LGBTQ rights in the Americas

Status of same-sex marriage and other types of same-sex partnerships in the Americas.

Same-sex marriage1

Other type of registered partnership1

Limited domestic recognition1

Foreign marriages recognized for residency only

Unrecognized

Constitution restricts marriage to opposite-sex couples

Unenforced ban on same-sex sexual activity

1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.

Legal status| Legal in 31 out of 36 states; equal age of consent in 27 out of 36 states
Legal in all 21 territories; equal age of consent in 16 out of 21 territories
Gender identity| Legal in 14 out of 36 states
Legal in 8 out of 21 territories
Military| Allowed to serve openly in 14 out of 29 states that have an army
Allowed in all 21 territories
Discrimination protections| Protected in 23 out of 36 states
Protected in 14 out of 21 territories
Family rights
Recognition of relationships| Recognized in 12 out of 36 states
Recognized in 18 out of 21 territories
Restrictions| Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 7 out of 36 states
Adoption| Legal in 8 out of 36 states
Legal in 13 out of 21 territories

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) rights are complex and diverse in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBTQ persons varies widely.

Same-sex marriages are currently legal in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, United States and Uruguay. Free unions that are equivalent to marriage have begun to be recognized in Bolivia. Among non-independent states, same-sex marriage is also legal in Greenland, the British Overseas Territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, all French territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, French Guiana, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and in the Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, and Curaçao, while marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognised in Sint Maarten. More than 800 million people live in nations or sub-national entities in the Americas where same-sex marriages are available.

On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights should grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage.[1] The Supreme Courts of Honduras,[2] Panama,[3] Peru[4] and Suriname[5] have rejected the IACHR advisory opinion, while the Supreme Courts of Costa Rica and Ecuador adhered to it. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay are also under the court's jurisdiction, but already had same-sex marriage before the ruling was handed down.

However, five other nations still have unenforced criminal penalties for "buggery" on their statute books.[6] These are Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago of which Guyana is on mainland South America, while the rest are Caribbean islands. They are all former parts of the British West Indies. In addition, in Anguilla, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Paraguay, Montserrat, Suriname and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the age of consent is higher for same-sex sexual relations than for opposite-sex ones, and in Bermuda, the age of consent for anal sex is higher than that for other types of sexual activities.

## Religion and LGBT acceptance

[edit]

The British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonists, who settled most of the Americas, brought Christianity from Europe. In particular, the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestants, both of which oppose legal recognition of homosexual relationships. These were followed by the Eastern Orthodox church,[7] the Methodist Church,[8][9] and some other Mainline (Protestant) denominations, such as the Reformed Church in America[10] and the American Baptist Church,[11] as well as conservative evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention.[12][13][14] Pentecostal churches, such as the Assemblies of God,[15] as well as restorationist churches (like Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons), also take the position that homosexual sexual activity is ‘sinful’.[16][17]

However, other denominations have become more accepting of LGBT people in recent decades, including the Episcopalian church in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church (also in America), the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Canada, the Anglican Church of Canada, the United Church of Canada, the United Church of Christ, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and the Society of Friends (Quakers), as well as some congregations of the Presbyterian Church in America. Most of these denominations now perform same-sex weddings or blessings. Furthermore, many churches in the United Methodist Church (in the US) are choosing to officiate and bless same-sex marriage despite denomination-wide restrictions.[18] In addition, in the United States, conservative Judaism, reform Judaism, and reconstructionist Judaism now welcome LGBT worshippers and perform same-sex weddings.

Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex adoption nationwide

Indicates that same-sex adoption is legal in certain parts of the country

Indicates that the country has step-child adoption or partner-guardianship

Opinion polls for same-sex adoption in Americas  Country  | Pollster  | Year  | For | Against | Don't Know/Neutral/No answer/Other

|
|
|
|
|

Argentina | Ipsos  | 2023  | 71%[19] | 24%  | 6%
Brazil | Ipsos  | 2023  | 69%[19] | 22%  | 9%
Canada | Ipsos  | 2023  | 74%[19] | 17%  | 9%
Chile | CADEM  | 2022  | 70%[20] | 28%  | 2%
Colombia | Ipsos  | 2023  | 53%[19] | 40%  | 7%
Mexico | Ipsos  | 2023  | 60%[19] | 34%  | 6%
Peru | Ipsos  | 2023  | 51%[19] | 42%  | 7%
United States | Ipsos  | 2023  | 64%[19] | 26%  | 10%
Uruguay | Equipos Consultores  | 2013  | 52%[21] | 39%  | 9%
Venezuela | Equilibrium Cende  | 2023  | 48%[22]
(55%)  | 39%
(45%)  | 13%
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America

Marriage

Other type of partnership

Country subject to IACHR advisory opinion

Unrecognized

Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples

Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced

* * *

* v
* t
* e

| Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.

Same-sex marriage

Other type of partnership

Unregistered cohabitation

Country subject to IACHR advisory opinion

No recognition of same-sex couples

Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples

Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced

* * *

* v
* t
* e

| Recognition of same-sex unions in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico

Same-sex marriage

Unregistered cohabitation

Island subject to IACHR advisory opinion

No recognition of same-sex couples

Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage

Same-sex sexual activity illegal but penalties not enforced

* * *

* v
* t
* e

|
|

## Legislation by country or territory

Main article: LGBTQ rights by country or territory

Tables:

* view
* talk
* edit

#### North America

[edit]

LGBTQ rights in:  | Same-sex sexual activity  | Recognition of same-sex unions  | Same-sex marriage  | Adoption by same-sex couples  | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military  | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation  | Laws concerning gender identity/expression

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Bermuda
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 1994; equal age of consent since 2019
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Domestic partnerships since 2018[24] |  Was legal between November 2018 and March 2022 and between May 2017 and June 2018 |  Legal since 2015[25] |  UK responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[26] |
Canada |  Legal since 1969; equal age of consent since 1987
\+ UN decl. sign.[23][27] |  Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001);[28]
Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[29]
Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[30]
Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[31] |  Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[32] |  Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011[33] |  Since 1992[34]; Includes transgender people[35] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Ban on conversion therapy since 2022 nationwide | / Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017.[36][37][38][39] Gender identity change is not recognized for the purpose of inheritance of hereditary peerages and baronetcies, which is subject to Section 16 of the United Kingdom's Gender Recognition Act 2004.
Greenland
(Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark) |  Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1977
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[40] |  Legal since 2016  |  Stepchild adoption since 2009;[41]
joint adoption since 2016[42] |  The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[23] |  Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[43][44]
Mexico |  Legal since 1871
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] | / Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[45] Colima (between 2013 and 2016),[46] Campeche (2013),[47] Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),[48] Michoacán (2015), Tlaxcala (2017), and Veracruz (2020)  |  Starting in 2010; nationwide since 2022 | / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[49] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Aguascalientes (2018), San Luis Potosi (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Yucatán (2021), Nayarit (2022), Quintana Roo (2022), Baja California Sur (2022), Zacatecas (2023), Tabasco (2024), Durango, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León (the latter three never had adoption bans)[50][51] |  (ambiguous)  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[52] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Mexico City (2020), México (2020), Baja California Sur (2020), Colima (2021), Tlaxcala (2021), Oaxaca (2021), Yucatán (2021), Zacatecas (2021), Baja California (2022), Hidalgo (2022), Jalisco (2022), Puebla (2022), Sonora (2022), Nuevo León (2022), Querétaro (2023), Sinaloa (2023), Quintana Roo (2023), Morelos (2023), Guerrero (2024), Michoacán (2024), and nationwide (2024).  | / Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[53] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), México (2021), Morelos (2021), Sinaloa (2022), Zacatecas (2022), Durango (2023), Yucatán (2024), Campeche (2024), and Tabasco (2025).. [54]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France) |  Legal since 1791
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil solidarity pact since 1999[55] |  Legal since 2013[56] |  Legal since 2013[57] |  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[58] |  Under French law[59]
United States |  Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] | Domestic partnerships in California (1999), the District of Columbia (2002), Maine (2004), Washington (2007), Maryland (2008), Oregon (2008), Nevada (2009) and Wisconsin (2009).
Civil unions in Vermont (2000), Connecticut (2005), New Jersey (2007), New Hampshire (2008), Illinois (2011), Rhode Island (2011), Delaware (2012), Hawaii (2012) and Colorado (2013).  |  Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015 |  Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016 | / Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in the U.S. military since 2011, following the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.
Transgender people previously allowed to serve openly,[60] but restrictions have been placed on those with a history of gender dysphoria.[61]
"Transvestites" are currently banned from the military since 2012.[62]
Most openly Intersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites".[62] | / Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 23 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Conversion therapy for minors is banned in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Sexual orientation is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.  | / Gender X became available and recognized formally on US passports in April 2022.[63] This was rescinded in 2025 at the beginning of president Trump's second term.[64] Gender change is legal on birth certificates (under varying conditions by state), in 48 states + DC.
Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances, in 25 states + DC.
Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.

#### Central America

[edit]

LGBT rights in:  | Same-sex sexual activity  | Recognition of same-sex unions  | Same-sex marriage  | Adoption by same-sex couples  | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military  | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation  | Laws concerning gender identity/expression

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Belize |  Legal since 2016[65] |  |  |  |  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66][67][68] | [69]
Costa Rica |  Legal since 1971
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[70][71] |  Legal since 2020  |  Legal since 2020[72] | Has no military |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[23] | / Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018. Legal gender cannot be changed. Sex indicator removed from all ID cards issued since May 2018[73][74][75] One-time sex change allowed for passports. [76]
El Salvador |  Legal since 1822
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  | [77][78] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[77] | [79] Bans discrimination based on gender identity.
Guatemala |  Legal since 1871
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Pending  |  |  |  |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination  | [80]
Honduras |  Legal since 1899
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005  |  Constitutional ban since 2005;[81][82] court decision pending  |  Constitutional ban since 2005  |  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[83] |
Nicaragua |  Legal since 2008
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  |  |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination[23] |
Panama |  Legal since 2008
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Court decision pending  |  Court decision pending  |  Court decision pending  | Has no military |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination[84][85] |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006[86][87]

#### Caribbean

[edit]

Main article: LGBTQ rights in the Caribbean

LGBT rights in:  | Same-sex sexual activity  | Recognition of same-sex unions  | Same-sex marriage  | Adoption by same-sex couples  | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military  | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation  | Laws concerning gender identity/expression

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Anguilla
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  |  UK responsible for defence  |  |
Antigua and Barbuda |  Legal since 2022  |  |  |  |  |  Bans some anti-LGBT discrimination  |
Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |  Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Registered partnerships since 2021[88] |  [89] |  |  The Netherlands responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[90] |
Bahamas |  Legal since 1991;
Age of consent discrepancy
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  | [23] |  |
Barbados |  Legal since 2022.  | / Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes "Welcome Stamp"[91]

Civil Unions proposed.[92]

|  |  |  |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination[93] |
Bonaire
(a special municipality of the Netherlands) |  Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Registered partnerships since 2012[94] |  Legal since 2012[95] | [96] |  The Netherlands responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[97] |
British Virgin Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 2001
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  |  UK responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[98] |
Cayman Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 2001;
Age of consent discrepancy[23]
\+ UN decl. sign.  |  Civil partnerships since 2020[99] |  |  Legal since 2020  |  UK responsible for defence  |  |
Cuba |  Legal since 1979
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Legal since 2022  |  Legal since 2022  |  Legal since 2022  | [23][100] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination [101][102][103] |  Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[104]
Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |  Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  [89] |  |  The Netherlands responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[105] |
Dominica |  Legal since 2024[106]
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  | Has no military |  |
Dominican Republic |  Legal since 1822
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  Constitutional ban since 2010[107] |  | [108] |  |
Grenada |  Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (not enforced). [109] Legalization proposed[110]
Female always legal[23] |  |  |  | Has no military |  |
Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France) |  Legal since 1791
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil solidarity pact since 1999[55] |  Legal since 2013[56] |  Legal since 2013[57] |  France responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[58] |  Under French law[59]
Haiti |  Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue)[23] |  |  |  | Has no military |  |
Jamaica |  Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed[111]
Female always legal.[23] |  |  Constitutional ban since 2011  |  |  |  |
Martinique
(Overseas department of France) |  Legal since 1791
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil solidarity pact since 1999[55] |  Legal since 2013[56] |  Legal since 2013[57] |  France responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[58] |  Under French law[59]
Montserrat
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 2001
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  |  UK responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[112] |
Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States) |  Legal since 2003  |  Legal since 2015  |  Legal since 2015[113] |  Legal since 2015  |  United States responsible for defense[114][115] |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination  |  Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Saba
(a special municipality of the Netherlands) |  Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Registered partnerships since 2012[94] |  Legal since 2012[95] | [96] |  The Netherlands responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[97] | [116]
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France) |  Legal since 1791
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil solidarity pact since 1999[55] |  Legal since 2013[56] |  Legal since 2013[57] |  France responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[58] |  Under French law[59]
Saint Kitts and Nevis |  Legal since 2022  |  |  |  |  |  |
Saint Lucia |  Legal since 2025  |  |  |  | Has no military |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination  |
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France) |  Legal since 1791
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil solidarity pact since 1999[55] |  Legal since 2013[56] |  Legal since 2013[57] |  France responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[58] |  Under French law[59]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |  Illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[23] Legalization proposed[117] |  |  |  | Has no military |  |
Sint Eustatius
(a special municipality of the Netherlands) |  Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Registered partnerships since 2012[94] |  Legal since 2012[95] | [96] |  The Netherlands responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[97] |
Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |  Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  | / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[118] |  |  The Netherlands responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[119] |
Trinidad and Tobago |  Male illegal since 2025
Penalty: Up to 5-year prison sentence (not enforced, Court of Appeal ruling that reinstated buggery and gross indecency laws; previously struck down by lower court in 2018; appeal to Privy Council pending.)
Female always legal[120] |  |  |  |  |  |
Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  |  |  |  UK responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[23] |
United States Virgin Islands
(Territory of the United States) |  Legal since 1985  |  Legal since 2015[121] |  Legal since 2015[121] |  Legal since 2015[121] |  United States responsible for defense[114][115] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[122] |  Legislation enacted in 2022, also explicitly includes gender identity.[122]

#### South America

[edit]

LGBT rights in:  | Same-sex sexual activity  | Recognition of same-sex unions  | Same-sex marriage  | Adoption by same-sex couples  | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military  | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation  | Laws concerning gender identity/expression

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Argentina |  Legal since 1887
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003),[123] Río Negro Province (2003),[124] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009)
Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[125] |  Legal since 2010[126] |  Legal since 2010  |  Since 2009[127] | / Legal protection in some cities;[128]
pending nationwide.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012[129]

Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors. [130]

Bolivia |  Legal since 1832
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] | Free unions officially recognised starting in 2020; nationwide since 2023.[131] |  Constitutional ban since 2009[132] |  Same-sex couples in a free union are permitted to adopt[133] |  Since 2015[134][135][136]; Includes transgender people[35] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[23] |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016[137][138][139]
Brazil |  Legal since 1830
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  "Stable unions" legal and all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[140][141] |  Starting in 2011; nationwide since 2013[142][143] |  Legal since 2010[144] | Since 1969[145] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[146]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[147][148] |  Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018. The sex reassignment surgery, hormonal and psychological treatment are offered free of charge by the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS) [149][150][151]
Chile |  Legal since 1999; equal age of consent since 2022
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil unions since 2015[152] |  Legal since 2022[153] |  Legal since 2022[153] |  Since 2012[154]; Includes transgender people[155] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[156]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021 |  Transsexual persons can change their registral sex and name since 1974.
Transgender persons can change their registral sex and name, no surgeries or judicial order for adults above 18 years old since 2019.[157]
Colombia |  Legal since 1981
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  De facto marital union since 2007[158] |  Legal since 2016[159][160] |  Stepchild adoption since 2014;[161] joint adoption since 2015[162] |  Since 1999[23] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[163] |  Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required[164]
Ecuador |  Legal since 1997
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  De facto unions since 2009[165][166] |  Legal since 2019[167] |  LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[168] | [169] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[170]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014 |  Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required[171][172]
Falkland Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2006
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil partnerships since 2017[173] |  Legal since 2017[173] |  Legal since 2017  |  UK responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[174] |
French Guiana
(Overseas department of France) |  Legal since 1791
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Civil solidarity pact since 1999[55] |  Legal since 2013[56] |  Legal since 2013[57] |  France responsible for defence  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[58] |  Under French law[59]
Guyana |  Male illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[23] Legalization proposed[175]
Female always legal[120] |  |  | [176] | [177] |  |
Paraguay |  Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 1992[178] |  Constitutional ban since 1992[179] |  | [180] |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2022 |
Peru |  Legal since 1924; equal age of consent since 2012
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] | / Limited recognition for same-sex partners of health-care workers since 2020.  |  |  |  Since 2009[181] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[182][183][184][185][186] |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.[187][188]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |  Legal since 2001
\+ UN decl. sign.  |  Legal since 2014[189] |  Legal since 2014[189] |  |  UK responsible for defence  |  |
Suriname |  Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana)  |  |  Since 13 February 2025, Court recognizes 2 same-sex marriages performed abroad  |  |  |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination[190] |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender since 2022. Court order required.[191][192][193]
Uruguay |  Legal since 1934
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Concubinage union since 2008[194] |  Legal since 2013[195] |  Legal since 2009[196] |  Since 2009[197] |  Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[198] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017 |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.[199] Self-determination since 2018.
Venezuela |  Legal since 1997
\+ UN decl. sign.[23] |  Constitutional ban on de facto stable unions since 1999  |  Constitutional ban since 1999  |  |  Since 2023[200] |  Bans some anti-gay discrimination[23] |

## Public opinion

[edit]

### Same-sex marriage

[edit]

Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex marriage nationwide

Indicates that same-sex marriage is legal in certain parts of the country

Indicates that the country has civil unions or registered partnerships

Indicates that same-sex sexual activity is illegal

Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by country  Country  | Pollster  | Year  | For | Against | Neutral[a] | Margin
of error  | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Antigua and Barbuda | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 12%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Argentina | Ipsos  | 2023  | 70%
| 16% [8% support some rights]
| 14% not sure  | ±3.5%  | [202]
Aruba |  | 2021  | 46%  |  |  |  | [203]
Bahamas | AmericasBarometer  | 2014  | 11%  | \-  | \-  |  | [204]
Belize | AmericasBarometer  | 2014  | 8%  | \-  | \-  |  | [204]
Bolivia | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 35%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Brazil | Ipsos  | 2023  | 51%
| 29% [15% support some rights]
| 20% not sure  | ±3.5% [b] | [202]
Canada | Ipsos  | 2023  | 69%
| 17% [7% support some rights]
| 15% not sure  | ±3.5%  | [202]
Chile | Ipsos  | 2023  | 65%
| 24% [18% support some rights]
| 12%  | ±3.5%  | [202]
Colombia | Ipsos  | 2023  | 49% | 33% [21% support some rights]
| 18%  |  | [202]
Costa Rica | CIEP  | 2018  | 35%  | 64% | 1%  |  | [205]
Cuba | Gallup  | 2019  | 63.1% | 36.9%  |  |  | [206]
Dominica | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 10%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Dominican Republic | CDN 37  | 2018  | 45%  | 55% | \-  |  | [207]
Ecuador | AmericasBarometer  | 2019  | 22.9%  | 51.3% | 25.8%  |  | [208]
El Salvador | Universidad Francisco Gavidia  | 2021  |  | 82.5% |  |  | [209]
Grenada | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 12%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Guatemala | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 23%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Guyana | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 21%  | \-  | \-  |  | [204]
Haiti | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 5%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Honduras | CID Gallup  | 2018  | 17%  | 75% | 8%  |  | [210]
Jamaica | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 16%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Mexico | Ipsos  | 2023  | 58%
| 28% [17% support some rights]
| 14% not sure  | ±4.8% [b] | [202]
Nicaragua | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 25%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Panama | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 22%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Paraguay | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 26%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Peru | Ipsos  | 2023  | 41% | 40% [24% support some rights]
| 19%  | ±3.5% [b] | [202]
Saint Kitts and Nevis | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 9%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Saint Lucia | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 11%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | AmericasBarometer  | 2017  | 4%  | \-  | \-  |  | [201]
Suriname | AmericasBarometer  | 2014  | 18%  | \-  | \-  |  | [204]
Trinidad and Tobago | AmericasBarometer  | 2014  | 16%  | \-  | \-  |  | [204]
United States | Marquette  | 2022  | 72%
| 28%
| –  |  | [211]
Selzer  | 2022  | 74%
(83%)  | 13%
(17%)  | 13% not sure  |  | [212][213]
Quinnipiac  | 2022  | 68%
(77%)  | 22%
(23%)  | 10%  |  | [214]
Ipsos  | 2023  | 54%
| 31% [14% support some rights]
| 15% not sure  | ±3.5%  | [202]
Uruguay | Equipos Consultores  | 2019  | 59% | 28%  | 13%  |  | [215]
Venezuela | Equilibrium Cende  | 2023  | 55%
(63%)  | 32%
(37%)  | 13%  |  | [216]
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by dependent territory and sub-national entities  Country  | Pollster  | Year  | For | Against | Neutral[a] | Margin
of error  | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Aguascalientes | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 35.9%  | \-  |  | [217]
Baja California | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 30.7%  | \-  |  | [217]
Baja California Sur | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 42.1%  | \-  |  | [217]
Bermuda | OUTBermuda  | 2020  | 53% | 35%  | 11%  |  | [218]
Campeche | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 56.1% | \-  |  | [217]
Chiapas | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 58.7% | \-  |  | [217]
Chihuahua | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 36.4%  | \-  |  | [217]
Coahuila | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 46.8%  | \-  |  | [217]
Colima | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 39.2%  | \-  |  | [217]
Durango | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 38.8%  | \-  |  | [217]
Guanajuato | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 38.7%  | \-  |  | [217]
Guerrero | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 54% | \-  |  | [217]
Hidalgo | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 41.7%  | \-  |  | [217]
Jalisco | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 34.2%  | \-  |  | [217]
Mexico City | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 28.6%  | \-  |  | [217]
Michoacán | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 46%  | \-  |  | [217]
Morelos | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 38.5%  | \-  |  | [217]
Nayarit | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 38.8%  | \-  |  | [217]
Nuevo León | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 44.4%  | \-  |  | [217]
Oaxaca | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 52.2% | \-  |  | [217]
Puebla | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 37.1%  | \-  |  | [217]
Puerto Rico | Pew Research Center  | 2014  | 33%  | 55% | 12%  |  | [219]
Querétaro | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 32.4%  | \-  |  | [217]
Quintana Roo | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 37.9%  | \-  |  | [217]
San Luis Potosí | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 38.6%  | \-  |  | [217]
Sinaloa | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 37.7%  | \-  |  | [217]
Sonora | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 31.4%  | \-  |  | [217]
State of Mexico | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 33.8%  | \-  |  | [217]
Tabasco | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 56.5% | \-  |  | [217]
Tamaulipas | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 44.4%  | \-  |  | [217]
Tlaxcala | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 43.9%  | \-  |  | [217]
Veracruz | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 54.3% | \-  |  | [217]
Yucatán | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 43%  | \-  |  | [217]
Zacatecas | INEGI  | 2017  | \-  | 37.4%  | \-  |  | [217]

## See also

[edit]

* LGBTQ portal
* Law portal
* North America portal
* South America portal

* LGBTQ rights in Africa
* LGBTQ rights in Asia
* LGBTQ rights in Europe
* LGBTQ rights in Oceania
* Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas
* Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States
* Travesti (gender identity)
* Decriminalization of homosexuality in Ecuador
* Timeline of LGBT history in Ecuador

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Also comprises: Don't know; No answer; Other; Refused.
2. ^ a b c [+ more urban/educated than representative]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Malta, Monica; Cardoso, Reynaldo; Montenegro, Luiz; De Jesus, Jaqueline Gomes; Seixas, Michele; Benevides, Bruna; Das Dores Silva, Maria; Legrand, Sara; Whetten, Kathryn (6 November 2019). "Sexual and gender minorities rights in Latin America and the Caribbean: a multi-country evaluation" (PDF). Monica Malta. 19 (1): 31. doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0217-3. PMC 6836409. PMID 31694637. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
2. ^ Vallecillo, Luis (21 January 2022). "Corte Suprema de Justicia de Honduras impide que personas LGBTQ puedan casarse y tengan derechos civiles". The Washington Blade (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
3. ^ "La sentencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Panamá sobre matrimonio igualitario: un desacierto interpretativo - Agenda Estado de Derecho" (in Spanish). 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
4. ^ de 2022, Por Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg15 de Junio (15 June 2022). "Por qué la más reciente decisión en Perú contra el matrimonio igualitario es un despropósito legal". infobae (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
5. ^ "LGBTQIA-gemeenschap krijgt bittere pil te slikken" [LGBTQIA community has a bitter pill to swallow]. de Ware Tijd (in Dutch). 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
6. ^ "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
7. ^ "Holy Synod - Encyclicals - Synodal Affirmations on Marriage, Family, Sexuality, and the Sanctity of Life". Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
8. ^ "The Christian Life - Christian Conduct". Free Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
9. ^ "British Methodists reject blessing of same-sex relationships". The United Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
10. ^ "Summaries of General Synod Discussions and Actions on Homosexuality and the Rights of Homosexuals". Reformed Church in America. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
11. ^ "We Are American Baptists". American Baptist Churches USA. Archived from the original on 2 September 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
12. ^ "Southern Baptist Convention". Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
13. ^ "Statement on Homosexuality". Fellowship Alliance Church. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
14. ^ "EPC". Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
15. ^ "Homosexuality" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011.
16. ^ "Homosexuality—How Can I Avoid It?". Awake!: 28–30\. February 2007. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
17. ^ "Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction"". mormonnewsroom.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
18. ^ "Reconciling Ministries Network". Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
19. ^ a b c d e f g "LGBT+ Pride 2023 Global Survey" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
20. ^ "Estudio 456 Encuesta Plaza Pública Primera Semana de Octubre" (PDF). cadem.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
21. ^ "Actitudes y creencias de la población uruguaya hacia la población Trans, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, y personas que viven con VIH" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2021.
22. ^ Crónica Uno, Encuesta refleja que mayoría de venezolanos apoya igualdad de derechos para la población LGBTIQ, 2 March, 2023
23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
24. ^ Simpson, Lisa (28 February 2018). "House: Three more months of same-sex marriage". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
25. ^ "2014: No. 308" (PDF). Supreme Court of Bermuda. 3 February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
26. ^ Johnson, Ayo (15 June 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
27. ^ "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada \access-date=May 15, 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011.
28. ^ Anonymous (27 November 2017). "Law Reform (2000) Act".
29. ^ "An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation" (PDF). National Assembly. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
30. ^ "Alberta: Adult Interdependent Relationships". Legal Resource Center of Alberta. 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
31. ^ Justice, Manitoba. "Manitoba Laws". web2.gov.mb.ca.
32. ^ "LOI CONCERNANT CERTAINES CONDITIONS DE FOND DU MARIAGE CIVIL" (PDF).
33. ^ Status differs in provinces and territories:
* Mary C. Hurley (31 May 2007). "Sexual Orientation and Legal Rights". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
* Jennifer A. Cooper (31 December 2001). "Opinion on Common-Law Relationships". Government of Manitoba. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
* "Gay couple leaps 'walls' to adopt son". Edmonton Journal. 19 February 2007.
* "Legal Information for Same Sex Couples" (PDF). Legal Information for Same Sex Couples. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
* "Yukon Adoption: Important Adoption Issues". Adoptiveparents.ca. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
34. ^ "Canadian Armed Forces". The Canadian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
35. ^ a b Sweijs, Tim. "LGBT Military Personnel: a Strategic Vision for Inclusion". hcss.nl. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
36. ^ "Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5".
37. ^ "Ontario passes law to protect transgender people". CBC News. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
38. ^ Services, Ministry of Citizens. "Change Your Personal Information - Province of British Columbia". www2.gov.bc.ca.
39. ^ "Manitoba Vital Statistics Agency | Province of Manitoba". Province of Manitoba - Manitoba Vital Statistics Agency.
40. ^ "1995-96 - L 162 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af kriminalloven og arveloven for Grønland. (Ændringer som følge af indførelse af registreret partnerskab)" (in Danish). Webarkiv.dk. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
41. ^ "Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab m.v." (PDF).
42. ^ "Folketinget - L 122 - 2014-15 (1. samling)Om forældreansvarslovgivningen og lovgivningen om ægteskab mellem to personer af samme køn". Folketingstidende (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
43. ^ "§2, Imm. 3, Qitiusumik Inunnik Nalunaarsuiffik pillugu inatsisip (CPR pillugu inatsit) allanngortinneqarneranik inatsisit Kalaallit Nunaannut atuutilersinneqarnerannik peqqussut (Greenlandic)" (PDF). Retrieved 1 September 2020.
44. ^ "§2, Stk 3., Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af love om ændring af lov om Det Centrale Personregister (Danish)". Retrieved 1 September 2020.
45. ^ (in Spanish) Leopoldo Ramos (11 January 2007). "Aprueba Coahuila la figura del pacto civil de solidaridad". La Jornada. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
46. ^ (in Spanish) Pedro Zamora Briseño (29 July 2013). "Aprueba Colima "enlace conyugal" entre parejas del mismo sexo". Proceso. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
47. ^ "Legalizan bodas gays en Campeche". SDPnoticias (in Spanish). 23 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
48. ^ (in Spanish) "Jalisco avala Ley de Libre Convivencia para regular parejas del mismo sexo". CNN México. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
49. ^ "Mexico City's gay marriage law takes effect". MSNBC. Associated Press. 4 March 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
50. ^ (in Spanish) Jesús Castro (12 February 2014). "Ya pueden parejas gay adoptar en Coahuila; PAN vota en contra". Vanguardia. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
51. ^ "Intercountry Adoption: Mexico". Office of Children Issues, U.S. Dept. of State. November 2009.
52. ^ International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) (23 April 2003). "Mexico protects its gay and lesbian citizens with new law". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
53. ^ International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Trans (29 August 2008). "Mexico City extends official rights to transgender individuals". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
54. ^ Ulises, Edgar (9 March 2022). "¿Qué es la ley de identidad de género y qué estados la aprobaron?". Homosensual.
55. ^ a b c d e f "Loi n° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité". Legifrance (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2024.
56. ^ a b c d e f Vignal, Francois (15 April 2013). "Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat" (in French). Public Senat. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
57. ^ a b c d e f "France". travel.state.gov.
58. ^ a b c d e f "LGBT Rights in Melilla". Equaldex. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
59. ^ a b c d e f "France: Transsexualism will no longer be classified as a mental illness in France". ILGA. 16 May 2009. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
60. ^ "Biden overturns Trump transgender military ban". BBC News. 25 January 2021.
61. ^ "Pentagon to ban trans people from joining military, pauses gender-transition procedures". NBC News. Reuters. 10 February 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
62. ^ a b "Medical Conditions That Can Keep You From Joining the Military". Military.com. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
63. ^ "US citizens can now select a gender neutral 'X' on their passport". Sky News. 11 April 2022. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
64. ^ "DEFENDING WOMEN FROM GENDER IDEOLOGY EXTREMISM AND RESTORING BIOLOGICAL TRUTH TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT". Donald Trump. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
65. ^ "Belize Supreme Court Overturns Anti-Gay Law". NBC News. 10 August 2016.
66. ^ "Chapter 4 of the Laws of Belize - THE CONSTITUTION OF BELIZE PART II: Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms". Belmopan, Belize: The Government of Belize. 1981. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
67. ^ Littauer, Dan (10 August 2016). "Love wins! Belize anti-gay law struck down". Scotland: KaleidoScot. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
68. ^ "Supreme Court declares Section 53 unconstitutional". Port of Spain, Trinidad: Daily Express. Cana News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
69. ^ "Transgender Culture in Belize". United Belize Advocacy Movement (UNIBAM). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
70. ^ "CCSS aprobó extender seguro de salud a parejas gais". La Nación, Grupo Nación. 23 May 2014.
71. ^ Dyer, Zach (19 March 2015). "Costa Rica Government To Prioritize Bill Legalizing Gay Civil Unions". The Tico Times. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
72. ^ "Costa Rica". Bureau of Consular Affairs U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
73. ^ "Transgender Population in Costa Rica Will be Able to Choose the Name Shown in Their ID". Costa Rica Star News. 14 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
74. ^ Quesada, Armando (23 May 2018). "Omisión de sexo en las cédulas: Un cambio simbólico" [Omission of sex on ID cards: A symbolic change]. La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 February 2022.
75. ^ Cambronero, Julieta (24 May 2021). "Primer aniversario del matrimonio igualitario llama a resolver pendientes con la población diversa" [First anniversary of same-sex marriage calls for resolving pending issues with sexually diverse citizens]. Costa Rica Medios (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 February 2022.
76. ^ Solano, Glenda (11 March 2022). "Personas trans obtendrán pasaporte con identidad de género autopercibida sin trámites engorrosos" [Trans people will obtain passports with self-perceived gender identity without cumbersome procedures]. Teletica.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 March 2022.
77. ^ a b HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN EL SALVADOR: Shadow Report submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee (PDF). San Salvador: Asociación Salvadoreña de Derechos Humanos “Entre Amigos”. 2010.
78. ^ "Consulta Nacional sobre realidades LGBTI en El Salvador". Dirección de Diversidad Sexual (in Spanish). 2012.
79. ^ "El Salvador: la Corte Suprema reconoce la identidad de género de una persona trans". NODAL (in European Spanish). 10 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
80. ^ Perez, Sonia (31 July 2016). "In socially conservative Guatemala, transgender people sees gains". LGBTQ Nation. Associated Press.
81. ^ "Honduras: Constitución de 1982". pdba.georgetown.edu.
82. ^ "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. 30 March 2005. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
83. ^ ""DECRETO 144-83" CÓDIGO PENAL" (PDF).
84. ^ "Ley No. 16 Que regula el derecho de admisión en los establecimientos públicos y Dicta medidas para evitar la discriminación" (PDF) (in Spanish). Defensoria del Pueblo. 10 April 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
85. ^ "Buscan que orientación sexual e identidad género sean reconocidos en Panamá". El Nuevo Diario (in Spanish). 20 August 2015. Archived from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
86. ^ "Transexuales panameños tramitan cédulas de mujer". La Prensa. 5 November 2012.
87. ^ "Por primera vez, una transexual logra en Panamá cambiar su nombre en la cédula". El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2016.
88. ^ "LANDSBESLUIT van 2 juni 2021 no. 1, houdende inwerkingtreding van de Aanpassingsverordening aanvulling Burgerlijk Wetboek van Aruba (AB 2021 no. 43) en de Landsverordening van 23 september 2016 tot wijziging van het Burgerlijk Wetboek van Aruba (AB 1989 no. GT 100) in verband met een aantal onderwerpen die nog een regeling of aanpassing in het Burgerlijk Wetboek van Aruba behoeven (AB 2016 no. 51)". 9 March 2023.
89. ^ a b "Supreme Court rules that same-sex marriage is now permitted in Aruba and Curaçao". NL Times. 12 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
90. ^ "Wetboek van Strafrecht van Aruba". overheid.aw (in Dutch). 3 July 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
91. ^ Smith, Reiss (22 July 2020). "Barbados invites same-sex couples to live on the island for a year as it begins unpicking colonial-era homophobia". PinkNews. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
92. ^ "Government to recognise 'a form of civil unions' for same sex couples". Barbados Today. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
93. ^ "Employment (Prevention of Discrimination) Bill, 2020". Barbados Parliament Bills Archive. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
94. ^ a b c Waaldijk, Kees. "Major legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners in the Netherlands" (PDF). INED. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
95. ^ a b c "Gay Marriage Goes Dutch". CBS News. Associated Press. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
96. ^ a b c "Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 1 (Civil Code, Book 1)". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
97. ^ a b c "Wetboek van Strafrecht BSE". Overheid.nl (in Dutch). 1 May 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
98. ^ "The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007". UK Legislation. 2007. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
99. ^ "Civil partnerships now legal in the Cayman Islands". Cayman News Service. 4 September 2020.
100. ^ "LGBT MILITARY PERSONNEL A STRATEGIC VISION FOR INCLUSION" (PDF). The Hague Center for Strategic Studies.
101. ^ "Gaceta Oficial No. 29 Extraordinaria de 17 de junio de 2014" (PDF).
102. ^ "Entra en vigor nuevo Código del Trabajo". cubaencuentro.com (in Spanish).
103. ^ "Constitución de la República de Cuba" (PDF). Cuba (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
104. ^ "Cuba approves sex change operations". Reuters. 6 June 2008. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
105. ^ "LANDSVERORDENING van de 2de november 2011 houdende vaststelling van een nieuw Wetboek van Strafrecht" (PDF). gobiernu.cw (in Dutch). 2 November 2011.
106. ^ Stewart, Colin (22 April 2024). "Dominica court overturns anti-sodomy law". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
107. ^ "LGBT issues in the Dominican Republic" (PDF). Human Right First. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
108. ^ Potts, Andrew (13 June 2024). "Dominican Republic reiterates ban on gay cops and soldiers". Gaystarnews. Archived from the original on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
109. ^ Taylor, Jeff (23 April 2018). "Homosexuality Is Still Illegal In These 9 Caribbean Countries". newnownext.
110. ^ Salerno, Rob (9 January 2023). "2022 in worldwide LGBT rights progress – Part 6: Global Trends". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
111. ^ Salerno, Rob (9 January 2023). "2022 in worldwide LGBT rights progress – Part 6: Global Trends". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
112. ^ "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
113. ^ "Puerto Rico to amend laws after US ruling on gay marriage".
114. ^ a b "In 60 days, gays will be allowed to serve openly in the military". CNN. 23 July 2011.
115. ^ a b "Beginning today, transgender individuals can join the US military". ABC News. 1 January 2018.
116. ^ Chiam, Zhan; Duffy, Sandra; González Gil, Matilda; Goodwin, Lara; Timothy Mpemba Patel, Nigel. "Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law" (PDF). ILGA World. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
117. ^ Salerno, Rob (9 January 2023). "2022 in worldwide LGBT rights progress – Part 6: Global Trends". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
118. ^ Lavers, Michael K (12 July 2024). "Dutch Supreme Court rules Aruba, Curacao must allow same-sex couples to marry". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
119. ^ "LANDSVERORDENING van de 13e december 2012 houdende vaststelling van een nieuw Wetboek van Strafrecht". Overheid.nl (in Dutch). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
120. ^ a b Kelleher, Patrick (9 July 2025). "There are now 65 countries where it's illegal to be LGBTQ+: one more since 2024". PinkNews | Latest lesbian, gay, bi and trans news | LGBTQ+ news. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
121. ^ a b c Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
122. ^ a b "Governor Bryan Takes Action on 26 Bills from Final Session of 34th Legislature". Government of the Virgin Island. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
123. ^ "Ley 1.004". Buenos Aires Ciudad (in Spanish).
124. ^ "Ley 3.736". Legislatura de la Provincia de Río Negro (in Spanish).
125. ^ "Ley 26.994 Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación". InfoLEG (in Spanish).
126. ^ "Ley 26.618". InfoLEG (in Spanish).
127. ^ Smink, Veronica (28 February 2009). "Argentina: abren paso a gays en FF.AA". BBC Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
128. ^ "Ley 26.791". InfoLEG (in Spanish).
129. ^ Ruchansky, Emilio (10 May 2012). "Una norma de vanguardia". Página/12 (in Spanish).
130. ^ "New law in Argentina could change lives in the transgender community".
131. ^ "SENTENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL PLURINACIONAL 0577/2022-S2" (PDF). Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional. 20 March 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
132. ^ "Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) (7-Febrero-2009)" (in Spanish). Infoleyes. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
133. ^ "CÓDIGO NIÑA, NIÑO Y ADOLESCENTE LEY Nº 548" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
134. ^ Maria Eugenia Duran (28 August 2014). "Militares y homosexualidad: los avances y tabus en los otros paises de latinoamerica". Nacion (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
135. ^ "Fuerzas Armadas de Bolivia abren sus puertas a los gays". confluenciafm.com.ar.
136. ^ "Militares gay, entre la discriminación y la clandestinidad en FFAA de Bolivia" (in Spanish). 25 August 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
137. ^ "Constitucion Politica de Estado vingente Bolivia" (PDF) (in Spanish). Corte Nacional Electoral. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
138. ^ Perez, Wilma (9 February 2012). "'Soy el primero en Latinoamérica en cambiar de nombre y sexo'". La Razón (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
139. ^ "En Bolivia, seis transexuales lograron cambiar de identidad". Pagina Siete (in Spanish). 10 August 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
140. ^ "Brazilian go-ahead for gay unions". 5 March 2004 - via news.bbc.co.uk.
141. ^ "Notícias STF". Supremo Tribunal Federal (in Portuguese). 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 August 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
142. ^ Seligman, Felipe (14 May 2013). "CNJ obriga cartórios de todo o país a celebrar casamento entre gays". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
143. ^ Recondo, Felipe (14 May 2013). "CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais". Estadão (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
144. ^ Seligman, Felipe (27 April 2010). "Casal homossexual pode adotar criança, decide STJ". Athosgls (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
145. ^ (in Portuguese).Patricia Silva Gadelha (March 2006). "A prática da pederastia é crime militar". Jus Navigandi. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
146. ^ "STF permite criminalização da homofobia e da transfobia". G1 (in Portuguese). 13 June 2019.
147. ^ "Homosexuality is not deviant - Federal Council of Psychologists of Brazil".
148. ^ "Psychiatrist Jairo Bouer talks about the "collateral effects" of "gay cure" bill".
149. ^ Expresso da Notícia (13 January 2006). "Justiça autoriza alteração no registro de transexual que trocou de sexo" (in Portuguese). Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
150. ^ Expresso da Notícia (25 December 2005). "Justica autoriza mudança de sexo em documentos" (in Portuguese). Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
151. ^ "Mudar o nome e o sexo nos documentos".
152. ^ "LEY-20830 21-ABR-2015 MINISTERIO SECRETARIA GENERAL DE GOBIERNO - Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional". 21 April 2015.
153. ^ a b Bonnefoy, Pascale; Londoño, Ernesto (7 December 2021). "Chile Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage at Fraught Political Moment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
154. ^ (in Spanish) Claudio Ortiz Lazo. "Reflexiones en torno a la homosexualidad y fuerzas armadas". Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
155. ^ Chile, C. N. N. "Histórico: Ejército admite por primera vez en sus filas a un hombre trans". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2021.
156. ^ "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
157. ^ "Chilean President Signs Transgender Rights Law". On Top Magazine.
158. ^ "Consulta de la Norma". Alcaldiabogota (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
159. ^ "Colombia legalises gay marriage". BBC. 29 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
160. ^ "Colombia: constitutional court upholds same-sex marriage". Human Rights Watch. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
161. ^ "Histórico fallo de Corte Constitucional sobre adopción de menores por parte de parejas del mismo sexo". RCN Radio. 28 August 2014.
162. ^ "Colombia High Court Rules for Adoptions by Same-Sex Couples". The New York Times.
163. ^ "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.(in Spanish)
164. ^ ""Cambio de género en la cédula será ágil y simple": Minjusticia - ELESPECTADOR.COM". 6 June 2015.
165. ^ "Constitution of Ecuador" (PDF). ecuadorencifras.gob.ec.
166. ^ "LEY REFORMATORIA AL CÓDIGO CIVIL" (PDF).
167. ^ "Ecuador's highest court votes to legalise same-sex marriage". France 24. 13 June 2019.
168. ^ "Ecuador". travel.state.gov.
169. ^ "LACHR takes case concerning Ecuador to the Inter-American court". Organization of American States. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
170. ^ "Ecuador: 2008 Constitution in English". pdba.georgetown.edu.
171. ^ "Registro Oficial Segundo Suplemento" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Organo del Gobierno del Ecuador. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
172. ^ "Bay Area Reporter :: Article.php". The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc.
173. ^ a b "Family law review 2015". Falkland Islands. 13 May 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
174. ^ "The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008" (PDF). South Atlantic Territories. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
175. ^ Salerno, Rob (9 January 2023). "2022 in worldwide LGBT rights progress – Part 6: Global Trends". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
176. ^ "Homosexuals can adopt, be foster parents, guardians – CPA Director". 16 December 2015.
177. ^ "HOME". thedailyherald.sx.
178. ^ "Constitución del Paraguay, 1992". www.oas.org.
179. ^ "Paraguay – Constitution". Retrieved 15 October 2010.
180. ^ "Diputados rechazan ley que prohíbe ingreso de homosexuales a FFAA". Paraguay (in Spanish). 17 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
181. ^ "El Tribunal Constitucional de Perú considera que no se puede excluir de la Polícia o el Ejército a las personas homosexuales". Dos Manzanas. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
182. ^ "Código Penal peruano 2018 actualizado". Legis.pe (in European Spanish). 3 June 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
183. ^ "Peruvian Congress Votes to Remove LGBT from Hate Crime Legislation". The Perchy Bird. 6 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
184. ^ (in Spanish)"Peruvian Penal Code" (PDF). Retrieved 8 October 2015.
185. ^ "Peru lags behind other Latin American countries on LGBT rights". 18 September 2014.
186. ^ "Finalmente se aprobó la ley contra crímenes de odio y discriminación por orientación sexual". Útero.Pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 January 2017.
187. ^ "TC reconoce derecho de transexuales a pedir cambio de nombre y sexo en DNI". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). 8 November 2016.
188. ^ "Sex reassignment surgery in Peru". Streets of Lima. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
189. ^ a b "Local laws and customs - South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk.
190. ^ "Wetboek van Strafrecht 2015" (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 January 2017.
191. ^ "Grote stap in erkennen mensenrechten transgenders | Suriname Nieuws Centrale". surinamenieuwscentrale.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 December 2022.
192. ^ "Transgender wins case for sex change recognition". thedailyherald.sx. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
193. ^ "Suriname appeals transgender verdict". www.thedailyherald.sx. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017.
194. ^ "Ley Nº 18.246 UNIÓN CONCUBINARIA".
195. ^ "Document" (PDF). archivo.presidencia.gub.uy.
196. ^ "Lawmakers in Uruguay Vote to Allow Gay Couples to Adopt". New York Times. Reuters. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
197. ^ Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
198. ^ (in Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley N° 17.817". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
199. ^ Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
200. ^ Supreme Court of Justice Venezuela (16 March 2023). "SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE DECLARES NULLITY OF THE PRE-CONSTITUTIONAL NORM OF THE ORGANIC CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE". Retrieved 16 March 2023.
201. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Cultura polítical de la democracia en la República Dominicana y en las Américas, 2016/17" (PDF). Vanderbilt University (in Spanish). 13 November 2017. p. 163.
202. ^ a b c d e f g h LGBT+ PRIDE 2023 GLOBAL SURVEY (PDF). Ipsos. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
203. ^ "Bevolking Aruba pro geregistreerd partnerschap zelfde geslacht". Antiliaans Dagblad (in Dutch). 26 February 2021.
204. ^ a b c d e "Barómetro de las Américas: Actualidad – 2 de junio de 2015" (PDF).
205. ^ https://www.ciep.ucr.ac.cr/images/INFORMESUOP/EncuestaEnero/Informe-encuesta-ENERO-2018.pdf [dead link]
206. ^ "Encuesta: Un 63,1% de los cubanos quiere matrimonio igualitario en la Isla". Retrieved 26 July 2019.
207. ^ Guzman, Samuel (5 February 2018). "Encuesta de CDN sobre matrimonio homosexual en RD recibe más de 300 mil votos - CDN - El Canal de Noticias de los Dominicanos" [CDN survey on homosexual marriage in DR receives more than 300 thousand votes] (in Spanish).
208. ^ America's Barometer Topical Brief #034, Disapproval of Same-Sex Marriage in Ecuador: A Clash of Generations?, 23 July 2019. Counting ratings 1–3 as 'disapprove', 8–10 as 'approve', and 4–7 as neither.
209. ^ "Partido de Bukele se "consolida" en preferencias electorales en El Salvador". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish).
210. ^ "Más del 70% de los hondureños rechaza el matrimonio homosexual". www.laprensa.hn.
211. ^ Staff (30 November 2022). "New Marquette Law School Poll national survey finds small rebound in approval of U.S. Supreme Court, continued opposition to use of race as a factor in college admissions // News Center // Marquette University". Marquette University. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
212. ^ "September 20-25, 2022 Grinnell College National Poll" (PDF). FiveThirtyEight. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
213. ^ "Majority of Americans Believe Abortion and Same-Sex Marriage Should be Guaranteed Rights | Grinnell College". Grinnell College. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022. "Solid majorities across both parties agree that... marrying someone of the same sex...are rights that should be guaranteed to all citizens..."
214. ^ Staff (14 December 2022). "Lowest Opinion Of Trump Among Voters In Seven Years, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Biden Approval Rating Climbs | Quinnipiac University Poll". Quinnipiac University. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
215. ^ "Opinión sobre el matrimonio igualitario" [Opinion on equal marriage]. Equipos Consultores. 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019.
216. ^ Crónica Uno, Encuesta refleja que mayoría de venezolanos apoya igualdad de derechos para la población LGBTIQ, 2 March, 2023
217. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay?". El Sol de México (in Spanish). 15 April 2019.
218. ^ "OUTBermuda: 53% Favour Same-Sex Marriage". 17 September 2020.
219. ^ "Social Attitudes on Moral Issues in Latin America - Pew Research Center". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Corrales, J. (2021). The Politics of LGBT Rights Expansion in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press.
* Díez, Jordi. The politics of gay marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
* Dion, Michelle L., and Jordi Díez. "Democratic values, religiosity, and support for same-sex marriage in Latin America." Latin American Politics and Society 59.4 (2017): 75–98.
* Encarnación, Omar G. "Latin America's gay rights revolution." Journal of Democracy 22.2 (2011): 104–118.
* Encarnación, Omar Guillermo. Out in the periphery: Latin America's gay rights revolution (Oxford University Press, 2016).
* Navarro, María Camila, et al. "Tolerance of Homosexuality in South American Countries: A Multilevel Analysis of Related Individual and Sociocultural Factors." International Journal of Sexual Health (2019): 1–12.

* v
* t
* e

LGBTQ rights in the Americas

Sovereign
states|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Dependencies
and territories|

* Anguilla
* Aruba
* Bermuda
* Bonaire
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Curaçao
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Greenland
* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Montserrat
* Puerto Rico
* Saba
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon
* Sint Eustatius
* Sint Maarten
* South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* U.S. Virgin Islands

* North America
* Central America
* Caribbean
*   *   *   * South America

* v
* t
* e

LGBTQ rights overview

* Lesbian
* Gay
* Bisexual
* Transgender
* Intersex rights

General|

* Capital punishment
* Censorship of LGBTQ issues
* Criminalization
* Decriminalization
* Legal status of transgender people
* Legality of conversion therapy
* LGBTQ rights at the United Nations
* Activists
* Movements
* Organizations
* Societal attitudes
* Student movement
* Timeline of LGBTQ history
* Transgender rights movement

By regions (list)|

* Africa
* Americas
* North America
* South America
* Asia
* Europe
* European Union
* Oceania
* Middle East
* Commonwealth
* La Francophonie
* Post-Soviet states

By years (list)|

* 1700s
* 1800s
* 1900–1949
* 1950s
* 1960s

1970s|

* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979

1980s|

* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989

1990s|

* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999

2000s|

* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

2010s|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

2020s|

* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

Ideological|

* Communism and LGBTQ rights
* LGBTQ conservatism
* Opposition to LGBTQ rights
* Libertarian perspectives on LGBTQ rights
* New Left
* Queer anarchism
* Queer radicalism
* Socialism and LGBTQ rights

* Category

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template