macedonian
* Mansi
* Mongolian
* Montenegrin
* Mordvinic
* Nivkh
* Nogai
* Polish
* Romanian
* transitional
* Moldovan
* Russian
* Serbian
* Tat
* Tatar
* Tlingit
* Turkmen
* Udege
* Udmurt
* Ukrainian
* Uyghur
* Uzbek
* Yakut
* Siberian Yupik
* Chaplino dialect
* Naukan Yupik

Cyrillization of|

* Arabic
* Chinese
* French
* German
* Greek
* Japanese
* Korean
* Lithuanian
* Polish

Letters of the Cyrillic script

Primary letters|

* Аа
* Бб
* Вв
* Гг
* Дд
* Ее
* Жж
* Зз
* Ии
* Іі
* Йй
* Кк
* Лл
* Мм
* Нн
* Оо
* Пп
* Рр
* Сс
* Тт
* Уу
* Фф
* Хх
* Цц
* Чч
* Шш
* Щщ
* Ъъ
* Ыы
* Ьь
* Ээ
* Юю
* Яя

Other Slavic letters|

* Ґґ
* Ђђ
* Ѓѓ
* Ёё
* Єє
* З́з́
* Ѕѕ
* Її
* Јј
* Љљ
* Њњ
* С́с́
* Ћћ
* Ќќ
* Ўў
* Џџ

Non-Slavic letters|

* А̊
* А̃
* Ӓ̄
* Ӕ
* Ә
* Ә̃
* Ӛ
* В̌
* Ԝ
* Г̌
* Г̊
* Ҕ
* Ғ
* Ӻ
* Ғ̌
* Ғ̊
* Ӷ/Г̡
* Д́
* Д̌
* Д̆
* Ӗ
* Е̃
* Ё̄
* Є̈
* Ԑ
* Җ
* Ӝ
* Ӂ
* Ҙ
* Ӟ
* З̌
* Ӡ
* И̃
* И̇
* Ҋ
* Қ
* Ӄ
* Ҡ
* Ҟ
* Ҝ
* К̊
* Қ̊
* Ԛ
* Л́
* Ӆ
* Ԯ
* Ԓ
* Ӎ
* ᵸ
* Н́
* Ӊ
* Ԩ
* Ң
* Ӈ
* Ҥ
* О̆
* О̃
* Ө
* Ө̄
* Ө̆
* Ӫ
* Ԥ
* Р̌
* Ҏ
* С̌
* Ҫ
* Т́
* Т̌
* Ҭ
* Ᲊ
* Ӱӱ
* У̃
* Ӳ
* У̊
* Ұ
* Ү
* Ү́
* Х̑
* Х̌
* Ҳ
* Ӽ
* Х̊
* Ӿ
* Ӿ̊
* Һ
* Ԧ
* Ҵ
* Ҷ
* Ҷ̣
* Ӵ
* Ӌ
*   * Ҹ
* Ч̇
* Ч̣
* Ҽ
* Ҿ
* Ы̆
* Ы̄
* Ӹ
* Ҍ
* Ҩ
* Э̆
* Э̄
* Э̇
* Ӭ
* Ӭ́
* Ӭ̄
* Ю̆
* Ю̈
* Ю̄
* Я̆
* Я̄
* Ӏ

Slavic archaic letters|

* Ꙣꙣ
* Ꙉꙉ
* Ꙥꙥ
* Ꙧꙧ
* Ҥҥ
* O variants
* Ꙋꙋ
* Ѡѡ
* Ѿѿ
* Ѣѣ
* Ѣ̈ѣ̈
* Я̈я̈
* Ꙗꙗ
* Ѥѥ
* Ѫѫ
* Ѧѧ
* Ѯѯ
* Ѱѱ
* Ѳѳ
* Ѵѵ
* Ҁҁ

Non-Slavic archaic letters|

* А̨
* Б̣
* Г̧
* Г̄
* Г̆г̆
* Д̨
* Ԁ
* Ԃ
* Ꚁ
*   * Ꚅ
* Ԅ
* Ԇ
* Ꚉ
* Ԫ
* Ꚃ
* Ꚕꚕ
* Ј̵
* К̀
* К̄
* К̂
* Ԟ
*   * Ԡ
* Ԉ
* Ԕ
* Ԋ
* Ԣ
*   * Ҧ
*   * Ԗ
* Ԍ
* Ԏ
* Ꚋ
* Ꚍ
* Х̾
* Ꚏ
* Ꚑ
* Ԭ
* Ꚓ
* Ꚗ
* Ԙ
* Ꙟ

Archaic diacritics|

* palatalization mark (◌҄)
* pokrytie (◌҇)
* titlo (◌҃)

Combinations of Cyrillic letters|

* Digraphs
* Multigraphs

* Glagolitic script
* Cyrillic numerals
* Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic

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