LGBTQ conservatism

Traditionalist political views upheld by LGBTQ people

This article is about conservative politics among LGBTQ people. For the LGBTQ wing of the British Conservative Party, see LGBT+ Conservatives.

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

This article may lack focus or may be about more than one topic. Please help improve this article, possibly by splitting the article or organizing a disambiguation page. There might be further discussion about this on the talk page. (April 2024)

|

This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2024)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

Part of a series on

LGBTQ people

* LGBTQ
* Lesbian
* Gay
* Bisexual
* Transgender
* Queer

Sexual orientation and gender

* Aromantic
* Asexual
* Gray asexual
* Aceflux
* Aegosexual
* Demisexual
* Fraysexual
* Biology
* Bisexual
* Pansexual
* Demographics
* Environment
* Fictosexual
* Gender fluid
* Gender identity
* Gender role
* Gender nonconforming
* Homosexual
* Intersex
* Non-heterosexual
* Non-binary
* Queer
* Queer heterosexual
* Questioning
* Sexual identity
* Sex–gender distinction
* Trans man
* Trans woman
* Transgender
* Transsexual
* Two-spirit

History

|  General

* Timeline
* Same-sex marriage
* Homosexuality
* Movements
* Gay liberation
* Same-sex unions
* Stonewall riots

Identities

* Lesbian
* Bisexual
* Transgender
* Intersex

Culture

* Business
* Coming out
* Community
* African-American
* Dyke March
* Events
* Awareness periods
* Largest events
* Gay village
* Media
* Bury your gays
* Films
* New queer cinema
* Periodicals
* LGBTQ culture
* in New York City
* Pride
* Pride Month
* Parade
* Queer art
* QPR and QPP
* Same-sex relationship
* Slang
* Polari
* Socialization
* Subcultures
* Transgender in NYC
* Symbols
* Flags
* Takatāpui
* Moe aikāne
* Tourism

Rights

* Adoption
* Civil union
* Decriminalization
* Gender self-identification
* Intersex
* Legal recognition of non-binary gender
* Marriage
* Military service
* Parenting
* Rights by country or territory
* Sexuality
* Trans rights
* Yogyakarta Principles

Health

* MSM and Blood donation restrictions / HIV
* LGBTQ medical organizations
* Reproduction
* Mental health
* Transgender health care
* Gender-affirming hormone therapy
* Gender-affirming surgery
* Gender transition
* Detransition
* Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare
* Suicide

Societal attitudes

* Allonormative
* amatonormative
* Cisnormative
* Heteronormative
* Comphet
* Opposition to LGBTQ rights
* 21st century UK anti-trans
* 2020s US anti-LGBTQ
* Grooming conspiracy theory
* Media portrayal
* Religion & LGBTQ
* Homosexuality
* Trans people
* Sexual diversity
* Stereotypes

Issues

* Acephobia
* Arophobia
* AIDS stigma
* Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
* Biphobia
* Bullying
* Censorship
* Closeted
* Outing
* Criminalization
* Domestic violence
* Erasure
* Straightwashing
* Bisexual
* Lesbian
* Trans
* Gay bashing
* Gayphobia
* Heteropatriarchy
* Heterosexism
* Homophobia
* Liberal
* Intersex discrimination
* Legality of conversion therapy
* Lesbophobia
* Suicide
* Youth vulnerability
* Migration
* Mixed-orientation marriage
* Racism
* Sexualism
* Transphobia
* Non-binary people
* Trans men
* Trans women
* Violence
* Trans people

Academic fields and discourse

* Communism & LGBTQ rights
* Gender studies
* Lesbian feminism
* Lavender linguistics
* LGBTQ conservatism
* In the US
* Queer anarchism
* Queer studies
* Queer theory
* Social construction of gender
* Socialism & LGBTQ rights
* Transfeminism
* Transgender studies
* Travesti

LGBTQ portal

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on

Conservatism

Variants

* Authoritarian
* Corporatist
* Cultural
* Fiscal
* Green
* Liberal
* Libertarian
* Moderate
* National
* Paternalistic
* Populist
* Pragmatic
* Progressive
* Reactionary
* Religious
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Ultra

Principles

* Ancestral worship
* Authority
* Traditional
* Balance of power
* Class collaboration
* Collective identity
* Cultural heritage
* Cultural values
* Culture of life
* Pro-Life
* Discipline
* Duty
* Elitism
* Aristocracy
* Meritocracy
* Noblesse oblige
* Ethical order
* Familialism
* Family as a state model
* Family values
* Fundamentalism
* Gender roles
* Complementarianism
* Essentialism
* Historism
* Honour
* Imperialism
* Law and order
* Loyalty
* Maternalism
* Monarchism
* Royalism
* Moral absolutism
* Natalism
* Nationalism
* Natural law
* Norms
* Customs
* Mores
* Ordered liberty
* Organicism
* Organised religion
* Orthodoxy
* Patriotism
* Peace through strength
*  Property rights
* Public morality
* Rule of law
* Social hierarchy
* Social institutions
* Social order
* Sovereignty
* State religion
* Stewardship
* Subsidiarity
* Tradition

Intellectuals

* Johnson
* Hume
* Burke
* More
* Maistre
* Bonald
* Chateaubriand
* Czartoryski
* Coleridge
* Karamzin
* Savigny
* Carlyle
* Ranke
* Newman
* Tocqueville
* Dostoevsky
* Taine
* Le Bon
* Nordau
* Belloc
* Iorga
* Chesterton
* Spengler
* Jabotinsky
* Ilyin
* Savarkar
* Schmitt
* Eliot
* Mannheim
* Jünger
* Evola
* Strauss
* Röpke
* Gadamer
* Freyre
* Voegelin
* Oakeshott
* Burnham
* Lefebvre
* Qutb
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Gómez Dávila
* Kirk
* Solzhenitsyn
* Koselleck
* Mishima
* Buckley
* Sowell
* Mansfield
* Scruton
* Hoppe
* Dugin
* Peterson

Politicians

* Adams
* Pitt
* Canning
* Metternich
* Disraeli
* Bismarck
* Salisbury
* Dmowski
* Mannerheim
* Baldwin
* Maurras
* Horthy
* Metaxas
* Churchill
* Adenauer
* De Gasperi
* Chiang
* Salazar
* De Gaulle
* Dollfuss
* Franco
* Khomeini
* Reagan
* Powell
* Pinochet
* Marcos
* Park
* Smith
* Reza Shah
* Suharto
* Lee
* Zia
* Vajpayee
* Thatcher
* Kohl
* Fujimori
* Bush
* Trump
* Kaczyński
* Netanyahu
* Modi
* Putin
* Abe
* Bolsonaro
* Orbán
* Meloni

Religion

* Christian democracy
* Christian right
* Confucianism
* Hindutva
* Islamism
* Jewish conservatism
* Religious Zionism
* Theravada Buddhism
* Traditionalist Catholicism
* Integralism
* Ultramontanism
* Traditionalist School

Personal variants

* Berlusconism
* Bukelism
* Cameronism
* Chiangism
* Erdoğanism
* Francoism
* Fujimorism
* Gaullism
* Janismo
* Kaczyzm
* Maurrassisme
* Mellismo
* Metaxism
* Powellism
* Pinochetism
* Putinism
* Qutbism
* Khomeinism
* Reaganism
* Sarkozysm
* Thatcherism
* Trumpism
* Ziaism

National variants

* Australia
* Austria
* Bangladesh
* Belgium
* Belize
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* China
* Hong Kong
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Hungary
* Iceland
* India
* Iran
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Luxembourg
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Pakistan
* Panama
* Peru
* Poland
* Russia
* Serbia
* Singapore
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* South Korea
* Taiwan
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* United States

Related ideologies

* Agrarianism
* Clerical fascism
* Communitarianism
* Conservative liberalism
* Corporatism
* Ordoliberalism

Related topics

* Anti-communism
* White Terror
* Anti-gender movement
* Anti-immigration
* Black conservatism
* US
* Catholic social teaching
* Clericalism
* Conservative feminism
* Conservative socialism
* Conservative wave
* Hispanic conservatism
* US
* LGBT conservatism
* NatCon
* Nativism
* Para-fascism
* Patriarchy
* Patriarchalism
* Radical right
* Europe
* US
* Right realism
* Right-wing politics
* Alt
* Authoritarianism
* Centre
* Dictatorship
* Far
* New
* Small-c conservative
* Toryism

* Conservatism portal
* Politics portal

* v
* t
* e

LGBTQ conservatism refers to LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) individuals with conservative political views.

## Terminology

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

LGBTQ conservatism is an umbrella term which may be divided into two specific sub-categories,[according to whom?] each with its own term and meaning. The first sub-categorical term, pre-Stonewall LGBTQ Conservatism, refers to LGBTQ individuals embracing and promoting (even in the post-Stonewall era) the ideology of a traditional (and traditionally anti-LGBTQ) conservatism in either a general or specifically-LGBTQ social context or environment.[citation needed] Post-Stonewall LGBTQ Conservatism, refers to self-affirming LGBTQ persons with fiscally, culturally, and politically conservative views. These post-Stonewall conservatives' social views, though generally conservative too, at the same time reflect a "gay-affirmation" based on self-determination and more recent socio-historical issues like marriage equality for same-sex couples, LGBTQ family recognition, civic equality generally for LGBTQ people in society, and also a positive role for (LGBTQ-affirming) religion in the lives of LGB[TQ+] persons.

There is not complete unanimity of opinion among LGBTQ conservatives on all issues, however, especially those regarding the dynamics and politics of the closet and "identity management," and various legal and political issues (e.g. adoption agency placement, rights of private businesses, certain "intra-LGBT" issues of bisexuality, transgender topics, and others.)[citation needed] The first term can include LGBTQ people who are opposed to same-sex marriage or other LGBTQ rights while the second term, contrastingly, usually refers to self-affirming gay people who unequivocally favor marriage as a legal institution for both heterosexuals and gays (in countries where this is feasible) and who simultaneously prefer economic and political conservatism more generally.

The number of self-affirming LGBTQ advocates for conservative ideas and policies became more apparent only after the advent of the modern LGBTQ civil rights movement in the 1970s (which encouraged affirmation of LGBTQ identity to achieve greater consolidation of political power) even as many gay conservatives, labeled as "self-hating" at the time, did remain closeted in areas where anti-gay socially conservative politicians then led organized opposition to LGBTQ rights. The politics and ideology of LGBTQ conservatives today can vary by their own self-definition, developments within larger conservatism, and each country's (and local area's) sociopolitical, cultural, and legal LGBTQ rights landscape.[editorializing]

## History

[edit]

See also: LGBTQ conservatism in the United States § History

### Before the Stonewall riots

[edit]

In France, in 1791, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau presented a new criminal code to the national Constituent Assembly.[1] He explained that it outlawed only "true crimes", and not "phony offenses created by superstition, feudalism, the tax system, and [royal] despotism".[1] He did not list the crimes "created by superstition". The new penal code did not mention blasphemy, heresy, sacrilege, witchcraft, incest or homosexuality; these former offenses were decriminalized. In 1810, a new criminal code was issued under Napoleon. As with the Penal Code of 1791, it did not contain provisions for religious crimes, incest or homosexuality. In 1852, under the prime ministership of the Duke of Saldanha, a liberal-conservative Cartista, same-sex sexual intercourse was legalized throughout Portugal.[2]

In 1870, the draft penal law submitted by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to the North German Confederation retained the relevant Prussian penal provisions criminalizing male same-sex sexual intercourse, justifying this out of concern for "public opinion":

> Even though one can justify the omission of these penal provisions from the standpoint of Medicine as well as on grounds taken from certain theories of criminal law – the public's sense of justice (das Rechtsbewußtsein im Volke) views these acts not merely as vices but as crimes [...].

On May 15, 1871, under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Paragraph 175 was enacted throughout the German Empire.

In August 1885, under Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, the Labouchere Amendment passed August 7, 1885, becoming Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885.[3]

In 1887, during the period known as the Conservative Republic (Spanish: República Conservadora), same-sex sexual intercourse was legalized throughout Argentina.[4]

On February 24, 1954, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, during a cabinet meeting, bluntly replied that the Conservative Party was not going to accept responsibility for making the law more lenient towards gay men. He suggested that an enquiry might be the way forward, proposed limiting press coverage of the convictions of homosexuals, and suggested that any man caught by police should be offered the option of medical treatment. "Otherwise, I wouldn't touch the subject," he said. "Let it get worse – in hope of a more united public pressure for some amendment."[5]

In 2007, Brian Coleman, a former openly gay Conservative member of the London Assembly and former mayor of Barnet, wrote in the New Statesman that in the mid-1950s, London police were aware that future Prime Minister Edward Heath was "cottaging" (seeking out anonymous sex partners in public lavatories) and that they warned him to stop, lest it damage his career. Coleman also claimed that gays "ran" the Conservative Party in London for many years, suggesting Heath may have been "protected". "[Britain] had managed for decades with gay men holding a significant number of public offices", Coleman wrote.[6]

In 1957, after the international conference Wolfenden50, the Conservative government appointed the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution 1957 to investigate what were perceived as two increasing social problems, in the context of rising prosecutions. The committees terms of reference asked members to consider 'the law and practice' relating to both 'homosexual offenses and the treatment of persons convicted of such offenses' and to offenses connected to 'prostitution and solicitation for immoral purposes'. The association between homosexuality and prostitution reflected the committee's assumption that both were forms of deviance threatening the family as 'the basic unit of society'. The committee's report in 1957 included as its first recommendation 'That homosexual behavior between consenting adults in private be no longer a criminal offense'; other recommendations sought the tightening of the law concerning public same-sex behavior and street prostitution, although acts of selling sex would remain legal.[7]

In May 1965, Arthur Gore, 8th Earl of Arran and Conservative Party Chief Whip, introduced into the House of Lords a bill decriminalizing male same-sex sexual intercourse in England and Wales. During its passage, senior peers inserted a strict privacy clause, applying a more restrictive standard of privacy than for heterosexual behavior. This specified that a 'homosexual act' would not be considered 'private' if 'more than two persons take part or are present', or if occurring in a public lavatory. The bill passed through the Lords in July 1965 and was brought into the House of Commons by Conservative MP Humphrey Berkeley, known to be homosexual by many in parliament. After a Labour victory in the general election in 1966, Berkeley lost his seat and was replaced as the bill's sponsor by Labour MP Leo Abse.[7]

Prospective Conservative Prime Minister Robert Boothby (later Lord Boothby), who was homosexual, was peppered[when defined as?] throughout parliament and the establishment, and hence their political colleagues had every interest in decriminalizing their activities. Boothby was involved in a friendship and possibly a sexual relationship with Ronnie Kray, while simultaneously the long-term lover of Lady Dorothy Macmillan, wife of Harold Macmillan, Conservative Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963.[7]

When the Sexual Offences Act 1967 passed in 1967, only a handful of Conservatives voted for the decriminalization of male same-sex sexual intercourse, including future Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.[8]

On June 25, 1969, shortly before the end of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) – Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) Grand Coalition headed by CDU Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Paragraph 175 was reformed, in that only the "qualified cases" that were previously handled in § 175a – sex with a man less than 21 years old, homosexual prostitution, and the exploitation of a relationship of dependency (such as employing or supervising a person in a work situation) – were retained. Paragraph 175b (concerning bestiality) also was removed.

### After the Stonewall riots

[edit]

#### Rise of LGBTQ conservatism

[edit]

In 1975, the Conservative Group for Homosexual Equality (CGHE) was founded in the United Kingdom by Peter Walter Campbell. It was the first LGBTQ conservative organization ever.[9]

In 2007, Brian Coleman, a former openly gay Conservative member of the London Assembly and former mayor of Barnet, wrote in the New Statesman that many of the gay politicians in the Conservative Party joined the party and became active during the Thatcher years. He also contended that the underlying ethos of Thatcherism might well be pro-gay and it was Margaret Thatcher's personality which attracted so many homosexual men to the party. The reason he contended that the Iron Lady drew many gay men to the Conservative Party was her pure elegance, feminine perfection, perfect dress sense, and sheer determination to change society and while her government might have had an anti-gay aura there was simply nothing in her personal attitude to demonstrate any prejudice, she appointed gay ministers, such as Earl of Avon (son of ex-Prime Minister Anthony Eden). On the subject of AIDS it was her government with Norman Fowler as Health Secretary which faced the issue head on and refused to take a moral tone on public information and prevention work. He finishes by stating that "There are many gay Tory men who would like to sleep with David Cameron but it is Lady Thatcher whose portrait hangs over their bed!"[10]

During the First Thatcher ministry, Criminal Justice Act 1980 was passed in 1980, legalizing same-sex sexual intercourse in Scotland.

On May 28, 1988, during the Third Thatcher ministry, Clause 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 received a 2 to 1 majority in the House of Lords and a vote of 254 to 201 in the House of Commons.[11]

In 1991, the CGHE reconstituted at the Conservative Party Conference and renamed the Tory Campaign for Homosexual Equality (TORCHE). The organization would remain active til 2004 when it disbanded.[12]

On April 21, 2003, the Ba'athist regime in Iraq was deposed. The Coalition Provisional Authority, established by the George W. Bush administration, abolished the death penalty and reverted to a revised 1988 penal code, thus legalizing same-sex sexual intercourse in Iraq.

On June 24, 2004, Fine Gael proposed legalizing civil partnerships for same-sex and opposite-sex couples who choose not to marry, the first Irish political party to do so.[13] In November 2004, in reaction to the legal challenge on tax issues Taoiseach and Fianna Fáil leader Bertie Ahern said "Couples want equality and we should try to deal with some of those issues" but added that moves to legalize gay marriage are "a long way off".[14] During the 2004 Irish presidential election, Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and Progressive Democrats, produced policies or made statements in favor of varying forms of recognition for same-sex couples. During the 2007 Irish general election, the manifestos of Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and Progressive Democrats, supported civil unions for same-sex couples. All parties ran advertisements in Gay Community News (GNC) with commitments to same-sex couples.

In 2010, Ógra Fianna Fáil came out in favor of same-sex marriage.

In 2010, the Botswana government, under the control of the Botswana Democratic Party, passed an amendment to its Employment Act that will bring an end to dismissal based on an individual's sexual orientation or HIV status.[15]

In July 2011, Young Fine Gael came out in favor of same-sex marriage.[16]

On October 5, 2011, British Prime Minister David Cameron said at a Conservative Party conference that "So I don't support gay marriage despite being a Conservative. I support gay marriage because I'm a Conservative."[17]

On March 3, 2012, Fianna Fáil came out in favor of same-sex marriage in Ireland.[18]

On February 5, 2013, Marriage Act 2013, during its second reading, received in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom that Conservatives voted 126 for, 134 against (including 8 voted against from the Democratic Unionist Party), 5 both, and 36 did not vote.[19] On May 21, 2013, the act, during its third reading, received in the House of Commons that Conservatives voted 117 for, 127 against (including 8 voted against from the Democratic Unionist Party), 7 both, and 51 did not vote.[20] On June 4, 2013, the act, during its second reading, received in the House of Lords that Conservatives voted against the Dear Amendment to reject second reading, 66 voted in favor, including 2 in favor from the Democratic Unionist Party, 1 in favor from Ulster Unionist Party, and 2 in favor from UK Independence Party, and 63 did not vote.[21] The act had its third reading on July 15, 2013, and was passed by a simple voice vote.[22] The amended Bill returned to the House of Commons for approval of the amendments on July 16, 2013, which the House approved on the same day.[22]

On November 5, 2013, Fine Gael came out in favor of same-sex marriage in Ireland.[23]

On May 22, 2015, the Thirty-Fourth Amendment (Marriage Equality Act) to the Irish Constitution was passed in Ireland via national referendum. 62% of Irish voters voted in favor of same-sex marriage. Voter turnout was 61% of the national electorate. The referendum was introduced under the Fine Gael-Labour coalition government.

In April 2023, Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) came out in favor of same-sex marriage in Germany.[24][25]

In May 2024, Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) came out in favor of same-sex marriage in Germany.[26][27][28]

## By country

[edit]

### Australia

[edit]

See also: Liberal Pride

### Brazil

[edit]

Before and following the Impeachment process against Dilma Rousseff, several gay conservatives have been visible. Clodovil Hernandes of the Christian Labour Party and later the Party of the Republic before his death in 2009 is considered to be the first known gay MP for the Chamber of Deputies.

On January 16, 2017, Marcelo Crivella, the mayor of Rio de Janeiro, promoted Nélio Georgini, a gay evangelical conservative, to the head of the city LGBTQ council.[29]

In 2018, 30% of the Brazilian LGBTQ community voted for the right-wing populist Jair Bolsonaro against 57% of votes for left-wing Fernando Haddad in the presidential runoff, according to Datafolha. Following the conservative wave that contributed to the emergence of the Gays com Bolsonaro Movement (inspired by the Gays for Trump organization), the 30% of LGBTQ votes for Bolsonaro shocked many in the Brazilian Media, as Bolsonaro is seen as a socially conservative homophobic politician.[30] The reasons attributed to these votes were the widespread fear of violence, economic insecurity, attachment to traditional values, discontent with the Workers' Party, as well as a perceived political manipulation of LGBTQ activism by the left.[31]

### Canada

[edit]

LGBTory was founded in 2015 as a group for LGBTQ supporters of the Conservative Party of Canada and provincial conservative parties across Canada. Prior to that, small groups existed locally in some Canadian cities or as discussion forums on the Internet.

Openly gay political figures such as Scott Brison, Lorne Mayencourt and Jaime Watt are or have been associated with conservative parties at the provincial or federal levels, Keith Norton, Phil Gillies and Heward Grafftey came out as gay after their careers as politicians had ended, and Richard Hatfield was outed as gay after his death.[32] Most such figures, however, have been Red Tories, a moderate or even progressive faction within Canadian conservatism, rather than conventionally conservative "Blue" Tories; Brison, in fact, quit the Progressive Conservative Party to join the Liberals after the PCs merged with the more right-wing Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party.

In 2015, a contingent of federal Conservative MPs and provincial Ontario Progressive Conservative Party MPPs participated in Toronto's annual Pride Week parade for the first time in its history. Organized by LGBTory, the marching contingent included federal MPs Kellie Leitch and Bernard Trottier, Ontario PC leader Patrick Brown and MPPs Lisa MacLeod and Jack MacLaren,[33] alongside numerous out LGBTQ party activists and supporters.

In 2016, Interim Conservative leader Rona Ambrose became the first leader of the federal Conservative Party to march in the Toronto Pride Parade. She was joined by leadership contestants & MPs, Lisa Raitt, Michael Chong, Kellie Leitch, and Maxime Bernier.

In 2019, Ontario Premier Doug Ford, Deputy Premier Christine Elliott, and cabinet ministers Caroline Mulroney & Stephen Lecce all marched in the York Region Pride Parade. This was the first time a sitting conservative Ontario Premier had marched in a pride parade while in office.

Eric Duncan was elected as the first openly gay Conservative MP in 2019, and Melissa Lantsman was elected as the first openly lesbian Conservative MP in 2021.

LGBTQ representation in politics is promoted by ProudPolitics, a non-partisan networking and mentoring organization whose members span the political spectrum.

### Chile

[edit]

In 2014, the doctrinal council of the conservative National Renewal voted 72.3% to reject a proposal that would have advocated limiting marriage and adoption to heterosexual couples.[34]

### European Union

[edit]

Members of the European Parliament from across the political spectrum, including conservatives, have formed the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights.

### Denmark

[edit]

The previous leader of the Conservative People's Party in Denmark, Søren Pape Poulsen, was openly gay.[35]

### France

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2024)

|

A 2013 IFOP survey of French LGBTQ people found that French LGBTQ people have same underlying trends as the rest of the population, namely a radicalization of positions and some disenchantment with political parties. The left wing parties of France did not capitalize on Law 2013-404 with LGBTQ voters, which implies that the party positions on social issues are secondary to policy choices, with LGBTQ people having no distinction on this point the rest of the population. Despite some French media representations, sexual orientation does not appear to determine political views. With increasing acceptance of LGBTQ people in France, LGBTQ people in France feel less inclined to mobilize behind parties with the political demands of the LGBTQ community.[36]

Support for the Socialist Party (PS) from 2012 and 2013 found that 21% of bisexuals supported PS in 2012, but only 16% supported PS in 2013, while LGBTQ people maintained support for PS and the Europe Ecology – The Greens at 27% and 6% from 2012 to 2013. Law 2013-404 has allowed the left government to maintain its support among LGBTQ people overall, while in steep decline in the overall population. In 2011, 50% of LGBTQ people supported left wing parties, while in 2012, 44% of LGBTQ people supported left wing parties, and in 2013, 36% of LGBTQ people supported left wing parties. When counting gay voters only, 45% supported left wing parties in 2012, while 38% supported left wing parties in 2013. Among non-heterosexuals, 24% supported left wing parties in 2012, while 21% supported left wing parties in 2013. Among heterosexuals, 21% supported left wing parties in 2012, while 18% supported left wing parties in 2013. Disaffection towards the left party is a phenomenon is affecting all sexual orientation categories of the population.[36]

In 2011, 15% of non-heterosexuals supported center-right wing parties, while in 2012, 20% of non-heterosexuals supported center-right wing parties, and in 2013, 22% of non-heterosexuals supported center-right wing parties. In 2011, 17% of bisexuals supported center-right wing parties, while in 2012, 21% of bisexuals supported center-right wing parties, and in 2013, 17% of bisexuals supported center-right wing parties. In 2011, 13% of LGBTQ people supported center-right wing parties, while in 2012, 20% of LGBTQ people supported center-right wing parties, and in 2013, 21% of LGBTQ people supported center-right wing parties. In 2011, 21% of heterosexuals supported center-right wing parties, while in 2012, 25% of heterosexuals supported center-right wing parties, and in 2013, 22% of heterosexuals supported center-right wing parties.[36]

Despite their opposition to Law 2013–404, the center right parties maintains its support among the LGBTQ electorate, but in a more fragmented way than in the past. In 2012, 16% of LGBTQ people supported the Union for a Popular Movement (UPM), while in 2013, 14% of LGBTQ supported the UPM. In 2012, 20% of heterosexuals people supported the UPM, while in 2013, 17% of heterosexuals supported the UPM. This decline of support for UPM helped benefit of the Union of Democrats and Independents, with 6% among LGBTQ people in 2013, given that the positions taken by some of its leaders, such as Rama Yade and Jean-Louis Borloo, in favor of same-sex marriage it was perhaps not unrelated.[36]

In 2012, 10% of non-heterosexuals supported the National Front, while in 2013, 16% of non-heterosexuals supported the National Front. In 2012, 9% of bisexuals supported the National Front, while in 2013, 16% of bisexuals supported the National Front. In 2012, 10% of LGBTQ people supported the National Front, while in 2013, 15% of LGBTQ people supported the National Front. In 2012, 9% of heterosexuals people supported the National Front, while in 2013, 13% of heterosexuals supported the National Front.[36]

Support for the National Front is stronger in the ranks of LGBTQ people than among all the French people, with 13% support for the National Front in 2013. The National Front is benefiting among LGBTQ voters, with a +5% increase between 2012 and 2013, than in the rest of the population, +4% of heterosexuals in the same period. The increase of the National Front among LGBTQ people is probably due to the composition of the electorate, with more male, urban, and younger people than the average population therefore generally more willing to vote for the National Front. In Paris, 26% of LGBTQ residents support the National Front, with 16% heterosexuals support National Front. The National Front's opposition to Islamism is attractive to LGBTQ people who perceive Islam as a threat to their lives and freedoms.[36]

2013 IFOP survey on French LGBTQ people's political support by party[36] Affiliation  | % of French LGBTQ people

|

Total | 100  | 100

Right-wing parties  | 36  | 36

Gaullist parties  | 21  | 21

Union for a Popular Movement | 14  | 14

Union of Democrats and Independents | 6  | 6

Other  | 1  | 1

National Front | 15  | 15

Left-wing parties  | 36  | 36

Socialist Party | 27  | 27

Europe Ecology – The Greens | 6  | 6

Other  | 3  | 3

### Germany

[edit]

In Germany the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) since 2020 and the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) in Bavaria since 2023 support Same-sex marriages. In 2020, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) published a political video supporting same-sex marriage and families,[37] and in 2023 the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) adopted a party platform supporting same-sex marriage.[38][39] As of 2023, the right wing party Alternative for Germany (AfD) remains the largest party opposed to same-sex marriage and supports only civil partnerships. Conversely, the leader of the AfD Alice Weidel is an open lesbian and lives in a same-sex marriage with two children.[40][41][42]

### Netherlands

[edit]

Much of the Dutch right wing (including figures such as Geert Wilders) has evolved to include LGBTQ rights platforms which do not conflict with the current status quo but also embrace an increased perturbation to supposed threats from minority religions (especially Islam) which, in their view, threaten to upend the vestiges of the liberalism and tolerance which has been associated with the Dutch social climate.

The former political party the Pim Fortuyn List supported LGBTQ rights, and its leader and namesake Pim Fortuyn was openly gay.

### Russia

[edit]

See also: Gays for Putin!

### Sweden

[edit]

The Open Moderates is the LGBT-organisation of the Moderate Party in Sweden. The Open Moderates is an organization for everyone that shares the values of the Moderate Party and who believe that LGBT-issues are important political issues to work with from a center-right perspective.

The origin of the Open Moderates is the Stockholm-based club "Gay Moderates" that was formed already in the late 1970s. That club had mostly social activities and it was active upon until the mid-1990s. A new generation took over and reorganized the Gay Moderates as a new more political network to lobby the Moderate Party. In 2003 the name was changed to the current Open Moderates to signal that the organization is open to everyone regardless of sexual orientation that want to work with LGBTQ political issues.

In recent years, the national conservative Sweden Democrats party has softened its stance on LGBTQ rights and same-sex parenting with party leader Jimmie Åkesson suggesting in 2018 that the party would rewrite its program for the first time to include LGBTQ related issues. One of the SD's legislators and spokesmen Bo Broman is homosexual.

The conservative Citizens' Coalition leader Ilan Sadé is openly gay.[43]

### United Kingdom

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2024)

|

In April 2015, PinkNews found 26% of British LGBTQ people supported the Conservative and Unionist Party, a 5% increase from the last election in 2010, 26% support the Labour Party, a 2% decrease from the last election in 2010, 19% support the Liberal Democrats, a 21% decrease from the last election in 2010, 20% support the Green Party of England and Wales/Scottish Green Party/Green Party in Northern Ireland, a 16% increase from the last election in 2010, and 2% supported the UK Independence Party. This is the first time in the 10 years that PinkNews has polled the LGBTQ community that the Conservatives have led the survey of voting intentions.[44]

The first LGBTQ Conservative group was called CGHE (Conservative Group for Homosexual Equality). That group was reconstituted at the Conservative party Conference in 1991 and was renamed TORCHE (the Tory Campaign for Homosexual Equality). This group was active until 2003. Some years later LGBTory was formed. LGBTory has an active membership often organized using its Facebook groups and pages and attends vigils and LGBTQ Pride events across the UK including Pride London, Pride Scotia, Leeds Pride, Manchester Pride, Doncaster Pride and Brighton Pride.

LGBTory campaigned in seats throughout the campaign for the May 6, 2010, general election. There are now at least 12 openly gay and lesbian Conservative MPs in Parliament.

LGBTory, now[when?] renamed to LGBT+ Conservatives, works to promote LGBTQ equality within the Conservative Party and generally across the UK, actively campaigning against the Gay Blood Ban and for marriage equality, regardless of sexuality or gender identity.[citation needed]

The UK Independence Party has an officially recognized LGBTQ in UKIP campaigning group which is active on the social media sites Twitter and Facebook. It has been represented at the party's annual conference.[45] Peter Whittle of the UKIP was the only LGBTQ candidate in the 2016 London Assembly election and afterwards was selected as the UKIP's deputy leader.

### United States

[edit]

Main article: LGBTQ conservatism in the United States

See also: Gays for Trump

## Notable LGBTQ conservatives

[edit]

### Lesbian

[edit]

* Angie Bell
* Ana Brnabić
* Alice Weidel
* Tammy Bruce
* Jodeen Carney
* Mary Cheney
* Ruth Davidson
* Radclyffe Hall[46]
* Melissa Lantsman
* Jacqui Munro
* Nancy Ruth
* Anne Marie Waters
* Alison Esposito
* Gertrude Stein
* Anne Lister
* Helen Dale

### Gay men

[edit]

* Fernando Holiday
* Clodovil Hernandes
* Francis Bacon[47][48]
* Guy Benson
* Bruno Bilde
* Peter Boykin
* Steeve Briois
* Bo Broman
* David Bull
* Neil Brown
* Renaud Camus
* Sébastien Chenu
* Iain Dale
* Don Dobie
* Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres
* Jack Donovan
* Eric Duncan
* Trevor Evans
* Kenny Everett
* Pim Fortuyn
* Peter Gibson
* Gilbert & George
* Kay Gottschalk
* Richard Grenell
* Darren Grimes
* Gerald Grosz
* Mark Harbers
* Don Harwin
* Chris Janssens
* Roger Karoutchi
* Liberace[49]
* Shayne Mallard
* José María Marco
* Javier Maroto
* Joe McCracken
* Ken Mehlman
* Yukio Mishima
* Deroy Murdock
* Douglas Murray
* Andy Ngo
* Amir Ohana
* Andrew Olexander
* Matthew Parris
* Florian Philippot
* Søren Pape Poulsen
* Chris Rath
* Jeremy Roberts[50]
* Lee Rowley
* Dave Rubin
* George Santos
* Dean Smith
* Jens Spahn
* Norman St John-Stevas
* Brandon Straka[51]
* David Starkey
* Andrew Sullivan
* Philipp Tanzer
* Peter Thiel
* Tomas Tobé
* Leo Varadkar
* Peter Whittle
* Tim Wilson
* Joop Wijn
* Lucian Wintrich
* Dan Wootton
* William Wragg
* Michael Yabsley
* Rokas Žilinskas
* Trent Zimmerman

### Bisexual

[edit]

* Tobias Billström
* Dehenna Davison
* Michael Fabricant
* Jeromy Farkas
* Michael Huffington
* Daniel Kawczynski
* Jack Kerouac[52][53]
* Thomas Mann
* Sebastian Tynkkynen
* Amber Rose
* Cherie Currie

### Transgender

[edit]

* Caitlyn Jenner[54]
* Jennifer Pritzker
* Nikki Sinclaire
* Blaire White
* Jamie Wallis
* Jessica Marie Watkins
* Buck Angel
* Jennell Jaquays
* Bubba Copeland

## List of organizations

[edit]

Some organizations include:

* Gay Voter's League (not active since 1981) – linked to the Republican Party (United States)
* Gays for Trump – linked to the Republican Party (United States)
* GayLib – linked to the Union for a Popular Movement, Union of Democrats and Independents and Radical Movement (France)
* GOProud – linked to the Republican Party (United States)
* Liberal Pride – linked to Liberal Party of Australia (Australia)
* Likud Pride – linked to Likud (Israel)
* LGBTory – linked to the Conservative Party of Canada/Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (Canada)
* LGBT+ Conservatives (formerly known as LGBTory) – linked to the Conservative Party (United Kingdom)
* Log Cabin Republicans – linked to the Republican Party (United States)
* Open Moderates (originally called Gay Moderates) – linked to the Moderate Party (Sweden)
* Republican Unity Coalition – linked to the Republican Party (United States)
* Tory Campaign for Homosexual Equality (originally called the Conservative Group for Homosexual Equality) – linked to the Conservative Party (United Kingdom)

## See also

[edit]

* LGBTQ portal
* Politics portal

* LGBTQ movements
* Progressive conservatism
* Log Cabin Republicans
* Gays Against Groomers

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Livre III ... du code pénal" Choix de rapports, opinions et discours prononcés à la tribune nationale (in French). VI. Paris: A. Eymery. 1819. p. 320. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
2. ^ "Sodomylaws.org". Sodomylaws.org. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
3. ^ "Key dates for lesbian, gay, bi and trans equality". July 26, 2016.
4. ^ Lucas, Paoli Itaborahy; Zhu, Jingshu (May 2013). "A world survey of laws: Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex law" (PDF). International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Intersex Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2013.
5. ^ "Archives reveal Churchill's Cabinet discussed gays". PinkNews.
6. ^ "Edward Heath: Britain's Forgotten And Mysterious Prime Minister". International Business Times. June 21, 2013.
7. ^ a b c "UNITED KINGDOM: CONFRONTING CRIMINAL HISTORIES" (PDF).
8. ^ Doran, Tom (April 8, 2013). "Margaret Thatcher's Legacy on Gay Rights". The Daily Beast – via www.thedailybeast.com.
9. ^ Aster, Tony (October 19, 2014). "The Dissident: Peter Campbell, the Conservative Party Paedophile behind Gay Marriage".
10. ^ Coleman, Brian (June 25, 2007). "Thatcher the gay icon". New Statesman. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
11. ^ Engel, Stephen M. (July 26, 2001). The Unfinished Revolution: Social Movement Theory and the Gay and Lesbian Movement. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00377-3 – via Google Books.
12. ^ Taylor, Yvette; Snowdon, Ria (February 18, 2014). Queering Religion, Religious Queers. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-01376-9 – via Google Books.
13. ^ "FG proposes civil partnership rights". RTÉ.ie. June 24, 2004.
14. ^ "'Better rights' for gay couples". November 15, 2004 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
15. ^ "Amendment to end dismissal based on HIV status". September 9, 2010.
16. ^ "Young FG Propose the Recognition of Marriage for Same Sex Couples". August 27, 2011. Archived from the original on August 27, 2011.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
17. ^ guardian.co.uk (October 5, 2011). "David Cameron's Conservative party conference speech in full". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
18. ^ "Fianna Fail Ard Fheis Supports Same Sex Marriage". GLEN. March 3, 2012. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
19. ^ "MP-by-MP: Gay marriage vote". BBC News. February 5, 2013.
20. ^ "Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill — Third Reading — 21 May 2013". The Public Whip. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
21. ^ "Lords Divisions results". UK Parliament. June 4, 2013. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
22. ^ a b "Bill stages — Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill 2012–13 to 2013–14". UK Parliament. 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
23. ^ "Government to call for Yes vote for gay marriage – Independent.ie". November 5, 2013.
24. ^ Stern, Henry (April 14, 2023). "Ehe für alle, aber keine Gender-Sternchen: So will die CSU Bayern vereinen". Augsburger Allgemeine (in German).
25. ^ Stern, Henry (April 14, 2023). "Nein zum Gendersternchen, Akzeptanz der "Ehe für alle": Schweinfurterin hat großen Anteil am neuen CSU-Grundsatzprogramm". Main Post (in German).
26. ^ "75 Jahre CDU: CDU entdeckt die Ehe für alle für sich". Süddeutsche Zeitung Jetzt (in German). June 27, 2020.
27. ^ Queer.de: Neues CDU-Programm: Für die Ehe für alle, gegen "Identitätspolitik"
28. ^ Schwulissimo.de: Klares Bekenntnis zur Ehe für alle und für LGBTI*-Gleichberechtigung
29. ^ "Crivella nomeia gay "evangélico" para pasta em defesa de LGBT". lgbtbrasil.com.br. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
30. ^ Sullivan, Zoe (October 29, 2018). "LGBTQ Brazilians on edge after self-described 'homophobic' lawmaker elected president". NBC News.
31. ^ Bulgarelli, Lucas (October 27, 2018). "Análisis | Por que 29% dos LGBTs votam em Bolsonaro?". EL PAÍS (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved July 28, 2021.
32. ^ "Gay politicians come out of the closet and into the cabinet". The Globe and Mail, November 13, 2009.
33. ^ Brennan, Richard J (June 29, 2015). "Tory MPP Lisa MacLeod rejects anti-Pride comments from Ottawa radio host". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
34. ^ "Consejo doctrinario de RN rechaza limitar idea de familia al matrimonio heterosexual".
35. ^ "Conservative leader: 'I'm gay, so what?'". The Local Denmark. August 13, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
36. ^ a b c d e f g "Google Translate". translate.googleusercontent.com.
37. ^ "75 Jahre CDU: CDU entdeckt die Ehe für alle für sich". Süddeutsche Zeitung Jetzt (in German). June 27, 2020.
38. ^ Stern, Henry (April 14, 2023). "Ehe für alle, aber keine Gender-Sternchen: So will die CSU Bayern vereinen". Augsburger Allgemeine (in German).
39. ^ Stern, Henry (April 14, 2023). "Nein zum Gendersternchen, Akzeptanz der "Ehe für alle": Schweinfurterin hat großen Anteil am neuen CSU-Grundsatzprogramm". Main Post (in German).
40. ^ Welt.de: Ein lesbische Kanzlerkandidatin, July 5, 2023
41. ^ Kurier.at: Jung, lesbisch und sehr weit rechts, September 20, 2017
42. ^ FAZ,net: Alice Weidel steht zu ihrer Homosexualität, September 20, 2017
43. ^ "Varför portas Medborgerlig Samling från Pride" (in Swedish).
44. ^ Rhoden-Paul, André (March 23, 2015). "Tories draw level with Labour in winning gay vote". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
45. ^ Roberts, Scott (September 25, 2012). "UKIP approves internal LGBT campaign group". PinkNews. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
46. ^ Rothon, Robert (July 1, 2009). "Remembering Radclyffe Hall". Xtra Magazine.
47. ^ Lybarger, Jeremy (April 21, 2021). "The Turbulent Life of Francis Bacon". The New Republic. "Bacon was a conservative at heart—when drunk, he'd sometimes lambaste poor people for their supposed weakness—but his art, as channeled through his queerness, cast a critical, if oblique, eye on the prevailing culture."
48. ^ Brown, Neal (May 5, 1998). "Francis Bacon". Frieze. "Bacon's often very beautiful, grandee swirlings and sexualised skidmarks of paint are depictive of certain principal categories of subject. These are either other right-wing libertines like himself, or suicides and alcoholics – alcoholics, of course, just being suicides in slow motion."
49. ^ Kelly, Jon (April 16, 2013). "What Liberace reveals about the march of gay rights". BBC News.
50. ^ Roberts, Jeremy (March 15, 2022). "Roberts: Coming out while in politics has been both positive and liberating". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
51. ^ Lewak, Doree (June 15, 2019). "Former Democrat turned conservative gay rights activist slams Pride, sues LGBT Center". The New York Post. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
52. ^ Kauffman, Bill (July 7, 2022). "Who was the most right-wing member of the Beat Generation?". The Spectator. "The gentle Catholic-Buddhist Jack Kerouac, spontaneous-bop prosody prince of the Old Right, has the strongest claim. In 1952, shortly after finishing the novel that would be published five years later as On the Road, he argued for Robert Taft, "Mr. Republican," for president, while his pal Allen Ginsberg was puffing up Cold Warrior and son of a robber baron Averell Harriman."
53. ^ Kulawik, Chris (March 7, 2009). "Kerouac, the Unexpected Right-Winger". Columbia Daily Spectator. "His New York Times obituary recalls a man who had "no use for the radical politics that came to preoccupy many of his friends and readers." "I'm not a beatnik. I'm a Catholic," he mused as he directed the interviewer to a picture of Pope Paul VI. "You know who painted that?" Kerouac asked. "Me." Perhaps we've misunderstood him all along."
54. ^ Jensen, Erin (February 19, 2016). "Caitlyn Jenner says she gets more 'flak' for being a Republican than trans". USA Today.

* v
* t
* e

Conservatism

Schools
by region|

| International|

* Authoritarian
* Corporatist
* Cultural
* Fiscal
* Green
* Liberal
* Moderate
* National
* Paternalistic
* Populist
* Pragmatic
* Progressive
* Reactionary
* Religious
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Ultra

|

Asia|

| China|

* Chiangism
* Confucianism
* Neo
* New
* Dai Jitao Thought
* Neoauthoritarianism

|

Iran|

* Khomeinism
* Monarchist
* Principlist

Israel|

* Fundamentalist
* Jewish
* Kahanism
* Zionism
* Neo
* Religious
* Revisionist

Japan|

* Minzoku
* Neo
* Nippon Kaigi
* Shōwa Statism
* State Shinto

South Korea|

* Ilminism
* New Right

Turkey|

* Democratic
* Erdoğanism
* Neo-Ottomanism

Other|

* Bangladesh
* Hong Kong
* India
* Malaysia
* Pakistan
* Ziaism
* Singapore
* Taiwan
* Chiangism

Europe|

| France|

* Action Française
* Bonapartism
* Gaullism
* Integral nationalism
* Legitimism
* Maurrassisme
* Nouvelle Droite
* Orléanism
* Révolution nationale
* Sarkozysm
* Ultra-royalism

|

Germany|

* Agrarian
* Hegelian
* Historical School
* Neue Rechte
* Ordoliberalism
* Prussianism
* Cameralistic
* Socialist
* Revolutionary
* Young
* Ritter School
* Romanticism
* State Socialism
* Völkisch

Italy|

* Berlusconism
* Historical Right
* Italian school of elitism
* Neo-Bourbonism
* Sanfedismo

Poland|

* Golden Liberty
* Kaczyzm
* Monarchist
* National Democracy
* Sarmatism

Russia|

* Duginism
* Eurasianism
* Monarchist
* Black-hundredism
* Tsarism
* Putinism
* Slavophilia
* Pochvennichestvo

Spain|

* Alfonsism
* Carlism
* Carloctavismo
* Carlo-francoism
* Francoism
* National Catholicism
* Integrism
* Mellismo
* Maurism
* Neocatholicism
* Noucentisme

United
Kingdom|

* Cameronism
* Civic
* Compassionate
* Muscular liberalism
* Jacobitism
* Neo-Jacobite Revival
* Neo
* One-nationism
* Powellism
* Thatcherism
* Toryism
* High
* Red
* Social

Other|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Rexism
* Denmark
* Finland
* Georgia
* Monarchist
* Greece
* Metaxism
* Populist
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* Miguelist
* Integralismo Lusitano
* Romania
* Monarchist
* Serbia
* Monarchist
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine

Latin America|

| Argentina|

* Federal Peronism
* Maurrasismo
* Menemism
* Nacionalismo
* Orthodox Peronism

|

Brazil|

* Bolsonarism
* Coronelism
* Integralism
* Janismo
* Monarchist
* Patrianovism
* Populism

Chile|

* Gremialismo
* Pinochetism

Other|

* Belize
* Colombia
* Rojismo
* Uribism
* Cuba
* Guatemala
* Mexico
* Cristero
* Panama
* Peru
* Fujimorism
*  Odriismo
* Uruguay
* Herrerism
* Riverism
* Ruralismo
* Venezuela
* Perezjimenismo

North America|

| Canada|

* Populism
* Trumpism
* Clerico-nationalism
* Social
* Toryism
* Blue
* Red
* Pink

|

United
States|

* Compassionate
* Libertarian
* Fusionism
* Paleo
* Tea Party
* Movement
* Neo
* Old Right
* Paleo
* Reaganism
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Trumpism

Oceania|

* Australia
* Centre Right
* National Right
* New Zealand

Philosophy|

| Principles|

* Ancestral worship
* Authority
* Traditional
* Class collaboration
* Consociationalism
* Clericalism
* Collective identity
* Confessionalism
* Cultural assimilation
* Cultural heritage
* Cultural values
* Culture of life
* Pro-Life
* Discipline
* Duty
* Elitism
* Aristocracy
* Meritocracy
* Noblesse oblige
* Ethical order
* Familialism
* Family values
* Fundamentalism
* Gender role
* Complementarianism
* Honour
* Imperialism
* Loyalty
* Monarchism
* Royalist
* Natural law
* Natural Order
* Norms
* Conventions
* Customs
* Mores
* Ordered liberty
* Organicism
* Organized religion
* Orthodoxy
* Patriotism
* Nationalism
* Personalism
* Philosophical realism
* Moral realism
* Private property
* Protectionism
* Public morality
* Rule of law
* Social hierarchy
* Social institutions
* Social order
* Solidarity
* Sovereignty
* State religion
* Stewardship
* Subsidiarity
* Tradition

|

Intellectuals|

* Bainville
* Barruel
* Belloc
* Bonald
* Buckley Jr.
* Burke
* Burnham
* Carlyle
* Chateaubriand
* Chesterton
* Coleridge
* Comte
* Cortés
* Dávila
* Dostoevsky
* Eliot
* Evola
* Fardid
* Gentz
* Haller
* Hitchens
* Hume
* Iorga
* Johnson
* Jünger
* Karamzin
* Kirk
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* La Mennais
* Le Bon
* Le Play
* Leontiev
* Lewis
* Maistre
* Mansfield
* Maurras
* Menéndez
* More
* Müller
* Newman
* Nisbet
* Novalis
* Oakeshott
* Corrêa de Oliveira
* Peterson
* Ranke
* Renan
* Rivarol
* Röpke
* Santayana
* Savigny
* Schlegel
* Schmitt
* Scruton
* Solzhenitsyn
* Sowell
* Spann
* Spengler
* Stahl
* Strauss
* Taine
* Tocqueville
* Uvarov
* Voegelin

Politics|

| Organisations|

* European Conservatives and Reformists Party
* European People's Party
* Identity and Democracy
* International Democrat Union
* International Monarchist League
* Muslim Brotherhood
* Tradition, Family, Property

|

Politicians|

* Abe
* Adams
* Adenauer
* Andreotti
* Berlusconi
* Bismarck
* Bolsonaro
* GW Bush
* Canning
* Chiang
* Churchill
* Diefenbaker
* Disraeli
* Dmowski
* Dollfuss
* Erdoğan
* Franco
* Fujimori
* de Gaulle
* Harper
* Horthy
* John Paul II
* Kaczyński
* Khamenei
* Khomeini
* Kohl
* Le Pen
* Lee
* Macdonald
* Mannerheim
* Marcos
* Maurras
* Menzies
* Metaxas
* Metternich
* Mobutu
* Modi
* Netanyahu
* Orbán
* Park
* Pérez Jiménez
* Pinochet
* Pitt
* Powell
* Prat de la Riba
* Putin
* Reagan
* Salazar
* Salisbury
* Smith
* Stolypin
* Suharto
* Thatcher
* Trujillo
* Trump
* Vajpayee
* de Valera
* Zia
* Zemmour

Religion|

* Christian democracy
* Christian politics
* Theonomy
* Christian right
* Theoconservatism
* Confucianism
* Hindutva
* Jewish conservatism
* Religious Zionism
* Islamism
* Islamic economics
* Theravada
* Buddhist economics
* Traditionalist Catholicism
* Catholic social teaching
* Distributism
* Integralism
* Ultramontanism
* Traditionalist School

Historical
background|

* Ancien régime
* Bourbon Restauration
* Congress of Vienna
* Concert of Europe
* Conservative Order
* Counter-Enlightenment
* German Romanticism
* Holy Alliance
* Ultra-royalism

Related|

| Ideologies|

* Agrarianism
* Clerical fascism
* Communitarianism
* Conservative liberalism
* Corporatism
* Localism

|

* Anti-communism
* Anti-gender movement
* Anti-Masonry
* Aristocracy
* Black conservatism
* United States
* Desecularization
* Postsecularism
* Conservative feminism
* Conservative wave
* Counter-revolutionary
* Elite theory
* Ethnopluralism
* Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
* LGBTQ conservatism
* Neo-feudalism
* Neo-medievalism
* Para-fascism
* Political Evangelicalism in Latin America
* Political theology
* Radical right
* Europe
* United States
* Reactionary
* Neo-
* Right realism
* Right-wing politics
* Authoritarianism
* New
* European
* Small-c conservatives

* Conservatism portal
* Politics portal

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template