Löwenstein Formation

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German.  (August 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

* View a machine-translated version of the German article.
* Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
* Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,512 articles in the main category, and specifying`|topic=` will aid in categorization.
* Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
* You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is `Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Löwenstein-Formation]]; see its history for attribution.`
* You may also add the template `{{Translated|de|Löwenstein-Formation}}` to the talk page.
* For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

|

Löwenstein Formation

Stratigraphic range: Mid Norian (Alaunian) 215.6–212 Ma

PreꞒ

Type| Geological formation
Unit of| Keuper
Underlies| Trossingen Formation
Overlies| Mainhardt Formation
Thickness| At least 80 m
Lithology
Primary| Sandstone
Other| Marl
Location
Region| Europe
Country| Germany, Switzerland
Extent| Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg

The Löwenstein Formation (Stubensandstein in Baden-Württemberg, Burgsandstein in Bavaria) is a lithostratigraphic formation of the Keuper in Germany. It is underlain by the Mainhardt Formation and overlain by the Trossingen Formation. It dates back to the middle Norian.[1]

## Fauna

[edit]

Theropod tracks and an unnamed herrerasaur genus are known from the Lower Stubensandstein.[2]

|  |

|
|

Color key
| Taxon | Reclassified taxon | Taxon falsely reported as present | Dubious taxon or junior synonym | Ichnotaxon | Ootaxon | Morphotaxon

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

### Archosaurs

[edit]

#### Dinosaurs

[edit]

##### Sauropodomorphs

[edit]

Sauropodomorphs of the Stubensandstein

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Efraasia | E. minor |  | Lower  |  |  |
Plateosaurus[3] | P. gracilis[3] |  |

* Middle[4]
* Lower[2]

| "[Twenty one] partial skeletons, isolated elements, [three] partial skulls, juvenile to adult."[5] | Yates assigned the type material of Sellosaurus gracilis to Plateosaurus gracilis [6] |

##### Theropods

[edit]

Theropods of the Stubensandstein

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Dolichosuchus[4] | D. cristatus[4] |  | Middle[4] | "Tibia"[7] | Actually indeterminate coelophysoid remains[4] |
Halticosaurus[4] | H. longotarsus[4] |  | Middle[4] | "Mandibular fragment, vertebrae, humerus, illium, femur, metatarsal."[7] | Later found to be indeterminate coelophysoid remains[4] |
Liliensternus | L. liliensterni |  |  |  |  |
Procompsognathus[4] | P. triassicus[4] |  | Middle[4] | "Partial postcranial skeleton."[8] |  |

#### Reptiles

[edit]

Archosaurs of the Stubensandstein

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Aetosaurus | A. feratus |  | Lower  |  |  |
A. crassicauda
Apatosuchus | A. orbitoangulatus |  | Lower  | "Partial skull"  |  |
Mystriosuchus | M. ? |  |  |  |  |
Nicrosaurus | N. kapffi |  | Middle  |  |  |
N. meyeri
Paratypothorax | P. andressi |  | Middle  |  |  |
Saltoposuchus | S. connectens |  |  |  |  |
S. longipes
Tanystrosuchus | T. posthomus |  | Middle  | " Neck vertebra"  |  |
Teratosaurus[4] | T. suevicus[4] |  | Middle[4] |  | Galton and Benton showed that Teratosaurus is actually a rauisuchian.[9][10] |

### Other Amniotes

[edit]

* Cyclotosaurus
* Metoposaurus

## See also

[edit]

* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 521–525. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
2. ^ a b "17.2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany; 1. Lower Stubensandstein," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 524.
3. ^ a b "17.2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany; '1. Lower Stubensandstein' and '2. Middle Stubensandstein,'" in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 524.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "17.2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany; 2. Middle Stubensandstein," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 524.
5. ^ "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 236.
6. ^ Yates, A.M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology 46 (2): 317–337
7. ^ a b "Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 50.
8. ^ "Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 48.
9. ^ Galton, P. M. (1985). "The poposaurid thecodontian Teratosaurus suevicus von Meyer, plus referred specimens mostly based on prosauropod dinosaurs". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, B, 116: 1-29.
10. ^ Benton, M.J. (1986). "The late Triassic reptile Teratosaurus \- a rauisuchian, not a dinosaur". Palaeontology 29: 293-301.

### Bibliography

[edit]

* Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)